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Escola De Ciências Sociais Departamento De Linguística E Escola de Ciências Sociais Departamento de Linguística e Literaturas Curso de Mestrado em Línguas Aplicadas e Tradução Ramo Profissionalizante The Path to Power, de Margaret Thatcher: estratégias de tradução VOL I Isabel Maria Domingues Quitério Orientadora: Profª Doutora Olga Maria T. P. M. Baptista Gonçalves Coorientadora: Profª Doutora Ana Clara Birrento Évora, setembro de 2012 Escola de Ciências Sociais Departamento de Linguística e Literaturas Curso de Mestrado em Línguas Aplicadas e Tradução Ramo Profissionalizante The Path to Power, de Margaret Thatcher: estratégias de tradução VOL I Isabel Maria Domingues Quitério Orientadora: Profª Doutora Olga Maria T. P. M. Baptista Gonçalves Coorientadora: Profª Doutora Ana Clara Birrento Évora, setembro de 2012 1.Agradecimentos Gostaria de deixar aqui uma palavra de agradecimento a todos quantos colaboraram para que este Trabalho se tornasse uma realidade. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço à Profª Doutora Olga Gonçalves, por ter aceitado ser minha orientadora na realização deste Trabalho, pelo incentivo e pela prontidão com que sempre respondeu às minhas dúvidas, num diálogo que frequentemente não decorreu em presença, dada a distância geográfica que as minhas obrigações profissionais impuseram. Agradeço também à Profª Doutora Ana Clara Birrento, pelo acompanhamento prestado. À Mestre Milena Isabel Barão Vaz, autora da tradução dos três primeiros capítulos da obra em análise, sou grata pela ajuda, assim vertida, no desbravar deste caminho e pelas palavras de incentivo que me ofereceu ao longo desta empresa. Agradeço também muito especialmente à generalidade dos professores que me acompanharam desde a entrada para esta Universidade, em particular aos que foram responsáveis pela docência de Língua Portuguesa, bem como pela das Línguas Inglesa, Espanhola, Italiana e Francesa. Durante a aprendizagem destas línguas estrangeiras, adquiri e reforcei o conhecimento de aspetos do funcionamento da minha própria língua. Os seus ensinamentos serão por mim sempre lembrados. À minha família dedico uma palavra especial de gratidão. Aos meus pais, que sempre foram para mim exemplos de vida e que me demostraram que é trabalhando, fazendo e refazendo, que nos aprimoramos e evoluímos, e que só lutando pelos nossos ideais, os conseguimos concretizar. Agradeço-lhes também pelo seu apoio incondicional. Ao meu pai, ainda por me ter ajudado na revisão ortográfica deste Trabalho. À minha filha, Raquel, que sempre me apoiou e incentivou, no tempo que dediquei a este Trabalho. E também por ter tomado a seu cargo todas as diligências complementares relativas à submissão do Trabalho junto desta Universidade. Ao meu irmão, Rafael, que me socorreu à distância, sempre que me deparei com dificuldades na composição gráfica. Resumo The Path to Power, de Margaret Thatcher: estratégias de tradução. O presente Trabalho de Projeto tem como centro a tradução dos capítulos IV (The Outer Circle), V (A World of Shadows) e VI (Teacher’s Pest) de The Path to Power, o segundo dos dois volumes da autobiografia de Margaret Thatcher, publicado em 1995 por HarperCollinsPublishers. Pretende ser um contributo para a disseminação em língua portuguesa do conhecimento de parte da vida da estadista e personalidade de importância reconhecida tanto na cena política nacional britânica como na internacional. O exercício da tradução de tais capítulos foi norteado por fundamentos teóricos advindos dos Estudos de Tradução, tendo simultaneamente proporcionado uma reflexão sobre vários aspetos de uma prática, cujos preceitos têm avançado a passos largos nos últimos 50 anos. Palavras-chave: tradução; disseminação; conhecimento. iv Abstract The Path to Power by Margaret Thatcher: translation strategies. This Project Work focuses on the translation of chapters IV(“The Outer Circle”), V (“A World of Shadows”) and VI (“Teacher’s Pest”) of The Path to Power, the second of the two volumes of Margaret Thatcher’s autobiography, published in 1995 by HarperCollinsPublishers. Aiming to the dissemination of knowledge into the Portuguese language about this relevant Stateswoman both in the British and the international political sphere, the translation of the above mentioned chapters was underpinned by theoretical concepts of translations studies, having simultaneously enabled a reflection on several aspects of the process whose precepts have taken major steps forward in the last fifty years. Key-words: translation; dissemination; knowledge v Índice Resumo ............................................................................................................................ iv Abstract .............................................................................................................................. v Índice ............................................................................................................................... vi Introdução .