History of Discovery and Age of Labyrinthodont Remains in the Tatra Mts, Poland*

Prace Muzeum Ziemi Nr 43, 1996 Prace paleozoologiczne PL ISSN 0032-6275

ZBIGNIEW KOTAŃSKI

History of discovery and age of labyrinthodont remains in the Tatra Mts, Poland*

ABSTRACT. History of discovery and studies of labyrinthodont remains ammonites and daonellas as Anisian and Ladinian boundary. The beds from the Western Tatra Mts in Poland is presented. The bony material with labyrinthodonts belong to the Furkaska and Wielkie Koryciska units was collected in 1959 from the Partnach Beds in the Wielkie Koryciska attributed to the Upper Subtatric (Strazov) nappe. Such tectonic position Ravine. The age of sediments yielding the bony remains and marine indicates paleogeographical situation of the beds with amphibian remains invertebrate fossils is precisely defined on the basis of foraminifers, in the central part of the Tethys. Key words: labyrinthodonts, upper Anisian-lower Ladinian, Tatra Mts, Poland.

STRESZCZENIE. Kości labiryntodontów zostały znalezione przez leżące bezpośrednio niżej warstwy z Reifling zawierają konodonty charak- autora pracy w 1959 r. w dolince Wielkie Koryciska w Tatrach Zachod- terystyczne dla górnego anizyku, a leżący powyżej dolomit z Wetterstein nich i przekazane do opracowania dr. Julianowi Kulczyckiemu z Muzeum jest wieku ladyńskiego. Pod względem tektonicznym warstwy z Partnach Ziemi. Kulczycki po wypreparowaniu materiału stwierdził, że reprezen- należą do jednostki Furkaski i jednostki Korycisk, zaliczanych przez tuje on nowy gatunek kapitozaurida. Po długiej przerwie, spowodowanej Kotańskiego do płaszczowiny reglowej górnej (strażowskiej), która jest chorobą i śmiercią Kulczyckiego, opracowaniem tych materiałów, zgodnie nasunięta na płaszczowinę reglową środkową (choczańską), ta zaś z kolei z życzeniem Kulczyckiego, zajęła się dr T. Maryańska. Szczątki labirynto- na płaszczowinę reglową dolną (kriżniańską). Taka pozycja tektoniczna dontów i towarzyszące im okruchy drewna pochodzą z warstw złożonych wyznacza położenie paleogeograficzne warstw z labiryntodontami w z margli i wapieni, zaliczanych w czasie ich odkrycia do retyku. W środku Tetydy. Labiryntodonty musiały zapewne żyć na wyspie koralowej warstwach tych zostały również znalezione amonity, daonelle i inne bez- zbudowanej z wapieni i dolomitów z Wetterstein. Kilka osobników wraz kręgowce morskie świadczące o póżnoanizyjskim-wczesnoladyńskim wie- z okruchami drewna, być może na większych jego kłodach, dostało się ku tych osadów. Na podstawie fauny bezkręgowców i analogii li- podczas burzy tropikalnej do basenu warstw z Partnach. Burze takie tologicznych do AJp Wschodnich, warstwy te uznano za odpowiednik musiały być dość częste w środkowej części oceanu Tetydy. warstw z Partnach. Wiek ten jest pośrednio potwierdzony także tym, że

