Travel in South-East Queensland

Transport and Main Roads Travel in south-east Queensland

An analysis of travel data from 1992 to 2009 Travel in south-east Queensland © The State of Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads) 2012

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence You are free to copy, communicate and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the authors. To attribute this material, cite State of Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads) 2012, Travel in south-east Queensland.

2 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 About this report | South-east Queensland

How to use this report Can’t find what you’re looking for? This document is a quick reference to help readers This document is primarily about the travel behaviour understand travel behaviour in south-east Queensland. of south-east Queensland residents. Other bodies hold It contains an overview of the region, and of a number of transport related data, the Modelling, Data and Analysis specific sectors of interest. Centre may be able to assist you in locating data material. It is primarily descriptive in purpose; some interpretive text is provided, but this is mainly to provide basic insight Data sources, boundaries & limitations and prompt further thought. In-depth analysis is outside This report uses data from household travel surveys the scope of this report. The information is limited to conducted between 1992 and 2009. The years are a broad snapshot on the state of travel behaviour in indicated throughout the report either in text or on the the region, using data that was current at the time of graphs where time-series graphs are used. Population publication. data is from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Any other data sources used are indicated as they appear in the report. Need more detail on a topic presented in this report? The geographical boundaries for the south-east Bringing evidence into policy and planning processes is Queensland household travel survey are shown in the an important part of the Modelling, Data and Analysis map on page 4. South-east Queensland includes Greater Centre’s work. We hold more data than what is shown Brisbane, the Sunshine Coast and the Gold Coast. Unless here, and may be able to assist in drawing deeper otherwise stated, Brisbane in this report refers to Greater insights out of the data. Brisbane not just Brisbane City. Please contact us: [email protected] The household travel survey only surveys residents living in private dwellings. The visitor travel survey only surveys visitors staying in commercial dwellings.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 3 About this report | South-east Queensland

Key findings The following are a selection of findings from the report. This is not exhaustive and is intended to be a subjective selection of interesting facts. Please consult the full report for more details on each.

• 3.3 is the average number of trips travelled per person per day in south-east Queensland.

• One quarter of all trips in south-east Queensland are generated by the Brisbane CBD and surrounds.

• Three in four Brisbane CBD workers travel to work by public transport in the AM peak.

• Nine in ten south-east Queensland bus travellers walk to the bus stop compared to 5 in 10 train travellers.

• Over 65’s have a higher walking and vehicle driver mode Glossary share that the average for all of south-east Accompany others: Queensland residents. Trips that are not primarily for your own needs (for example, children accompanying their parents to the • One in three shops). visitors to the Sunshine Coast or Gold Coast walk Mode share: to access their activities. The proportion of travel that is done by each mode of transport. • 317,000 fewer private vehicle trips were travelled Serve passenger: in Brisbane in 2009 compared to 2007 Trips that are made primarily as a non-work service to someone else (for example, driving children to (a 2% decrease). school or an elderly person to the shops). • Two in five Trip rate: university students make an interim stop on their The average number of trips made per person way home from university. per day. Trip purpose: • 30 mins The main reason that a trip was made. is the average duration of a work commute in south-east Queensland. This has been relatively Vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT): The distance travelled by vehicles in kilometres. stable since 2004. Trip chaining: • Double Where two or more purposes are achieved within the growth in public transport trips relative to the a single journey (for example, going to the shops population in population in Brisbane. after work).

4 Contents

Regions South-east Queensland 006 Brisbane 016 Gold Coast 026 Sunshine Coast 036

Destinations CBD 046 Principal activity centres 054

Trip purposes Work travel 062 School travel 072

Groups Over 65 086 Tertiary students 094 Visitor travel 106

Other Weekend travel 116 Public transport 126

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 5 South-east Queensland

-3% Decrease in total kilometres travelled in south-east Queensland from 2007 to 2009. 3.3 Average number of trips travelled per person per day in south-east Queensland. 317 000 The reduction in private vehicle trips travelled per day from 2007 to 2009.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Regions

Total daily travel | South-east Queensland

In 2009, south-east Queensland residents collectively made 9 million trips and travelled 86 million kilometres on an average weekday. Between 2007 and 2009, the total number of trips and kilometres travelled in south-east Queensland reduced. From a historical perspective, growth in travel has traditionally outstripped population growth. Since 1992, kilometres travelled has grown by 85%, compared to a growth in residential population of 59%.

The downwards trend in travel activity observed in south- east Queensland in 2009 may be due, in part, to the global financial crisis when there was a slight decrease in economic activity.

9 million: Total number of trips made by all south-east Queensland residents each weekday in 2009.

Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population

1.7 Population (millions) 1992 1.7 Population (millions) 1992 6.1 Trips (millions) 6.1 2.4 Trips (millions) 2004 2.4 2004 8.6 8.6 2.6 - 1.9% 2007 2.6 The decrease in 2007 9.2 total trips travelled 9.2 in south-east 2.7 2009 Queensland from 2.7 2009 9.0 2007 to 2009. 9.0

Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled

1.7 Population (millions) 1992 1.7 Population (millions) 1992 46.4 46.4 Kilometres (millions) 2.4 Kilometres (millions) 2004 2.4 2004 80.5 80.5 2.6 2007 2.6 88.4 2007 88.4 2.7 2009 2.7 2009 85.8 85.8

Data source: household travel surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009.

Please note: 1992 populationTrips (millions) is census usual per person resident population, while 2004 to 2009 populations are estimated resident population in private dwellings. Trips (millions) per person

1992 3.6 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 7 1992 3.6 2004 3.6 2004 3.6 2007 3.6 2007 3.6 2009 3.3 2009 3.3

Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day

64 Mminutes 1992 64 Mminutes 1992 27.5 Kilometres 27.5 70 Kilometres 2004 70 2004 33.4 33.4 72 2007 72 2007 34.2 34.2 65 2009 65 2009 31.1 31.1 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. DailyDaily total total trips trips and and population population

1.7 Population (millions) 1.7 Population (millions) 1992 1992 6.1 6.1 Trips (millions) Trips (millions) 2.4 2.4 2004 2004 8.6 8.6

2.6 2.6 2007 2007 9.2 9.2

2.7 2.7 2009 2009 9.0 9.0

DailyDaily total total kilometres kilometres travelled travelled

1.7 1.7 Population (millions) 1992 Population (millions) 1992 Regions 46.4 46.4 Kilometres (millions) Kilometres (millions) 2.4 2.4 2004 Daily2004 travel | South-east Queensland 80.5 80.5

2.6 The total decline2.6 in travel during 2009 was due to 2007 2007 88.4 residents making fewer trips on average. 88.4

2.7 Residents making2.7 fewer trips has seen a resultant decline 2009 2009 in the distance and time travelled each day. On average, 85.8 each resident travels 31 kilometres per day, taking 65 85.8 minutes to do so.

Trips (millions)Trips Tripsper (millions)person (millions) per per person person

1992 3.6 1992 3.6

2004 3.6 2004 3.6

2007 3.6 Average trips (per person, per day) dropped to 2007 3.6 3.3 trips in 2009. This is equivalent to one in three

2009 3.3 residents making one less trip per day. 2009 3.3

Daily travel time and distance per day DailyDaily travel travel time time and and distance distance per per day day

64 Mminutes 1992 64 Mminutes 1992 27.5 27.5 Kilometres Kilometres 70 2004 70 2004 33.4 33.4

72 2007 72 2007 34.2 34.2 31km Average kilometres 65 2009 65 travelled per day per 2009 31.1 person in south-east 31.1 Queensland. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Number of trips Number of trips

2004 28% 12% 16% 29% 15%

2007 27% 14% 12% 31% 16%

2009 24% 12% 12% 29% 22%

5 + 4 3 1 to 2 0

Average trip travel time and distance

8 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 18 1992 Minutes 7.6 Kilometres 20 2004 9.4 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012

20 2007 9.6

20 2009 9.5

*Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on distance Work

Shopping 10% 8%

9% Personal business 27% 12% 42% 8% Social/recreation

10% Accompanying others 14% 18% Serve passenger 15% 8% 9% 11% Education

Trip purpose based on distance Work

Shopping 2004 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% Personal business

Social/recreation 2007 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%

Accompanying others

2009 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% Serve passenger

Education Number of trips

2004 28% 12% 16% 29% 15% Regions

2007 27% 14% 12% 31% 16% Daily travel and purpose of travel | South-east Queensland

2009 24% 12% 12% 29% 22% A lower average trip rate in 2009, is due to a decrease Although daily travel time and distance decreased in the proportion of residents who travel a lot (5+ trips in 2009, the average trip travel time and distance a day) and an increase in the proportion5 + of residents4 3 1 to 2 0 remained consistent. making no trips.

Average trip travel time and distance NumberAverage of tripstrip travel time and distance

18 Minutes 2004 1992 28% 12% 16% 29% 15% 7.6 Kilometres 20 2007 2004 27% 14% 12% 31% 16% 9.4

20 2009 24% 12% 12% 29% 22% 2007 9.6

5 + 4 3 1 to 2 0 20 2009 9.5

*Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Average trip travel time and distance Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on distance Work 18 1992 Although trips on average have decreased, the reasons The next largest demand onMinutes the south-east Queensland 7.6 Shopping people travelled in 2009 remained consistent with 8%transport network in terms of total distance travelled was 10% Kilometres previous years. This indicates that the reduction in the 9% social and recreation20 (11%) and shoppingPersonal (14%) business trips. 27% 2004 total number of trips12% in south-east Queensland was 9.4 Shopping, education42% and serve passenger trips have less across the board – for all trip purposes. 8% Social/recreation demand on the network in terms of kilometres compared 10% 20 Accompanying 2007 Work-related trips continued to be the largest reason for to the number of trips made. others 14% travel in 2009, accounting for roughly9.6 one quarter (27%) 18% Serve passenger of all trips by south-east15% Queensland residents. In terms of 8% 20 distance travelled, however, work9% related trips account for 11% 2009 Work is the main purpose for one quarterEducation of trips but a much larger proportion of travel –9.5 representing 42% of accounts for over 40% of kilometres travelled.

the demand*Due toon trip the weight transport variation averages network. of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

TripTrip purpose purpose based based on on trips trips Trip purpose purpose based based on on distance distance Work

Trip purpose based on distance Work Shopping 10% 8% Shopping 9% Personal business 27% 2004 12% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 42% Personal business 8% Social/recreation

200710% Accompanying Social/recreation 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% others42% 14% Accompanying 18% Serve passenger others 15% 2009 42% 42%8% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 9% 11% Serve passenger Education

Education

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 9 Trip purpose based on distance Work

Shopping 2004 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% Personal business

Social/recreation 2007 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%

Accompanying others

2009 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% Serve passenger

Education Number of trips

2004 28% 12% 16% 29% 15%

2007 27% 14% 12% 31% 16%

2009 24% 12% 12% 29% 22%

5 + 4 3 1 to 2 0

Average trip travel time and distance

18 1992 Minutes 7.6 Kilometres 20 2004 9.4

20 2007 9.6

20 2009 9.5

*Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on distance Work Regions Shopping 10% 8%

9% Personal business 27% Purpose of12% travel and travel mode | South-east Queensland 42% 8% Social/recreation In comparison to 2007, the proportion of kilometres 10% Average trips (per person, per day) droppedAccompanying to travelled for shopping trips decreased in 2009. Serve others 14% 3.3 trips in 2009, this is equivalent to one in three passenger trips also decreased. This18% is likely to be due Serve passenger 15% residents making one less trip per day. to the marked increase in the proportion of educational 8% 9% 11% trips being undertaken by active transport in 2009 (see Education 1.6 million Chapter on School Travel). The decrease in kilometres spent travelling for In contrast, non-discretionary travel such as education shopping each day in south-east Queensland from and work remained steady. 2007 to 2009.

Trip purpose based on distance Trip purpose based on distance Work

Shopping 2004 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41% Personal business

Social/recreation 2007 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%

Accompanying others

2009 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% Serve passenger

Education

Mode share based on trips Although private vehicle still dominates as the primary Four out of five mode of travel, there has been an increase in the mode Mode shareMode based share on based trips on trips trips are made in share of public transport and a modest increase in active a private vehicle. Mode share based on trips Private vehiclePrivate vehicle transport mode share in 2009. This increase in active 1% 1% 9% (driver) (driver) transport mode share reflects a reverse in the steady 9% 8% 8% Private vehiclePrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 1% (passenger) (passenger) decline since 1992. 9% (driver)

8% Public transportPrivatePublic vehicle transport (passenger)

58% 82% 24% 24% 58% Cycle PublicCycle transport Percentage of trips are made by private vehicle in south-east Queensland. 24% 58% Walk CycleWalk

Walk

Mode share based on trips Mode shareMode based share on based trips on trips

1992 1992 78% 78% Mode share based on trips 7% 7%13% 2%13% 2%

1992 78% 7% 13% 2% 2004 2004 82% 82% 7% 7%10% 1% 10% 1%

2004 82% 7% 10% 1%

2007 2007 83% 83% 7% 7%8% 2% 8% 2%

2007 83% 7% 8% 2% 2009 2009 81% 81% 8% 8% 9% 2% 9% 2%

2009 81% 8% 9% 2%

10 Regions Travel mode, trip distance and duration | South-east Queensland

Active and public transport travel has increased across 317 000 most purposes of travel (especially education travel), The reduction in private vehicle trips travelled per day whereas it has been decreasing for shopping trips. from 2007 to 2009.

Public and active transport mode share by trip purpose Public and active transport mode share by trip purpose

51% 50% Work 45% 41% Shopping/ personal

Social/ recreation

27% Education 24% 24% 25% 21% 19% Accompanying 18% 18% 17% 15% 16% others 14% 13% 13% Public10% and active transport mode share by trip purpose 7%

51% 50% Work 1992 2004 45% 2007 2009 41% Shopping/ personal

Social/ Distance and duration by purpose Average duration recreation (minutes) 27% Education The high average distance24% (15.7 kilometres) 24%and long The high number of 25%work-related trips and their tendency average30 duration (30 minutes) of work trips demonstrates 21%to aggregate at certain timesKilometres helps (millions) to explain the very 19% Accompanying 18% 18% 17% the high level of demand placed15% on the network16% by large demands placed on the network duringothers peak 14% 13% 13% work related travel. Furthermore, this travel is typically10% periods. It seems that people are prepared to spend Work (direct commute) concentrated around23 peak times. 23 more time7% commuting to work than they would spend on

20 other travel purposes. Work related travel 1992 2004 2007 18 2009 15.7 Shopping 15 14 Distance and duration13.6 by purpose 14 Personal business Distance and duration by purpose Average duration 9.4 (minutes) 8.6 Social/recreation 7.1 7.1 7.1 5.9 30 Kilometres (millions) Work-related Accompanying trips are others generally Serve passenger Work (direct commute) twice the 23 23 Education distance of 20 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Work related travel other trips. 18 15.7 Shopping 15 13.6 14 14 Personal business

9.4 8.6 Social/recreation 7.1 7.1 7.1 5.9 Accompanying others

Serve passenger

Education *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 11 Regions Trip distance and duration | South-east Queensland

Average distance (kilometres) by purposeAverage distance (kilometres) by purpose

13.4 Work

5.3 Shopping

6.8* Personal business 1992 8.1 Social/recreation 6.8 Accompanying 6.8 others

6.8 Serve passenger

16.4 Education

6.1

8.3

2004 10.1

7.0

8.0*

16.3

6.8

8.6

2007 9.3

7.5

7.1

15.7

5.9

9.0

2009 9.4

8.0 The average distance of the work 8.0 commute has been decreasing 8.0 since 2004.

12 Regions Trip distance and duration | South-east Queensland

On average, trips using public transport take significantly longer than other modes; this includes the time taken waiting for the public transport service to arrive, and the time spent travelling to and from the public transport stop.

