Bio-Chemical Evaluation of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Cv

l of Hortic na ul r tu u r o e J Chovatiya, et al., J Horticulture 2015, 2:4 Journal of Horticulture DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000164 ISSN: 2376-0354

Research Article Open Access Bio-chemical Evaluation of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Cv. Kesar at Different Locations in Saurashtra Region (Gujarat) Chovatiya VM*, Sanandia ST, Parmar KB and Aghera SR *Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) India *Corresponding author: Chovatiya VM, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) India, Tel: +91-9737275605; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Sep 21, 2015; Accepted date: Oct 26, 2015; Published date: Oct 28, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Chovatiya VM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

The present investigation entitled “Bio-chemical evaluation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Kesar at Saurashtra region” was carried out at Department of Horticulture and Food Testing Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2013-14. Nine different locations from Saurashtra region were selected for this experiment viz., Una, Mendarda, Bheshan, Junagadh (Sakkarbaug), Talala, Vanthali, Dhari, Aadityana and Ghogha. The harvested sample fruits from different locations were cleaned, ripened at room temperature in paper boxes, than used for further bio-chemical evaluation. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design. The myth has been proven to be real from this scientific study. From the conducted experiment over nine different locations, it can be concluded that the Talala is more congenial for mango cv. Kesar or it can be truly say that mango orchards located at/near Talala region produces better quality fruits as compared to others.

Keywords: Location effect; Bio-chemical; Variability; Cv. kesar; Saurashtra in particular to study the adaptability of mango cv. Kesar Saurashtra into different locations. In view of above a field study on the effect of location on the quality of mango fruits cv. Kesar was under taken Introduction during period of May-July of year 2014 (Summer and Kharif season) taking nine Kesar mango producing tehsils of Saurashtra as Una, The mango (Mangifera indica L.) (2n=2 x =40) is one of the choicest Mendarda, Bheshan, Junagadh, Talala, Vanthali, Dhari, Aadityana and fruit of tropical and sub-tropical region of the world, especially in Asia. Ghogha. Its population and importance can easily be realized by the fact that it is often referred as “King of Fruits in the Tropical World” [1]. Mango is Materials and Methods popular due to its excellent flavour, delicious taste, delicate fragrance, attractive colour and nutritive value which make at rank among the An investigation was carried out to find out “Bio-chemical best fruits of world. evaluation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Kesar at Saurashtra region”. Nine different locations from Saurashtra region were selected Kesar is the most popular cultivar grown around Gujarat state. for this experiment. The selection of locations was based on popularity Kesar is characterized by its golden color with green overtones. The at local markets and production pocket of this cultivar. Mango fruit is slightly smaller compared to the Alphanso variety. The fruits are orchards, selected as locations were ranged from 18 to 26 years. medium to large sized (250-325 g per fruit), oblong in shape with an Treatments can be described as: L1 (Una), L2 (Mendarda), L3 attractive light apricot-yellow color. The taste is very good and sugar/ (Bheshan), L4 (Sakkarbaug, Junagadh), L5 (Talala), L6 (Vanthali), L7 acid blend is excellent. The cultivar is free from spongy tissue disorder (Dhari), L8 (Aadityana) and L9 (Ghogha). The collected sample of and malformation. Tree bear excellent quality fruits with saffron about 10 kg fruits from each location were further replicated into three coloured pulp when ripe and delicious. Excellent for table purpose different replications. The statistical analysis was done using fruits, medium sized with fiber-less stone. The “Kesar” fruit has 18 to Completely Randomized Design, described by Panse and Sukhatme. 22 percent T.S.S., 0.25 to o.29 percent acidity and 10.5 to 12.0 percent The biochemical analyzed were total sugar, reducing and non-reducing total sugars with storability of 15 to 20 days [1,2]. sugar, TSS (hand refrectometer), acidity, scorbic acid and total Gir Kesar mango is cultivated in the area of Junagadh district carotenoids were analyzed. [4-7] particularly Gir territory including Gir Sanctuary and National park and other adjoining tehsils like Dhari and Khambha of Amreli district Results near to Gir territory. Junagadh district lies between 20°44‟ North to 21°40‟ North latitude and 69°40‟ East to 71°50‟ East longitude. Different climatic conditions and soil conditions have deep impact Whereas Amreli district lies between 20°45‟ East to 22°25‟ East on development of various biochemical properties of cv. Kesar, they are longitude and 70°30‟ North to 71°75‟ North latitude [3]. described as below. Ample information on the effect of climatic and soil conditions on Total sugar - The Table 1 clearly shows that total sugar content quality of mango fruit is available elsewhere. A very little work has (117.78 mg/g) was significantly highest in fruits of treatment L5 been done on the mango crop cv. Kesar in Gujarat in general and in (Talala), which remained at par with treatments L1 (115.45 mg/g), L2