DISCOVERY OF LABYRINTHODONTS IN THE TATRA MTS

The history of investigations of labyrinthodonts from the Wielkie Koryciska is divided into two Rhaetic synclines. Tatra Mts spans several tens of years. The discovery of the According to Guzik in the spectacular outcrops of this bony remains was connected with the preparation for the region the facies differentiation of the Rhaetian (and Het- 32nd Meeting of the Polish Geological Society which took tangian?) in the Furkaska unit can be observed. place in Zakopane in 1959. At that time I followed the route Walking southwards from the alp (1050 m above sea G2 leading through the Subtatric Series of the Chochołowska level) towards the so-called Drwal's Gully, I observed the Valley to the side Wielkie Koryciska Ravine. In the Cho- remains of rocks sliding into this gully forming a clearly chołowska Valley Guzik (1959, 1961) described the contact visible debris cone. On some surfaces of blocks of the of the Koryciska and Furkaska tectonic units which were, at thick-bedded limestones the broad stems of crinoids, sec- that time, included into the Choć nappe. According to him tions of ammonites and numerous large pelecypods were the contact is found in conjunction with the Rhaetic synclinal observed. The discovery of ammonites in the limestones belt of the Furkaska unit, which beginning.from the alp in the previously considered as Rhaetian was very interesting. Ammonites are extremely rare in the Rhaetian sediments, their relative abundance suggested that the limestones * Text edited by Teresa Maryańska were not Rhaetian but Middle Triassic. The first publica- 48 ZBIGNIEW KOTAŃSKI

(Fig. 1) Professor Kozłowski confirmed my view that Warszawa,dn.9.V. 1960. we were dealing with the remains of labyrinthodont 1АК1АЛ PAUOZOOiOOłl А Им» «ми m m amphibians. The paleontological investigations of labyrinthodont material was charged to Julian Kulczycki, who was a well-known researcher of fossil vertebrates at the Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sci- Do: Pana Dr.Zbigniewa Kotarskiego ences in Warsaw. Kulczycki began preparation Zakład Geologii Dynamicznej U.W. works in November 1959 and continued them in Warszawa,ul.Oboźna 8 1960-1963. The preparation of bony remains in- Otreymane okazy z Tatr okazały się , zgodnie z przypuszoze- volved etching the rocks using acetic and hydroflu- nlem Pana Doktora ,szozątkami płazów tarczogłowych. oric acids, and then coating the bones with paraffins. Jest to bardzo oiekawe i na terenie Polski rzadkie znalezisko. It was soon realized that the prepared bony remains Pożądanym byłoby zebranie większej ilośoi materiału i szcze- were precious paleontological material. In the un- gółowe opracowanie paleontologiczne. Zakład Paleozoologii zwraoa się do Pana Doktora z uprzejmą published account on the studies carried out in 1961 prośbą o wskazanie punktu znalezienia ,aby umożliwić naszym Kulczycki stated that the bony remains represented pracownikom przeprowadzenie eksploatacji wyżej wspomnianych a new species of the capitosaurid labyrinthodonts. szczątków kostnyoh. Informing me about the results of his studies he stated that up till now all bony remains found "fit in the same head". In autumn 1963 Kulczycki conducted the com-

