"Lost" and Poorly Known Birds: Top Targets for Birders in Asia
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Eiding^SlA 3 (2005):4l -49 AS'ANENIGMAS "Lost"and poorlyknown birds: top targets for birdersin Asia s' )tlLl{rTCHAftT,N.J.Cotll& |yLJ.CROS8Y&J.^.TO0 S The rediscovery of Cebu Flowerpecket Dica.eum 1987). Similarly, Jerdon's Courser RhtnoptiLus quadrialot by Rob Timmins and others in 1992 bitorquntus (Plate2) was rediscoveredin 1986in on the Philippine island of Cebu (Dutson er aI. Andhra Pradesh,India, following a coordinated 1993), was an extraordinaryevent. The bird had campaign led by the Bombay Natural History not been seenfor 86 yea$, and had been written Society, with 86 years-like the Cebu off as extinct at least 40 yearsearlier on the pre- nowerpecker-without a record (Bhushan1986). sumption that no forest rcmained on the island Most recently,in February2005, Ben Kiry (in litt. (see Collar 1998; also Magsalayet al. 1995). Six 2005) and Julian Donahue rcdiscoveredRusty' years later, Jon tuley and Jim wardill finally throated wren Babbler Speldeomis badegutqrts tracked down rhe lont-tailed blue flycatcherthey (Plate3) about 50 km from where the type speci' had been searchingfor on-and-off for four yean men was collectedin 1947(in the Mishmi Hills of on the Indonesian island of Sangihe (Riley & easternArunachal Pradesh, India), the only previ- Wadill 2001). In doing so, ihey put Caerulean ous recordof this species. Paradise-flycatcherEarichomyias rovleyi (Plate 1) There are in fact a remarkable number of Asian firmly back on the ornithologicalmap. lt had pre- speciesthat werc collected in the nineteenth or viously been known only from an 1878 type- early twentieth centuries,and then not recorded specimenand a belatedlypublished sitht recordin for many decadesbefore being rediscovered, or at 1978, and had been presumedextinct following leastre-seen, as modem birdwatchingtook hold in fruitless searchesin 1985-1986 (Whitten et al. the region.Examples include: ForestOwlet Athene Pfata l. Caerufean Paladise-nycatche(Eu?tichonryias.owleyi R J = Pfata 3, Rusty-throatedwren.-habblet sNoeomis badeigulotis Pf.t. 2. Jerdon'sCou6er Rhinootilusbnorcuotut "Lost'andpoorly known birds:top ta.gets for birder5in Asia l)J,'Lr'[ri(last collected 1884, rediscovered1997); basedon the updatedfactsheets already available l).lmar FlvcatcherFiceduLa henrict 0ast collecled at www.birdlife.org. 1s98, next seen a8ain 2001); white-tipped Vonarch Monorcfta everettt (last collected 1927, NORTHERI{ASIA next seenagain 1993);Black-chinned Monarch M l)oareasis(collected 19t8, next seenagain 1991); Crested Shelduck fodorno cfistdta Sangihe shrike-thrush C.o\uririncln sanghirensis Critically Endantered-Plate 4. This species is (collected 1878, next seen again 1985); White- known from a small number of records from browed Nuthatch Sttta victoriae flast rccorded Primorye in Russia,Hokkaido in Japan (a single 1938, next seen again 1995); SangiheWhite-eye nineteenthcentury record) and south Korea.The Zosterops nehrkomi (collected 1886, next seen last sighting was of a male and two females in a6ain 1996); and Rufous-throated white-eye May l9g on islandssouth of Vladivostok,Russia. Mo.dangaruftcollis (collected 1922, next seen atain A sightint of two males and four females was 1995) (Birdlife Intemational 2001,Ttainor 2002). claimedin Nonh Koreain March 1971,but serious In most of thesecases the "rediscovery"was main- reseryationshav€ recently been expressedabout ly just a matter of re-visitinga remote island, but the reliability of this record.There have also been sometimes-as in the casesof Jerdon's Courser several unconfirmed records from nonh-east and ForestOwlet-the event is only the rcsult of China, in Heiloryiiant, Jilin, Liaoning and Hebei. considerableinitiative and endeavour. Searchesare needed in wetlands (including forest Rediscoverint one of Asia's "lost" species rivers) in easternRussia, Nonb Koreaand north- must be in many birders'dreams. Fourteensuch easternChina. birds ripe for rediscovery,some of which remain unseenfor over 150 yea$, are highlightedbelow. Vauriel Nightjar Coprimutguscentralasicus we outline in each case the histodcal range, Data Deficient.This speciesis known from a sin- detailsof the last sighting,and priodties for future gle record in Xinjiang, w€stern China. Several searches.Birders tend to visit the same popular recentsurveys of the type-localityand other simi- birding sites,but we stronglyencourage people to lar sitesin this regionhave failed to locateit, indi- venlure into less known lerritory in order to track catinS that it is scarceand presumablylocalised. down someof theseexcitint and enignatic birds. The type-specimenwas collectedin sandy scrub- Such searches are prerequisites for their iunde at 1,220 m, and it presumably occuE in conservation. desen