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0 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) CEPPE Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa MESTRADO EM ANÁLISE GEOAMBIENTAL CARLOS HUMBERTO BIAGOLINI ALGUNS COMPONENTES DA MACROFLORA DA FORMAÇÃO ITAQUAQUECETUBA, PALEÓGENO DA BACIA DE SÃO PAULO E SUAS EVIDÊNCIAS PALEOCLIMÁTICAS” Guarulhos 2012 1 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) CARLOS HUMBERTO BIAGOLINI ALGUNS COMPONENTES DA MACROFLORA DA FORMAÇÃO ITAQUAQUECETUBA, PALEÓGENO DA BACIA DE SÃO PAULO E SUAS EVIDÊNCIAS PALEOCLIMÁTICAS” Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado à Universidade Guarulhos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Análise Geoambiental Orientadora: Prof a. Dra. Mary E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira Guarulhos 2012 2 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) Biagolini, Carlos Humberto B576a Alguns componentes da macroflora da formação itaquaquecetuba, paleógeno da bacia de São Paulo e suas evidências paleoclimática / Carlos Humberto Carlos Humberto. Guarulhos, 2012. 151 f.: il.; 31 cm Dissertação (Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental) - Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Universidade Guarulhos, 2012. Orientador: Prof a. Dra. Mary Elizabeth C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira Referências: f. 107-128 1. Paleógeno 2. Itaquaquecetuba 3. Bacia de São Paulo 4. Microgramma 5. Podocarpus 6. Bauhinia 7. Leandra CDD 22 st 550 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Fernando Gay da Fonseca 3 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) CEPPE Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa MESTRADO EM ANÁLISE GEOAMBIENTAL A Comissão Julgadora dos trabalhos de Defesa de Dissertação de MESTRADO, intitulada “ALGUNS COMPONENTES DA MACROFLORA DA FORMAÇÃO ITAQUAQUECETUBA, PALEÓGENO DA BACIA DE SÃO PAULO E SUAS EVIDÊNCIAS PALEOCLIMÁTICAS” em sessão pública, realizada em 29 de maio de 2012, considerou o candidato CARLOS HUMBERTO BIAGOLINI aprovado. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA: 1. Prof. Dra. Mary E. C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira – UnG/USP____________ 2. Prof. Dra. Maria Judite Garcia - UnG____________________________ 3. Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Bistrichi – PUC-SP______________________ Guarulhos, 29 de maio de 2012. 4 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) DEDICATÓRIA : Dedico esta Dissertação de Mestrado à minha querida mãe (in memorian) Yolanda Gonçalves Biagolini pela oportunidade que me deu de existir e pelo incentivo constante aos estudos. À minha irmã (in memorian) Sonia Regina Biagolini da qual guardo na memória muitos momentos alegres e divertidos e que provavelmente nunca irei esquecer. A você minha querida irmã dedico também este trabalho. Ao meu amado pai Ernesto Biagolini, querido e companheiro que, por muitas vezes, deixei de visitar para empenho total na elaboração e conclusão deste trabalho. À minha maravilhosa esposa, Rosangela, minha adorada filha Patrícia e meu precioso filho Carlos Jr. pelo apoio, incentivo e pelos diversos “empurrões” dados, que ajudaram a superar as dificuldades naturais que surgem diante de um curso de Mestrado. À minha querida sobrinha e afilhada Cristiane, pelo apoio e incentivo no decorrer do curso. Ao meu querido irmão João Biagolini, pelo apóio e incentivo não só no decorrer do curso, mas principalmente nos momentos difíceis de minha vida. Às minhas tias Prof. Dra. Maria Esmeralda Zanllutti e Maria Zélia Minéo, por tanta ajuda oferecida durante a jornada,sejam no incentivo ou no apoio, para que fosse possível o cumprimento de todos os compromissos assumidos. Aos meus amigos professores da Rede Estadual de Ensino de São Paulo que também torceram pelo sucesso e conclusão deste trabalho. A estes grandes companheiros e companheiras professores e guerreiros, o meu muito obrigado. Espero que a conclusão desta caminhada sirva de inspiração para que outros professores busquem, no aperfeiçoamento profissional, um futuro melhor não só financeiro, mas pessoal refletindo na forma de transmitir conhecimentos e formando melhor à nova geração que chega a cada ano nas escolas brasileiras tão carentes de profissionais realmente apaixonados pelo que fazem. 