Fig.l plementary field work at the Wielkie Koryciska Ra- The letter of Professor Roman Kozłowski confirming supposition concerning vine and found more bony remains. Some of them labyrinthodont bony remains. fitted into the specimen found by me earlier. We wonder in which way the terrestrial amphibians got into the marine pelagic sediments. Because of presence of the carbonized remnants of wood in the limestones (Fig. 2) we can suppose that amphibians together with pieces of wood where pushed towards sea from land or an island after heavy storm. In 19631 carried out comparative studies in the Eastern Alps, paying attention to the lithological and paleontological analogies between the Triassic of the Tatra Mts and the East-Alpine Triassic (Kotański 1965) and I noticed that marls with intercalation of nodular limestones and cherts occurring in the Chochołowska Valley showed striking resemblance to the Partnach Beds. Their stratigraphical position also corresponds to the position of the Partnach Beds which overlie the Reifling Limestone and are under- lain by the Wetterstein Dolomite. Thus, their age should be precisely determined as upper Anisian - lower Ladinian. We can draw conclusion that the labyrinthodont amphibians from the Tatra Mts should be of the same age. This Fig. 2 suggestion has been proved by later stratigraphical and Carbonized wood fragments transported together with labyrinthodonts from paleontological studies. Kulczycki had scheduled further land to the sea presumably during a tropical storm. field works for 1964, but in spring of that year he became seriously ill. At that time he told me that he did not intend tion mentioned this fact was that by Kotański (1961). In to continue his studies on the labyrinthodont from the 1959 I gathered much more paleontological material in Tatra Mts and asked me to pass the bony material to dr. Wielkie Koryciska Ravine. In addition to ammonites, nau- Teresa Maryańska for further studies. After the death of tiloids, echinoderms and pelecypods I found black bony Kulczycki I asked Maryańska to derive a species name of a remains with a characteristic wavy surface and some frag- new labyrinthodont from Kulczycki's name, we discussed ments of jaws with tiny teeth which I recognized as the also the derivation of generic name from the Tatra Mts. remains of labyrinthodonts. After a long pause, the mentioned material was studied by In autumn 1959 I delivered all the specimens to Pro- Maryańska & Shishkin and described by these authors as a fessor Roman Kozłowski who was at that time the Director new genus and species - Tatrasuchus kulczyckii - of the of the Institute of Paleozoology of the Polish Academy of cyclotosaurid capitosauroids ( Maryańska & Shishkin 1996, Sciences in Warsaw. In a letter dated the 9th of May 1960 this volume, p. 53-83). HISTORY OF DISCOVERY AND AGE OF LABYRINTHODONT REMAINS 49

