Contested Space – Contested Heritage: Sources on the Displacement of Cultural Objects in the 20th Century Alpine Adriatic Region

edited by Donata Levi and Michael Wedekind

co-authors: Ivan Alduk, Daria Brasca, Francesca Coccolo, Eleonora Dal Paos, Ljerka Dulibić, Ivan Ferenčak, Elena Franchi, Christian Fuhrmeister, Franci Lazarini, Donata Levi, Antonija Mlikota, Barbara Murovec, Iva Pasini Tržec, Anneliese Schallmeiner, Maria Tischner, Valeria Toscano, Martina Visentin, Barbara Vodopivec, Michael Wedekind

Foreword by Christian Fuhrmeister

The Alpine-Adriatic Region: An Outline of its 20th Century History by Michael Wedekind 1. A Fluid Concept 2. First World War and Peace Treaties 3. Border Issues and Revisionism in the Aftermath of the Paris Peace Treaties 4. On the Way to Dictatorship 5. The Second World War 6. The Post-World War II Period

Maps

List of Archives

THE FIRST WORLD WAR: CULTURAL HERITAGE - ENDANGERED, DAMAGED, DESTROYED

I. SAFEGUARDING ON WAR THEATRES: THE AUSTRO-ITALIAN FRONT 1. [Individual initiatives to remove art objects from war areas] 2. [On building a staff of art history and monument protection experts supporting the highest Austro-Hungarian field commands on the Austrian South-western Front] 3. [Official initiatives to remove art objects from war areas]

II. BELLS, ORGANS AND CHURCH ROOFS INTO WEAPONS 4. Collection of metalware, church bells 5. Requisition of church bells 6. Copper roofs 7. [Request to exclude a historical bell from requisition] 8. On the requisition of bells 9. List of church bells of the parish district to be consigned for military armament 10. Identification of church bells existing at the reference date 11. [Estimate of organ in the Capuchin church in Celje, Lower Styria] 12. [Damages to churches in small villages of Friuli] 13. [Damages to churches in small villages of Friuli]

III. CULTURAL HERITAGE OF FRIULI DURING THE AUSTRO-GERMAN OCCUPATION (1917-18) 14. Tasks of German Art Officers 15. Report on activities in the period from 15 July to 15 August 1918 16. [Art objects as collateral or pawn]

ENTANGLED IN THE NET OF CONTRASTING NATIONALISMS: CULTURAL HERITAGE DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD

IV. REDEFINING IDENTITIES 17. Removal from the City Park in Ptuj [Slovenia] of a statue dedicated to the Austrian Emperor Joseph II in 1918

V. STRUGGLING FOR ART: WAR DAMAGES, CLAIMS AND RESTITUTIONS 18. Report on the removal of art objects from formerly enemy-invaded provinces 19. Damaged monuments and works of art removed by the enemy 20. Report on the recovery of private art objects and furniture 21. List of paintings removed by Austrians and retrieved by the Italian Supreme Command in Carinthia (temporarily stored at the Superintendent Office of Venice) 22. Art historical claims 23. [Italian claims for restitutions of archaeological objects] 24. [Publication on art protection during the war reporting Austro-German efforts to protect cultural artefacts] 25. [On a French inventory of Austrian art objects]

VI. STRENGTHENING A FEELING OF NATIONAL IDENTITY: THE CASE OF ZADAR 26. Zadar. Requests and offers of objects of the National Museum of Zadar 27. [A view of the interior of the National Museum of Zadar]

VII. RECURRENT DISPUTES ON ART OBJECTS 28. Memorandum on the restitution of 191 Tiepolo drawings and a wooden statue, the property of the Town Museum of Trieste (Sartorio donation), transferred to the Museum of Ljubljana in 1916 29. Report on post-1919 restitution negotiations between Italy and Yugoslavia 30. Attems Gallery in Graz, Export of a painting by Godfried Maes to Yugoslavia

«NEUE ORDNUNG»: NAZI AND FASCIST STRATEGIES FOR REARRANGING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

VIII. ITALIAN SAFEGUARDING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN BORDER AREAS 31. [Carlo Someda de Marco, director of the Town Museum of Udine, entrusted with defending cultural heritage in the province of Udine] 32. [A View of the Interior of Villa Manin in Passariano used as deposit for artworks] 33. Safeguarding of art heritage [of Friuli, the Julian March and Istria] 34. [Protection of Giovanni Martini’s altarpiece in the Dome of Mortegliano] 35. Report: Gorizia – Transport of the so-called Morelliano Archive to Tarvisio 36. Transport of artworks from the Julian March to Venice

IX. THE ITALIAN OCCUPATION OF SLOVENIA, 1941-1943: THE ILLUSION OF A CULTURAL POLICY 37. [Restitution of artworks to the Trieste Town Museum after the Italian occupation of Ljubljana] 38. Purchase of artworks

