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'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors. -
H.J.R. 1130 GENERAL ASSEMBLY of NORTH CAROLINA May 18, 2016 SESSION 2015 HOUSE PRINCIPAL CLERK H D HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION DRHJR40621-LG-143C (04/05)
H.J.R. 1130 GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA May 18, 2016 SESSION 2015 HOUSE PRINCIPAL CLERK H D HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION DRHJR40621-LG-143C (04/05) Sponsors: Representatives Pittman, Speciale, Brody, and Ford (Primary Sponsors). Referred to: 1 A JOINT RESOLUTION CONCERNING THE COMMITMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF 2 THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA TO THE PRINCIPLES AND THE ENFORCEMENT 3 OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF 4 AMERICA, WHILE HONORING THE MEMORY OF WILLIE JONES OF HALIFAX 5 COUNTY, DAVID CALDWELL OF GUILFORD COUNTY, AND OTHER NORTH 6 CAROLINA CITIZENS AND THE INFLUENCE THEY HAD ON THE CREATION AND 7 ADOPTION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS. 8 Whereas, the State of North Carolina was 12th among the original 13 States to ratify 9 the United States Constitution; and 10 Whereas, the State of North Carolina refused to ratify the United States Constitution 11 unless a Bill of Rights was added, guaranteeing the freedom and rights of the People and the 12 ability of the States to govern themselves in all matters in regard to which the United States 13 Constitution did not expressly grant authority to the federal government; and 14 Whereas, anti-federalists who insisted upon a Bill of Rights included Willie Jones of 15 Halifax County, who not only served as a member of the commission that drafted the first State 16 Constitution of the State of North Carolina and as a member of the House of Commons throughout 17 the Revolution, but also served one term in the Continental Congress in 1780; and 18 Whereas, David Caldwell of -
North Carolina's Federalists in an Evolving Public
NORTH CAROLINA’S FEDERALISTS IN AN EVOLVING PUBLIC SPHERE, 1790-1810 Scott King-Owen A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina at Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of North Carolina at Wilmington 2006 Approved by Advisory Committee _______Dr. Chris Fonvielle_______ _________Dr. Paul Townend__________ __________Dr. Alan Watson________ Chair Accepted by ______________________________ Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv DEDICATION.................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1 – NORTH CAROLINA AND ITS FEDERALIST LEADERSHIP........... 16 CHAPTER 2 – PRESS AND PUBLIC IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY................. 44 CHAPTER 3 – WILLIAM BOYLAN, FEDERALIST PARTISAN ............................... 68 CHAPTER 4 – THE WAR OF THE EDITORS ............................................................. -
North Carolina Considers the Constitution
Notre Dame Law School NDLScholarship Journal Articles Publications 1987 Law and the Experience of Politics in Late Eighteenth-Century North Carolina: North Carolina Considers the Constitution Walter F. Pratt Notre Dame Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Legal History Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Walter F. Pratt, Law and the Experience of Politics in Late Eighteenth-Century North Carolina: North Carolina Considers the Constitution, 22 Wake Forest L. Rev. 577 (1987). Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/378 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAW AND THE EXPERIENCE OF POLITICS IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY NORTH CAROLINA: NORTH CAROLINA CONSIDERS THE CONSTITUTION Walter F. Pratt,Jr.* In mid-summer 1788, nearly three hundred delegates assembled in Hillsborough to consider whether North Carolina would ratify the Consti- tution drafted the previous year in Philadelphia.1 When the convention began the delegates were certain of two facts: First, regardless of their decision, a government would soon be established; ten states had already ratified the Constitution, one more than necessary.2 Second, the oppo- nents of the Constitution knew they had a substantial majority in the * Associate Professor of Law, University of Notre Dame. I am indebted to the editors of the Documentary History of the Constitutional Convention at the University of Wiscon- sin, Madison, for so graciously allowing me access to their files. -
Some Neglected History of North Carolina, Being an Account of The
