Mandela – My Prisoner, My Friend

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Mandela – My Prisoner, My Friend Copyright © by Christo Brand and Barbara Jones 2014 Copyright © by John Blake Publishing Ltd., 2014 Copyright © Editora Planeta 2014 Todos os direitos reservados Título original: Mandela – My prisoner, my friend Preparação: Alyne Azuma Revisão: Agnaldo Alves Diagramação: Mauro C. Naxara Projeto de capa: adaptado do projeto original por S Guerra Conversão eBook: Hondana CIP-BRASIL. CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE SINDICATO NACIONAL DOS EDITORES DE LIVROS, RJ B816m Brand, Christo Mandela : meu prisioneiro, meu amigo / Christo Brand, Barbara Jones ; tradução Cristina Yamagami. - 1. ed. - São Paulo : Planeta, 2014. il. Tradução de: Mandela : my prisoner, my friend ISBN 978-85-422-0369-1 1. Mandela, Nelson, 1918-. 2. Prisioneiros políticos - África do Sul - Biograa. 3. Presidentes - África do Sul - Biografia. 4. África do Sul - Política e governo - Séc. XX. 5. Apartheid - África do Sul. I. Jones, Barbara. II. Título. CDD: 920.936545 14-12612 CDU: 929:343.301 2014 Todos os direitos desta edição reservados à Editora Planeta do Brasil Ltda. Rua Padre João Manoel, 100 – 21o andar – cj. 2101/2102 Edifício Horsa II – Cerqueira César 01411-901 – São Paulo – SP www.editoraplaneta.com.br [email protected] “Em nome da nossa família, é uma profunda lição de humildade estar onde homens de tamanha coragem enfrentaram a injustiça e se recusaram a ceder. O mundo é grato aos heróis da Ilha Robben, que nos lembram de que nenhum grilhão ou cela pode se igualar à força do espírito humano.” Mensagem do presidente dos Estados Unidos Barack Obama no livro de visitantes da Ilha Robben, 30 de junho de 2013. AGRADECIMENTOS Meus sinceros agradecimentos por todo o apoio e incentivo que recebi para escrever este livro vão para: Linda Duvenhage, pesquisadora do patrimônio histórico da Ilha Robben, que me inspirou a começar o projeto vários anos atrás, quando trabalhamos juntos; Samiena Amien, integrante da família estendida de Ahmed Kathrada e a primeira a colocar minhas palavras no papel; doutor James Sanders, pesquisador da biograa autorizada de Mandela, que me apresentou a Barbara Jones, minha colega escritora; Verne Harris e Sahm Venter da Nelson Mandela Foundation, que nos orientou e apoiou ao longo de todo o processo; os fotógrafos Mark Skinner, que teve a gentileza de me permitir usar seu belo retrato de Mandela com Kathrada, e Given Kokela, que tirou algumas fotos bastante especiais do presidente Obama em sua visita à Ilha Robben em junho de 2013; David Denborough, do Dulwich Centre de Adelaide, Austrália, disponibilizou valiosas fontes de referência de sua biblioteca de terapia narrativa, que pode ser acessada em www.dulwichcentre.com.au. Acima de tudo, sou grato ao meu querido mentor e ex-prisioneiro Ahmed Kathrada, que escreveu o prefácio. Este livro nos levou de volta a tempos difíceis mas que hoje foram, felizmente, sobrepujados pelos nossos laços especiais de amizade. SUMÁRIO Prefácio Prólogo Capítulo 1 Capítulo 2 Capítulo 3 Capítulo 4 Capítulo 5 Capítulo 6 Capítulo 7 Capítulo 8 Capítulo 9 Capítulo 10 Capítulo 11 Capítulo 12 Capítulo 13 Capítulo 14 Capítulo 15 Capítulo 16 PREFÁCIO Em 1964, Ahmed Kathrada foi condenado, com Nelson Mandela, à prisão perpétua, no Julgamento de Rivonia. Passou 25 anos na prisão e, desde a sua libertação, serviu como assessor parlamentar de Mandela e como presidente do conselho do Museu da Ilha Robben. Em 2004, em uma eleição dos 100 Maiores Sul-Africanos feita pelo canal de TV SABC3, recebeu o 46° lugar. A impressão que cou de Christo Brand é a de um excelente ser humano. Ele não é um político, apenas um homem extremamente generoso que se arriscou pelos outros. Embora este livro se concentre no relacionamento dele com Madiba na prisão, também fui afetado pela humanidade de Christo quando estive detido. Não tive muito contato com ele na Ilha Robben, onde comecei a cumprir minha sentença de prisão perpétua, com Madiba, em 13 de junho de 1964. Foi só depois de ser transferido para o continente, para o Presídio de Pollsmoor em outubro de 1982, que passei a ter uma relação mais estreita com Christo. Todos nós notamos que ele era um bom homem, alguém que poderia nos ajudar, mas fomos advertidos por Madiba a não tirar proveito dos jovens carcereiros e lhes causar problemas. Fomos exortados a não usar Christo para ações políticas, como transmitir mensagens, então ele não fez esse tipo de coisa para nós. Mas fez muitas outras coisas. Uma das maiores lembranças que tenho da diferença de Christo em relação aos carcereiros embrutecidos com os quais estávamos acostumados foi quando tive permissão de receber visitas do advogado Dullah Omar. Passamos um bom tempo tentando nos encontrar, e tive a minha chance quando, depois que de concluir dois honours degrees[1] pela Universidade