STRATIGRAPHIC, TECTONIC AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC POSITION OF THE LIMESTONES WITH LABYRINTHODONT REMAINS

There was already a long history of opinions concern- found (Kotański 1961) suggested that the limestones did ing the stratigraphic position of the strata in which the not belong to Rhaetian but to Middle Triassic. Kotański labyrinthodonts were found. The opinions changed many (1965) wrote on lithological analogies between the Triassic times. These strata make a part of the unit which had been from the Tatra Mts and that from Eastern Alps. Further generally called the Choć Dolomite. In view of the fact that data concerning the discovered fauna and its Anisian-early in many places these strata overlie the Cretaceous marls, Ladinian age were also reported by Kotański in 1967. Some which is also seen in the Chochołowska Valley, the Choć descriptions and stratigraphical and tectonic information Dolomite was thought to be of Cretaceous age (Uhlig were included in the Geological guide book to the Tatra Mts 1897). It was not until after the victory of "the nappe (Kotański 1971). revolution" in the Tatra Mts and acceptance of existence Zawidzka (1970) described a rich conodont fauna, as- of great overthrusts that it become obvious that the Choć sociated with fish remains, scolecodonts, holothurian Dolomite is also overthrusted from south, consequently its sclerites, sponge spicules, foraminifers, ostracods and tiny age does not have to be Cretaceous. Based on lithological gastropods, from the Reifling Limestones and concluded analogies and also the remains of calcareous algae found that such assemblage ranges from the upper Anisian in few places in the Inner Carpathians, particularly so at through the lower Ladinian. Most of holothurian sclerites Siwiańskie Turnie (Kuźniar 1913), Goetel (1915) stated described by Zawidzka (1971) are known from upper An- that the Choć Dolomite is of Triassic age. isian. According to Zawidzka (1972) conodonts and Andrusov (1936) conducted research in the frontier holothurian sclerites occur in the platy limestones and nodu- range to the west of the Chochołowska Valley and in lar limestones with cherts which are present at the bottom Orawice. He noticed, that the strata determined as Choć of the marly-shale complex in the Wielkie Koryciska. They Dolomite were very differentiated and they showed great are found neither in the marly limestones nor in the brecci- analogies to the lithostratigraphical members of the East- ated limestones with the carbonized plant detritus of the Alpine Triassic which have been well-known for a long organodetritic limestones which are intercalated with shales time. He distinguished the Norian Hauptdolomite, Lunz nor in the shales themselves which are represented by the Beds (in the Osobita Group), the Reifling Limestones and Partnach Beds. Conodonts which were found at the bottom the associated Partnach Beds. Guzik (1936) strongly re- of Partnach Beds belong to the I, II and III Hirsch zone, futed these views on stratigraphy and stated that the which means that they belong to Protrachyceras reitzi am- Rhaetian age of the horizon regarded by Andrusov as the monite zone of the upper Anisian (Illyrian) to lower Lad- Reifling Limestones is unquestionable. Guzik's interpreta- inian (Fassanian). This span of time fully corresponds with tion was presented on the map (1:10 000) of the Polish the age of the Reifling Limestones with which the Furkaska Tatra Mts (Guzik & Guzik 1958: sheet Furkaska). The limestones were compared. The marly beds lying higher up apparent recurrence of marls and limestones in the Wielkie intercalated with the organodetritic limestones are identical Koryciska was found to be due to fold tectonics with anti- in respect of macrofacies environment with the Partnach clines of the Rhaetic limestones and with synclines of the Beds from the Bavarian Alps (Zawidzka 1972). The shales Liassic marls. Guzik's opinion was adopted by Andrusov which coexist with the organodetritic limestones yielded an (1959 a, b) and confirmed once more by Książkiewicz extremely rich foraminifer detritus of Frondicularia cf. (1977). Guzik in 1959 described the stratigraphical position woodwardi (Zawidzka 1972). The foraminifer assemblage of two units - Furkaska and Koryciska. According to his of the upper Anisian age from the Wielkie Koryciska closely interpretation the Rhaetian in the Furkaska unit is repre- resembles those recorded in the different regions of the sented by two lithological facies: the Kóssen facies with Alpine-Carpathian geosyncline (Gaździcki & Zawidzka coral and brachiopod fauna and by the limestones facies 1973). The foraminifers from the marly Partnach Beds have with cherts similar to the Reifling strata. However, it should been described by Alexandrowicz & Szewczyk (1981). The be noticed that Guzik was not absolutely sure of his theory dominant forms there are represented by Nodosaria genus, and he wrote: "[...] we cannot exclude the possibility that which have also been recorded in both geosynclinal and the belt of chert limestones in the Wielkie Koryciska-Kryta epicontinental Triassic deposits. The assemblage compris- syncline is not of Rhaetian age, but may be older [...] It may ing Nodosaria genus belongs to Illyrian and occurs below be possible that Koryciska unit widens to the west from the the zone of Glomospira densa (Pelsonian-lower Illyrian). Chochołowska Valley and contains under the limestones The rich macrofauna derived from the Partnach Beds (»Choc Dolomite«) the known Reifling-Partnach elements, of the Tatra Mts was described by Kotański (1965, 1967, the platy dolomites and also the Gutenstein Dolomites of 1973 a, b, 1974 b). Among the Triassic ammonites Kotański the Anisian-lower Ladinian age [...]" (Guzik 1959: p. 186). determined the following species: Semiornites lennanus, The fact that in Drwal's Gully in the limestones with Arcestes cf. bramantei, Flexoptychites sp., Ptychites sp., Gym- intercalation of marls, ammonites and other fossils were nites (?) sp. Apart from ammonites the following nautiloids: 50 ZBIGNIEW KOTAŃSKI