SOME NEGLECTED HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA —5.-."»%«^ %,i, ii-.:. A PLAN of tKe Camp ami Battle of Alamance, tlaeitf 'May 777/ Between the Provincials of NortK Carolina Commanded By His ExceUency Govcrnw- TRYON and the Rebels who /fyled themselves Re^uUtors Surveyd aad Draww By C.J.SanlWr FRONTISPIECE Explanation a.CtAvi& stvitun C.Artiilcry J.Oratig«Div?» cCwrttrct Div." t.NewHai\ov«r dW g.JoHnson Div<^' b-Bolts Div.»- l-OnslawDiv-"- K.'Ra.-ageis. I.LigKt Hone m. Enemy n Eiumyl) Camp, By permission of Mr. Marshall DeLancey Haywood V,:;''- A PLAN o{ the. Camp and Battle of AlaraAnce^tKcitf "May 777/ Between the Provincialo of NortK Carolina Commaudccl By His Excellency Govcrnoi* TKYON and the Rebels whoJlyW themselves Rctful&tors Surveys and DT«wn By C.J.Sanlmcr DeLancey Haywood By permission 0/ Mr. Marshall FRONTISriECE SOME NEGLECTED HIS- TORY OF NORTH CAROLINA BEING AN ACCOUNT OF THE REVOLUTION OF THE REGULATORS AND OF THE BATTLE OF ALAMANCE, THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION BY WILLIAM EDWARD FITCH, M.D. FIRST LIEUT. MED. RES. CORPS, U. S. A. Author "Some Things the Colony of North Carolina Did and Did First in the Founding of English-SpeakingAmer- iea," The Origin, Rise and Downfall of the State of Franklin, Under Her First and Only Governor, John Sevier; Member of the Connecticut Society of the Cincinnati ; the New York Society of the Founders and Patriots of America; the New York Society of Colonial Wars, and the Washington Continental Guard. SECOND EDITION (Copyrighted) P3 O published^y"§he author 325 WESW^145f5 STREET NEW §PR© CITY d DEDICATED Hon. -
Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina James Matthew Am C Donald Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Politics of the personal in the old north state: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina James Matthew aM c Donald Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Mac Donald, James Matthew, "Politics of the personal in the old north state: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3625. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3625 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. POLITICS OF THE PERSONAL IN THE OLD NORTH STATE: GRIFFITH RUTHERFORD IN REVOLUTIONARY NORTH CAROLINA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The Department of History By James M. Mac Donald B.A., University of Delaware, 1995 M.A., Appalachian State University, 1997 May, 2006 To My Parents ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my committee for their support and suggestions during the writing of my dissertation. As a student, I had the good fortune of taking seminars with each member beginning with my first graduate class at LSU. Mark Thompson became director late in the course of the project and generously agreed to chair the committee during the last semester. -
Origins of Jacksonian Political Economy in Tennessee, 1768-1830
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2019 Origins of Jacksonian Political Economy in Tennessee, 1768-1830 Matthew Joseph Menarchek University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Menarchek, Matthew Joseph, "Origins of Jacksonian Political Economy in Tennessee, 1768-1830. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5737 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Matthew Joseph Menarchek entitled "Origins of Jacksonian Political Economy in Tennessee, 1768-1830." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Daniel Feller, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Robert J. Norrell, Luke E. Harlow, Sharon Ann Murphy Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Origins of Jacksonian Political Economy in Tennessee, 1768-1830 A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Matthew Joseph Menarchek December 2019 Copyright © 2019 by Matthew Joseph Menarchek All rights reserved. -
Origins of the Virginia Southside, 1703-1753 : a Social and Economic Study
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1972 Origins of the Virginia Southside, 1703-1753 : a social and economic study Michael Lee Nicholls College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Nicholls, Michael Lee, "Origins of the Virginia Southside, 1703-1753 : a social and economic study" (1972). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623660. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-vygg-2v47 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page{s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages.to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. -
The Halifax Resolves” (See Slide 57)
North Carolina’s Founding Fathers www.carolana.com J.D. Lewis © 2018 – J.D. Lewis – All Rights Reserved Little River, SC Terms of Use: Any or all parts of this slideshow may be used by anyone for any purpose free of charge – with one stipulation. The user must cite “www.carolana.com” as the source and may not alter any material used. 2 Table of Contents Topic Slide No. Quick Lookback at Representative Gov’t 4 NC Quick Lookback (1629 to 1775) 10 NC Provincial Government (1774-1776) 35 NC State Government (1776-1790) 62 Sources 159 Appendix A – NC Founding Fathers by County 162 3 Quick Lookback at Representative Government 4 Ancient Democracies, Republics & Constitutions • Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century BC in the Greek city-state of Athens. Spread to other city-states. • It was a system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. This was not considered to be a “representative government,” however. • To vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a slave, or a woman. • Leaders elected at random by citizens. • Solonian Constitution drafted in 594 BC. Greek Senate c. 450 BC • Indian City State of Vaishali functioned as what would be called a Republic. There were other similar city-states, all in northern India. • Decision making by voting of two primary groups: Martial or warrior class Trade guilds/agriculturists class • Code of Manu issued in 3rd Century BC. North Indian Assembly c.400 BC • Two Consuls – executive leaders • Senate comprised of 300 upper class citizens • Tribune comprised of 10 lower class citizens • Citizen Assemblies (adult males only) • Two-party system – Patricians & Plebians • Leaders elected lower members • Considered to be a Republic • 12 Tables (constitution-like) codified in 450 BC. -
