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Le Présent Rapport ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE CONSTITUTION DU 4 OCTOBRE 1958 QUATORZIÈME LÉGISLATURE _____________________________________________________ R A P P O R T D’ I N F O R M A T I O N présenté à la suite d’une mission effectuée en Chine du 18 au 22 novembre 2013 pour la quatrième session de la Grande Commission interparlementaire France-Chine (1) et à la suite des réunions organisées pour les troisième, quatrième et cinquième sessions ddee la Grande Commission interparlementaire France-Chine en France, le 28 novembre 2012, en Chine, le 22 novembre 2013, et en France, le 14 mai 2014. (2) —— (1) Cette délégation était composée de M. Jean-Marie Le Guen, Président, M. Bernard Accoyer, Mme Sylviane Bulteau, MM. Michel Herbillon, Bruno Le Roux et Thierry Mariani, députés. (2) Les délégations françaises à la Grande Commission France-Chine étaient présidées en 2012 et 2013 par M. Jean-Marie Le Guen et en 2014 par M. Bruno Le Roux. 3 SOMMAIRE ___ Pages INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 5 I.– LA NOUVELLE ÉQUIPE DIRIGEANTE CHINOISE ET LA 12EME ASSEMBLÉE POPULAIRE NATIONALE ................................................. 7 A. LA NOUVELLE ÉQUIPE DIRIGEANTE DU PARTI COMMUNISTE CHINOIS ................................................................................................................ 7 B. LA 12EME ASSEMBLÉE POPULAIRE NATIONALE ........................................ 9 1. L’élection des députés ..................................................................................... 9 2. L’élection des dirigeants de l’État et de l’Assemblée .................................. 11 C. LE PLAN DE RÉFORMES ARRÉTÉ PAR LE 3EME PLÉNUM DU 18EME CONGRÈS DU PARTI COMMUNISTE CHINOIS ............................... 13 II.– LES 3EME, 4EME ET 5EME SESSIONS DE LA GRANDE COMMISSION FRANCE–CHINE ....................................................................................................... 19 A. COMPTE RENDU DE LA TROISIÈME SESSION – PARIS – 28 NOVEMBRE 2012 .......................................................................................... 21 B. COMPTE RENDU DE LA QUATRIÈME SESSION – PÉKIN – 22 NOVEMBRE 2013 .......................................................................................... 49 C. COMPTES RENDUS DES ENTRETIENS DE LA DÉLÉGATION EN CHINE EN NOVEMBRE 2013 ........................................................................... 61 1. Chongqing, mardi 19 novembre 2013, 9h30 – Commission de la protection de l’environnement de la municipalité autonome de Chongqing ....................................................................................................... 61 2. Chongqing, mardi 19 novembre 2013, 10h45 – Commission de l’habitation et du développement urbain et rural de la municipalité autonome de Chongqing .............................................................................. 64 3. Chongqing, mardi 19 novembre 2013, 11h30 – Entretien avec M. TAN Qiwei, directeur général adjoint du Comité permanent de l’Assemblée populaire de Chongqing ................................................................................ 65 4 4. Chongqing, mardi 19 novembre 2013, 14h30 – Visite du centre de contrôle du métro de Chongqing ................................................................. 68 5. Chongqing, mardi 19 novembre 2013, 16h30 – Entretien avec M. WENG Jieming, vice-maire de Chongqing ............................................. 69 6. Chongqing, mercredi 20 novembre 2013, 9h15 – Visite du musée de l’urbanisme de la municipalité autonome de Chongqing ......................... 72 7. Chongqing, mercredi 20 novembre 2013, 11h00 – Visite de Chongqing Jinshan Science & Technology Group ................................... 73 8. Pékin, jeudi 21 novembre 2013, 15h30 – Entretien avec M. LI Jinjun, vice-ministre du département de liaison internationale du Comité permanent du Parti communiste chinois .................................................... 73 9. Pékin, vendredi 22 novembre 2013, 12h00 – Entretien avec M. CHEN Zhu, vice-président de l’Assemblée populaire nationale ......................... 78 10. Pékin, vendredi 22 novembre 2013, 14h30 – Entretien avec M. SUN Zhigang, vice-ministre de la santé, vice-président de la Commission nationale de la santé publique et du planning familial ....... 82 D. COMPTE RENDU DE LA CINQUIÈME SESSION – PARIS – 14 MAI 2014 ........................................................................................................................ 87 Discours de M. Claude Bartolone, Président de l'Assemblée nationale, prononcé à l'occasion de la réception offerte à l'Hôtel de Lassay en l'honneur de la délégation parlementaire chinoise, le 14 mai 2014 ................. 