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'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors. -
The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2021 "Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley" : The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination William R. Tharp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6707 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley” The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University By. William R. Tharp Dr. Carolyn Eastman, Advisor Associate Professor, Department of History Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia 14 May 2021 Tharp 1 © William R. Tharp 2021 All Rights Reserved Tharp 2 Abstract Along the banks of the Susquehanna River in early July 1778, a force of about 600 Loyalist and Native American raiders won a lopsided victory against 400 overwhelmed Patriot militiamen and regulars in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. While not well-known today, this battle—the Battle of Wyoming—had profound effects on the Revolutionary War and American culture and politics. Quite familiar to early Americans, this battle’s remembrance influenced the formation of national identity and informed Americans’ perceptions of their past and present over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. -
David Fanning and Retaliatory Violence Between Tories and Whigs in the Revolutionary Carolinas
“Blood for blood”: David Fanning and Retaliatory Violence between Tories and Whigs in the Revolutionary Carolinas By: Gregory Mayr History 586: Advanced Seminar in History Kansas State University Spring 2014 Professor Louise Breen Abstract This paper, relying primarily on Loyalist Colonel David Fanning’s personal narrative of the American Revolution, will argue that Fanning applied, in some of his actions, a form of retributive reasoning similar to that described by Historians Wayne E. Lee and Jeffrey J. Crow as typical for the revolutionary Carolinas. In Fanning’s case, the code by which he decided what to do in given situations was more complex than a one-dimensional law of retaliation; Fanning made an effort to incorporate conventional forms of honor into his actions, but harbored a great deal of distrust for his adversaries that came out of the experiences he had during the Revolution with his Whig opponents. His targets were purposive, aimed at Whig leadership, supplies and government officials. Fanning’s level of violence escalated toward the end of the revolution due to his genuine disdain for the rebels and his resentment at fighting what he eventually acknowledged to be a losing war. Keywords: Fanning; Retaliation; Retribution; lex talionis; Burke 2 On 28 February 1782, the infamous loyalist partisan David Fanning wrote a cold and threatening letter of protest to Governor Thomas Burke of North Carolina. The Whig government had hanged “three of my men, one Captain and two privates,” and was detaining an additional “Captain and six men under the sentence of death.”1 Fanning knew that the British cause had entered its death throes with the definitive American victory at Yorktown, Virginia, in October, 1781, but fighting units remained mobilized until the signing of the peace treaty in 1783, and in the meantime governments throughout the former colonies had to make decisions about how to deal with the militia men who continued the civil war in the southern frontier. -
H.J.R. 1130 GENERAL ASSEMBLY of NORTH CAROLINA May 18, 2016 SESSION 2015 HOUSE PRINCIPAL CLERK H D HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION DRHJR40621-LG-143C (04/05)
H.J.R. 1130 GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA May 18, 2016 SESSION 2015 HOUSE PRINCIPAL CLERK H D HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION DRHJR40621-LG-143C (04/05) Sponsors: Representatives Pittman, Speciale, Brody, and Ford (Primary Sponsors). Referred to: 1 A JOINT RESOLUTION CONCERNING THE COMMITMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF 2 THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA TO THE PRINCIPLES AND THE ENFORCEMENT 3 OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF 4 AMERICA, WHILE HONORING THE MEMORY OF WILLIE JONES OF HALIFAX 5 COUNTY, DAVID CALDWELL OF GUILFORD COUNTY, AND OTHER NORTH 6 CAROLINA CITIZENS AND THE INFLUENCE THEY HAD ON THE CREATION AND 7 ADOPTION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS. 8 Whereas, the State of North Carolina was 12th among the original 13 States to ratify 9 the United States Constitution; and 10 Whereas, the State of North