and semi-desenhabitats. However, there In addition, there are a number of speciesso has beenwidespread degradation of thesehabitats poorly known we cannot even classifytheir con- in the Taklimakan Desen through the intensive servation status. Such speciesare placed in the grazing of goats and camels, extraction of fuel- Data Deficient category on the IUCN Red List wood, and the conversionof huge areasto irrigat- (lUcN 2001).This appliesin caseswhere there is ed farmland. In 1990, the habitats at the type- insufficientinformation to make a direct. or indi locality, Guma, were found to have been greatly rect, assessmentof extinction risk, Generallywe altered since the 1920s.Funher searchesare need- would not expect these speciesto prcve to be ed throughout the area. Cleere (1998) suggested threatened,but more informationis neededto per- that the specimenmay actuallybe an immatue of mit an adequateassessment. Here we list ten such the subspecies of Eurasian Nightjar C. eurcWau:; speciesfrom the region for which birders' records which breedsin xinjiang, so funher work is also could significantlyimprcve our understandint of neededto determineits taxonomicstatus. their ranges,habitats and threats,and hencehelp clarify their conservationstatus. silleml Mountain Finch Leucostictesillemi The information below largely derives from Data Deficient.This speciesis known only from the detailedaccounts (\ 'ith point-localitymaps) in two specimens collected in 1929 on a baren in Threatmed birds of Asia (Birdlife Intemational plateau at 5,125 m in southern Xinjiang 2001;available online at www.rdb.or.id) and the Aulonomous Re8ion, China (in an area under globaf summary factsheets irL Threatercd. birds of Chinese administration but also claimed by lndia). Ilv u,orld2OU (Birdlife International2004; regu- Its population is unknown, but it is presumably larh' updatedonline at www.birdlife.org).Readers localised and scarce.one of the birds collected .rre directed to these sources for more detailed was a juvenile with wings not yet fully grown, and rniormation and citations to original sources of the collector consideredthat the birds had either rnl,rrmarion.The IUCNRed List categoriestiven bred closeto wherc they were collectedor on the rtlorv come from the 2005 IUCN Red List. which nearbypeaks in the Kunlun Shanrange. lt is prob- ',rll he releasedin autumn 2005, and which is ably residentat the typelocality, as the adult col- EidingASlA3 (2005) lected was in full moult in SeptemberNo threals prior to 1932,althoLrgh tht'rc r!crc Lrnctrniirnted are known and there are unlikely to be any in the reponsof five at Nangain rhe l99t)s iBirljlilt' rcmote area from which it is known, but further International2001) and oi .1 p.rir r('|ofleri b\ r searchesare need to clarify its status and guidein Dibru-Saikhowawildliie S.rncrLr.rr\.IDdii. distribution. in March1998 (Allen 1998a)-.ind in thc pastiirt' yearsin DeobaliJalah, central Ass.rm lP.rtar .r rrl. SOUTHASIA 2004).Searches are needed in grassl.]|dsin nonh eastIndia and Bangladesh,in parlicularfollo\\'ing Pink-headed Duck Rhodonessacaryophyllocea up repons by local peopleat Thoubal and Loktak. critically EndangeredfPossibly Extinc0-Plate 6. Manipur,in November-December2000 (Kaulea ir1. This striking duck was locally distributed in the 2001J.Surveys should be conductedin April-Md\'. wetlandsof India, Bangladeshand Myanmar,and when grasslandsare burnt, or in October occurredrarely in Nepal, with most recordsfrom November, when paddyfields are harvested, as nonh-eastIndia and adjacentBangladesh. Recent birds are likely to be mosl visibleduring theseperi- claimsirl north-eastIndia werethe resultof con- ods (Kauler cl. 2001). fusion with Red-crestedPochard Nettc ru/ind. It was alwavs considereduncommon or rare and Himalayan Quail Ophrysio supercilioso was last seenin the wild in 1949,surviving until criticallyEndangered. This speciesis known only around the sametime in captivity.It may have fromthe westernHimalayas in Uttaranchal,north- beendriven extinct by a combinationof hunting westIndia. where about d dozenspecimens were and habitatloss, but hopesremain that it may be collected near Mussooreeand Naini Tal up to rediscoveredin remote wetlands in northern 1876. Field observations during the mid- Myanmar.lndeed, in November2004 there was a nineteenthcentury suggestthat it may have been possiblesightin8 of a Pink-headedDuck seen in relativelycommon, but within two decadesit was flight in Kachin state,but the views were not good certainlyrare, potentially indicating a population enough to eliminate Spot-billedDuck Anas poe- declineowing to huntingand habitatdegradation. cilorhyncha of the subspecieszonorhyncha; fur- The lastrecord was of two at 2,100m on the east- ther surveysare plannedfor November2005 (J. C. ernslopes of Sherkadanda,Naini Tal, in