114 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................... 117 PROGRAMME DU SÉJOUR DE LA DÉLÉGATION FRANÇAISE À LA QUATRIÈME SESSION DE LA GRANDE COMMISSION FRANCE-CHINE TENUE EN CHINE EN 2013 .................................................................................... 119 LES 60 MESURES DE RÉFORME ADOPTÉES PAR LE 3E PLÉNUM DU XVIIIEME COMITÉ CENTRAL DU PARTI COMMUNISTE CHINOIS, LE 12 NOVEMBRE 2013 ..................................................................................................... 121 MEMORANDUM D’ENTENTE ENTRE L’ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE ET L’ASSEMBLÉE POPULAIRE NATIONALE CHINOISE SUR LA MISE EN PLACE D’UN MÉCANISME D’ÉCHANGES RÉGULIERS .......... 155 5 INTRODUCTION Les relations entre la France et la République populaire de Chine s’inscrivent dans un partenariat global depuis la déclaration conjointe pour un partenariat global signée à Pékin le 16 mai 1997 par les présidents Jacques Chirac et Jiang Zemin. Ce partenariat global stratégique a été élargi et renforcé par la déclaration conjointe signée par les présidents Jacques Chirac et Hu Jintao à Paris le 27 janvier 2004, à l’occasion du quarantième anniversaire de l’établissement des relations diplomatiques entre la France et la République populaire de Chine, afin de servir de cadre à toutes les composantes de la relation franco-chinoise : le dialogue politique et stratégique, la coopération en matière de défense et de diplomatie, la coopération culturelle, scientifique et technique, les échanges économiques et commerciaux. Les assemblées parlementaires française et chinoise ont souhaité donner une dimension parlementaire à ce partenariat global en mettant en place un mécanisme d’échanges réguliers entre les députés français (le Sénat a également mis en place un mécanisme comparable) et les députés chinois. C’est le 22 avril 2009, à l’occasion d’un voyage officiel en Chine, que cette volonté a été formalisée par la signature, par M. Bernard Accoyer, président de l’Assemblée nationale, et son homologue M. Wu Bangguo, président du Comité permanent de l’Assemblée populaire nationale, d’un mémorandum d’entente entre nos deux assemblées. Ce mémorandum, dont le texte est reproduit en annexe du présent rapport, vise à mettre en place un mécanisme d’échanges parlementaires réguliers reposant sur une Grande Commission France-Chine appelée à se réunir chaque année alternativement en France et en Chine sur un ordre du jour prédéterminé. La première réunion de cette Grande Commission s’est tenue à Paris le 8 juillet 2010, à l’occasion de la visite officielle effectuée par M. Wu Bangguo en France, à l’invitation de M. Bernard Accoyer. Afin d’assurer la publicité des débats de la Grande Commission, le présent rapport publie un compte rendu analytique des réunions et entretiens auxquels a participé la délégation parlementaire française lors des 3ème, 4ème et 5ème sessions de la Grande Commission en 2012, 2013 et 2014. Les comptes rendus des 1ère et 2ème sessions avaient fait l’objet d’un rapport de M. Michel Herbillon, président du groupe d’amitié France-Chine sous la XIIIe législature, publié en février 2012 (DIAN 31/2012). Le présent rapport actualise, en outre, les informations relatives à l’Assemblée populaire nationale contenues dans le rapport précité de M. Michel Herbillon publié en février 2012, depuis le renouvellement de l’équipe dirigeante du Parti communiste chinois en novembre 2012 et la mise en place de la 12ème Assemblée populaire nationale en mars 2013. 7 I.– LA NOUVELLE ÉQUIPE DIRIGEANTE CHINOISE ET LA 12ÈME ASSEMBLÉE POPULAIRE NATIONALE A. LA NOUVELLE ÉQUIPE DIRIGEANTE DU PARTI COMMUNISTE CHINOIS La réunion du 18e Congrès du Parti communiste chinois (PCC) a donné lieu au renouvellement complet de l’équipe dirigeante chinoise. L’article 1er de la Constitution de 1982 dispose que l’État socialiste est dirigé par la classe ouvrière et fondé sur l’alliance entre ouvriers et paysans. Dès lors que le PCC a pour vocation de représenter l’ensemble de la classe ouvrière et de la paysannerie, un rôle dirigeant de toutes les institutions politiques, économiques, sociales, militaires et culturelles lui est confié au travers de ses représentants, même si la Constitution ne donne au parti ni à ses organes aucun pouvoir dans le fonctionnement des institutions. La nouvelle équipe dirigeante a été élue par les 2 270 délégués du 18e Congrès. Ces délégués ont eux-mêmes été élus, de façon indirecte selon un processus de désignation en cascade « du bas vers le haut et du haut vers le bas », par les 82,6 millions d’adhérents du parti sous le contrôle des organes supérieurs du parti. À cette fin, le pays est divisé en 40 unités électorales appelées à élire un nombre de délégués fonction du nombre d’adhérents
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