The average distance travelled by public transport has been decreasing since 2004, while the distance of cycling trips has been increasing. Distance and duration by mode

19 Private vehicle Distance and duration by mode Minutes Distance(driver) and duration by mode 10.7 Kilometres (millions) 15 19 Minutes PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (passenger)(driver) 8.3 10.7 Kilometres (millions) 15 49 Private vehicle Public transport(passenger) 8.3 15.4

21 49 PublicCycle transport 4.1 15.4

12 21 Walk Cycle 1.0 4.1 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. In 2009, the average public transport 12 Walk trip was 49 minutes, decreasing from 1.0 an average of 56 minutes in 2007. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Average distance (kilometres) byAverage mode distance (kilometres) by mode

Private vehicle 15.9 (driver) Average distance (kilometres)15.6 by mode 15.4 Private vehicle 14.3 (passenger) Private vehicle 15.9 (driver) 15.6 15.4 Public transport Private vehicle 14.3 Cycle (passenger) 10.6 10.6 10.7 Public transport Walk 8.8 8.5 8.3 Cycle 10.68.0 10.6 10.7 7.2 Walk 8.8 8.5 8.3 8.0 7.2 4.1 3.8 3.1 2.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 4.1 3.8 3.1 1992 2.7 2004 2007 2009 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0

1992 2004 2007 2009

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 13 Regions Summary | South-east Queensland TotalTotal travel travel AverageAverage travel travel Total travel Average travel TotalTotal population population (millions) (millions) AverageAverage minutes minutes per per day day ChangeChange 20042004 Total population (millions)2.42.4 20042004 Average minutes per day7070 -10.5%-10.5% 20072007 2.62.6 20072007 7272 Change 2004 2.4 11%11% 2004 70 -10.5% 20092009 2.72.7 20092009 6565 2007 2.6 GrowthGrowth 2007 72 11%

2009 2.7 Growth 2009 65 TotalTotal trips trips (millions) (millions) AverageAverage trips trips per per day day ChangeChange 20042004 Total trips (millions) 8.68.6 20042004 Average trips per day 2.42.4 -8.2%-8.2% 20072007 9.29.2 20072007 2.62.6 Change 2004 8.6 5.1%5.1% 2004 2.4 -8.2% 20092009 9.09.0 20092009 2.72.7 2007 9.2 GrowthGrowth 2007 2.6 5.1% 2009 9.0 Growth 2009 2.7 TotalTotal kilometres kilometres (millions) (millions) AverageAverage kilometres kilometres per per day day ChangeChange 20042004 Total kilometres (millions)80.580.5 20042004 Average kilometres per day33.433.4 -9.1%-9.1% 20072007 88.488.4 20072007 34.234.2 Change 2004 80.5 6.5%6.5% 2004 33.4 -9.1% 20092009 85.885.8 20092009 31.131.1 2007 88.4 GrowthGrowth 2007 34.2 6.5% 2009 2009 85.8 Growth 31.1

Mode share based on trips (percentages) Purpose of trips based on distance ModeMode share share based based on on trips trips (percentages) (percentages) PurposePurpose of of trips trips based based on on distance distance

Mode share based on trips (percentages) Purpose of trips based on distance 7%7% 8%8% 8%8% 10.810.8 9.29.2 10.810.8 GrowthGrowth 17% 17%

7.57.5 10%10% 9%9% ChangeChange -18% -18% 7.07.0 7% 11%11%8% 8% 10.8 9.2 7.910.87.9 GrowthGrowth 5% 17%5% 7%7% 10% 7%7% 8%8% GrowthGrowth 14% 14% 7.5 11% 9% Change -18% 7.0 7.9 Growth 5% 7% 16%16% 14%14%7% 14%14%8% Growth 14% WorkWork

6%16%6% 6%14%6% 8%14%8% GrowthGrowth 33% 33% ChangeChange -2% -2% ShoppingWorkShopping 13%13% ChangeChange -15% -15% 13%13%6% 6% 11%11%8% Growth 33% 82.082.0 83.183.1 81.381.3 Change -2% PersonalPersonalShopping business business 13% 13% 11% Change -15% 82.0 83.1 81.3 Social/recreationPersonalSocial/recreation business

AccompanyingAccompanying PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle Social/recreation 41%41% 42%42% 42%42% othersothers

Accompanying PublicPrivatePublic transport transport vehicle ServeServe passenger passenger 41% 42% 42% others

ActivePublicActive transport transport EducationEducationServe passenger

20042004 20072007 20092009 Active transport 20042004 20072007 20092009 Education

2004 2007 2009 2004 2007 2009

Data source: household travel surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009.

Please note: 1992 population is census usual resident population, while 2004 to 2009 populations are estimated resident population in private dwellings.

14 Brisbane

-3.1% Decrease in total kilometres travelled in Brisbane from 2007 to 2009. 3.3 Average number of trips travelled per person per day in Brisbane. 307 000 The reduction in private vehicle trips travelled per day from 2007 to 2009.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Regions Total daily travel | Brisbane

Collectively, Brisbane residents made 6.3 million trips per weekday in 2009, covering 57 million kilometres. This accounts for 70% of weekday trips within south-east Queensland and represents a 62% increase on the total distance travelled by Brisbane residents from 1992. There is a decrease in total trips travelled and total kilometres travelled in Brisbane in 2009, despite an increase in the total population.

6.3 million Total amount of trips made by Brisbane residents per weekday in 2009.

Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population

1.3 Population (millions) 1992 Population (millions) 4.8

Trips (millions) 1.7 2004 6.1 -3.1% 1.8 2007 The decrease 6.5 in total trips travelled in 1.9 2009 Brisbane from 6.3 2007 to 2009.

Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled

1.3 Population (millions) 1992 35.5 Kilometres (millions) 1.7 2004 56.9

1.8 2007 60.8

1.9 2009 57.3

Data source: householdTrips (millions) travel surveys per person conducted between 1992 and 2009.

Please note: 1992 population is census usual resident population, while 2004 to 2009 populations are estimated resident population in private dwellings. 1992 3.6 Trips (millions)

2004 3.6

162007 3.6

2009 3.3

Daily travel time and distance per day

66 Minutes 1992 Minutes 27.1 Kilometres 72 2004 33.1

76 2007 33.3

67 2009 29.5 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population

1.3 1.3 1992 Population (millions) Population (millions) 1992 4.8 4.8 Trips (millions) 1.7 Trips (millions) 1.7 2004 2004 6.1 6.1

1.8 1.8 2007 2007 6.5 6.5

1.9 1.9 2009 2009 6.3 6.3

Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled

1.3 Population (millions) 1.3 1992 Population (millions) 1992 35.5 35.5 Kilometres (millions) Kilometres (millions) 1.7 Regions 1.7 2004 2004 56.9 56.9

Daily travel | Brisbane 1.8 1.8 2007 2007 60.8 The average number of trips undertaken per person per 60.8 1.9 day remained1.9 steady at 3.6 from 1992 until 2007, but 2009Average trips (per person) per weekday dropped2009 to 3.3 in 2009. This may, in part, be due to the decreased in 2009. 57.3 global financial crisis when there was a slight decrease in57.3 economic activity. This drop in trip rates is estimated to have caused a decrease in total kilometres travelled by Brisbane Trips (millions)Trips per (millions) person per person residents in 2009.Trips (millions) Brisbane per is theperson only region that saw a decrease in total kilometres and total trips made in 2009, 1992 3.6 Trips (millions) and1992 is primarily responsible for the decrease in kilometres3.6 Trips (millions) travelled for south-east Queensland overall. 2004 3.6 2004 3.6

2007 3.6 2007 3.6

An average trip in Brisbane is 21 minutes long, 2009 3.3 2009covering 9.1 kilometres. 3.3

Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day

66 Minutes 1992 66 Minutes 1992 27.1 27.1 Kilometres Kilometres 72 2004 72 2004 33.1 33.1

76 2007 76 2007 33.3 33.3

67 2009 67 2009 29.5 29.5 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Average trip travel time and distance Averageper day trip travel time and distance per day

18 Minutes 1992 7.4 Kilometres 20 2004 9.3 3.3 21 The average 2007 9.3 number of trips travelled per 21 person per day 2009 in Brisbane in 9.1 2009. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on distance

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Work 17

10% 8% Shopping/ personal 8% 27% 11% Social/ recreation 9% 44% Serve passenger 13% 14% Education

26% 14% Accompanying 19% others

Trip purpose based on distance Work

Shopping 1992 39% 12% 7% 14% 12% 9% 8%

Personal business

2004 42% 12% 6% 16% 10% 7% 7% Social/ recreation

Serve 2007 43% 13% 6% 14% 11% 7% 6% passenger

Education

2009 44% 11% 8% 14% 9% 8% 8% Accompanying others Average trip travel time and distance per day Regions Average trip travel time and distance per day

18 Minutes Purpose1992 of travel | Brisbane 7.4 18 Minutes 1992 Kilometres 7.4 20 Work-related2004 trips continued to be the primary reason for The next two largest demandsKilometres on the transport network in travel in 2009, being the purpose for 27% of all9.3 trips by terms of total20 distance travelled was shopping (11%) and 2004 Brisbane residents. This is followed by shopping trips social/recreation (14%). 9.3 21 that2007 account for 18% of trips. Aside from a moderate increase in the proportion of work-related trips,9.3 the 21 2007 reasons Brisbane residents travel9.3 has changed little Work-related travel accounts21 for 44% of since2009 1992. demand on the transport network in terms 9.1 of kilometres21 travelled. 2009 In terms of distance*Due travelled, to trip weight work-related variation averages oftravel distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. 9.1 accounts for 44% of demand on the transport network. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on distance Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on distance

Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on distance Work

10% 8% Work Shopping/ personal 8% 10% 27% 11% 8% Shopping/ Social/ personal 8% recreation 27% 9% 11% 44% Social/ Serve recreation 9% passenger 13% 44% 14% Serve passenger Education 13% 26% 14% 14% Education Accompanying 19% others 26% 14% Accompanying 19% others

Trip purpose based on distance Trip purpose based on distance Work Trip purpose based on distance Work Shopping 1992 39% 12% 7% 14% 12% 9% 8%

Shopping 1992 39% 12% 7% 14% 12% 9% 8% Personal business

42% 12% 6% 16% 10% 7% 7% 2004 Personal business Social/ recreation 2004 42% 12% 6% 16% 10% 7% 7% Social/ Serve recreation 2007 43% 13% 6% 14% 11% 7% 6% passenger Serve 2007 43% 13% 6% 14% 11% 7% 6% passenger Education

2009 44% 11% 8% 14% 9% 8% Education8% Accompanying others 2009 44% 11% 8% 14% 9% 8% 8% Accompanying others

In 2009, there was a decrease in the proportion of discretionary travel, such as shopping. Serve passenger In 2009, there 1.7 million trips also decreased as a proportion of distance travelled. was a decrease in The decrease in serve passenger This is due to the marked increase in the proportion of total kilometres and shopping trips educational trips being undertaken by active transport. spent travelling for as a proportion of shopping per day Social/recreation, education and work travel remained kilometres travelled. from 2007 to 2009. fairly constant as a proportion of distance travelled.

18 Mode share based on trips Regions

Private vehicle 1% 10% (driver) Travel mode | Brisbane Private vehicle 10% (passenger)

Although the private vehicle still dominates as the Public transport Mode share based on trips primary mode of travel, there has been a continued Mode share based56% on trips Mode share based on trips Walk increase in the mode share of public transport since 1992 23% and a modest increase in active transport mode share Cycle Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 1% 1% (driver) in 2009. This increase in active transport mode share 10% 10% (driver) Private vehiclePrivate vehicle reflects a reverse in the persistent decline since 1992. 10% 10% (passenger)(passenger)

Public transportPublic transport Between 2007 and 2009 Mode share based on trips 56% 56% • 307 000 less private vehicle trips per day. Walk Walk 23% 23% 1992 • 19 300 more public transport77% trips per day. 7% 13% 3% Cycle Cycle • 94 000 more active transport trips per day.

2004 80% 8% 10% 2%

Mode share based on trips Mode shareMode based share onbased trips on trips 2007 81% 9% 8% 2%

1992 1992 77% 77% 7% 7% 13% 13%3% 3% Four out of five trips 2009 79% 10% 10% 1% are made 2004 2004 80% 80% 8% 8%10% 2%10% 2% in a private vehicle.

2007 2007 81% 81% 9% 9%8% 2%8% 2%

2009 2009 79% 79% 10% 10%10% 1%10% 1%

Public and active transportPublic mode and activeshare transportby trip purpose mode share by trip purpose Work

Shopping/ 52% 53% personal

46% Social/ 42% recreation

Education

Accompanying 28% Public andPublic active and transportactive transport mode share mode by share trip purposeby trip purpose 27% others Work Work 25% 25% 23% 22% 22% 22% 21% 21% 21% 53% Shopping/Shopping/ 52% 52% 53% personal personal 15% 14% 15% 46% 46% Social/ Social/ 11% recreation 42% 42% recreation 7% EducationEducation

1992 2004 2007 2009 AccompanyingAccompanying 28% 28% 27% 27% others others 25% 25% 25% 25% 23% 22% 22%22% 22% 22% 23% 21% 21% 21% 21%21% 21% 22%

After a decline in active mode share up to 2007, the mode 15% 15% 15% 14% 14% 15% share for active and public transport has improved11% in11% Public and active 307 000 education travel and accompanying others. The increase transport7% 7% mode share The reduction in in sustainable modes for accompanying others is likely increased significantly private vehicle trips for education trips to be driven by change1992 1992in education mode2004 shares2004 (from 2007 2007 2009 2009 travelled per day from private vehicle to walk or public transport) for parents in 2009. 2007 to 2009. accompanying their children to school.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 19 Regions Trip distance and duration | Brisbane

On average, work related trips are generally twice the distance of other trip purposes. This explains the high demand placed on the network by work related travel.

The high number of work related trips and their tendency to aggregate during certain time periods helps to explain the very large demands placed on the network during peak periods.

The average time for the direct commute to work is the longest of all trip purposes at 32 minutes. In comparison, the average trip length to access shopping or to drop off a passenger is the shortest trip type at 14 minutes.

Work-related trips are generally twice the distance of other trips.

Distance and duration by purpose Distance andDistance duration and by durationpurpose by purpose

32 32 Minutes Minutes

Kilometres (millions)Kilometres (millions)

Work (direct commute)Work (direct commute) 24 24 23 23 Work related travelWork related travel

Shopping Shopping 20 20 19 19 Personal businessPersonal business

Social/recreation Social/recreation

15.1 15.1 15 15 Accompanying Accompanying others others 14 14 14 14 13.1 13.1 Serve passenger Serve passenger

Education Education

9.0 9.0 8.4 8.4

6.9 6.9 6.5 6.56.6 6.6 5.4 5.4

*Due to trip weight*Due variation to trip averages weight variation of distance averages and time of distance cannot be and used time to cannot calculate be averageused to calculatespeed. average speed.

20 Regions Trip distance and duration | Brisbane

The average public transport trip is by far the longest of time spent travelling to and from the public transport all modes at 49 minutes. This includes the time taken stop. The average vehicle driver trip is 19 minutes long. waiting for the public transport service to arrive and the Distance and duration by mode Distance and duration by mode Distance and duration by mode 16 Minutes

7.8 16 Minutes Kilometres (millions) 7.8 19 Kilometres (millions) 10.2 19 Private vehicle 10.2 49 (driver) Private vehicle 14.3 Private vehicle 49 (driver) (passenger) 14.3 22 Private vehicle Public(passenger) transport 4.3 22 Public transport Cycle 4.3 12 Cycle Walk 1.0 12

1.0 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Walk

*Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Average distance (kilometres) by modeAverage distance (kilometres) by mode Average distance (kilometres) by mode 8.8 Private vehicle (driver) 7.2 8.8 Private vehicle Private vehicle (driver) (passenger) 1992 7.2 14.3 Private vehicle Public transport 1992 2.7 14.3 (passenger)

Public transport 1.0 2.7 Cycle

1.0 Cycle 10.6 Walk

8.0 10.6 Walk

2004 8.0 15.9

2004 3.1 15.9

0.9 3.1

0.9 10.6

8.5 10.6

2007 8.5 15.6

2007 3.8 15.6

0.9 3.8

0.9 10.7

8.3 10.7 2009 8.3 15.4 Public transport trips 2009 4.1 15.4 are the longest trips

1.0 4.1 on average.

1.0

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 21 Regions Time of travel | Brisbane

The direct work commute peaks at around 7.30am and 5pm, while education and serve passenger had the largest volumes at 8am and 3pm. Shopping/personal business trips remain at fairly consistent levels from 9am throughout the day, peaking at 3pm.

Proportion of travel during peak time

Proportion of travel during peak time Proportion of travel during peak time

AM peak AM peak

23% PM peak 23% PM peak

Oﬀ peak Oﬀ peak

18% 60% 18% 60%

Time of travel Time of travel Time of travel

250 AM peak 250 PM peak Work (direct commute) AM peak PM peak Work (direct commute)

Work related travel Work related travel 200 200 Social/recreation Social/recreation

Serve passenger /Accompany Serve passenger /Accompany 150 150 Education Education

Shopping/ Personal Shopping/ 100 Personal

Trips (ooo,000) Trips 100 Trips (ooo,000) Trips

50 50

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (24 hours) Time (24 hours)

22 Regions Total travel Average travel Summary | Brisbane Total population (millions) Average minutes per day Change 2004 2.4 2004 72 Total travel Average travel -9.1% 2007 2007 2.6 10% 76 2009 2009 2.7 Growth 67 Total population (millions) Average minutes per day Average trips per day Change 2004 Total trips (millions) 2.4 2004 72 Change-9.1% 2007 6.1 20042007 3.6 2004 2.6 76 10% -11.6% 20072009 6.5 20072009 3.6 2.7 3.5%Growth 67 2009 2009 6.3 Growth 3.3 Total trips (millions) Average trips per day Change Average kilometres per day 3.6 2004 Total kilometres (millions)6.1 2004 -11.6% 2007 Change 20042007 56.9 6.5 2004 33.13.6 3.5% -11.7% 2009 20072009 6.360.8 2007 3.3 33.3 Growth0.7% 2009 2009 57.3 Growth 29.5 Total kilometres (millions) Average kilometres per day Change 2004 56.9 2004 33.1 -11.7% 2007 60.8 2007 33.3 0.7% 2009 2009 57.3 Growth 29.5

Mode shareMode based share onbased trips on (percentages) trips (percentages) Purpose of tripsPurpose based of trips on distance based on distance

7% 7% 8% Growth 14% 11.3 9.5 11.3 Growth 19% 9% Change -18% 10% 11% 8.9 8.2 9.5 Growth 7% 8% Growth 33% Mode share based on trips (percentages) 7% 6%Purpose of trips based on distance

16% 14% 14% 7% 7% 8% Growth 14% 11.3 9.5 11.3 Growth 19% Work 6% 8%9% GrowthChange 33% -18% 6%10% 11% 8.9 8.2 9.5 Growth 7% Shopping 13% 11%8% ChangeGrowth -15% 33% 12%7% 80.4 81.4 79.1 Change -3% 6% Personal business

16% 14% 14% Social/recreation Work 6% 8% 42%6% 43% 44% GrowthGrowth 2% 33% Accompanying Private vehicle othersShopping 13% 11% Change -15% 12% 80.4 81.4 79.1 Change -3% Public transport Serve passenger Personal business

Active transport Education Social/recreation

42% 43% 44% Growth 2% Accompanying 2004 2007 2009 Private vehicle 2004 2007 2009 others

Public transport Serve passenger Data source: household travel surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009. Active transport Education Please note: 1992 population is census usual resident population, while 2004 to 2009 populations are estimated resident population in private dwellings. 2004 2007 2009 2004 2007 2009

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 23 Gold Coast

2% Increase in total kilometres travelled on the Gold Coast from 2007 to 2009. 3.3 Average number of trips travelled per person per day on the Gold Coast. 52 mins The average duration of a public transport trip. Regions Total daily travel | Gold Coast

Gold Coast residents made 1.6 million trips per weekday in 2009, covering 17 million kilometres. This accounts for 18% of weekday trips within south- east Queensland and represents a 28% increase on the total kilometres travelled by Gold Coast residents in 2004.