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.Aspetos de Tradução ...................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Os três tipos de tradução de Roman Jakobson ................................................... 7 1.2 O paradigma funcionalista de Reiss e Vermeer ................................................. 7 1.3 Peter Newmark - “tradução semântica” e “tradução comunicativa” ............... 10 1.4 A resistência em tradução defendida por F. Schleiermacher e L. Venuti ........ 13 1.4.1 Foreignization e Domestication: as duas estratégias básicas de tradução, segundo Lawrence Venuti ........................................................ 14 1.5 A mestria da língua de chegada pelo tradutor, como competência primordial em tradução ...................................................................................................... 18 2.Algumas questões suscitadas pela tradução de The Path to Power .............................. 22 3.Conclusão ..................................................................................................................... 42 Bibliografia ...................................................................................................................... 44 Anexo A tradução dos capítulos IV (The Outer Circle), V (A World of Shadows) e VI (Teacher’s Pest) de The Path to Power. vi The Path to Power, de Margaret Thatcher: estratégias de tradução. Introdução O presente Trabalho de Projeto centra-se na tradução dos capítulos: “The Outer Circle” (IV), “A World of Shadows”(V) e “Teacher’s Pest” (VI) que integram o segundo de dois volumes da Autobiografia de Margaret Thatcher, The Path to Power, o qual foi publicado em 1995 por HarperCollinsPublishers, e ainda não traduzido para língua portuguesa. Constituindo o culminar de um ciclo de formação especializada em Línguas Aplicadas e Tradução, oferecido pelo Departamento de Linguística e Literaturas da Universidade de Évora, aceitei de imediato a proposta feita pela minha orientadora, Profª Doutora Olga Gonçalves, para traduzir parte da obra de Margaret Thatcher, no âmbito do Projeto de Investigação Paisagens do Ser: As autobiografias políticas de Cavaco Silva e Margaret Thatcher – Um Estudo Comparativo, atualmente a ser desenvolvido no Centro de Estudos em Letras (CEL – UÉ) nesta Universidade. Primeiro, porque pretendia para este Trabalho, centrar-me no domínio literário, e, em segundo lugar, pela notoriedade reconhecida da Estadista em questão. O conhecimento que já detinha desta figura tão marcante da história do século XX poderia desta forma ser aprofundado – recorrendo às próprias palavras de um EU sujeito e objeto da enunciação – sendo igualmente a sua tradução um exercício capaz de responder à exigência requerida por este ciclo de estudos post-graduados. A realização deste Trabalho constituiu-se, pois, como um verdadeiro desafio, já que o cariz dos capítulos sobre os quais me debrucei era para mim de dificuldade acentuada. Na verdade, neles entrecruzam-se vários aspetos ideológicos e culturais, assim como posicionamentos políticos da autora e de outros, num determinado tempo e espaço, aspetos esses que seria necessário interpretar, 1 The Path to Power, de Margaret Thatcher: estratégias de tradução. compreender e avaliar, de modo a vertê-los para outra língua-cultura, detentora de especificidades que lhe são, naturalmente, próprias. Não ignorando, simultaneamente, o trabalho de tradução dos três primeiros capítulos deste Volume da Autobiografia, já sancionado em provas públicas, de autoria da Mestre Milena Vaz. A aprendizagem que tal exigente exercício me proporcionou deu-se a vários níveis. Em primeiro lugar, devo mencionar a aquisição de conhecimento acerca de alguns temas, e suas especificidades, compreendidos no corpus, os quais eram até então para mim desconhecidos, através das pesquisas a que os mesmos me obrigaram. De forma interligada a este processo de pesquisa, pude também aperfeiçoar o uso da minha própria língua, no cuidado a ter com o grau de formalidade observado no discurso original, o qual deveria também, tanto quanto possível, ser mantido na língua-alvo. A avaliação subsequente por parte das orientadoras foi, devo dizer, importante, na medida em que me foi tornando mais confiante no trabalho a desenvolver. Na página 148 do capítulo V, Margaret Thatcher afirma: There is no better way to clarify your own thinking than to try to explain it clearly to someone else. Esta asserção é, para mim, muito significativa, pois também neste sentido este exercício de tradução
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