Carolina refused to ratify the United States Constitution 11 unless a Bill of Rights was added, guaranteeing the freedom and rights of the People and the 12 ability of the States to govern themselves in all matters in regard to which the United States 13 Constitution did not expressly grant authority to the federal government; and 14 Whereas, anti-federalists who insisted upon a Bill of Rights included Willie Jones of 15 Halifax County, who not only served as a member of the commission that drafted the first State 16 Constitution of the State of North Carolina and as a member of the House of Commons throughout 17 the Revolution, but also served one term in the Continental Congress in 1780; and 18 Whereas, David Caldwell of -
Valentine Morgan S1567
Southern Campaigns American Revolution Pension Statements & Rosters Pension application of Valentine Morgan S1567 f12NC Transcribed by Will Graves 5/15/09: rev'd 6/3/17 [Methodology: Spelling, punctuation and/or grammar have been corrected in some instances for ease of reading and to facilitate searches of the database. Where the meaning is not compromised by adhering to the spelling, punctuation or grammar, no change has been made. Corrections or additional notes have been inserted within brackets or footnotes. Blanks appearing in the transcripts reflect blanks in the original. A bracketed question mark indicates that the word or words preceding it represent(s) a guess by me. The word 'illegible' or 'indecipherable' appearing in brackets indicates that at the time I made the transcription, I was unable to decipher the word or phrase in question. Only materials pertinent to the military service of the veteran and to contemporary events have been transcribed. Affidavits that provide additional information on these events are included and genealogical information is abstracted, while standard, 'boilerplate' affidavits and attestations related solely to the application, and later nineteenth and twentieth century research requests for information have been omitted. I use speech recognition software to make all my transcriptions. Such software misinterprets my southern accent with unfortunate regularity and my poor proofreading skills fail to catch all misinterpretations. Also, dates or numbers which the software treats as numerals rather -
Claimed Studios Self Reliance Music 779
I / * A~V &-2'5:~J~)0 BART CLAHI I.t PT. BT I5'HER "'XEAXBKRS A%9 . AFi&Lkz.TKB 'GMIG'GCIKXIKS 'I . K IUOF IH I tt J It, I I" I, I ,I I I 681 P U B L I S H E R P1NK FLOWER MUS1C PINK FOLDER MUSIC PUBLISH1NG PINK GARDENIA MUSIC PINK HAT MUSIC PUBLISHING CO PINK 1NK MUSIC PINK 1S MELON PUBL1SHING PINK LAVA PINK LION MUSIC PINK NOTES MUS1C PUBLISHING PINK PANNA MUSIC PUBLISHING P1NK PANTHER MUSIC PINK PASSION MUZICK PINK PEN PUBLISHZNG PINK PET MUSIC PINK PLANET PINK POCKETS PUBLISHING PINK RAMBLER MUSIC PINK REVOLVER PINK ROCK PINK SAFFIRE MUSIC PINK SHOES PRODUCTIONS PINK SLIP PUBLISHING PINK SOUNDS MUSIC PINK SUEDE MUSIC PINK SUGAR PINK TENNiS SHOES PRODUCTIONS PiNK TOWEL MUSIC PINK TOWER MUSIC PINK TRAX PINKARD AND PZNKARD MUSIC PINKER TONES PINKKITTI PUBLISH1NG PINKKNEE PUBLISH1NG COMPANY PINKY AND THE BRI MUSIC PINKY FOR THE MINGE PINKY TOES MUSIC P1NKY UNDERGROUND PINKYS PLAYHOUSE PZNN PEAT PRODUCTIONS PINNA PUBLISHING PINNACLE HDUSE PUBLISHING PINOT AURORA PINPOINT HITS PINS AND NEEDLES 1N COGNITO PINSPOTTER MUSIC ZNC PZNSTR1PE CRAWDADDY MUSIC PINT PUBLISHING PINTCH HARD PUBLISHING PINTERNET PUBLZSH1NG P1NTOLOGY PUBLISHING PZO MUSIC PUBLISHING CO PION PIONEER ARTISTS MUSIC P10TR BAL MUSIC PIOUS PUBLISHING PIP'S PUBLISHING PIPCOE MUSIC PIPE DREAMER PUBLISHING PIPE MANIC P1PE MUSIC INTERNATIONAL PIPE OF LIFE PUBLISHING P1PE PICTURES PUBLISHING 882 P U B L I S H E R PIPERMAN PUBLISHING P1PEY MIPEY PUBLISHING CO PIPFIRD MUSIC PIPIN HOT PIRANA NIGAHS MUSIC PIRANAHS ON WAX PIRANHA NOSE PUBL1SHING P1RATA MUSIC PIRHANA GIRL PRODUCTIONS PIRiN -
North Carolina's Federalists in an Evolving Public
NORTH CAROLINA’S FEDERALISTS IN AN EVOLVING PUBLIC SPHERE, 1790-1810 Scott King-Owen A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina at Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of North Carolina at Wilmington 2006 Approved by Advisory Committee _______Dr. Chris Fonvielle_______ _________Dr. Paul Townend__________ __________Dr. Alan Watson________ Chair Accepted by ______________________________ Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv DEDICATION.................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1 – NORTH CAROLINA AND ITS FEDERALIST LEADERSHIP........... 16 CHAPTER 2 – PRESS AND PUBLIC IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY................. 44 CHAPTER 3 – WILLIAM BOYLAN, FEDERALIST PARTISAN ............................... 68 CHAPTER 4 – THE WAR OF THE EDITORS ............................................................. -