The total trips and kilometres travelled on the Gold Coast remained fairly consistent between 2007 and 2009, increasing by 1.2% and 2% respectively. The growth in population outstripped growth in total trips and distance travelled for this period.

Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population

230 Population (thousands) 1992 230 Population (thousands) 1992 0.8 0.8 Trips (millions) 422 Trips (millions) 2004 422 2004 1.5 1.5 468 2007 468 1.6 million 2007 1.6 Collective number of 1.6 trips made by Gold 487 Coast residents per 2009 487 2009 1.6 weekday in 2009. 1.6

Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled

230 Population (thousands) 1992 230 Population (thousands) 1992 6.4 6.4 Kilometres (millions) 422 Kilometres (millions) 2004 422 2004 13.6 13.6 468 2007 468 2007 16.9 1.2% 16.9 The growth in total 487 trips travelled on 2009 487 2009 17.3 the Gold Coast from 17.3 2007 to 2009.

Trips (millions) per person Data source: householdTrips (millions) travel surveys per conducted person between 1992 and 2009.

1992 3.5 Please note: 1992 population is census usual resident population, while 2004 to 2009 populations are estimated resident populationTrips in (millions) private dwellings. 1992 3.5 Trips (millions) 2004 3.5 2004 3.5 2007 3.5 Department2007 of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east3.5 Queensland - May 2012 25 2009 3.3 2009 3.3

Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day

58 Minutes 1992 58 1992 27.7 Minutes 27.7 Kilometres 65 Kilometres 2004 65 2004 32.1 32.1

65 2007 65 2007 36.2 36.2

61 2009 61 2009 34.4 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance34.4 and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population

230 Population (thousands) 1992 230 Population0.8 (thousands) 1992 0.8 Trips (millions) 422 Trips (millions) 2004 422 1.5 2004 1.5 468 2007 468 1.6 2007 1.6 487 2009 487 1.6 2009 1.6

Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled 230 Population (thousands) 1992 230 6.4 Population (thousands) 1992 6.4 Kilometres (millions) 422 Kilometres (millions) Regions 2004 422 13.6 2004 13.6 Daily travel | Gold Coast 468 468 2007 16.9 2007 The average number of trips undertaken per person per decrease in economic16.9 activity and full-time employment. 487 day remained steady at 3.5 from 1992 until 2007, but This2009 decline in average trip rates per day is the reason 487 17.3 dropped2009 to 3.3 in 2009. This may, in part, be an effect why total travel and total trips on the Gold Coast of the global financial crisis when there was a slight increased at lower rates17.3 than the population.

Trips (millions)Trips per (millions) person per person Trips (millions) per person

1992 3.5 Trips (millions)

1992 3.5 Trips (millions) 2004 3.5 2004 3.5 2007 3.5 2007 Average trips (per3.5 2009 3.3 person) per weekday 3.3 2009 decreased in 2009.

Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day 58 1992 Minutes 58 27.7 1992 Minutes 27.7 Kilometres 65 Kilometres 2004 65 32.1 2004 32.1 65 2007 65 36.2 2007 36.2 Average trip travel 61 2009 61 time and34.4 distance 2009 34.4 *Due to trip weight variation averageshave of distance remained and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

*Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. stable in 2009.

Average trip travel time and distance perAverage Averageday trip trip travel travel time time and and distance distance per per day day

17 17 MinutesMinutes 19921992 8.0 8.0 KilometresKilometres 19 19 20042004 9.3 9.3 3.3 19 19 20072007 The average 10.510.5 number of trips travelled per 19 19 person per day on 20092009 10.510.5 the Gold Coast.

*Due*Due to trip to tripweight weight variation variation averages averages of distance of distance and and time time cannot cannot be used be used to calculate to calculate average average speed. speed.

TripTrip purpose purpose based based on on trips trips TripTrip purpose purpose based based on on distance distance

WorkWork 26

10%10% 7% 7% Shopping/Shopping/ 7% 7% personalpersonal 27%27% 11%11% PersonalPersonal business business 9% 9% 43%43% Social/Social/ 12%12% recreationrecreation 15%15% ServeServe passengerpassenger 17%17%

15%15% 7% 7% AccompanyingAccompanying 8% 8% 11%11% othersothers

EducationEducation

TripTrip purpose purpose based based on on distance distance WorkWork

Shopping/Shopping/ 20042004 43%43% 14%14% 5% 5% 15%15% 10%10% 6% 6% 7% 7% personalpersonal

PersonalPersonal business business

20072007 43%43% 11%11% 7% 7% 14%14% 11%11% 7% 7% 8% 8% Social/Social/ recreationrecreation

ServeServe 20092009 43%43% 11%11% 7% 7% 15%15% 9% 9% 7% 7% 7% 7% passengerpassenger

AccompanyingAccompanying othersothers

EducationEducation Regions Purpose of travel | Gold Coast

Work-related trips continued to be the Averagelargest reason trip travel for time and distance per day travel on the Gold Coast in 2009, being the purpose for 27% of all trips by Gold Coast residents. Shopping trips 17 Average trip travel time and distance per day Minutes account1992 for 17% of trips made. Gold Coast residents travel for largely the same reasons as they did in8.0 1992, although Kilometres 17 work has increased slightly as a proportion of travel. Minutes 1992 19 2004 In terms of distance travelled,8.0 work-related travel 9.3 Kilometres accounts for 43% of demand on the transport network. At 19 2004 7.2 million kilometres per weekday, this is far larger than 19 any2007 other single trip purpose. Each9.3 of the other purposes 10.5 represents 15% or less of the total distance travelled. 19 2007 19 2009 10.5 Work-related travel accounts for 43% of 10.5 demand on the*Due transport to trip weight variation network averages of indistance terms and time cannot be used to calculate average19 speed. 2009 of kilometres travelled. 10.5

*Due to trip weightTrip variation purpose averages based of distance on and trips time cannot be used to Tripcalculate purpose average speed. based on distance

Work TripTrip purpose purpose based based on on trips trips Trip purposepurpose based based on on distance distance 10% 7% Shopping/ 7% personal 27% Work 11% Personal business 7% 9% 10% 43% Shopping/ personal 7% Social/ 27% 11% 12% recreation Personal business 9% 15% 43% Serve passenger 17% Social/ 12% recreation 15% 7% Accompanying 8% others 15% 11% Serve passenger 17% Education 15% 7% Accompanying 8% 11% others

Education

Trip purpose based on distance Trip purpose based on distance Work

Trip purpose based on distance In Shopping/2009, there 2004 43% 14% 5% 15% 10% 6% 7% personal Work was a decrease inPersonal serve business Shopping/ personal passenger trips 2004 2007 43% 43% 14% 5% 11% 15% 7% 14%10% 6% 11%7% 7% 8% Social/ asrecreation a proportion Personal business of Servekilometres 2007 2009 43% 43% 11% 7% 11% 14% 7% 11%15% 7% 9%8% 7% Social/7% travelled.passenger recreation Accompanying others Serve 2009 43% 11% 7% 15% 9% 7% 7% passenger In 2009 there was a decrease in the proportion of Education 326 000 Accompanying serve passenger travel (from 11% to 9%). This is likely others The decrease in kilometres spent travelling for serve to be due to the increase in education trips being passenger per day from 2007Education to 2009. undertaken by active transport.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 27 Regions

Travel mode | Gold Coast Mode share based on trips

Private vehicle Although private vehicle still dominates as the primary Mode8% share1% based on trips (driver) 4% mode of travel on the Gold Coast, there has been a Mode share based on trips Private vehicle Mode share based on trips (passenger) slight decline in mode share between 2007 and 2009. Mode share based on trips This is compared to a slight increase in active transport Public transportPrivate vehicle 24% 8% 1% Private(driver) vehicle 1% Private vehicle(driver) between 2007 and 2009. The increase in active 4%8% 1% (driver) 8%4% Walk Private vehicle Private(passenger) vehicle transport mode share reflects a reverse in the steady 4% 63% Private vehicle(passenger) (passenger) decline since 1992. Public transport mode share has Cycle Public transport remained steady over time. 24% Public transport 24% Public transport 24% Walk 63% Walk 63% Walk 63% Cycle Almost 9 in 10 trips are made in a privateMode vehicle. share based on trips Cycle Cycle

1992 83% 3% 10% 4% Mode share based on trips Mode share based on trips Mode share based on trips Mode share based on trips 2004 86% 4% 8% 2% 1992 83% 3% 10% 4% 1992 83% 3% 10% 4% 1992 83% 3% 10% 4% 2007 88% 4% 6% 2% 2004 86% 4% 8% 2% 2004 86% 4% 8% 2% 2004 86% 4% 8% 2% 2009 87% 4% 8% 1% 2007 88% 4% 6% 2% 2007 88% 4% 6% 2% 2007 88% 4% 6% 2%

2009 87% 4% 8% 1% 2009 87% 4% 8% 1% 2009 87% 4% 8% 1%

Public and active transportPublic mode and share active by transport trip purpose mode share by trip purpose

43% Work

Public and39% active transport mode share by trip purpose Public and active transport mode share by trip purpose 38% Shopping/ Public and active transport mode share by35% trip purpose personal

43% Personal businessWork 43% Work 43% 39% 38% WorkSocial/ 24% 24% 39% Shopping/ 38% recreationShopping/personal 21% 39% 35% 21% 38% Shopping/personal 19% 35% 35% Educationpersonal 16% Personal business 14% Personal business 13% Personal business Social/ 24% 24% 11% 10% 9% 10% Social/ 24% 9% 24% 10% recreation 8% 21% 21% Social/ recreation 24% 24% 7% 21% 19% 21% recreation 21% 19% 21% Education 16% Education 16% 19% 14% 28 800 13% Education 16% 14% 13% 11% 1992 2004 10% 2007 9% 200910%14% The increase in 8% 13% 9% 10% 10% 10% 11% 7%9% 8% 9% 10% 11% active transport 10% 9%7% 10% 8% 9% 10% 7% trips travelled per day from The increase in active1992 transport is evident2004 across most 2007 2009 1992 2004 2007 2009 2007 to 2009. trip purposes1992 on the Gold Coast, 2004primarily education trips.2007 2009

28 Regions Trip distance and duration | Gold Coast

Gold Coast residents travel the furthest for work-related travel, nearly twice the distance of all other trip purposes.

Less variation is shown between the other trips purposes. On average, Gold Coast residents travel the shortest distance to access shopping and to accompany others.

In comparison to Brisbane, Gold Coast residents travel a slightly further distance for all trip purposes, especially for the direct work commute, but interestingly the trip duration is shorter for the work commute (26 minutes compared to 32 minutes in Brisbane).

Work-related trips are generally twice the distance of other trips.

Distance and duration by purpose DistanceDistance and duration and duration by purpose by purpose

Minutes Minutes 26 26

KilometresKilometres (millions) (millions)

21 21 Work (directWork commute) (direct commute) 20 20 20 20

Work relatedWork travel related travel

17.6 17.6 ShoppingShopping

16 16 Personal businessPersonal business 15 15

14.1 14.1 14 14 14 14 Social/recreationSocial/recreation

AccompanyingAccompanying others others

10.7 10.7 Serve passengerServe passenger

EducationEducation 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.4 7.9 7.9 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7

*Due to trip*Due weight to trip variation weight averagesvariation ofaverages distance of anddistance time cannotand time be cannot used to be calculate used to averagecalculate speed. average speed.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 29 Regions Trip distance and duration | Gold Coast

The average public transport trip is by far the longest of all average vehicle driver trip is 19 minutes long. Gold Coast modes at 52 minutes. This includes the time taken waiting residents travel the furthest on public transport compared for the public transport service to arrive and the time to other regions. The average public transport trip is 22 spent travelling to and from the public transport stop. The kilometres long, a 3 kilometre increase since 2007.

Distance and duration by mode Distance and duration by mode Distance and duration by mode

19 Minutes 19 Minutes 11.7 11.7 Kilometres (millions) 15 Kilometres (millions) 15 8.8 8.8 Private vehicle (driver) 52 Private vehicle (driver) 52 Private vehicle 22.2 Private(passenger) vehicle 22.2 (passenger) Public transport 18 Public transport 18 3.7 Cycle 3.7 Cycle 13 Walk 13 Walk 1.2 1.2 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Average distance (kilometres) by mode Average distance (kilometres) by mode Average distance (kilometres) by mode

9.2 Private vehicle (driver) 9.2 Private vehicle 8.0 (driver) Private vehicle 8.0 (passenger) 1992 12.4 Private vehicle 1992 (passenger) 12.4 Public transport 2.9 Public transport 2.9 1.2 Cycle 1.2 Cycle

10.3 Walk 10.3 Walk 7.6 7.6 2004 19.7 2004 19.7 3.1 3.1 1.0 1.0 11.6 11.6 8.9 8.9 2007 19.1 2007 19.1 3.7 Gold Coast 3.7 1.0 residents are 1.0 travelling further 11.7 on average on 11.7 8.8 public transport 8.8 2009 22.2 than they have in 2009 22.2 the past. 3.7 3.7 1.2 1.2

30 Regions Time of travel | Gold Coast

The highest volume of travel occurs outside of peak travel times.

Proportion of travel during peak time ProportionProportion of travel of during travel duringpeak time peak time

AM peak

AM peak 22% PM peak 22% PM peak Oﬀ peak

Oﬀ peak

61% 17%

Time of travel Time of travel Time of travel

60 AM peak PM peak Work (direct commute) 60 AM peak PM peak Work (direct commute) Work related travel 50 Work related travel 50 Social/recreation

Social/recreation 40 Serve passenger/ Accompany 40 Serve passenger/ Accompany Education

30 Education Shopping/ 30 Personal Shopping/

Trips (ooo,000) Trips Personal 20 Trips (ooo,000) Trips 20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Time (24 hours) Time (24 hours)

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 31 Regions Total travel Average travel Summary | Gold Coast

Total population (thousands) Average minutes per day Change 2004 Total travel 422 2004 Average travel65 (2007-09) -5.9% 2007 2007 65 468 15%

2009 487 Growth 2009 61 Total population (thousands) (2004-09) Average minutes per day Change 2004 Total trips (millions) 422 2004 Average trips per day65 (2007-09) Change-5.9% 20042007 1.5 20042007 65 3.5 468 15% -5.1% 20072009 1.6 487 Growth 20072009 61 3.5 12.4%(2004-09) 2009 1.6 2009 Growth 3.3 Total trips (millions) Average trips per day Change 2004 Total kilometres (millions)1.5 2004 Average kilometres per day 3.5 -5.1% Change 20042007 13.6 1.6 20042007 32.1 3.5 12.4% -6.8% 2009 1.6 2009 2007 16.9 Growth 2007 36.23.3 27.5% 2009 17.3 2009 34.4 Growth Total kilometres (millions) Average kilometres per day Change 2004 13.6 2004 32.1 -6.8% 2007 16.9 2007 36.2 27.5% 2009 17.3 2009 34.4 Growth

Mode shareMode based share onbased trips on (percentages) trips (percentages) Purpose of tripsPurpose based of trips on distance based on distance

9.2 7.5 9.1 Growth 21% 7% 8% 7% Change -13%

4.4 4.4 4.2 Change -5% 10% 11% 9% Change -18%

Mode share based on trips (percentages) Purpose7% of trips based on distance 6% 7%

15% 14% 15% Growth 7% 9.2 7.5 9.1 7% 8% 7% Change -13% Growth 21% Work 4.4 4.4 4.2 Change -5% 5% 10% 7%11% 7%9% Change -18% Shopping 14%6% 11% 11%7% 86.1 88.1 86.6 Change -2% 7% Personal business 15% 14% 15% Growth 7% Social/recreationWork 5% 7% 7% Accompanying Private vehicle Shopping 43% 43% 43% others 14% 11% 11% 86.1 88.1 86.6 Change -2% Public transport ServePersonal passenger business

Active transport EducationSocial/recreation

Accompanying 2004 2007 2009 Private vehicle 2004 2007 2009 43% 43% 43% others

Public transport Serve passenger Data source: household travel surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009.

Active transport Education Please note: 1992 population is census usual resident population, while 2004 to 2009 populations are estimated resident population in private dwellings.