5 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) AGRADECIMENTOS À minha querida orientadora e Professora Dra. Mary E. C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira, que durante todo o período de desenvolvimento deste trabalho, sempre esteve ao meu lado, ensinando-me e orientando-me com carinho e precisão em tudo que foi necessário para que fosse possível a conclusão desta obra. Sua dedicação, carinho e competência, serviram de inspiração e exemplo, resultando em muitos outros trabalhos que realizei no exercício de minha profissão de professor, ajudando na educação de jovens do ensino médio e fundamental durante o período em que fiz o curso de mestrado e que com toda certeza, irá também me acompanhar no exercício da profissão de professor do ensino superior que está por iniciar. À querida Isa Mendes que, ao lado de minha orientadora, torceu e me ajudou muito tornando-se parte do elenco de pessoas as quais serei sempre grato. A você Isa, meu muito obrigado. Aos professores coordenadores do curso de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental, Professores Dr. Antonio Roberto Saad e Dra. Maria Judite Garcia, pelo carinho, apoio, amizade e preocupação em fazer com que este trabalho pudesse ser realizado dentro dos prazos determinados. A vocês o meu muito obrigado por toda ajuda oferecida. Aos amigos e professores Prof a Dra. Ana Olívia B. F. Magalhães; Prof o Dr. Mario Lincoln E. Etchebehere; Prof o. Dr. Marcio de Andrade Magalhães, Prof o Dr. Antonio Manoel dos Santos Oliveira e Prof oDr.KenitiroSuguio, pela amizade e paciência na condução das aulas e na preocupação em “ensinar”. Aos grandes amigos do laboratório de Geociências que sempre com sorriso no rosto, não pouparam esforços para que eu pudesse cumprir com minhas obrigações. Daniely dos Santos; Andréia Barbieri Resende; Júnia Faria; Ricardo Seiffer; MScFabio da Costa Casado e Professora MSc Rosana Saraiva Fernandes, meu muito obrigado a vocês por toda ajuda oferecida no decorrer do curso de mestrado. Todos ajudaram muito e são responsáveis também pela realização deste trabalho. Cada informação fornecida foi uma peça fundamental a mais na elaboração deste trabalho. À Gisele Dueñas secretária do curso de Mestrado muito obrigado por toda ajuda fornecida durante o curso. 6 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) Aos amigos e companheiros de turma que, em 2010, iniciaram comigo esta jornada e que foram responsáveis por momentos alegres, que ficarão para sempre em minha memória. Sou muito grato a todos vocês pelo carinho e amizade. Aos botânicos do Horto Florestal, Dr. Osny Tadeu de Aguiar e Dr. João Aurélio Pastore pela ajuda no fornecimento de material e informações a respeito de vegetais pesquisados. À Professora Dra Olga Yano, do Instituto de Botânica, pela grande ajuda no esclarecimento de dúvidas no decorrer das pesquisas. Às Funcionárias da USP, Jordana e Elaine do Laboratório de Petrografia Sedimentar pela grande ajuda na realização dos testes de granulometria, realizados durante a confecção desta dissertação. À Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo, pela ajuda mais do que importante através do programa “Bolsa Mestrado”, amparado no Decreto n o 48.298 de 03/12/2003 e na Resolução SE 131 de 04/12/2003 e Resolução 105 de 01/12/2004, e aos professores coordenadores da Delegacia de Ensino Leste 01 Professora Mariléa e Professor Ivan pelo apoio e credibilidade ao projeto por mim desenvolvido, que possibilitaram financeiramente o desenvolvimento desse trabalho. Ao Prof.Dr.Carlos Alberto Bistrichi, por valiosas informações transmitidas na área de coleta dos fitofósseis. À Itaquareia – Indústria Extrativa de Minérios Ltda, pela facilidade no acesso à área de estudo. A todos que contribuíram de alguma forma para a realização desta dissertação, meu muito obrigado por tudo. 7 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) "Todo aquele que se dedica ao estudo da ciência chega a convencer-se de que nas leis do Universo se manifesta um Espírito sumamente superior ao do homem, e perante o qual nós, com os nossos poderes limitados, devemos humilhar-nos." Albert Einstein 8 Dissertação de Mestrado em Análise Geoambiental – CEPPE/UnG Biagolini, C.H. (2012) RESUMO Esse documento versa sobre um estudo taxonômico de novos elementos componentes da macroflora Itaquaquecetuba, ocorrente no município homônimo (do estado de São Paulo) e suas evidências paleoclimáticas. O material estudado corresponde ao registro fitofossilífero preservado em camadas argilosas da Formação Itaquaquecetuba, documentando uma vegetação que medrou durante o Paleógeno, não só na área de Itaquaquecetuba, mas por toda a área da bacia sedimentar de São Paulo e, provavelmente, também, por grande parte do Planalto Atlântico. Essa tafoflora foi preservada na forma de impressões, compressões e piritizações ou marcassitizações foliares e caulinares envolvidas por folhelhos ou argilitos de cor cinza, com tons mais claros ou mais escuros. A boa preservação permite observar, além do contorno, detalhes de arquitetura foliar, de estruturas caulinares e alguns vestígios de frutos ou sementes. Seu estudo foi feito através de observação em estereomicroscópio óptico, com câmara clara, sobre fotomacrografias, fotomicrografias e em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O material foi analisado, do ponto de vista morfográfico da fisiognomia foliar e taxonômico.
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  • Polypods Exposed by Tom Stuart