X. GERMAN OCCUPATION OF SLOVENIA, 1941-1945: «MACHEN SIE MIR DIESES LAND WIEDER DEUTSCH!» 39. Establishment in Maribor of a branch office of the General Trustee for the Safeguarding of Cultural Assets 40. [On internal conflicts between German occupation authorities concerning the seizure of cultural assets in Upper Carniola]

XI. NAZI STRATEGIES IN COMPARISON: SOUTH TYROL, 1940-1945 41. Report on the activity of the team «Art» of the Kulturkommission; Addendum to the final report on the activities of the team «Art» of the Kulturkommission; Extent and Place of storage of the scientific material produced by the team «Art» of the Kulturkommission, Bolzano 42. Kočevje art heritage 43. [Slovenian artworks exhibited in Ptuj] 44. [Request for seizure of documents from Italian archives and libraries]

XII. NATIONALIZING CROATIAN ART (1941-1945) 45. Report on the Implementation of the Legal provision concerning the prohibition of removing and exporting ancient artistic, cultural, historical and natural monuments from the territory of the Independent State of Croatia, no LXXVIII-135. Z. p. 1941, of 12 May 1941 46. Display of the Baptismal Font of Duke Višeslav in front of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, August 1942

XIII. TRIESTE, A LAST WAY-OUT: JEWISH EMIGRANTS AND THEIR CULTURAL ASSETS 47. Application for an export authorization by Viktor Fürth 48. Summary list of assets confiscated according to the Prefect’s decree no. 1100/12490, dating 11 May 1943 - XXI 49. Household effects of Jewish emigrants / Enemy property 50. «Adria» Company of Trieste

XIV. THE CONFISCATION OF JEWISH CULTURAL ASSETS: FROM FASCIST TO NAZI PERSECUTION 51. [Transfers of real estates and commercial and industrial companies, listed according to competent Revenue Offices] 52. [Report of the Jewish community of Trieste regarding the Synagogue’s devastation] 53. Fire at the Synagogue of Trieste 54. Protection of artworks: removal of Mario Morpurgo’s property 55. [Defending Italian sovereignty over the art heritage] 56. Seizure of Jewish-owned art works 57. [Memo for the German embassy] 58. Conversation with the Gauleiter and Reich Governor (Reichsstatthalter), held in Klagenfurt on 17 July 1944 59. [Portrait of Sinigallia family in Terzo] 60. Inspection of administrative procedures of Division 4 within the Finance Department of the Supreme Commissioner, concerning the financial management of Jewish properties. Report by Dr. Friedrich Moc, former Chief of Section 61. [Shipment of artworks from the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral to Germany] 62. Personal Report on the «Adria» Company, Trieste

THE AFTERMATH OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR: CULTURAL ASSETS CLAIMED, RESTITUTED, RETAINED

XV. THE RESTITUTION OF JEWISH CULTURAL ASSETS IN THE FREE TERRITORY OF TRIESTE 63. Theft of paintings and engravings to the detriment of Mr. Gino Pincherle, lawyer in Trieste 64. [Unclaimed assets to be given to the Jewish Community of Trieste]

XVI. THE ALLIES AND ART RESTITUTIONS: THE CASE OF ZADAR 65. Zara: Report on War Damage to Monuments and Movable Works of Art Known to be Stored in Italy

XVII. CULTURAL OBJECTS IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA: POLICIES OF APPROPRIATION AND REDISTRIBUTION (1947-1966) 66. Certification [of artworks consigned by the Federal Collecting Centre to the Presidency of the Government of Slovenia] 67. [Letter by Tone Fajfar to the Federal Collecting Centre] 68. [Bust of Germanicus restituted to Ljubljana] 69. [Illegal exports from Croatia] 70. [Distribution of sequestered artworks to museums] 71. Treatment of stored cultural objects, left by their owners during the occupation

XVIII. COLD WAR SHADOWS IN A BORDERLAND REGION 72. [Protection of artworks]

XIX. ITALY AND YUGOSLAVIA: CLAIMS, REPARATIONS AND RESTITUTIONS (1947-1961) 73. Restitutions to Yugoslavia 74. The Carpaccio issue 75. Pula - Museum of Istria 76. Italo-Yugoslav negotiations on cultural assets. Restitution of paintings 77. Report to the Minister on the project of an Italian-Yugoslav agreement for cultural heritage 78. [Information on the (last) meeting of the Italian and Slovenian Restitution Delegations in Trieste]

XX. FOR THE SAKE OF YUGOSLAVIA AND SELF-CELEBRATION: THE MIMARA DONATIONS 79. The Ante Mimara Collection of Paintings and Sculptures 80. [Art objects in protocol photographs] 81. [Topić Mimara’s donation to the Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters in Zagreb]

IN PLACE OF AN EPILOGUE: ISTRIAN ARTWORKS IN ITALY 83. [Customs clearance of church property]

Biographical notes

List of place names

Bibliography

Appendix 1: Time, Places, Borders: An Overview

Appendix 2: Maps 1939-1945