2004 2007 2009 2004 2007 2009

32 Sunshine Coast

4.7% Increase in total kilometres travelled on the Sunshine Coast from 2007 to 2009. 3.4 Average number of trips travelled per person per day on the Sunshine Coast. 10.4 km The average distance of a trip made by Sunshine Coast residents.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Regions Total daily travel | Sunshine Coast

Sunshine Coast residents collectively made 1.1 million trips per weekday in 2009, covering 11 million kilometres. This accounts for 12% of weekday trips within south-east Queensland and represents an 11% increase on the total kilometres travelled by Sunshine Coast residents in 2004.

1.1 million Number of total trips made by Sunshine Coasts residents per weekday in 2009.

Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population

148 Population (thousands) 1992 148 Population (thousands) 1992 0.5 0.5 Trips (millions) Trips (millions) 271 2004 271 2004 1.0 1.0

296 296 2007 2007 1.1 1.1

305 2009 305 2009 1.1 1.1

Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled

148 Population (thousands) 1992 148 Population (thousands) 1992 4.7 4.7 Kilometres (millions) Kilometres (millions) 271 2004 271 2004 10.1 10.1

296 296 2007 2007 10.7 4.4% 10.7 The increase in 305 305 the total trips in 2009 2009 11.2 Sunshine Coast 11.2 from 2007 to 2009.

Trips (millions) per person Data source: householdTrips travel (millions) surveys perconducted person between 1992 and 2009.

Please1992 note: 1992 population is census usual resident population,3.5 while 2004 to 2009 populations are estimated resident population in private dwellings. 1992 3.5

2004 3.8 2004 3.8

2007 3.6 34 2007 3.6

2009 3.4 2009 3.4

Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day

55 1992 55 Minutes 1992 Minutes 31.4 31.4 Kilometres Kilometres 65 2004 65 2004 37.1 37.1

63 63 2007 2007 36.1 36.1

58 58 2009 2009 35.5 35.5 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Daily total trips and population Daily total trips and population

148 Population (thousands) 1992 148 Population0.5 (thousands) 1992 Trips (millions) 0.5 271 Trips (millions) 2004 271 1.0 2004 1.0 296 2007 296 1.1 2007 1.1 305 2009 305 1.1 2009 1.1

Daily total kilometres travelled Daily total kilometres travelled

148 Population (thousands) 1992 148 Population4.7 (thousands) 1992 Kilometres (millions) 4.7 271 Kilometres (millions) 2004 Regions 271 10.1 2004 10.1 Daily travel | Sunshine Coast 296 2007 296 10.7 2007 10.7 The average number of trips undertaken per person per decrease305 in economic activity and full-time employment. day peaked at 3.8 in 2004 and decreased to 3.4 in 2009. The2009 lower trip rate explains why the number of trips 305 11.2 This2009 lower trip rate in 2009 may, in part, be an effect travelled on the Sunshine Coast has remained fairly of the global financial crisis when there was a slight stable despite a growing11.2 population.

Trips (millions)Trips per (millions) person per person Trips (millions) per person

1992 3.5

1992 3.5 2004 3.8

2004 3.8 2007 3.6

2007 3.6 Average trips per 2009 3.4 weekday decreased 2009 in 2009. 3.4

Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day Daily travel time and distance per day

55 1992 Minutes 55 31.4 1992 Minutes Kilometres 31.4 65 Kilometres 2004 65 37.1 2004 37.1 63 2007 63 The average 36.1 2007 36.1 trip time on the Sunshine Coast is 58 2009 58 the lowest of all 35.5 2009 the regions. 35.5 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Average trip travel time and distanceAverage perAverage day trip trip travel travel time time and and distance distance per per day day

16 16 MinutesMinutes 19921992 8.9 8.9 KilometresKilometres 17 17 20042004 9.8 9.8

18 18 20072007 3.4 10.0 10.0 The average number of trips travelled per 17 17 person per day on 20092009 10.4 10.4 the Sunshine Coast.

*Due*Due to trip to tripweight weight variation variation averages averages of distance of distance and and time time cannot cannot be usedbe used to calculate to calculate average average speed. speed.

TripTrip purpose purpose based based on tripson trips TripTrip purpose purpose based based on distanceon distance

WorkWork Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 35 9% 9% 8% 8% Shopping/Shopping/ personal 22% personal 22% 8% 8% 10% 10% 34% 34% PersonalPersonal business business 9% 9% Social/ 11% 11% Social/ recreationrecreation 19% 19% ServeServe 18% 18% passengerpassenger 19% 19% 13% 13% AccompanyingAccompanying 11% 11% 10% 10% othersothers

EducationEducation

TripTrip purpose purpose based based on distanceon distance WorkWork

Shopping/Shopping/ 20042004 33% 33% 16% 16% 9% 9% 19% 19% 9% 9% 7% 7% 7% 7% personalpersonal

PersonalPersonal business business 2007 34% 13% 7% 18% 12% 7% 8% 2007 34% 13% 7% 18% 12% 7% 8% Social/Social/ recreationrecreation

ServeServe 20092009 34% 34% 13% 13% 10% 10% 18% 18% 9% 9% 8% 8% 8% 8% passengerpassenger

AccompanyingAccompanying othersothers

EducationEducation Regions Purpose of travel | Sunshine Coast

Work trips were the largest reason for travel on the Sunshine Coast in 2009, being 22% of all trips. This is followed closely by shopping and social/recreation, which each account for 19% of trips. This proportion is higher when compared to Brisbane and the Gold Coast. The travel purposes of Sunshine Coast residents as a proportion of trips has varied little since 1992, aside from a slight decrease in the proportion of shoppingAverage trips trip and travel time and distance per day slight increase in social/recreation trips.

Average trip travel time and distance per day 16 Minutes In terms1992 of distance travelled, work-related travel accounts for 34% of demand on the Sunshine Coast8.9 transport network. Kilometres 16 Minutes 1992 17 2004 Social/recreation (18%) and shopping8.9 and personal 9.8 business (13%) represent the next two largest demands Kilometres 17 2004 on the transport network in terms of total distance 18 2007 travelled. All other trips purposes represent9.8 10% or less of 10.0 all trips. 18 17 2007 2009 10.0 10.4 326 000 Work-related travel accounts for one third of The decrease in kilometres generated per *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to17 calculate average speed. 2009 demand on the transport network in terms of day from trips made to serve a passenger kilometres travelled. 10.4 from 2007 to 2009. *Due to trip weight variation averages Tripof distance purpose and based time cannot on trips be used to calculateTrip purposeaverage speed. based on distance

Work Trip purposeTrip purpose based based on tripson trips TripTrip purpose purpose based onon distance distance 9% 8% Shopping/ personal 22% 8% 10% Work 34% Personal business 9% 8% 9% Shopping/ personal Social/ 11% 22% 8% 10% recreation 34% Personal business 19% 9% Serve 18% passenger 11% Social/ 19% 13% recreation Accompanying 11% 10% others 19% Serve 18% passenger Education 19% 13% Accompanying 11% 10% others

Education

Trip purpose based on distance Trip purpose based on distance Work In 2009, thereShopping/ was 2004 33% Trip purpose based16% on distance9% 19% 9% 7% 7% personal Work a decrease in Personalserve business Shopping/ passenger 2004 2007 33% 34% 16% 9% 13% 19%7% 18%9% 7% 12%7% 7% personal8% Social/ tripsrecreation as a Personal business proportionServe of 2009 34% 13% 10% 18% 9% 8% 8% passenger 2007 34% 13% 7% 18% 12% 7% 8% Social/ kilometres. recreation Accompanying others Serve 2009 34% 13% 10% 18% 9% 8% 8% passenger Education Accompanying others 36 Education Regions Mode shareMode based share on trips based on trips Travel mode | Sunshine Coast Private vehicle Private vehicle 1% 1% 2% 2% (driver) (driver) Private vehicle still dominates as the primary mode 4% Mode4% share based on trips Private vehicle Private vehicle Mode share basedMode shareon trips based on(passenger) trips (passenger) of travel, and has remained steady between 2004 Mode share based on tripsPublic transportPublic transport and 2009. Both active transport and public transport Private vehicle 25% 25% 1%1% (driver) have maintained similar levels of mode share on the 2%8% (driver) Walk Walk 4%4% 61% 61% Private vehiclePrivate vehicle Sunshine Coast since 2004. 1% 2% (driver) (passenger) Cycle Cycle 4% Private vehicle Public transport (passenger) 24% 25% Public transportWalk 61% 25% 63% Mode shareMode based share on trips based on trips Walk Cycle 61%

Almost 9 in 10 trips are made in a private vehicle. Cycle 1992 1992 80% 80% 4% 13%4% 3% 13% 3%

Mode shareMode based share onbased trips on trips 2004 2004 86% 86% 3% 9% 2%3% 9% 2% Mode share based on trips Mode share based on trips 19921992 83%80% 4% 3% 10%13% 3%4%

86% 86% 4% 8% 2%4% 8% 2% 2007 1992 2007 80% 4% 13% 3% 20042004 86%86% 3%4% 9%8% 2%2%

86% 86% 4% 8% 2%4% 8% 2% 20092004 2009 86% 3% 9% 2% 20072007 88%86% 4%4% 8%6% 2%2%

2007 86% 4% 8% 2%

20092009 87%86% 4%4% 8%8% 2%1%

2009 86% 4% 8% 2%

Public and Publicactive andtransport active mode transport share mode by trip share purpose by trip purpose Public and active transport mode share by trip purpose

60% 60% Work Work

PublicPublic andand activeactive transporttransport modemode share by trip purpose Shopping/ Shopping/ personal personal 47% 47% 46% 46% Public and active transport mode share by trip purpose 44% 44%Social/ Social/ 43% recreation Workrecreation 60% Work 39% Accompanying Accompanying 38% Shopping/ others othersShopping/ 60% Work personal 35% personal 47% 24% 24% 46% Education Education 44% Shopping/PersonalSocial/ business 20% 20% 20% 20% 21% 21% 20% 20% personal recreation 16% 16% 47% 46% 44% Social/ 24% 13% 13% 24% Social/ Accompanying 11% 11% 11% 11%11% 11% recreation 21% 10% 10% 21% recreationothers 8% 8%7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%6% 6% 19% AccompanyingEducation 16% 24% Education others 21% 14% 20% 13% 20% 20% 1992 1992 2004 2004 2007 2007 200911% 2009 24% 16% 10% 9% 10% Education 8% 9% 13% 10% 20% 20% 21% 11% 7% 10% 20%11% 11% 16% 7% 7% 6% 8% 7% Active and public transport mode share13% has remained 11% 10% The public11% and active11% transport mode share fairly consistent across trip purposes over time. Use 8% 1992 7% 20047% 6% 2007 increased7% for 2009accompanying others in 2009. of public and active transport1992 for education has2004 been 2007 2009

declining over time,1992 while for accompanying2004 other trips 2007 2009 there has been an increase.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 37 Regions Trip distance and duration | Sunshine Coast

Sunshine Coast residents travel the furthest for work- related travel at 16.9 kilometres, nearly twice the distance of discretionary travel trips including social/recreation, personal business and shopping.

On average, Sunshine Coast residents travel the shortest distance to access shopping at 7.5kilometres.

In comparison to Brisbane, Sunshine Coast residents travel a slightly greater distance for all trip purposes but typically have shorter average travel times.

Work-related trips are generally twice the distance of discretionary trips.

Distance and duration by modeDistance andDistance duration and by duration purpose by purpose

Minutes Minutes

23 23 Kilometres (millions)Kilometres (millions)

20 20 20 20 Work (direct commute)Work (direct commute)

Work related travelWork related travel 16.9 16.9 17 17

16 16 Shopping Shopping 15.6 15.6

Personal businessPersonal business 14 14 14 1414 14

Social/recreationSocial/recreation

Accompanying Accompanying others others

Serve passengerServe passenger 9.6 9.69.6 9.6 9.1 9.1 8.6 8.6 8.2 8.2 Education Education 7.5 7.5

*Due to trip *Dueweight to variationtrip weight averages variation of averagesdistance andof distance time cannot and time be used cannot to calculate be used toaverage calculate speed. average speed.

38 Regions Trip distance and duration | Sunshine Coast

The average public transport trip is by far the longest of time spent travelling to and from the public transport all modes at 47 minutes. This includes the time taken stop. In comparison, the average vehicle driver trip is 16 waiting for the public transport service to arrive and the minutes long.

Distance and duration by mode Distance and duration by mode Distance and duration by mode 16 Minutes 16 11.5 Minutes

11.5 Kilometres (millions) 15 Kilometres (millions) 15 9.9 9.9 Private vehicle 47 (driver) Private vehicle 47 Private(driver) vehicle 19.0 (passenger) Private vehicle 19.0 (passenger) 20 Public transport 20 Public transport 3.7 Cycle 3.7 Cycle 12 Walk 12 1.1 Walk *Due to trip1.1 weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Average distance (kilometres) by mode Average distance (kilometres) by mode Average distance (kilometres) by mode 10.2 10.2 9.5 Private vehicle (driver) 9.5 Private vehicle 1992 17.9 Private(driver) vehicle 1992 17.9 (passenger) 2.3 Private vehicle (passenger) 2.3 Public transport 1.2 Public transport 1.2 Cycle 10.9 Cycle 10.9 9.1 Walk 9.1 Walk 2004 21.1 2004 21.1 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.1 10.9 10.9 9.6 9.6 2007 21.0 2007 21.0 2.7 2.7 1.0 1.0 11.5 11.5 9.9 9.9 2009 19.0 2009 19.0 3.7 Public transport trips are 3.7 by far the longest 1.1 1.1

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 39 Regions Time of travel | Sunshine Coast

As expected, both work commuting and education travel have pronounced peaks in the morning and afternoon. In contrast, shopping/personal business and social/recreation trips are conducted throughout the day. Of all the regions, the Sunshine Coast has the highest proportion of trips outside of typical peak times, with more than two thirds of trips outside the AM and PM peak.

Proportion of travel during peak time ProportionProportion of travel of during travel duringpeak timepeak time

AM peak AM peak 22% 22% PM peak PM peak

Oﬀ peak Oﬀ peak 10% 10% 68% 68%

Time of travel Time of travel Time of travel

40 AM peak PM peak Work (direct commute) 40 AM peak PM peak Work (direct commute)

35 Work related travel 35 Work related travel

30 Social/recreation 30 Social/recreation Serve passenger/ 25 Serve passenger/ Accompany 25 Accompany Education 20 Education 20 Shopping/ Shopping/ Personal

Trips (ooo,000) Trips 15 Personal

Trips (ooo,000) Trips 15

10 10

5 5

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (24 hours) Time (24 hours)

40 Regions Total travel Average travel Summary | Sunshine Coast

Total population (thousands) Average minutes per day Change 2004 Total travel271 2004 Average travel65 -7.7% 2007 2007 63 296 112%

305 2009 58 2009 Total population (thousands) Growth Average minutes per day Change 2004 Total trips (millions) 271 2004 Average trips per day65 -7.7% 2007 20042007 63 3.8 Change 2004 1.0 296 112% -5.7% 305 58 20072009 1.1 Growth 20072009 3.6 4.4% 2009 1.1 2009 3.4 Total trips (millions) Growth Average trips per day

2004 2004 3.8 Change Total kilometres (millions)1.0 Average kilometres per day -5.7% 2007 3.6 20042007 1.1 2004 37.1 Change 10.1 4.4% 2009 1.1 2009 3.4 -1.6% 2007 10.7 Growth 2007 36.1 11% 2009 2009 35.5 11.2 Growth Total kilometres (millions) Average kilometres per day Change 2004 10.1 2004 37.1 -1.6% 2007 10.7 2007 36.1 11% 2009 2009 35.5 11.2 Growth

Mode shareMode based share on based trips on (percentages) trips (percentages) Purpose of tripsPurpose based of tripson distance based on distance

7% 10.6 9.9 10.0 Growth 1% 8% 8%

10% 3.4 3.6 4.1 Growth 14% 9% Change -25% 12% Mode share based on trips (percentages) 7% Purpose of trips based on distance 8% Growth 14% 7%

19%7% 10.6 9.9 10.0 Growth 1% 8% 18%8% 18% Work 10% 3.4 3.6 4.1 Growth 14% 9% Change -25% 12% 9% Shopping 7% 10% Growth 43% 7% 8% Growth 14% 85.7 86.3 85.8 Change -1% 7% Personal business 16% 13% 13% 19% 18% 18% Social/recreationWork

Accompanying Private vehicle 9% Shopping 7% 10% Growth 43% others 85.7 86.3 85.8 Change -1% 33% 34% 34% Public transport ServePersonal passenger business 16% 13% 13%

Active transport EducationSocial/recreation

Accompanying Private vehicle 2004 2007 2009 2004 2007 2009 others 33% 34% 34% Public transport Serve passenger Data source: household travel surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009. Active transport Education Please note: 1992 population is census usual resident population, 2004 to 2009 population are estimated resident population in private dwellings. 2004 2007 2009 2004 2007 2009

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 41 Central Business District travel

24% The proportion of all kilometres generated by the CBD & surrounds 3 in 4 The proportion of workers who travel to the CBD in the AM peak by public transport 50 mins The average duration of a CBD inbound commute

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Destinations Total travel and purpose of travel | CBD travel

This chapter offers a brief summary of travel to and from (but not within, unless stated) the Brisbane CBD and surrounds. The CBD and surrounds is the greatest trip generator in the region, with 10% of total trips (including trips within the CBD and surrounds) in south-east Queensland originating in or destined for the CBD. This corresponds to 12% of the distance travelled by south-east Queensland residents on a typical weekday. The Brisbane CBD has a very high density of jobs, and this is reflected in the dominance of the trip profile by work trips. The CBD surrounds have a greater proportion of social and recreation and education trips.