Michael Nyman
Michael Nyman Michael Nyman es uno de los compositores británicos más innovadores y aclamados, cuyo trabajo abarca operas, cuartetos de cuerda, bandas sonoras y conciertos orquestales. Mucho más que un mero compositor, es además intérprete, director, pianista, escritor, musicólogo, fotógrafo y cineasta. Considerado como un “hombre del renacimiento”, su inquietud creativa y su polivalencia artística le han convertido en uno de los iconos culturales más fascinantes e influyentes de nuestro tiempo. Michael Nyman (nacido el 23 de marzo de 1944) es un pianista, musicólogo y compositor minimalista, conocido sobre todo por las obras escritas durante su larga colaboración con el cineasta británico Peter Greenaway . Nyman (que estudió con el académico Thurston Dart, experto en música barroca en el King's College de Londres) se ha inspirado frecuentemente en Música antigua en sus composiciones para los largometrajes de Greenaway: Henry Purcell en El contrato del dibujante y El cocinero, el Ladrón, su Esposa y su Amante, El piano , Heinrigh Ignaz Franz von Biber en Zoo (A Zed & Two Noughts), Mozart en Conspiración de mujeres (Drowning by Numbers) y John Dowland en Prospero's Books . Su popularidad se disparó después de componer la banda sonora de la galardonada película de Jane Campion El piano (1993). La película no fue nominada por la Academia a pesar de haberlo sido por la Academia Británica y para el Globo de Oro. Ha compuesto bandas sonoras para muchos otros filmes, la gran mayoría de ellos obras de autores independientes europeos. Sus pocas incursiones en la composición de bandas sonoras para Hollywood han sido Gattaca , Ravenous (con Damon Albarn) y The End of the Affair . -
S31104 Andrew Harwell A/K/A Harvey
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements & Rosters Pension application of Andrew Harwell a/k/a Harvey S31104 f15VA Transcribed by Will Graves rev'd 2/27/14 & 5/27/15 [Methodology: Spelling, punctuation and/or grammar have been corrected in some instances for ease of reading and to facilitate searches of the database. Where the meaning is not compromised by adhering to the spelling, punctuation or grammar, no change has been made. Corrections or additional notes have been inserted within brackets or footnotes. Blanks appearing in the transcripts reflect blanks in the original. A bracketed question mark indicates that the word or words preceding it represent(s) a guess by me. The word 'illegible' or 'indecipherable' appearing in brackets indicates that at the time I made the transcription, I was unable to decipher the word or phrase in question. Only materials pertinent to the military service of the veteran and to contemporary events have been transcribed. Affidavits that provide additional information on these events are included and genealogical information is abstracted, while standard, 'boilerplate' affidavits and attestations related solely to the application, and later nineteenth and twentieth century research requests for information have been omitted. I use speech recognition software to make all my transcriptions. Such software misinterprets my southern accent with unfortunate regularity and my poor proofreading skills fail to catch all misinterpretations. Also, dates or numbers which the software treats as numerals rather than words are not corrected: for example, the software transcribes "the eighth of June one thousand eighty six" as "the 8th of June 1786." Please call material errors or omissions to my attention.] [State of Kentucky, Perry County] Revolutionary Claim For the purpose of obtaining the benefit of an act entitled, "An Act supplementary to an act for the relief of certain Officers and Soldiers of the Army of the Revolution," approved on the 7th of June 1832. -
North Carolina Considers the Constitution