J Horticulture Volume 2 • Issue 4 • 1000164 ISSN:2376-0354 Horticulture, an open access journal Citation: Chovatiya VM, Sanandia ST, Parmar KB, Aghera SR (2015) Bio-chemical Evaluation of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Cv. Kesar at Different Locations in Saurashtra Region (Gujarat). J Horticulture 2: 164. doi:10.4172/2376-0354.1000164

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(113.17 mg/g) and L9 (113.10 mg/g). Whereas the lowest total sugar reducing sugar content in ripe fruits (26.85 mg/g). The treatment L5 content (102.18 mg/g) was recorded in treatment L3 (Bheshan). (25.85 mg/g) was remained at par with treatment L1. Whereas treatment L6 (22.66 mg/g) had recorded lowest reducing sugar content. Reducing sugar - The data indicated the reducing sugar of fruits (Table 1) significantly influenced by different locations. Among the different locations treatment L1 (Una) had significantly resulted the higher

Treatments Total sugar Reducing sugar Non- Total Acidity Ascorbic Total (mg/g) (mg/g) reducing sugar soluble solids (%) acid (mg/100g carotenoids (mg/100g (mg/g) (%) pulp) pulp)

L1 115.45 26.85 84.17 20.66 0.21 43.20 10.11

L2 113.17 23.84 84.86 19.20 0.23 45.70 9.39

L3 102.18 23.11 75.11 18.26 0.26 45.67 9.79

L4 102.36 23.60 74.82 19.12 0.28 46.02 9.24

L5 117.78 25.85 87.33 21.75 0.21 42.46 10.80

L6 104.17 22.66 77.43 19.62 0.25 43.28 9.55

L7 103.01 24.31 74.76 18.56 0.28 46.36 9.29

L8 109.37 22.73 82.30 19.02 0.23 43.77 9.64

L9 113.10 24.45 84.21 18.82 0.27 44.17 9.63

S. Em.± 1.67 0.52 1.76 0.43 0.01 0.84 0.24

C.D. at 5% 4.95 1.54 5.25 1.28 0.016 2.49 0.73

C.V.% 2.65 3.71 3.8 3.84 3.66 3.26 4.38

Table 1: Bio-chemical variation in mango cv. Kesar found at different locations.

Non-reducing sugar-The data on non-reducing sugar are presented was observed in treatment L5 (Talala), which was at par with treatment in Table 1. Results recorded that significantly the highest non-reducing L1 (10.11 mg/100 g of pulp) and the lowest total carotenoids content sugar content was found in treatment L5 (87.33 mg/g), remained was found in treatment L4 (9.24 mg/100 g of pulp). statistically at par with treatment L2, L9, L1 and L8 having values of 84.86, 84.21, 84.17 and 82.30 mg/g, respectively. Whereas minimum Discussion non- reducing sugar content (74.76 mg/g) was noted in treatment L7. The effect of temperature for increasing fruit quality may be Total soluble solids-The perusal of data from Table 1 revealed that explained with reason that the metabolism and composition of fruit the highest content of total soluble solids in fruits was recorded in are affected by temperature and ultimately the result shown in table fruits of treatment L5 with value of 21.75% which was also found at par (Table 1) indicates the values for bio-chemical characters of fruit. The with treatment T1 (20.66%), whereas lowest total soluble solids significant higher values were obtained for total sugar content (117.78 (18.26%) was recorded in treatment L3. and 115.45 mg/g), T.S.S. (21.75 and 20.66%) and total carotenoids Acidity-The data regarding acidity content of ripe fruit of Kesar (10.80 and 10.11 mg/100 g of pulp) in treatments L5 and L1, mango are furnished in Table 1. The acidity of ripen fruits significantly respectively. The reducing sugars were significantly higher in affected by different treatments i.e. locations of Saurashtra region. The treatments L1 and L5 in value of 26.85 and 25.85 mg/g, whereas treatments L1 and L5 were showed lowest acidity (0.21%) of fruits, significantly a higher non-reducing sugar (87.33 mg/g) was noted in than remained treatments. Whereas highest acidity (0.28%) was found L5. The lowest significant acidity (0.21%) was noted in treatments L5 in treatments L4 and L7. and L1. Significantly the lowest ascorbic acid content (42.46 mg/100 g pulp) was recorded in treatment L5. Whereas treatments L1 (43.20 Ascorbic acid content-Significantly the lowest ascorbic acid content mg/100 g pulp), L6 (43.28 mg/100 g pulp) and L8 (43.77 mg/100 g (42.46 mg/100 g pulp) was registered in treatment L5 (Talala). pulp) remained at par with treatment L5. Treatments L1 (43.20 mg/100 g pulp), L6 (43.28 mg/100g pulp) and L8 (43.77 mg/100 g pulp) were remained at par with treatment L5 for Thus it can be said that significantly the better quality of ripe fruits ascorbic acid content. Whereas maximum ascorbic acid content (46.36 were recorded in treatments L5 (Talala) in comparison to other mg/100 g pulp) was found in fruits of treatment L7 (Table 1). locations. Total carotenoids content- The data pertaining to the total carotenoids content are tabulated in Table 1. It clearly indicates that significantly highest total carotenoids content (10.80 mg/100 g of pulp)