TotalTotal trips TripsTotalTotal in inTrips2009 Trips2009 in in2009 2009 TotalTotal TotalKilometreskilometresTotal Kilometres Kilometres in in 2009 2009 in in2009 2009

CBD andCBD surroundsCBD and and surrounds surrounds 10% (842,00010%10%(842,000 trips)(842,000 trips) trips) 12% (10.612%12% million(10.6(10.6 millionkilometres) million kilometres) kilometres)

All othersAll Allothers others

(75.2 million(75.2 millionkilometres) kilometres) 90% 90%(8.290% million(8.2(8.2 milliontrips) million trips) trips) 88% 88%88% (75.2 million kilometres)

Trip TrippurposeTripTrip purpose purpose purpose based based on based trips on on on trips trips trips Trip purpose purposeTripTrip purpose purpose based based based on based on trips ontrips on -trips Inbound trips - Inbound- Inbound - Inbound to CBD to to toCBDCBD CBD - Inbound- Inbound- Inbound- Inbound to to CBDCBD to toCBD CBD

CBD CBDCBD 66% 66%66% 6% 4%6%6%7%4%4% 7%10%7% 10%6%10% 6%6%

8% 8%8%

11% 11%11% SurroundsSurroundsSurrounds 52% 52%52% 7% 6%7%7% 6%14%6% 14%14%12% 12%12%11% 11%11%

10% 10%10% 59% 59%59%

5% 5%5% PersonalPersonal Social/ Social/Social/ Serve ServeServe Work WorkWork ShoppingShoppingShopping Personal EducationEducationEducation 6% 6%6% businessbusinessbusiness recreationrecreationrecreation passengerpassengerpassenger

Two in three Trips to the CBD are for work purposes. Data Source: Combined data of 2004 & 2007 household travel survey, unless otherwise indicated.

Overall south-east Queensland results: household travel survey 2009.

Trip purposeTripTrip purpose purpose based based on based trips on on trips trips Trip purposeTripTrip purpose purpose based based on based trips on on -trips Inbound trips - Inbound - Inbound to CBD to toCBD CBD Department- Inbound- Inbound- Inbound toof CBDTransport to toCBD CBD and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 43

CBD CBDCBD 34% 34%34% 9% 9%9% 54% 54%54% 3% 3%3%

3% 3%3%

SurroundsSurroundsSurrounds 53% 53%53% 14% 14%14% 29% 29%29% 4% 4%4%

43% 43%43% 43% 43%43%

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle Private vehiclePrivate vehicle Private vehicle Private vehicle Public transportPublicPublic transport transport Active transportActiveActive transport transport (driver) (driver)(driver) (passenger)(passenger)(passenger) 11% 11%11% Total Trips in 2009 Total Kilometres in 2009

CBD and surrounds 10% (842,000 trips) 12% (10.6 million kilometres)

All others

90% (8.2 million trips) 88% (75.2 million kilometres)

Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on trips - Inbound to CBD - Inbound to CBD

CBD 66% 6% 4% 7% 10% 6%

Destinations8%

11% Mode share | CBD travelSurrounds 52% 7% 6% 14% 12% 11%

10% 59%

Travel5% to the Brisbane CBD shows a mode split very unlike public transport when quality infrastructure is provided. Social/ Serve the broader travel patterns of south-east Queensland.Work Shopping Personal Education 6% In spite of the favourablerecreation mode share seen in trips to the Public transport and vehicle driver trips have the same business passenger CBD, the volume of travel the CBD attracts, along with mode share for trips to the CBD. Public transport use is the concentration of much of this travel in peak periods, especially high to the CBD. makes the area highly susceptible to congestion on major Driving conditions, parking charges and a number of inbound roads. competitive high-frequency radial public transport Active transport trips to the CBD are lower than the routes enhance the attractiveness of public transport for average south-east Queensland mode share. accessing the CBD. This suggests that strong demand for

TripTrip purpose purpose based based on on trips trips Trip purposeTrip purpose based based on trips on trips - Inbound - Inbound to CBDto CBD - Inbound- Inboundto CBD to CBD

CBD 34% 9% 54% 3%

Surrounds 53% 14% 29% 4%

43% 43%

Private vehicle Private vehicle Public transport Active transport (driver) (passenger) 11%

Public transport has a particularly enhanced role in bringing workers to the CBD in the AM peak. Of all trips to Three in four the CBD and surrounds two thirds are via public transport. The proportion of workers who travel to the CBD This indicates very limited scope to shift AM peak CBD in the AM peak by public transport. commuters from private vehicle to public transport.

Mode share - work commute AM peakModeMode share share – work – work commute commute AM AM peak peak

Private vehicle OverallOverall South-east South-east Private vehicle 70%70% 6% 6% 20%20% 4% 4% (driver)(driver) QueenslandQueensland PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (passenger)(passenger) CBDCBD and and 28%28% 5% 5% 65%65% 3% 3% surroundssurrounds PublicPublic transport transport

ActiveActive transport transport 16% 5% 76% 3% CBDCBD 16% 5% 76% 3%

SurroundsSurrounds 52%52% 4% 4% 42%42% 2% 2%

For AM work commutes to the CBD, public transport use well surpasses vehicle use. TripTrip distance distance and and duration duration – direct – direct work work commute commute

OverallOverall South-east South-east 30 30 MinutesMinutes QueenslandQueensland 15.715.7 44 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east QueenslandKilometresKilometres - May 2012 47 CBDCBD and and 47 surroundssurrounds 19.719.7

50 50 CBDCBD 20.420.4 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012

43 43 SurroundsSurrounds 18.418.4 *Due*Due to tripto trip weight weight variation variation averages averages of distanceof distance and and time time cannot cannot be beused used to calculateto calculate average average speed. speed. Destinations Trip distance and duration | CBD travel

On average, CBD workers travel further for work than the average work commute in south-east Queensland. The average work commute to the CBD is 20 kilometres, taking 50 minutes. This compares to an average work for south-east Queensland of 16 kilometresMode share and –30 work minutes. commute AM peak The longer work trip distances to the CBD are driven by Overall South-east Private vehicle higher average distances for all modes – including70% active 6% 20% 4% (driver) Queensland transport. The average active transport work commute to Private vehicle the CBD covers 4.7 kilometres in 31 minutes. (passenger) CBD and 28% 5% 65% 3% For CBDsurrounds travel, both public transport and vehicle driver Public transport trips share the same average distance. In terms of Active transport duration, vehicleCBD driver16% trips are5% significantly faster, 76% 3% 35 minutes compared to 57 minutes on average. Accessibility analysis (analysis not shown here) indicates 52% 4% 42% 2% that in areasSurrounds close to major rail lines and high-frequency bus routes, public transport offers a highly competitive way of getting to the CBD, with equal or better times than car travel in the same areas.

Trip distance and duration – direct work commute Trip distance and duration - direct work commute

Overall South-east 30 Minutes Queensland 15.7 Kilometres

CBD and 47 surrounds 19.7

50 CBD 20.4

43 Surrounds 18.4 *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

CBD workers travel a further 4 kilometres and 20 minutes one way to get to work than the average south-east Queensland worker.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 45 Destinations Trip distance and duration | CBD travel

For the CBD work commute, vehicle passenger distance travel, as it would enable the use of High Occupancy is shorter on average than vehicle driver trips, but only Vehicle (HOV) lanes. However, this may be offset by time slightly shorter in duration. It would be expected that spent picking up and dropping off passengers. there should be higher time savings for vehicle passenger

Distance by modeDistance (kilometres) by mode -(kilometres) inbound work – inbound commute work commute

Private vehicle 20.5 21.5 21.3 21.2 (driver)

Private vehicle (passenger)

Public transport

Active transport

20.8 18.8 17.4 15.7 15.7 15.9 3.4 4.2 4.7 16.6 13.9 2.6

Overall South-east CBD and CBD Surrounds Queensland surrounds

Distance by modeDistance (kilometres) by mode -(kilometres) inbound work – inbound commute work commute

21.5 Private vehicle 21.3 21.2 (driver) 20.5 20.8 Private vehicle 18.8 (passenger) 17.4 16.6 Public transport 15.7 15.7 15.9 Active transport 13.9

4.7 4.2 3.4 2.6

Overall South-east CBD and CBD Surrounds Queensland surrounds

46 Destinations Travel time | CBD travel

The CBD attracts a very high proportion of work trips and has very high mode shares for public transport relative to other destinations in south-east Queensland. This produces a very ‘peaked’ trip distribution through the day, characterised by large numbers of commute trips at the beginning and end of the working day. Of all trips inbound and outbound from the CBD, three in five are during the AM and PM peak (32% in the AM, 28% in the PM). The effect of work trips in producing peaks in the distribution of trips is substantial and visible in this graph, while non-work trips follow a far more even distribution.

Distribution of trips Distribution of trips Distribution of trips

AM peak AM peak

28% PM peak 28% PM peak 32% 32% Oﬀ peak Oﬀ peak

40% 40%

Time of travel to CBD (all modes) Time of travel to CBDTime (all of modes) travel to CBD (all modes)

AM peak PM peak Inbound (all trips) AM peak 90,000 PM peak Inbound (all trips) 90,000 Outbound (all trips) 80,000 Outbound (all trips) 80,000 Inbound work 70,000 Inbound work 70,000 Outbound work 60,000 Outbound work 60,000 Inbound non-work 50,000 Inbound non-work

50,000 Trips

Trips Outbound non-work 40,000 Outbound non-work 40,000

30,000 30,000

20,000 20,000

10,000 10,000

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (24 hours) Time (24 hours)

Time of travel to CBD (all modes) Time of travel to CBD (all modes) Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 47

Inbound Inbound vehicle vehicle Outbound AM peakOutbound PM peak vehicle AM peak 60,000 PM peak vehicle 60,000 Inbound Inbound public transport public transport 50,000 Outbound 50,000 Outbound public transport public transport Inbound 40,000 Inbound active transport 40,000 active transport Trips Outbound Trips 30,000 Outbound active transport 30,000 active transport

20,000 20,000

10,000 10,000

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (24 hours) Time (24 hours) Distribution of trips

AM peak

28% PM peak 32%

Oﬀ peak

40%

Time of travel to CBD (all modes)

AM peak PM peak Inbound (all trips) 90,000

Outbound (all trips) 80,000

Inbound work 70,000

Outbound work 60,000

Inbound non-work 50,000 Trips Outbound non-work 40,000 Destinations 30,000

Travel20,000 time | CBD travel

10,000 Public transport travel to the CBD has shorter and more concentrated0 peak travel times than vehicle trips. This is In the AM peak the number of public transport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 likely due to the peak spreading of vehicle trips to avoid trips into the CBD is higher than vehicle trips. peak congestion. Time (24 hours)

Time of travel to CBD (all modes) Time of travel to CBD (all modes)

Inbound vehicle

Outbound AM peak PM peak vehicle 60,000 Inbound public transport

50,000 Outbound public transport

Inbound 40,000 active transport

Trips Outbound 30,000 active transport

20,000

10,000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (24 hours)

48 Destinations Summary | CBD travel Total travel Average travel Total travel Average travel Total trips (millions) Distance of work commute 10%

South-east Total trips (millions) South-east Distance of work commute 8.2 75.2 Queensland 10% Queensland 30%

Diﬀerence CBD and South-eastCBD and 10.6 South-east .842 surrounds 75.2 Queenslandsurrounds 8.2 Queensland 30% CBD proportion CBD and 10.6 Diﬀerence CBD and .842 surrounds surrounds CBD proportion

Total kilometres (millions) Duration of work commute (minutes) 12%

South-east South-east Total kilometres (millions)75.2 Duration of work commute30 (minutes) Queensland Queensland 12% 67% CBD and South-eastCBD and 50 South-east 10.6 75.2 30 Diﬀerence Queenslandsurrounds Queenslandsurrounds 67% CBD proportion CBD and CBD and 10.6 50 surrounds surrounds Diﬀerence CBD proportion

Mode share - all Modetrip purposes share – all trip purposes Purpose of tripsPurpose - based of trips on – tripsbased on trips

Mode shareDiﬀerence – all trip -73% purposes Purpose of trips – based on trips 3% 10% 6% Diﬀerence -40%

10% Difference -55% Difference -73% 3% 10% 6% Difference -40% 22% Difference -53% 54% 7% Difference 575% 10% Difference -55% 8% 4% Difference -56% 22% 7% Difference -53% 11% 54% 6% Difference -67% Difference 575% 15% 8% 4% Difference -56% Work 11% 6% Difference -67% 15%9% Shopping Work 66% Difference 144% 9%18% Personal business Shopping 81% 43% Difference -47% 66% Difference 144% Private vehicle 18% Social/recreation Personal business

81% 43% Diﬀerence -47% Public transport 27% Accompanying Private vehicle Social/recreation

Active transport Education Public transport 27% Accompanying

South-east CBD Active transport South-east CBD Education Queensland Queensland

South-east CBD South-east CBD Queensland Queensland

Data Source: Combined data of 2004 & 2007 household travel survey, unless otherwise indicated.

Overall south-east Queensland results: household travel survey 2009.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 49 Principal Activity Centres

7% of all trips in south-east Queensland travel to a Principal Activity Centre. 1 in 2 trips to Principal Activity Centres are for shopping and personal business. 5% the average active transport mode share for Principal Activity Centres. Destinations Total travel | Principal activity centres

The South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 identified 18 locations as principal activity centres, around which economic activity within the region is focussed. This network of centres has been developed as a planning tool with the aim of increasing accessibility to services and jobs, reducing transport demand and facilitating an efficient public transport system. This chapter offers a brief summary of travel to and from 14 of these principal activity centres (as identified in the map). The chapter focuses on combined travel behaviour from 2004 and 2007, to and from the centres (but not within).

Total tripsTotal in 2009daily trips in 2009

Principal activity centres

7% (592,000 trips) All others

93% (8.5 million trips)

Principal activity centres generate roughly 7% of the total travel in south-east Queensland. Between 10,000 and 35,000 trips are travelled to individual centres per day. Southport and Upper Mount Gravatt have the highest transport demand of all principal activity centres with over 35,000 visits over an average weekday.

Number of daily trips travelled to the principal activity centre

Brisbane Chermside 27 000

Indooroopilly 29 000

Carindale 21 000 Data source: Combined data of 2004 and 2007 household travel survey.

Mt Gravatt 34 000 Please note, Springfield principal activity centre was excluded from

majority of analysis forRest statistical of Greater reasons. Brisbane Unless otherwise stated, Caboolture 10 000 figures do not include travel within the activity centres. Morayﬁeld 9 000

Springwood 15 000

Beenleigh 26 000 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 51 Capalaba 20 000

Cleveland 9 000

Ipswich CBD 21 000

Gold Coast Southport 35 000

Robina 19 000

Sunshine Coast Maroochydore 31 000 Total daily trips in 2009

Principal activity centres

7% (592,000 trips) All others

93% (8.5 million trips)

Destinations Total travel and travel mode | Principal activity centres

Number of daily trips travelled to the principal activity centre Number of daily trips travelled to the principal activity centre

Brisbane Chermside 27 000

Indooroopilly 29 000

Carindale 21 000

Mt Gravatt 34 000

Rest of Greater Brisbane Caboolture 10 000

Morayﬁeld 9 000

Springwood 15 000

Beenleigh 26 000

Capalaba 20 000

Cleveland 9 000

Ipswich CBD 21 000

Gold Coast Southport 35 000

Robina 19 000

Sunshine Coast Maroochydore 31 000

Mode share The private vehicle currently dominates as the mode of Mode share choice for travel to principal activity centres. 4% 5% 5% 6% Private vehicle (driver) In most cases, private vehicle mode share for trips to 8% 6% 6% 2% principal activity centres is higher than the average within Public transport each region. The exception the Gold Coast, where vehicle 88% 89% 89% 91% mode share is comparable. Active transport Public transport is generally slightly lower than regional averages. Principal Trips to principal activity centres were also less likely to activity be undertaken by walking, especially in Brisbane. Trips centres to principal activity centres were also less likely to be account for undertaken by bicycle, especially on the Gold Coast. This 7% of total indicates there is potential to increase the mode share of travel in walking and cycling to these principal activity centres. south-east Brisbane Greater Gold Sunshine Brisbane Coast Coast Queensland.

Mode share 52

Private vehicle Brisbane (driver)

Chermside 90% 7% 3% Public transport

Active transport Indooroopilly 79% 9% 12%

Carindale 94% 5% 1%

Mt Gravatt 91% 8% 1%

Rest of Greater Brisbane

Caboolture 75% 13% 12%

Morayﬁeld 94% 4% 2%

Springwood 93% 4% 3%

Beenleigh 89% 5% 6%

Capalaba 96% 3% 1%

Cleveland 87% 4% 9%

Ipswich CBD 95% 4% 1%

Gold Coast

Southport 85% 8% 7%

Robina 96% 2% 2%

Sunshine Coast

Maroochydore 91% 3% 6% Mode share

4% 5% 5% 6% Private vehicle (driver) 8% 6% 6% 2% Public transport 88% 89% 89% 91%

Active transport Destinations Travel mode | Principal activity centres

It is worth noting that several individual centres displayed lower private vehicle mode shares, notably Ipswich Central Business District (75%), Indooroopilly (79%) and to a lesser extent, Southport (85%). These centres illustrate that principal activity centres are able to achieve a substantially reduced private vehicleBrisbane modeGreater shareGold to thatSunshine Brisbane Coast Coast of the regional average, under certain circumstances.