GENERAL ASSEMBLY of NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2015 H 2 HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 1130 Committee Substitute Favorable 6/14/16
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2015 H 2 HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 1130 Committee Substitute Favorable 6/14/16 Sponsors: Referred to: May 19, 2016 1 A JOINT RESOLUTION CONCERNING THE COMMITMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF 2 THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA TO THE PRINCIPLES AND THE ENFORCEMENT 3 OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF 4 AMERICA AND THE NORTH CAROLINA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS, WHILE 5 HONORING THE MEMORY OF WILLIE JONES OF HALIFAX COUNTY, DAVID 6 CALDWELL OF GUILFORD COUNTY, AND OTHER NORTH CAROLINA CITIZENS 7 AND THE INFLUENCE THEY HAD ON THE CREATION AND ADOPTION OF THE 8 BILL OF RIGHTS AND THE NORTH CAROLINA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. 9 Whereas, the State of North Carolina was 12th among the original 13 States to ratify 10 the United States Constitution; and 11 Whereas, the State of North Carolina refused to ratify the United States Constitution 12 unless a Bill of Rights was added, guaranteeing the freedom and rights of the People and the 13 ability of the States to govern themselves in all matters in which the United States Constitution did 14 not explicitly grant authority to the federal government; and 15 Whereas, the anti-federalists, who insisted upon a Bill of Rights, included Willie Jones 16 of Halifax County, who not only served as a member of the commission that drafted the first State 17 Constitution of the State of North Carolina and as a member of the House of Commons throughout 18 the Revolution but also served one term in the Continental Congress in 1780; and 19 Whereas, David Caldwell -
Wall Family History
James L. (Lou) Poole Not For Publication 328 Forest Grove Drive, Richardson, TX 75080 [email protected] Book 3, Chapter 4 Wall Family (Revised and Expanded) The Wall family is connected to the Covington family through the marriage of Ann (Nancy) Wall to John Covington on 26 July 17701 as his second wife. The Covington family is then connected to the Gathings family [Chapter 2] through the marriage of Martha Wall Covington to James J. Gathings on 5 April 1838.2 Their daughters, Mattie (Martha Wall Texanna) and Emma Davis Gathings, both married James McCown [Chapter 1]. NOTE TO THE READER: The following Wall family lineage is in large part based on circum- stantial evidence and as such must be labeled speculation! There is no doubt in my mind that we are descended from the Wall family of southern Virginia. Our problem is just how we are de- scended. Almost every Covington family author asserts that John Covington [Chapter 3] of Rich- mond County, North Carolina, married Nancy Wall, and it is from her that we are descended. Many of the ensuing generations of the Covingtons used “Wall” and “Poythress” (a Wall family maternal branch) as middle names. We know from the Covington family history that Nancy Wall had at least two brothers in North Carolina: John and William Wall. John Covington married Nancy Wall on 26 July 1770,3 and she bore him nine children over the next dozen or so years, probably indicating that she could have been born between about 1740 and 1750. Her brothers were supposedly born about 1744 and 1746. -
Lindley Butler Collection
Lindley Butler Collection Repository: Rockingham Co. Historical Collections Gerald B. James Library Rockingham Community College P. O. Box 38 Wentworth, NC 27375 Title: Lindley Butler Collection Accession No.: 00-004 Extent: 9 boxes Provenance: Donated by Dr. Lindley S. Butler, Professor Emeritus at Rockingham Community College Inclusive Dates: 1968-1996 Subject Headings: Butler, Lindley S. Rockingham County (N. C.) – History Wright Tavern Items Separated: Photographs in the Photo Archives-Private Collection filed under “Lindley Butler Collection” Related Collections: Preferred Citation: Lindley Butler Collection. 00-004. Rockingham Co. Historical Collections, Gerald B. James Library, Rockingham Community College. Descriptive Note: This collection is comprised of an assortment of materials. Included are papers, correspondence, bibliographies, maps, newspapers clippings and photographs that highlight people and places of Rockingham County and surrounding areas. There is a special emphasis on the Wright Tavern (see Box 8). Much of this collection is material that Dr. Butler would have used in the classroom when he was a history professor at Rockingham Community College. Contents: BOX 1: 3 original bags, Leaksville Milling 10 Rockingham County Bicentennial posters Assorted maps 3 Federal Population Censuses dated 1910, 1900 and 1790-1890 1 sprinkler head from one of Spray Mills 1 copy Field Medical Services at the Battle of Manassas 1 envelope addressed to Mrs. Cate from Pipkin containing correspondence and one cassette tape 1 small manila