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Effect of climatic conditions on quality of fruits The results indicated that variation in quality of fruits was due to variation in soil nutrients content. Dudhat [7] observed significantly In the present study, Kesar fruits of Talala were found to be superior higher levels of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available with respect to bio-chemical characters as compare to other locations. potassium, organic carbon, magnesium, and iron content at Talala and The comparatively higher maximum temperature was recorded in Una locations as compare to other locations. Talala and Una locations as compare to other locations of present study as well as lower fruit quality was observed at those locations which having relatively lower maximum temperature during the period from References flowering to fruit maturity (January to June) [8]. These findings are in 1. Singh LB (1960) The mango: Botany, cultivation and utilization. Leonard agreement with findings of Dudhat in mango, Singh and Mosqueda et hill (book), London. 76-90. al. [9] mango, Cooper et al. [10] in citrus, Condit in figure [11], and 2. Chovatia RS, Usdadia SN, Dhaduk LK, Bimani RA (1995) ‘Saurashtrani Sulladmath and Rao [12] in sapota release of sugars by hydrolysis of suprasiddh Kesar kerino itihas’. Kerifal Visheshank-95. Pp. 9-11. starch. Soule and Hatton [13] put forth theory that, ascorbic acid is 3. Anonymous (2011) Geographical Indications Journal. Govt. of India. respiratory substance and likely to be respired and utilized. The rise in New Delhi. T.S.S. could be due to the accumulation of sugars as a consequence of 4. Panse VG, Sukhatme PV (1967) Statistical Methods for Agricultural starch hydrolysis [14]. workers. ICAR, New Delhi. 5. Rangana (1986) Biochemical methods. The variations observed in quality of fruit were also due to 6. Sadasivam, Manickam (1999) Carotenoids determination by acetone atmospheric relative humidity. The comparatively lower humidity was extraction. noted in Talala and Una locations as compare to other locations of 7. biochemical methods. Pp. 187-188. Saurashtra region like Junagadh, Vanthali and Dhari and it was 8. Sadasivam, Manickam (1999) Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA observed that the locations having high relative humidity were lower in method. Biochemical methods. Pp. 7-8. quality [8]. These findings are in close conformity with those obtained 9. Dudhat HS (1997) Location effect on the yield and quality of mango fruit by Dudhat [8] in mango, Singh [1] in mango, Cooper et al. [10] in (Mangifera indica) cv. Kesar. M. Sc. Thesis (unpublished). citrus fruit and Condit [11] in Figure. 10. Mosqueda-Vazquez R, Ireta-Ojeda A, Santos R, De Los (1993) Degree- The unfavorable effect of relative humidity for fruit characters may days and base temperature required for inflorence and fruit development be due to the reason that when relative humidity is high, ultimately in mango “Manila”. Acta Horticulture 341: 232-239. process of photosynthesis decreases, causing adverse effects on starch 11. Cooper WC, Ascension P, Furr JR, Hilgeman RH, Cahon GA et al. (1963) Weather conditions relation to citrus crops. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. formation, thereby reduces the growth and development of fruit and 82: 180-2. also the fruit quality [15]. 12. Condit IJ (1950) Influence of climatic conditions of figure. J Hered 41: 165-168. Effect of soil conditions on quality of fruit 13. Sulladmath UV, Rao MM (1979) Studies on effect of season on quality of sapota fruit. J Maha. Agril. Uni. 4: 55-60. The significant variations observed in quality of fruit were due to Soule MJ, Hatton TT (1955) Determination of maturity of hard green soil characteristics. Soil texture has a deep impact on yield and quality 14. Haden and Zill mangoes. Proc. Fla. Mango forum 16. on fruit crops [8]. 15. Leley VK, Narayan N, Darji TA (1943) Biochemical studies in the growth and ripening of the “Alphanso” mango. Indian J Agric. Sci. 13: 291. Conclusion 16. Pantastico Er B (1975) Postharvest physiology, handling and utilization of tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables. 25-29. From the above obtained results it can be concluded that Talala 17. EL-Tomi AL (1953) Subtropical fruit industry in Egypt. Proc. Fla. Hort. pocket of Saurashtra region produces best quality mango cv. Kesar Soc. 66: 195. fruits noted lower percentage of total send (17.90 and 19.57%) and 18. Carlton RA (1948) The use of soil amendments in mango production. significantly higher percentage of silt (47.19 and 38.20%) in soils of Proc. Fla. Mango forum 24. Talala and Una localities as compare to other locations. 19. Iyenger HVR (1954 ) Mango in Telangana. The mango, A Souvenir. 41, In the present study, Talala and Una were found with better Kesar Dept. Agric. Hyderabad (India). fruit quality, because of soil texture of silty clay loam or silty clay as explained by Dudhat [7]. These findings are in confirmation with observations of EL-Tomi [15], Carlton [16] and Iyengar [17] in mango.

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