Private vehicle mode share to principal activity centres is higher than the regional average while public transport use is lower.

Mode share Mode share

Private vehicle Brisbane (driver)

Chermside 90% 7% 3% Public transport

Active transport Indooroopilly 79% 9% 12%

Carindale 94% 5% 1%

Mt Gravatt 91% 8% 1%

Rest of Greater Brisbane

Caboolture 75% 13% 12%

Morayﬁeld 94% 4% 2%

Springwood 93% 4% 3%

Beenleigh 89% 5% 6%

Capalaba 96% 3% 1%

Cleveland 87% 4% 9%

Ipswich CBD 95% 4% 1%

Gold Coast

Southport 85% 8% 7%

Robina 96% 2% 2%

Sunshine Coast

Maroochydore 91% 3% 6%

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 53 Destinations Purpose of travel | Principal activity centres

The single largest purpose for visiting principal activity centres across all regions is for shopping and personal business – the second largest purpose is for work-related trips. Brisbane principal activity centres have a lower proportion of work-related travel compared to the other principal activity centres. This suggests that the further these centres are from the primary activity centre (i.e. Brisbane CBD), the stronger employment role they play within their regions. All other purposes are low compared to their regional averages. This suggests that many principal activity centres are still quite limited in their functions. A more integrated and diverse network of centres might show a greater mix of land use. The trips to principal activity centres that generate Around 1 in 2 trips to principal activity centres are higher levels of public and active transport use are for shopping and personal business. social/recreation trips and shopping trips.

Trip purpose based on trips Trip purpose based on trips

Trip purpose based on trips Work Brisbane 43% 5% 15% 10% 6%

Shopping/ personal Work Rest ofBrisbane Greater 43% 5% 15% 10% 6% 43% 7% 14% 11% 7% Brisbane Personal business Shopping/ personal Rest of Greater Social/ 43% 7% 14% 11% 7% recreation GoldBrisbane Coast 43% 7% 15% 9% 7% 1% Personal business Serve passengerSocial/ recreation Gold Coast 43% 7% 15% 9% 7% 1% Sunshine Coast 43% 7% 15% 9% 7% Education Serve passenger

Sunshine Coast 43% 7% 15% 9% 7% Education Mode share by trip purpose

Mode share by trip purpose Mode share by trip purpose Private vehicle Work 43% 7% 14% (driver)

Public transport Private vehicle Shopping/Work 43% 7% 14% (driver) personal 43% 5% 15% Active transport Public transport Shopping/ Personal personal 43% 5% 15% business 43% 7% 15% Active transport

Personal Social/ business 43% 7% 15% recreation 43% 7% 15%

Social/ recreationServe 43% 7% 15% passenger 43% 7% 15%

Serve passenger 43% 7% 15%

Average trip travel time and distance per day

17 Average trip travel time and distance per dayMinutes 19 19 19

Kilometres 17 Minutes 19 19 19

Kilometres

10.5 9.3 8.0 10.5 10.5 9.3 8.0 10.5

Brisbane Greater Gold Sunshine Brisbane Coast Coast *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Brisbane Greater Gold Sunshine Brisbane Coast Coast *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Trip purpose based on trips

Work Brisbane 43% 5% 15% 10% 6%

Shopping/ personal Rest of Greater 43% 7% 14% 11% 7% Brisbane Personal business

Social/ recreation Gold Coast 43% 7% 15% 9% 7% 1% Serve passenger

Sunshine Coast 43% 7% 15% 9% 7% Education

Mode share by trip purpose

Private vehicle Work 43% 7% 14% (driver)

Public transport Shopping/ personal 43% 5% 15% Active transport

Personal business 43% 7% 15%

Social/ recreation 43% 7% 15%

Serve passenger 43% 7% 15%

Destinations Trip distance and duration | Principal activity centres

Trips to principal activity centres are on average between AverageAverage trip traveltrip travel time time and and distance distance per per day day 8.5 – 9.5 kilometres (higher on the Sunshine Coast), with an average travel time of 20 minutes. For Brisbane, this compares 17 Minutes fairly consistently to average trip rates for the region. 19 19 19 On the Gold Coast, average distance travelled to principal Kilometres activity centres is further than the average trip in the region, but duration is comparable. For the Sunshine Coast, the average distance spent travelling to principal activity centres is longer than other regions. 10.5 In Brisbane, the direct work commute to principal activity 9.3 centres is fairly comparable to the regional average. However 8.0 10.5 people travel further to shop at principal activity centres than the average shopping trip. On the coasts, the direct work commute to principal activity centres is lower on average than the regional average for a work commute. However, on the Sunshine Coast people travel further than the average to access their principal Brisbane Greater Gold Sunshine activity centre for shopping. Brisbane Coast Coast *Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Distance by purpose (kilometres) Distance by purpose (kilometres)

Brisbane Work (direct commute) 15.1 Greater Brisbane Shopping 5.4

14.4 Brisbane only 7.7

Rest of Greater 14.7 Brisbane 7.3

Gold Coast 17.6 Gold Coast average 6.7

Gold Coast 12.1 activity centres 6.2

Sunshine Coast 16.9 Sunshine Coast average 7.5

Sunshine Coast 11.9 activity centre 11.6

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 55 Destinations Summary | Principal activity centres

Total travel

Total trips (millions) Total trips (millions)

Rest of South-east Rest of South-east 8.5 Queensland 8.5 7% Queensland Principal activity 7% Principal activity .592 Proportion centres (to/from) .592 centres (to/from) Proportion

Total kilometres (millions) Total kilometres (millions)

Rest of South-east Rest ofQueensland South-east 83.1 Queensland 83.1 6% Principal activity 6% Principal activity 5.3 Proportion centres (to/from) 5.3 centres (to/from) Proportion

Average travel

Mode share – all trip purposes Purpose of trips – based on trips Mode share – all trip purposes Purpose of trips – based on trips

1% Difference -57% 1% Difference -90% 5% Difference -90% 11% Difference -57% 10% 5% 14% 11% 10% Difference -36% 5% Difference -34% 14% Difference -36% Difference -34% 8% 5% 8% 10% Difference -33% 22% Difference -33% 22% 10% 9% 9%

81% 90% Difference 11% 15% 81% 90% Difference 11% 15% Work Work 9% 42% Difference 147% 42% Difference 147% 9% Shopping Shopping 17% 17% Personal business Personal business

Private vehicle Social/recreation Private vehicle Social/recreation Accompanying Public transport 27% 25% Diﬀerence -7% othersAccompanying Public transport 27% 25% Diﬀerence -7% others Active transport Education Active transport Education

South-east Principal South-east Principal QueenslandSouth-east Principalactivity QueenslandSouth-east Principalactivity Queenslandaverage activitycentre Queenslandaverage activitycentre average centre average centre

Data source: Combined data of 2004 & 2007 HTS

Please note, Springfield principal activity centre was excluded from majority of analysis for statistical reasons. Unless otherwise stated, figures do not include travel within the activity centres.

56 Work Travel

27% The proportion of all trips that are travelled for work. 3 in 4 The proportion of workers who commute to work by private vehicle. 30 minutes Average duration of a work commute.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Trip purposes Total travel | Work travel

This chapter offers a brief summtary of travel for work purposes. Work-related trips continue to be the largest single reason for travel in south-east Queensland, accounting for more than one quarter of all trips made in the region, and 42% of all kilometres travelled. The direct work commute makes up the majority of the work travel in both trips and kilometres travelled. Other work travel accounts for roughly one quarter of all work travel. ‘Other work travel’ includes all trips for work besides direct work commutes, so this can include non-direct work commutes such as one that involved an interim activity such as dropping children off to school or going to the shops. It can also include other work travel such as travel to meetings. The total work trips travelled daily decreased slightly in 2009, despite a growing population.

Total Trips in 2009 Total Kilometres in 2009 Total tripsTotal in 2009 Trips in 2009 Total kilometresTotal Kilometres in 2009 in 2009

CBD and surrounds 27% (2.4 million trips) 42% (36.4 million kilometres) CBD and surrounds 27% (2.4 million trips) 42% (36.4 million kilometres) All others

All others

73% (6.6 million trips) 58% (49.4 million kilometres)

ProportionProportion of work of worktrips trips TotalTotal daily daily workwork tripstrips travelled travelled (thousands) (thousands) Proportion of work trips Total daily work trips travelled (thousands)

1710 1705 Work (direct commute)

29% 1441 1710 1705 Work (direct commute) Work related travel

29% 1441 Work related travel

828 794 738 677 708 828 794 738 71% 677 708

71%

1992 2004 2007 2009

Data Source: Household Travel Survey 1992 - 2009

Proportion of total work kilometres Total daily work kilometres travelled (millions) Proportion of total work kilometres Total daily work kilometres travelled (millions)

58 Department of Transport27.9 and Main Roads, Travel in south-eastWork (direct Queensland commute) - May 2012 26.8 27.9 Work (direct commute) 26% 23.6 26.8 Work related travel

26% 23.6 Work related travel

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 11.1 9.4 9.6 74% 8.8 11.1 6.3 9.4 9.6 74% 8.8 6.3

1992 2004 2007 2009

1992 2004 2007 2009 Total Trips in 2009 Total Kilometres in 2009

CBD and surrounds 27% (2.4 million trips) 42% (36.4 million kilometres)

All others

73% (6.6 million trips) 58% (49.4 million kilometres)

Proportion of work trips Total daily work trips travelled (thousands)

1710 1705 Work (direct commute)

29% 1441 Work related travel

828 794 738 677 708

71% Trip purposes Total travel and travel mode1992 | Work2004 travel2007 2009

Proportion of total work kilometres Total daily work kilometres travelled (millions) Proportion of total work kilometres Total daily work kilometres travelled (millions)

27.9 Work (direct commute) 26.8

26% 23.6 Work related travel

Total kilometres travelled in the 11.1 9.6 direct commute to 9.4 8.8 74% work decreased in 6.3 2009, while total kilometres for

1992 2004 2007 2009 other work travel increased.

Work travel is more dependent on vehicle driver trips than Since 2004, mode shares for the direct work commute the average trip in south-east Queensland. Roughly 3 in have remained relatively stable. 4 work commutes are made as a vehicle driver. The larger proportion of vehicle driver trips are at the expense of vehicle passenger and active transport trips. However, the Three in four work commutes are made as a direct work commute does attract a higher mode share vehicle driver. than average for public transport.

Mode share - work travel Mode share – work travel

Private vehicle (driver) Work (direct (driver) Work (direct 75% 6% 14% 2% 3% commute) 75% 6% 14% 2% 3% Private vehicle (passenger)

Work related 79% 7% 3% 11% Public transport travel 79% 7% 3% 11%

Cycle

All trips 58% 24% 8% 1% 9% Walk

Mode share - direct work commute Mode share – direct work commute

Private vehicle 1992 71% 10% 12% 3% 4% (driver)

Private vehicle (passenger) 2004 75% 7% 14% 1% 3% Public transport

2% Cycle 2007 76% 7% 13% 2%

Walk

2009 75% 6% 14% 2% 3%

Trip distance and duration – direct work commute Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 59

30 Minutes South-east Queensland 15.7 Kilometres

32 Brisbane 15.1

26 Gold Coast 17.6

23 Sunshine Coast 16.9

* Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Trip distance and duration – direct work commute

26 Minutes 1992 13.4 Kilometres

30 2004 16.4

31 2007 16.3

30 2009 15.7

* Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Mode share – work travel

Private vehicle (driver) Work (direct commute) 75% 6% 14% 2% 3% Mode share – work travel Private vehicle (passenger) Private vehicle Work related (driver)Public transport Work (directtravel 79% 7% 3% 11% commute) 75% 6% 14% 2% 3% Private vehicle Trip purposes Cycle(passenger) WorkAll related trips 58% 24% 8% 1% 9% 79% 7% 3% 11% Public transport travel Walk

Trip distance and duration | Work travel Cycle All trips 58% 24% 8% 1% 9% Walk The average direct work commute is 30 minutesMode share on – direct work commute average, travelling 15.7 kilometres. Compared to the coastal regions, the average Brisbane work commute Private vehicle 1992 (driver) distance is shorter but duration is longer. Mode71% share – direct work commute 10% 12% 3% 4% Private vehicle Since 2004, the average duration of the work commute (passenger) 2004 75% 7% 14% 1% 3% Private vehicle has remained1992 steady at 30 minutes, while distance71% 10% 12% 3% 4% (driver)Public transport

travelled has been decreasing. Private vehicle 2% Cycle(passenger) 2007 76% 7% 13% 2004 75% 7% 14% 1%2% 3% Public transport Walk The average distance of the direct work commute 2009 75% 6% 14% 2% 3%2% Cycle 2007 76% 7% 13% has decreased since 2004. 2%

Walk

2009 75% 6% 14% 2% 3%

Trip distance and duration - direct workTrip commute distance and duration – direct work commute

30 Minutes South-east Trip distance and duration – direct work commute Queensland 15.7 Kilometres

30 Minutes South-east 32 QueenslandBrisbane 15.7 15.1 Kilometres

32 26 Brisbane Gold Coast 15.1 17.6

26 23 GoldSunshine Coast Coast 17.6 16.9

* Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. 23 Sunshine Coast Trip distance and duration16.9 – direct work commute * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

26 Minutes Trip distance1992 and duration - direct workTrip commute distance and duration – direct work commute 13.4 Kilometres

26 Minutes 30 1992 2004 13.4 16.4 Kilometres

30 31 2004 2007 16.4 16.3

30 31 2007 2009 16.3 15.7

* Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. 30 2009 15.7

* Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

60 Trip purposes Trip distance and duration | Work travel

In Brisbane, the average duration travelled has remained fairly steady over time, while the distance Brisbane has seen a decrease in travelled has decreased from 16.1 kilometres in 2004 the average work commute distance to 15.1 kilometres in 2009. since 2004. On the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast, average distance and duration has remained fairly stable since 2004.

Trip distance and duration - direct workTrip distance commute and duration – direct work commute

1992 Minutes 27 Brisbane 13.4 Kilometres

21 Gold Coast 12.7

Sunshine 20 Coast 14.1

2004 32 Brisbane 16.1

27 Gold Coast 17.3

Sunshine 23 Coast 16.5

2007 33 Brisbane 16.0

27 Gold Coast 17.7

23 Sunshine Coast 16.4

2009 32 Brisbane 15.1

26 Gold Coast 17.6

23 Sunshine Coast 16.9

* Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 61 Trip purposes Trip distance and duration | Work travel

The decrease in the average distance travelled is reflected Public transport commute times have decreased in 2009, in lower commute distances for vehicle driver and public while active transport and vehicle commute times have transport work commutes, whereas distance travelled for remained relatively stable. bike commutes increased in 2009. The average duration for travel to work is fairly Work commute average distances have comparable for vehicle and active transport modes, fallen for public transport and vehicle whereas public transport travel times are more than driver commutes. double the other modes.

Distance by mode (kilometres) – direct work commute Distance by mode (kilometres)Distance by -mode direct (kilometres) work commute – direct work commute

20.9 Private vehicle (driver) 19.5 20.9 19.3 Private vehicle (driver)Private vehicle 18.1 (passenger) 19.5 19.3 16.7 16.6 Private vehicle 18.1 16.0 16.0 Public(passenger) transport 16.7 16.6 16.0 16.0 Public transport 13.8 13.6 13.2 Cycle

13.8 13.6 Cycle 11.3 13.2 Walk

11.3 Walk

6.7 5.6 5.5 4.8 6.7 5.6 5.5 4.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.4

1.5 1.3 1.1 1.4 1992 2004 2007 2009

1992 2004 2007 2009

Distance by mode (minutes)Duration - directby mode work (minutes) commute – direct work commute Duration by mode (minutes) – direct work commute Private vehicle 60 59 (driver) 56 Private vehicle 60 Private vehicle 53 59 (driver) (passenger) 56 Private vehicle 53 Public(passenger) transport

Public transport Cycle

Cycle Walk

26 27 27 26 26 Walk 26 25 23 25 23 22 27 27 21 26 26 26 26 25 25 23 22 18 23 21 17 16 13 18 17 16 13

1992 2004 2007 2009

62 Trip purposes Indirect work trips | Work travel

In 2009, almost 20% of all journeys to work involved ProportionProportion of of worktips work trips one or more activity on the way for any purposes. The

majority of these only involve one activity, while a Work direct small proportion involve two or more. 3% commute 16% Work indirect Around 40% of all indirect trips are to serve Proportion of work trips (1 interim activity)

passenger, while 37% of all indirect trips are for Work indirect (2+ interim activity) shopping, social reasons or personal business. Work direct 3% commute In 2009, the proportion of indirect work journeys 16% Work indirect (1 interim activity) remained relatively stable. Sunshine Coast residents 80% are slightly more likely than the rest of south-east Work indirect (2+ interim activity) Queensland to include an interim activity in their work journeys.