Nautilus cf. tintoretti and N. cf. salinańus, and daonellas: Daonella (Daonella) lommeli, D. (D.) cf. taramelli, and D.(D.) tyrolensisparthanensis were determined. Most of the above ammonites and daonellas suggest uppermost An- isian age (Paraceratites trinodosus and Aplococeras av- isianus zones), however the occurrence of the Ladinian species Daonella lommeli and Gymnites (?) sp. may witness that the Partnach Beds are transitional between Anisian and Ladinian. The other macrofauna in these beds is composed of pelecypods, numerous small gastropods, brachiopods as Mentzelia cf. mentzeli, Spiriferina cf. fragilis, Aula- cothyris angustaeformis, echinoids: Miocidaris sp. and Ci- daris sp., numerous thick stems of crinoids, bryozoans, and ostracods. The above mentioned fauna, particularly brachiopods, witness upper Anisian age of the Partnach Beds at Wielkie Koryciska. Thus, the age of the Partnach Beds at Wielkie Kory- ciska is precisely defined on the basis of ammonites, daonellas, brachiopods, and foraminifers. So, the same age should be applied to the labyrinthodont remains. This age was also indirectly confirmed by the fact that the underlying Reifling strata contain conodonts of upper Anisian age Fig. 4 (Zawidzka 1970), but the overlying Wetterstein Dolomite Schematic map showing the distribution of the Middle and Upper Subtatric is of the Ladinian age, based on index-fossils as: Teut- units in the Western Tatra Mts. loporella herculea, T. aequalis and Diplopora annulata 1 - Hightatric unit - cristalline core; 2 - Lower Subtatric Kriżna group of nappes; dolomitica (Kotański 1973 a). The sequence of these beds 3 - Middle Subtatric Choć nappe; Upper Subtatric nappe: 4 - Furkaska unit, is illustrated on Fig. 3. 5 - Koryciska unit; 6 - transgressive Eocene of the Innercarpathian Podhale basin. The paleogeographical position of the Partnach Beds and Lejova Valleys is unquestionable and based on numer- is another problem. All the paleogeographical considera- ous index-fossils such as brachiopod Rhaetina gregaria tions concerning the mountains which show nappe struc- (Guzik 1959), corals (Roniewicz 1974), foraminifers as ture, as for example the Tatra Mts, depend on exact deter- Triasina hantkeni and Glomospirella cf.friedli (Gaździcki & mination of tectonic position of the unit to which the beds Zawidzka 1973; Gaździcki 1984) and conodonts, e.g. belong. The Partnach Beds of the Furkaska unit (Guzik Misikella posthemsteini (Gaździcki 1984). Taking into con- 1936,1959) together with the Koryciska unit were incorpo- sideration the tectonic reasons, the attachment of both rated into the Choć nappe. The Rhaetic beds from the stratigraphical members to the same Furkaska unit was Chochołowska and Lejowa Valleys were also included into impossible. That is why the Partnach Beds were distin- the same nappe. As a consequence of extensive studies the guished only in the Furkaska unit (Fig. 3), while the under- upper Anisian age of the Partnach Beds in the Wielkie lying Rhaetic beds together with the dolomites were incor- Koryciska Ravine was confirmed. On the other hand the porated into the newly distinguished Siwa Woda unit (Ko- Rhaetian age of the limestones from the Chochołowska tański 1973 a, b, c, 1974 a, b), which is overlain by the Furkaska and Koryciska units (Figs 4, 5). On the basis of the facies considerations only the Siwa Woda unit was included into the Middle Subtatric nappe (Choć nappe), whereas the Furkaska and Koryciska units into the Upper Subtatric-Strażov nappe (Kotański 1973 a, b, 1974 a, b, 1976,1977, 1979 a, b, c, 1985 a, b). The attachment of the Furkaska unit to the Strazov nappe, as well as the presence of the Upper Subtatric nappe in the 1 Tatra Mts was questioned e.g. by Passendorfer Furkaska (1978 a, b), Mahel (1979), Michalik & Gaździcki (1980), Gaździcki & Michalik (1980). The above Fig. 3 authors included all these units into the Choć Geological section across Furkaska and Wielkie Koryciska units. Triassic of the Upper Subtatric (Strazov) nappe thrusted over the Cretaceous of the Lower Subtatric (Kriżna) nappe. nappe. Recently, opinion concerning the attach- Lower Subtatric (Kriżna) nappe: 1 - Lower Cretaceous marls; Upper Subtatric (Strażov) nappe: 2 - ment of the Furkaska and Koryciska units into Anisian saccharoid and piaty dolomites, 3 - upper Anisian Reifling Limestones. 4 - Partnach Beds with the Upper Subtatric (Strazov) nappe has become very rich upper Anisian marine fossils and labyrinthodont bones, 5 - Wetterstein Dolomite; 6 - transgressivc Eocene beds. almost commonly accepted (Lefeld 1979, 1984: HISTORY OF DISCOVERY AND AGE OF LABYRINTHODONT REMAINS 51