    Polypods Exposed by Tom Stuart

    Volume 36 Number 2 & 3 Apr-June 2009 Editors: Joan Nester-Hudson and David Schwartz Polypods Exposed by Tom Stuart What is a polypod? The genus Polypodium came from the biblical source, the Species Plantarum of 1753. Linnaeus made it the largest genus of ferns, including species as far flung as present day Dryopteris, Cystopteris and Cyathea. This apparently set the standard for many years as a broad lumping ground. The family Polypodiaceae was defined in 1820 and its composition has never been stagnant. Now it is regarded as comprising 56 genera, listed in Smith et al. (2008). As a measure of the speed of change, thirty years ago about 20 of these genera were in different families, a few were yet to be created or resurrected, and several were often regarded as sub-genera of a broadly defined Polypodium. Estimates of the number of species vary, but they are all well over 1000. The objectives here are to elucidate the differences between the members of the family and help you identify an unknown polypod. First let's separate the family from the rest of the ferns. The principal family characteristics include (glossary at the end): • a creeping rhizome as opposed to an erect or ascending one • fronds usually jointed to the rhizome via phyllopodia • fronds in two rows with a row on either side of the rhizome The aforementioned characters define the family with the major exception of the grammitid group. • mainly epiphytic, occasionally epilithic, rarely terrestrial, never aquatic (unique exception: Microsorum pteropus) Epiphytic fern groups are few: the families Davalliaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Vittariaceae, and some Asplenium and Elaphoglossum.
  • Significance of Gametophyte Form in Tropical, Epiphytic Ferns Cynthia Lynn Dassler Iowa State University

    Significance of Gametophyte Form in Tropical, Epiphytic Ferns Cynthia Lynn Dassler Iowa State University

    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1995 Significance of gametophyte form in tropical, epiphytic ferns Cynthia Lynn Dassler Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Dassler, Cynthia Lynn, "Significance of gametophyte form in tropical, epiphytic ferns " (1995). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 10774. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10774 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directfy from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from ai^ ^pe of coiiq}uter printer. The qnality of this reproduction is dqoendait upon the quality of the copy snbmitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photogrs^hs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and inqvoper alignment can adversety affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note win indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing firom left to right in equal sections with .small overk^.
  • Fern Phylogeny Inferred from 400 Leptosporangiate Species and Three Plastid Genes

    Fern Phylogeny Inferred from 400 Leptosporangiate Species and Three Plastid Genes

    TAXON 56 (4) • November 2007: 1037–1050 Schuettpelz & Pryer • Fern phylogeny Fern phylogeny inferred from 400 leptosporangiate species and three plastid genes Eric Schuettpelz & Kathleen M. Pryer Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, U.S.A. [email protected] (author for correspondence) In an effort to obtain a solid and balanced approximation of global fern phylogeny to serve as a tool for ad- dressing large-scale evolutionary questions, we assembled and analyzed the most inclusive molecular dataset for leptosporangiate ferns to date. Three plastid genes (rbcL, atpB, atpA), totaling more than 4,000 bp, were sequenced for each of 400 leptosporangiate fern species (selected using a proportional sampling approach) and five outgroups. Maximum likelihood analysis of these data yielded an especially robust phylogeny: 80% of the nodes were supported by a maximum likelihood bootstrap percentage ≥ 70. The scope of our analysis provides unprecedented insight into overall fern relationships, not only delivering additional support for the deepest leptosporangiate divergences, but also uncovering the composition of more recently emerging clades and their relationships to one another. KEYWORDS: eupolypods, leptosporangiates, molecular systematics, monilophytes, phylogenetics, polypods, tree of life collaborative study of Hasebe & al. (1995). Although this INTRODUCTION study helped answer many long-standing questions in fern An accurate and robust assessment of phylogeny is systematics (Smith, 1995), it was not without problems. fundamental to a full understanding of evolutionary ori- With about 9,000 extant species in 267 genera (Smith & gins because it provides the overall pattern of historical al., 2006b), leptosporangiate ferns are, after angiosperms, divergence—a framework for exploring both evolution the most diverse lineage of vascular plants.