Work commutes – proportion of indirect trips80%

South-east 23% 23% 23% 23% 24% 23% Queensland 22% 22% 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% Work commutes - proportionWork commutes of indirect – proportion trips of indirect trips 20% 20% 19% Brisbane

Gold Coast South-east 23% 23% 23% 23% 24% 23% Queensland Sunshine Coast 22% 22% 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% 20% 20% 19% Brisbane

Gold Coast

Sunshine Coast

1992 2004 2007 2009

1992 Direct work2004 commutes 2007 Indirect2009 work commutes

Private vehicle (driver) 5% 6% 2%

14% Direct work commutes Indirect work commutes Public transport

Active transport Private vehicle (driver) 5% 6% 2%

14% Public transport 81% 92% Active transport

81% 92% Mode share – work commute with interim activity vs. direct commutes

Brisbane Private vehicle 77% 18% 5% direct (driver)

Brisbane Public transport Mode share – work commute with interim activity vs.91% direct commutes 7% 2% indirect Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Active transport 63 Brisbane Gold Coast Private vehicle 77% 91% 18% 5% 4% 5% direct direct (driver)

Brisbane Gold Coast Public transport 97% 91% 7% 2% 1% 2% indirect indirect Active transport Gold Coast Sunshine 91% 95% 4% 5% 2% 3% direct Coast direct

Gold Coast Sunshine 97% 91% 1% 2% 5% 4% indirect Coast indirect

Sunshine 95% 2% 3% Coast direct

Sunshine 91% 5% 4% Coast indirect Proportion of work trips Proportion of work trips Work direct 3% commute Work direct 16% 3% Work indirect commute (1 interim activity) 16% Work indirect Work indirect (1 interim activity) (2+ interim activity) Work indirect (2+ interim activity)

80%

Trip purposes 80% Indirect work trips – mode | Work travel Work commutes – proportion of indirect trips Indirect work commuters have a Workhigher commutes proportion – proportion of of indirect trips private vehicle mode share than those that travel directly South-east 23% 23% 23% 23% 24% 23% Queensland 22% to work. 22% South-east 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% 23% 24% 23% 23% 23% 23% 20% 20% 19% Brisbane Queensland This is especially the22% case in Brisbane, where direct22% work 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% 20% 20% 19% Brisbane commutes are twice as likely to be using public transport Gold Coast

or active transport for their journey than those who have Gold Coast an interim activity on the way to or from work. Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast On the Sunshine Coast, indirect commuters are more likely to use public and active transport.

Private vehicle mode share for indirect work commuters1992 is higher2004 than direct commuters.2007 2009 1992 2004 2007 2009

DirectDirect work workcommutes commutes IndirectIndirect work work commutes commutes Direct work commutes Indirect work commutes Private vehicle (driver) 5% 6% 2% Private vehicle 14% (driver) 5% 6% 2% Public transport

14% Public transport Active transport

Active transport

81% 92% 81% 92%

Mode share – work commute with interim activity vs. direct commutes Mode share - workMode commute share with– work interim commute activity with interim vs. direct activity work vs. commutes direct commutes Brisbane Private vehicle 77% 18% 5% direct (driver) Brisbane Private vehicle 77% 18% 5% Brisbane direct Public transport (driver) 91% 7% 2% indirect Brisbane Public transport 91% 7% 2%Active transport indirect Gold Coast 91% 4% 5% Active transport direct Gold Coast Gold Coast 91% 4% 5% direct 97% 1% 2% indirect Gold Coast 97% 1% 2% indirect Sunshine 95% 2% 3% Coast direct Sunshine 95% 2% 3% Sunshine Coast direct 91% 5% 4% Coast indirect Sunshine 91% 5% 4% Coast indirect

64 Trip purposes Indirect work trips distance | Work travel

The indirect commute is much further than a direct trip, with an interim activity for the journey to work adding an average of 6 kilometres on to the trip (or an extra 35% further than an average commute). The journey from work with an interim activity adds an extra 4 kilometres (or 26% further than an average commute). For the journey to work, indirect commuters who are using a vehicle travel an extra 6 kilometres on average, or 38% further than direct commuter. Indirect commuters using public transport or active transport are more likely to travel further for their journey An indirect commute to work is on average from work than their journey to work. 35% longer than a direct commute.

Journey distance (kilometres) JourneyJourney distance distance (kilometres) (kilometres) JourneyJourney distance distance (kilometres) (kilometres)

JourneyJourney distance distance (kilometres) (kilometres) JourneyJourney 16.5 16.5 Direct Directtrip trip Journeyto workJourneyto work 16.5 16.5 Direct Directtrip trip to workto work 22.3 22.3 With interimWith interim 22.3 22.3 activityactivity JourneyJourney 16.5 16.5 DirectWith interim DirectWithtrip interim trip activityactivity to workto work 16.6 16.6 JourneyJourney 22.3 22.3 16.6 16.6 With interimWith interim fromJourney workfromJourney work activityactivity from workfrom work 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 JourneyJourney 16.6 16.6 from workfrom work 20.8 20.8 JourneyJourney distance distance (kilometres) (kilometres) – journey – journey to work to work Journey distance (kilometres) - journeyJourneyJourney to workdistance distance (kilometres) (kilometres) – journey – journey to work to work

JourneyJourney distance distance (kilometres) (kilometres) – journey16.7 – journey16.7 to work to work Direct Directtrip trip PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 16.7 16.7 Direct Directtrip trip PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 23.0 23.0 With interimWith interim 16.7 16.7 23.0 23.0 DirectWithactivity interim DirectWithactivitytrip interim trip PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle activityactivity 19.4 19.4 23.0 23.0 With interimWith interim PublicPublic transport transport 19.4 19.4 activityactivity PublicPublic transport transport 18.6 18.6 18.6 19.418.6 19.4 PublicPublic transport transport 3.6 3.6 18.6 18.6 ActiveActive transport transport 3.6 3.6 ActiveActive transport transport 4.0 4.0 3.64.0 3.64.0 ActiveActive transport transport 4.0 4.0 JourneyJourney distance distance (kilometres) (kilometres) – journey – journey from from work work JourneyJourney distance distance (kilometres) (kilometres) – journey – journey from from work work

Journey distance (kilometres) - journeyJourneyJourney from distance workdistance (kilometres) (kilometres) – journey – 17.0journey 17.0from from work work Direct Directtrip trip PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 17.0 17.0 Direct Directtrip trip PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 20.8 20.8 With interimWith interim 17.0 17.0 20.8 20.8 DirectWithactivity interim DirectWithactivitytrip interim trip PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle activityactivity 19.0 19.0 20.8 20.8 With interimWith interim PublicPublic transport transport 19.0 19.0 activityactivity PublicPublic transport transport 24.5 24.5 19.0 19.0 24.5 24.5 PublicPublic transport transport 3.5 3.5 24.5 24.5 ActiveActive transport transport 3.5 3.5 ActiveActive transport transport 4.4 4.4 3.5 4.43.5 4.4 ActiveActive transport transport 4.4 4.4

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 65 Trip purposes Summary | Work travel

Total travel

Total commuter trips (millions)

27% Rest of South-east Queensland 6.6

Work travel 2.4

CBD proportion

Total commuter kilometres (millions)

42% Rest of South-east Queensland 49.4

Work travel 36.4

CBD proportion

Mode share Average travel

5% Diﬀerence -55% 11% Distance of work commute 14% Diﬀerence 75% 8%

All purpose average 9.5 6% Diﬀerence -75% 65% Direct work 24% commute 15.7 Diﬀerence

Duration of work commute (minutes) 58% 75% Diﬀerence 29%

Private vehicle All purpose average (driver) 20 50% Private vehicle Direct work (passenger) commute 30 Diﬀerence Public transport

Active transport

All purpose Direct work average commute Data Source: Household Travel Survey (HTS) 1992 - 2009

66 School Travel

4.2 km Average distance travelled to school by primary school students in 2009. 1 in 4 The proportion of school students who travel to school by active transport. 1 in 4 Car trips during the AM peak is for school travel.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Trip purposes Total travel | School travel

This chapters looks at school travel in south-east Queensland. The majority of analysis has been conducted at student level. Results at a total level (such as total trips, total kilometres of school travel and time of travel of school trips) have been analysed to include all travel made for school purposes, including student travel and those who take students to school. In 2006, there were around 390,000 school students in south-east Queensland. For every three primary school students, there are two secondary school students.

Total number of students 2006 Total number of students 2006

Education Brisbane 43% 30% (primary)

Education (secondary) Gold Coast 9% 6% Total number of students 2006

Sunshine Coast 6% 5% Education Brisbane 43% 30% (primary)

Education (secondary) Gold Coast 9% 6% School trips make up almost 17% of all trips travelled in Because school trips are shorter than the average trip, Total daily trips in 2009 Total daily kilometres in 2009 Sunshinesouth-east Queensland each weekday. This includes both school travel accounts for one in ten kilometres travelled 6% 5% studentCoast travel and those involved in taking students to in south-east Queensland each weekday. school. Education (primary) 17% (1.5 million trips) (8.3 million kilometres) 10% All other purposes Total dailyTotal trips daily intrips 2009 in 2009 TotalTotal daily daily kilometres kilometres in 20092009

Education (primary) 17% (1.5 million trips) (8.3 million kilometres) 10% All other 90% (77.5 million kilometres) 83% (7.5 million trips) purposes

One in ten Number of kilometres (77.5 million kilometres) 83% (7.5 million trips) 90% travelled in south-east Queensland are for school purposes.

Data Source: Household Travel Surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009. Number of students from Australia Bureau of Statistics Census 2006. Please note: Majority of analysis conducted at a student level, however total travel results represent total school travel – both students and those involved in student travel i.e. serve passenger and accompany other school trips. Primary school students are from years 1 – 7 (excluding prep), while secondary school students are from years 8 – 12.

68 Trip purposes Trip distance | School travel

In 2009, the average distance travelled to school was 4.2 kilometres for primary school students and 7.7 kilometres for secondary school students. These distances are consistent with 1992 levels, despite some fluctuation in the years between. Shorter trips to primary education are expected since there are generally more primary schools within a community, so accessibility is typically better for primary school students. A high proportion of school trips are within distances that are favourable to active transport. Two in five trips made by primary school students are less than two kilometres. One in three trips made by secondary school students are less than five kilometres.

The average primary school trip is half that of a secondary school trip.

Average trip distance (kilometres) AverageAverage trip distance trip distance (kilometres) (kilometres)

3.7 Education 3.7 Education 1992 (primary) 1992 (primary) 7.7 Education 7.7 Education (secondary) (secondary)

4.2 4.2 2004 2004 9.0 9.0

4.7 4.7 2007 2007 7.4 7.4

4.2 4.2 2009 2009 7.7 7.7

Trip distance Trip distance Trip distance Less than 1 km Less than 1 km

Between 1 - 2 km Primary school Between 1 - 2 km Primary school 19% 22% 32% 19% 8% students 19% 22% 32% 19% 8% students Between 2 - 5 km Between 2 - 5 km Secondary Secondary 5% 8% 20% 19% 19% school students5% 8% 20% 19% 19% Between 5 - 10 km school students Between 5 - 10 km

10 km + 10 km +

Average trip distance (kilometres) by region Department of Transport and Main Roads, TravelAverage in south-easttrip distance Queensland (kilometres) - May by region 2012 69

3.6 Education 3.6 Education Brisbane (primary) Brisbane (primary) 7.6 Education 7.6 Education (secondary) (secondary) 6.5 6.5 Gold Coast Gold Coast 9.3 9.3

5.0 Sunshine 5.0 Sunshine Coast Coast 6.8 6.8

Trip distanceTrip distance by region by region

Less than 1 km Less than 1 km Brisbane 12% 14% 26% 21% 28% Brisbane 12% 14% 26% 21% 28% Between 1 - 2 km Between 1 - 2 km

Gold Coast 9% 10% 26% 24% 31% Between 2 - 5 km Gold Coast 9% 10% 26% 24% 31% Between 2 - 5 km

Between 5 - 10 km Sunshine Between 5 - 10 km Sunshine 11% 12% 26% 21% 30% Coast11% 12% 26% 21% 30% Coast 10 km + 10 km + Average trip distance (kilometres)

3.7 Education 1992 (primary) Average trip distance (kilometres) 7.7 Education (secondary)

4.2 3.7 Education 2004 1992 (primary) 9.0 7.7 Education (secondary)

4.7 4.2 2007 2004 7.4 9.0

4.2 4.7 2009 2007 7.7 7.4

4.2 2009 7.7

Trip distance Less than 1 km Trip purposes Between 1 - 2 km Primary school 19% 22% 32% 19% 8% students Trip distance Between 2 - 5 km Trip distance | School travel Less than 1 km Secondary 5% 8% 20% 19% 19% Between 5 - 10 km school students Between 1 - 2 km Primary school 19% 22% 32% 19% 8% Brisbanestudents primary school students travel a shorter Gold Coast primary and secondary students travel the 10 km + distance on average than school students in the coastal furthest distance, a higher proportion of tripsBetween being 2 - 5 km more Secondary regions. Sunshine5% Coast8% secondary20% students travel19% a 19%than five kilometres. school students Between 5 - 10 km shorter distance than the other regions. 10 km +

Average trip distance (kilometres) by region Average trip distance (kilometres) by region

3.6 Education Brisbane (primary) Average trip distance (kilometres) by region 7.6 Education (secondary)

6.5 3.6 Education Gold Coast Brisbane (primary) 9.3 7.6 Education (secondary)

5.0 Sunshine 6.5 Gold Coast 6.8 9.3

5.0 Sunshine Coast Trip distance by region 6.8

Less than 1 km Trip distanceBrisbane by region12% 14% 26% 21% 28% Trip distance by region Between 1 - 2 km

Gold Coast 9% 10% 26% 24% 31% Between 2 - 5 km Less than 1 km Brisbane 12% 14% 26% 21% 28% Between 5 - 10 km Sunshine Between 1 - 2 km Coast 11% 12% 26% 21% 30% 10 km + Gold Coast 9% 10% 26% 24% 31% Between 2 - 5 km

Between 5 - 10 km Sunshine Coast 11% 12% 26% 21% 30% 10 km +

70 Average trip distance (kilometres) by mode

Private 3.7 Education vehicle (primary) (Passenger) 7.7 Education (secondary)

4.2 Public transport 9.0

4.2 Cycle 7.7

4.7 Walk 7.4 Trip purposes Distance and duration by mode | School travel

Average trip distance (kilometres) by mode The average trip distance for primary and secondary school Average trip duration (minutes) Average trip duration (minutes) students varies greatly according to the mode of transport. Private 3.7 Education Education On average,vehicle public transport has the longest trip distance. (primary) 27 (primary) (Passenger) 7.7 26 26 25 Education Secondary school students travel further than primary (secondary)Education school students across all modes, but especially on bike (secondary) 4.2 Public and transport public transport. This indicates that secondary students have higher cycling thresholds for getting to school than 9.0 primary school students. 15 4.2 14 14 The averageCycle trip to school for a primary school student is 13 7.7 14 minutes on average, while for secondary school students it is 26 minutes. 4.7 Walk School students travelling7.4 by public transport spend over 35 minutes getting to school, while vehicle passenger, walking and cycling trips are generally around 10 to 15 minutes. 1992 2004 2007 2009

Average trip duration (minutes) by mode Average trip distance (kilometres) byAverage mode Averagetrip duration trip distance (minutes) (kilometres) by mode

Education Private 11 Education (primary) vehicle 27 (primary) Education Private 26 3.7 26 (Passenger) 25 (primary) vehicle 15 Education Education (Passenger) (secondary) 7.7 (secondary) Education (secondary) 37 Public transport 4.2 Public 46 transport 9.0 15 14 14 12 13 Cycle 4.2 Cycle 16 7.7 12 Walk 4.7 For13 car drop offs, school students are driven Walk 7.4 six kilometres on average. 1992 2004 2007 2009

Average trip duration (minutes) by mode Average trip duration (minutes) by mode

Average trip duration (minutes) Education Private 11 (primary) vehicle Education (Passenger) 15 27 (primary) Education 26 26 (secondary) 25 Education 37 (secondary) Public transport 46

12 15 Cycle 14 14 16 13

12 Walk 13

1992 2004 2007 2009

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-eastAverage trip Queensland duration (minutes) - May 2012 by mode 71

Education Private 11 (primary) vehicle (Passenger) 15 Education (secondary)

37 Public transport 46

12 Cycle 16

12 Walk 13 Trip purposes Mode share | School travel

Around half of all school students travel to and from school in a car, while active transport and public transport each account for just under one quarter of trips. From 1992 to 2007, there was an increasing shift to vehicle passenger travel at the expense of public and active transport. This shift was primarily driven by a change in travel for primary students. In 2009, the shift towards vehicle passenger reversed, with a decrease in vehicle passenger mode share and an increases in public and active transport. It is important to note that fewer students are taken per vehicle, which means that the number of cars driving to school has not reduced at the same rate.