Notre Dame Law School NDLScholarship Journal Articles Publications 1987 Law and the Experience of Politics in Late Eighteenth-Century North Carolina: North Carolina Considers the Constitution Walter F. Pratt Notre Dame Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Legal History Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Walter F. Pratt, Law and the Experience of Politics in Late Eighteenth-Century North Carolina: North Carolina Considers the Constitution, 22 Wake Forest L. Rev. 577 (1987). Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/378 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAW AND THE EXPERIENCE OF POLITICS IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY NORTH CAROLINA: NORTH CAROLINA CONSIDERS THE CONSTITUTION Walter F. Pratt,Jr.* In mid-summer 1788, nearly three hundred delegates assembled in Hillsborough to consider whether North Carolina would ratify the Consti- tution drafted the previous year in Philadelphia.1 When the convention began the delegates were certain of two facts: First, regardless of their decision, a government would soon be established; ten states had already ratified the Constitution, one more than necessary.2 Second, the oppo- nents of the Constitution knew they had a substantial majority in the * Associate Professor of Law, University of Notre Dame. I am indebted to the editors of the Documentary History of the Constitutional Convention at the University of Wiscon- sin, Madison, for so graciously allowing me access to their files. -
The Mexican Suitecase
THE MEXICAN SUITECASE A film by Trisha Ziff Running Time: 86 Minutes Language: English, Spanish and Catalane dialogue with English and Spanish subtitles. Official website: www.TheMexicanSuitcase.com ABOUT THE FILM: THE MEXICAN SUITCASE tells the story of three lost boxes that were recovered by the film’s director, Trisha Ziff, from a closet in Mexico City in 2007. The boxes, misplaced in the chaos at the start of WWII, contained many of the Spanish Civil War negatives by the legendary photographer, Robert Capa. These boxes have become known as the Mexican Suitcase. Rumors had circulated for years of the survival of the negatives, which had disappeared from Capa's Paris studio at the start of the war. They held 126 rolls of film, not only by Capa, but also by Gerda Taro and David “Chim” Seymour, fellow photographers who were also acclaimed for their coverage Spanish Civil War. Capa, Taro and Seymour were Jewish immigrants from Hungary, Germany and Poland respectively, and they had found a home in the culturally open Paris of the early 1930s. They often traveled together in Spain. Their combined work constitutes some of the most important visual documentation of that war. It’s particularly poignant to note that Gerda Taro would die before her 27th birthday at the Battle of Brunette in Spain, killed when a Republican tank veered out of control. Her funeral bought thousands on to the streets of Paris. Exactly how the negatives reached Mexico City is not definitively known. However, given Mexico’s unique role in the war, and how it opened its doors unreservedly to the Republican exiles, it makes sense that the suitcase would find its way there. -
House in the Horseshoe Virtual Field Trip the Skirmish High School
House in the Horseshoe Virtual Field Trip The Skirmish High School Standards AH1.H.1.1 Use Chronological thinking to: 1. Identify the structure of a historical narrative or story: (its beginning, middle and end). 2. Interpret data presented in time lines and create time lines. AH1.H.1.2 Use Historical Comprehension to: 1. Reconstruct the literal meaning of a historical passage. 2. Differentiate between historical facts and historical interpretations. 3. Analyze data in historical maps. 4. Analyze visual, literary and musical sources. AH1.H.1.3 Use Historical Analysis and Interpretation to: 1. Identify issues and problems in the past. 2. Consider multiple perspectives of various peoples in the past. 3. Analyze cause-and-effect relationships and multiple causation. 4. Evaluate competing historical narratives and debates among historians. 5. Evaluate the influence of the past on contemporary issues. AH1.H.1.4 Use Historical Research to: 1. Formulate historical questions. 2. Obtain historical data from a variety of sources. 3. Support interpretations with historical evidence. 4. Construct analytical essays using historical evidence to support arguments. Vocabulary Primary source - an immediate firsthand account written by someone who was directly involved Secondary source - a secondhand account written by someone who was not directly involved In 1781, a skirmish took place at a lone house in the lush countryside of what is now Moore County, North Carolina. That house was known as the House in the Horseshoe, and it still stands today. Philip Alston, a colonel in the American militia who owned the house, and David Fanning, a British Loyalist who commanded his own militia, clashed in a violent, hours-long conflict that proved to be important for local North Carolina citizens, both Pariot and Loyalist.