da África do Sul, as autoridades do presídio não permitiram que eu me matriculasse em um programa de mestrado. Sendo assim, decidi levar o caso ao tribunal e abri uma requisição para falar com Dullah. Em uma de suas primeiras visitas, Dullah trouxe dois pacotes de samosas[2], um para os guardas e, quando aceitaram, perguntou se eu poderia receber o outro pacote. Christo assentiu. Na época, a esposa de Dullah, Farida, tinha uma barraca de frutas e legumes no Salt River Market na Cidade do Cabo, de modo que providenciamos para que Christo trouxesse frutas e vegetais para nós – ela também dava frutas e legumes para a família dele. Depois, Dullah começou a chegar para as visitas com a pasta cheia de comida, e nenhum livro jurídico à vista. Christo sabia disso e deixou passar. Ainda melhor que isso foram as visitas extras que ele me permitiu receber. Christo providenciou visitas de pessoas que eu normalmente não teria permissão de ver, como parentes distantes, a professora Fatima Meer e outros ativistas políticos. Jamais esquecerei o dia em que uma sobrinha minha se casou na Cidade do Cabo e Christo conseguiu que praticamente todos os convidados da cerimônia me visitassem, ilegalmente, na prisão. Ele montou uma sala de visitas especial no andar de cima, e de lá pude ver todos, crianças e adultos. Nesse esquema, tive permissão de ver cada criança por um ou dois minutos. Elas encheram o ambiente de riso e luz, um colírio raro e glorioso para os olhos de um prisioneiro. Pude passar um pouco mais de tempo com os adultos, também individualmente. Ele também me levou para ver os ativistas políticos detidos no Presídio de Pollsmoor, o que, de certa forma, era muito mais perigoso para ele do que para mim. Estávamos na década de 1980, época do Estado de emergência, quando milhares de ativistas antiapartheid foram detidos em todo o país. Muitos dos ativistas do Cabo Ocidental e até alguns do Cabo Oriental foram presos em Pollsmoor. Nem a família deles sabia onde ou em que situação estavam, mas Christo me deixou vê-los. Um dia, ele me levou para ver Trevor Manuel, que não tinha autorização de receber nenhum visitante. Trevor, que mais tarde tornou-se o ministro das Finanças do governo de Madiba e de outros presidentes, estava numa solitária há dois anos quando Christo me levou para sua cela. Foi muito importante para Trevor ter a minha presença lá. Na prisão, tínhamos passado duas décadas isolados do mundo. Só existiam duas fotos antigas nossas, muito mais jovens, e mesmo assim era crime possuí-las. Dá para imaginar o quanto ele deve ter cado tocado com aquela visita, na qual transmiti saudações de Madiba e de Walter Sisulu, entre outros. Foi uma enorme injeção de ânimo. Uma vez, Christo também me permitiu dar a Trevor um poema inspirador. Em outra ocasião, ele me levou para ver Mateus Goniwe, ativista do Cabo Oriental que viria a ser morto pela polícia de segurança[3] após sua libertação. Isolados na prisão, não sabíamos quase nada sobre a aids, e uma vez Christo nos contou que sete guerrilheiros soropositivos do CNA (Congresso Nacional Africano) haviam sido capturados e trazidos de Angola. Um dia, quando estávamos do lado de fora do prédio da prisão, eles se aproximaram rapidamente e nos abraçaram. Depois camos preocupados com a possibilidade de contrair a doença pelo abraço. Mais tarde, quando fomos trancados nas celas para passar a noite, vimos Christo caminhando com os sujeitos pelo pátio, com o braço ao redor do ombro deles. Aquela imagem de Christo com os prisioneiros soropositivos, juntamente com a imagem de Lady Di com uma criança HIV positiva na TV, desfez nossas suspeitas sobre a aids, especialmente quando vi como ele ficava à vontade com aqueles sujeitos. Devido à diculdade de nos comunicar com os outros ativistas na prisão, costumávamos car debaixo da janela de suas celas para que pudessem ouvir o que estávamos falando. Era o nosso jeito de transmitir informações. Em outra pequena demonstração de humanidade, Christo sabia disso e não fazia nada para nos impedir. Quando fomos transferidos para uma prisão em Johannesburgo em outubro de 1989, dias antes da nossa libertação, eu tinha dois televisores. Deixei um para Christo entregar a esses prisioneiros, e foi o que ele fez. A outra TV ele guardou para mim em sua garagem e me entregou quando voltei para a Cidade do Cabo como membro do Parlamento, cinco anos depois. Uma das coisas mais importantes que Christo fez por nós aconteceu em um dia de 1986, alguns meses depois que Madiba foi isolado de nós, de forma que não fazíamos ideia do que se passava com ele. Christo me abordou e disse: “Tenho uma coisa para contar, mas você não pode repetir a Sisulu e aos outros”. Respondi: “Bem, nesse caso, não me conte”. Mas, naturalmente, ele me contou mesmo assim: “Ontem à noite levamos Madiba à casa do ministro da Justiça, Kobie Coetsee”.
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