Wieczorek 1984; Iwanow & Wieczorek 1987; sw NE I WSW ENE Wieczorek 1989). Furkosko 14005 Wielkie Explanation of the tectonic-facies attach- Zgmcasko 1339,6 Mote ment of the Furkaska unit to the Upper Sub- Zomcrysko Wie|k, Koryciska Mflfe tatric nappe is of primary importance for de- Koryciska Siwiańskje Turrne 1069,9 termination of the paleogeographical position of the beds with labyrinthodonts. The Strazov nappe has a distinctive southern character and occupied definite position in the Tethys geosyncline. It is a counterpart of the Upper Aus- tro-Alpine (Tyrolian) nappes from the East- ern Alps and also some Transylvanian nappes 3 rtrrvt? н JEJ 2 of the Eastern Carpathians. The isopic zones are spread over great distances in the Tethys Fig. 5 (Ryszkiewicz 1979). The Hightatric-Kriżna- Geological section along the frontier crest on the western side of the Chochołowska Valley. Vepor zone made during the Middle Triassic Lower Subtatric (Kriżna) group of nappes (pB - Bobrowiec partial nappe, Parządczak scale): 1 - Jurassic the northern carbonate platform and was limestones and Neocomian marls; Middle Subtatric (Choć) group of nappes (pSiW - Siwa Woda partial nappe): separated by basin deposits of the Choć zone 2 - Upper Triassic dolomites and limestones belonging mainly to the Upper Triassic Hauptdolomite. including Rhaetian of Kossen facies, in normal position; Upper Subtatric (Straiov) group of nappes (Furkaska-Koryciska from the southern carbonate platform, which partial nappe, łF - Furkaska scale, łK - Koryciska scale): 3 - middle Anisian Ramsau Dolomite, 4 - upper was composed of the North-Gemer and Anisian Reifling Limestone, 5 - upper Anisian-lower Ladinian Partnach Beds, 6 - Ladinian-lower Carnian Wetterstein Dolomite; 7 - transgressive Eocene beds. Strazov zones (the latter was situated on the border of the Choć zone, Fig. 6). To the south from the Gemer zone in the Biikk Mts in Hungary there was the Triassic continental rift, which constituted a nucleus of the later oceanic rift. From there originated the vol- FATRIC TATRIC canic ash which was found in the Partnach VEPOR PIENINY Beds in the Wielkie Koryciska Ravine (Ko- tański 1979 a, b, 1985 a, b; Lefeld 1979). Fig. 6 An environmental model of the jointing Schematic palinspastic section through Internal Carpathians during the Middle Triassic time. between the carbonate platform of the Wet- The northern carbonate platform is separated from the southern one (North Gemer and Strazov) terstein limestones or dolomites and the basin by basinal Choć sediments. of the Partnach Beds is illustrated on Fig. 7. Kotański wrote: "Findings of the labyrinthodont amphibians, living in the terrestial envi- Vodose Pisolitic Crusts Dosyclodoceon Backreef Sands ond Faciei ronment are very rare, but the discovery of Coral Heads very-well preserved skull of labyrinthodont in Reef Knolls the marine sediments of the Upper Subtatric Reef Debris Forereef Debris and nappe in the Tatra Mts is due to an unusual Forereef Internbreccias coincidence" (Kotański 1977: p. 496). The Debris Flows labyrinthodonts had to live on coral island Pro*imol Turbidltes which was built of the Wetterstein limestones Initial Reef Growth and dolomites - probably it might be an atoll (Kotański 1985 a: p. 551). A few individuals of them were drifted by ocean current on a piece

S • solenoporacean of wood and they were deposited in the basin Corol Biocoenoses of the Partnach Beds. Probably, this situation TY » Tubiphytes Zone С » Colcisponge — Hydroioan was caused by a tropical storm; this kind of Corol Community storms had to be frequent in the middle part T • Thecosmilia —Thaumato- porella Biocoenoses of the Tethys ocean.

Zbigniew Kotański Fig. 7 Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny Environmental model of the platform-basin setting (Kotański 1985). ul. Rakowiecka 4 02-517 Warszawa, Poland 6 ZBIGNIEW KOTAŃSKI

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