Mode share - primary and secondary students Mode share – Primary and secondary students Mode share – Primary and secondary students

Private vehicle (driver) 2% Private vehicle 18% (driver) Private vehicle 2% (passenger) 18% Private vehicle (passenger) 5% Public transport 5% Public transport Cycle 53% 22% Cycle 53% Walk 22% Walk

Mode share – Primary and secondary students Mode share - primary andMode secondary share – Primary students and secondary students

64% Private vehicle (driver) 64% Private vehicle 59% (driver) Private vehicle 59% (passenger) 53% Private vehicle 50% (passenger) Public transport 53% 50% Public transport Cycle Cycle Walk Walk

21% 22% 19% 19% 19% 21% 18% 22% 19% 19% 15% 19% 18% 13% 15% 10% 13% 1% 1% 6% 1% 4% 2%10% 5% 1% 1% 6% 1% 4% 2% 5%

1992 2004 2007 2009 1992 2004 2007 2009

Mode share – primary school students Mode share 72– secondary school students Mode share – primary school students Mode share – secondary school students

Private vehicle 4% (driver) 14% Private vehicle 20% 4% (driver) Private vehicle 14% (passenger) 20% Private vehicle 7% (passenger) Public transport7% 4% 37% Public transport 4% 37% Cycle 12% Cycle 12% 64% 38% Walk 64% 38% Walk Mode shareMode – Primary share and– Primary secondary and secondary students students

Private vehicle Private vehicle 2% 2% (driver) (driver) 18% 18% Private vehicle Private vehicle (passenger) (passenger)

5% 5% Public transportPublic transport

Cycle Cycle 53% 53% 22% 22% Trip purposes Walk Walk Mode share by region | School travel

Mode shares for primary school children are vastly different to those of secondaryMode school shareMode –students. Primary share and– Primary secondary and secondary students students In 2009, more than 1 in 3 primary school students 64% 64% Private vehicle Private vehicle travelled to school in a vehicle compared to 2 in 5 (driver) (driver) 59% 59% secondary school students. Secondary school students Private vehicle Private vehicle (passenger) (passenger) are more likely to use public transport. 53% 53% 50% 50% Although secondary school students travel further on Public transportPublic transport

average, both primary and secondary students share Cycle Cycle similar active transport mode share for trips to school. This disparity may be the product of the physical ability of Walk Walk these different age groups.

There are substantial21% modal21% differences for school 22% 22% 19% 19% 19% 19% student travel between Brisbane, the19% Sunshine19% Coast and 18% 18% 15% 15% the Gold Coast. 13% 13% 10% 10%

Brisbane1% primary1% school students1% are 1%more6% likely 6%to1% walk 1% 4% 4%2% 2% 5% 5% to school, which may be explained by the shorter average distances to access1992 primary1992 school in2004 Brisbane.2004 Sunshine2007 2007When compared2009 to 2009secondary students, primary Coast primary school students have lower walking mode school students are more likely to get to school share and higher public transport and bike travel than the as passengers than on public transport. other regions.

Mode share - primary students Mode share - secondary students Mode shareMode – primary share school– primary students school studentsMode shareMode – secondary share – secondary school students school students

Private vehicle Private vehicle 4% 4% (driver) (driver) 14% 14% 20% 20% Private vehicle Private vehicle (passenger) (passenger) 7% 7% Public transportPublic transport 4% 4% 37% 37%

Cycle Cycle 12% 12%

64% 64% 38% 38% Walk Walk

Mode share - primary school students Mode share – primary school students

Private vehicle (driver)The journey Brisbane 12% 26% 21% 28% Privatefrom vehicle school (passenger) has seen a Public transport Gold Coast 9% 26% 24% 31% shift from vehicle travel Cycle Sunshine to public 11% 26% 21% 30% Coast Walk and active transport.

Mode share – secondary school students

Private vehicle (driver) Brisbane 12% 12% 21% 28% 28% Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Private vehicle 73 (passenger)

Public transport Gold Coast 9% 9% 24% 31% 31%

Cycle Sunshine 11% 11% 26% 21% 30% Coast Walk

Trip distance by mode – primary and secondary school students

Private vehicle (driver) Less than 1 km 23% 3% 74% Private vehicle (passenger)

Public transport 1 - 2 km 1% 51% 3% 10% 35%

Cycle

2 - 5 km 2% 68% 18% 8% 4v% Walk

1% 5 - 10 km 2% 61% 34% 2%

10 km and over 3% 42% 55% <1% Trip purposes Mode share by region | School travel

Gold Coast secondary school students have a much trips within walking distance (1 kilometre) are made by higher private vehicle mode share than the other regions. walking. However, one quarter of trips with this distance This may be due to the longer average distances that were as a vehicle passenger. Mode share – primary school students Gold Coast students travel to school. BrisbaneMode and share the – primary school students For school trips of between 1 - 2 kilometres,Private half vehicle are as Sunshine Coast share similar levels of public transport (driver) a vehicle passenger. This suggests high potentialPrivate vehicle to use andBrisbane active transport use. Of these12% regions, Sunshine 26% 21% 28% increase walking or cycling mode share for(driver)Private trips vehicle within Coast secondaryBrisbane school students are the12% most likely 26% 21% 28% (passenger) these distances. Private vehicle (passenger) to cycle. Public transport Gold Coast 9% 26% 24% 31% The majority of secondary school studentsPublic that transport travel by It is possibleGold Coast to compare the number of 9%school trips 26% 24% 31% bike travel further than 2 kilometres. This Cyclesuggests that withinSunshine distances favourable to active transport to the trips 11% trips between26% 2 - 5 kilometres21% 30% could also beCycle a target for Coast actuallySunshine made by active transport. The vast majority of Walk 11% 26% 21% 30% Coast increasing bike use among secondary students. Walk

Mode share - secondary school students Mode share – secondary school students Mode share – secondary school students Private vehicle (driver) Private vehicle Brisbane 12% 12% 21% 28% 28% (driver)Private vehicle Brisbane 12% 12% 21% 28% 28% (passenger) Private vehicle (passenger) Public transport Gold Coast 9% 9% 24% 31% 31% Public transport Gold Coast 9% 9% 24% 31% 31% Cycle Sunshine 11% 11% 26% 21% 30% Cycle Coast Sunshine Walk 11% 11% 26% 21% 30% Coast Walk

Trip distance by mode – primary and secondary school students Trip distance by mode - primary andTrip distancesecondary by mode school – primary students and secondary school students Private vehicle (driver) Private vehicle Less than 1 km 23% 3% 74% (driver)Private vehicle Less than 1 km 23% 3% 74% (passenger) Private vehicle (passenger) Public transport 1 - 2 km 1% 51% 3% 10% 35% Public transport 1 - 2 km 1% 51% 3% 10% 35% Cycle

2 - 5 km 2% 68% 18% 8% 4v% Cycle Walk 2 - 5 km 2% 68% 18% 8% 4v% Walk 1% 5 - 10 km 2% 61% 34% 2%1% 5 - 10 km 2% 61% 34% 2%

10 km and over 3% 42% 55% <1%

74 Trip purposes Travel time | School travel

School student travel has two very concentrated peaks at 8am and 3pm. Secondary school travel has a more dispersed peak in travel time than primary school travel. For example, in the AM Peak (between 7am and 9am) 1 in 5 secondary school trips are from 7am to 8am, compared to only 1 in 10 primary school trips. School travel accounts for one third of travel in the AM peak, but accounts for only 20% of AM peak kilometres travelled due to the shorter travel distance of school trips.

Proportion of AM peak trips Proportion of AM peak trips

Proportion of AM peak trips Work

Education 31% Work 35% All other purposes 31% Education 35% All other purposes

35% >> One third of AM peak trips across all modes are for school35% purposes.

Travel time – all modes

Travel time - all modes Travel time – all modes AM peak PM peak Work 70 Education AM peak PM peak Work 70 60 All other purposes Education

50 60 All other purposes

40 50

30 40 Trips (ooo,000) Trips

20 30 Trips (ooo,000) Trips

10 20

0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

0 Time (24 hours) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 75 Trip purposes Travel time | School travel

When looking at vehicle travel only, the contribution of school travel to the AM peak is lower. Around 25% of car trips in the AM peak are for school purposes, while only 11% of kilometres travelled in the AM peak are for school purposes. This difference is likely to be due to the more localised nature of school trips and resulting shorter average distances (compared to work trips).

>> One in four car trips during the AM peak is for school travel.

Proportion of AM peak trips – vehicle driver Proportion of AM peak kilometres – vehicle driver Proportion of AM peak trips - vehicle driver Proportion of AM peak kilometres - vehicle driver Proportion of AM peak trips – vehicle driver Proportion of AM peak kilometres – vehicle driver Work

21% Work Education 30%

21% All other Education purposes 30% 48% 11% All other purposes 48% 68% 11% 21% 68%

21%

Travel time – vehicle driver only Travel time - vehicle driver only Travel time – vehicle driver only

AM peak PM peak Work

30 AM peak PM peak Work Education

30 All other Education purposes 25

All other purposes 25 20

20 15 Trips (ooo,000) Trips 15 10 Trips (ooo,000) Trips

10 5

5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13Time14 (2415 hours)16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

76 Vehicle passenger use in public transport trips

Includes private vehicle (passenger) did not include private 23% did not includeTrip private purposes vehicle (passenger) Vehicle passenger and accompanied travel | School travel

Vehicle passenger use One quarter of public transport school trips and 1 in 12 Vehicle77% passenger use in public transport trips 77% in public transport trips walking trips, include vehicle passenger components. This indicates that vehicle passenger trips may play an Includes private vehicle (passenger) important role in enabling other modes of travel (for 23% did not include private example, by providing a lift to a train station). Vehicle passenger use vehicle (passenger) in walking trips Since 2007, this has decreased back to 1992 levels, in walking trips mirroring the recent reductions seen in vehicle passenger mode share for school trips. 8%

Accompanied travel is common for school students, as 77% noted from the high ‘vehicle passenger’ mode share. The other modes of travel show varying levels of accompaniment. Vehicle passenger use For primary school students, bike is the mode with the Vehicle passenger use in walking trips 92% in walking trips lowest level of accompaniment (56% ride alone) while 92% public transport is the mode for which primary school 8% students are most likely to be accompanied. Almost one quarter Secondary school students, are more independent than of public primary school students across all modes. Both walking transport and cycling trips are predominantly unaccompanied. school trips Students are more likely to be partially accompanied for include public transport trips. a vehicle 92% passenger For primary school children cycling to school, leg. half do so independently (without being accompanied by an adult).

Accompanied travel - journeyAccompanied to school travel - primary – journey school to school students – primary school students

Public Alone Public 18% 4% 38% 40% Alone transport 18% 4% 38% 40%

Accompanied

Walking 29% 46% 2% 23% Partially accompanied

With sibling Cycle 56% 9% 18% 18% Accompanied travel – journey to school – primary school students

AccompaniedPublic travel - journey to school - secondary school students Alone transport 18%Accompanied4% travel – journey38% to school – secondary school students40%

Accompanied Public Public Walking 46%29% 26%46% 2%28% 23% Alone transport 46% 26% 28% Partially accompanied Accompanied With sibling Cycle 56% 9% 18% 18% Walking 78% 1% 11% 8% Partially accompanied

With sibling Cycle 74% 1% 23% Accompanied travel – journey to school – secondary school students

Public Alone transport 46% 26% 28%

Accompanied

DepartmentWalking of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east78% Queensland - May 2012 1% 11% 8% 77 Partially accompanied

With sibling Cycle 74% 1% 23% Trip purposes School accessability | School travel

Analysis shows that accessibility to school by walking and public transport is higher for primary students than secondary students. The graphs below show potential accessibility; however in reality, many students do not attend the schools closest to them. One quarter of primary students are within 15 minutes walking distance of a primary school. The proportion of secondary school students who do not have access to a school within 60 minutes by walking or public transport is greater than that for primary school students.

Primary school studentsPrimary (4 - 12school year olds)students (4 - 12 year olds)

Brisbane accessibility by walking Brisbane accessibility by public transport

< 15 min 4% 2% 5% 3% 9% 27% 15 - 30 min 18% 36% 30 - 45 min

45 - 60 min

> 60 min 50% 46%

Secondary school Secondarystudents (13 school - 17 year students olds) (13 - 17 year olds)

Brisbane accessibility by walking Brisbane accessibility by public transport

< 15 min 5% 5% 10% 16% 6% 15 - 30 min

29% 30 - 45 min 19% 27% 45 - 60 min

51% > 60 min

31%

Accessibility analysis: To assess the accessibility of primary and secondary schools by the student population, the student population was estimated for areas within the urban footprint using 2006 Census data (CCD level), and a model was used to determine accessibility.

78 Trip purposes School accessability | School travel

Primary school students – walking and public Secondary school students – walking and public transport accessability transport accessability

School accessibility is very good across the region. Primary schools are more accessible than secondary.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 79 Trip purposes Summary | School travel

Total travel TotalTotal travel travel

Total daily trips (millions) Total daily trips – AM peak vehicle travel (thousands) TotalTotal daily daily trips trips (millions) (millions) TotalTotal daily daily trips trips – –AM AM peak peak vehicle vehicle travel travel (thousands) (thousands)

All other travel 17% All otehr travel 21% 7.5 790 AllAll other other travel travel 17%17% AllAll otehr otehr travel travel 21%21% 7.57.5 790790

School travel 1.5 School travel 210 SchoolSchool travel travel 1.51.5 SchoolSchool travel travel 210210

School travel proportion School travel proportion SchoolSchool travel travel proportion proportion SchoolSchool travel travel proportion proportion

Total daily kilometres (millions) Total daily kilometres– AM peak vehicle travel (millions) TotalTotal daily daily kilometres kilometres (millions) (millions) TotalTotal daily daily kilometres kilometres– –AM AM peak peak vehicle vehicle travel travel (millions) (millions)

10% 11% All other travel 10%10% All other travel 11%11% 77.5 9.3 AllAll other other travel travel AllAll other other travel travel 77.577.5 9.39.3 School travel 8.3 School travel 1.1 SchoolSchool travel travel 8.38.3 SchoolSchool travel travel 1.11.1 School travel proportion School travel proportion SchoolSchool travel travel proportion proportion SchoolSchool travel travel proportion proportion

Mode share (proportion of trips) Average travel ModeMode share share (proportion (proportion of of trips) trips) AverageAverage travel travel

9% 9%9% 14% Kilometres per trip 1% 20% 14%14% KilometresKilometres per per trip trip 1%1% 20%20% 8% South-east 31.1 7% Queenland average 8%8% South-eastSouth-east 31.131.1 7%7% QueenlandQueenland average average 4% Primary 4%4% school 4.2 PrimaryPrimary 24% 12% schoolschool 4.24.2 24%24% 12%12% Secondary 7.7 SecondarySecondaryschool 38% schoolschool 7.77.7 38%38%

Minutes per trip MinutesMinutes per per trip trip South-east 65 QueenlandSouth-eastSouth-east average Private vehicle 65 65 QueenlandQueenland average average Private(driver)Private vehicle vehicle Primary 64% 14 (driver)(driver) PrimaryschoolPrimary 58% 64%64% Private vehicle 14 14 schoolschool 58%58% Private(passenger)Private vehicle vehicle (passenger)(passenger) Secondary 26 school 37% Public transport SecondarySecondary 26 26 schoolschool 37%37% PublicPublic transport transport Cycle CycleCycle

4% Walk Data Source: Household Travel Surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009. 4%4% WalkWalk

Number of Students from Australia Bureau of Statistics Census 2006. South-east Primary Secondary Please note: Majority of analysis conducted at a student level, however total travel QueenlandSouth-eastSouth-east PrimaryschoolPrimary SecondaryschoolSecondary QueenlandaverageQueenland schoolschool schoolschool results represent total school travel – both students and those involved in student averageaverage travel i.e. serve passenger and accompany other school trips. Primary school students are from years 1 – 7 (excluding prep), while secondary school students are from years 8 – 12.

80 Over 65’s Travel

1 in 10 The number of trips in south-east Queensland made by over 65’s. 2.6 The number of trips travelled on average per day by over 65’s. 26% The proportion of over 65’s trips made during the morning peak.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Groups Total travel | Over 65’s

Over 65’s can be classified as two groups; those between 65 and 75 (early retirement) and over 75 (late retirement). Over 65’s, especially people in early retirement contribute a sizeable proportion (9%) of all south-east Queensland trips. Early retirees contribute two thirds of this, while late retirees contribute one third. On the Sunshine Coast and Gold Coast, over 65’s contribute an even higher proportion of all trips (10% and 12% respectively). Although over 65’s account for 9% of total trips, they account for less kilometres travelled in south-east Queensland (7.5%). Early retirees make up a greater proportion of kilometres travelled than to late retirees.

6.5 million The number of kilometres travelled by over 65’s on a weekday in 2009.

Total dailyTotal trips daily trips Total Totaldaily daily trips trips by ageby age

Early retirement Over 65’s Early retirement Over 65’s (65 - 75 years) (805 000 trips) (518 000 trips) (65 - 75 years) 9% (805 000 trips) 64% (518 000 trips) 9% All other 64% Late retirement All other Late retirement ages (75 + years) ages (75 + years)

91% (8.2 million trips) 36% (287 000 trips) 91% (8.2 million trips) 36% (287 000 trips)

Total daily kilometres (percentages) Total daily kilometres TotalTotal daily kilometres kilometres (percentages) (percentages) Total dailyTotal kilometresdaily kilometres

Early retirement Over 65’s Early retirement Over 65’s (65 - 75 years) (65 - 75 years) (6.5 million kilometres) 72% (4.7 million kilometres) 8% (6.5 million kilometres) 72% (4.7 million kilometres) 8% All other Late retirement All other Late retirement ages (75 + years) ages (75 + years)

92% (79.3 million kilometres) 28% (1.8 million kilometres) 92% (79.3 million kilometres) 28% (1.8 million kilometres)

Data source: Household Travel Survey 2004 and 2007 combined data, unless otherwise indicated.

82 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012

Trips per person

South-east South-east 3.3 Queensland 3.3 Queensland Over 65’s Over 65’s 2.6 2.6 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Early retirees 3.0 Early retirees 3.0

Late retirees 2.0 Late retirees 2.0

Trips per person – over 65’s

Brisbane 2.4 Brisbane 2.4

Gold Coast 2.7 Gold Coast 2.7 Sunshine Sunshine 2.9 Coast 2.9 Coast Total daily trips Total daily trips by age

Early retirement Over 65’s (65 - 75 years) (805 000 trips) (518 000 trips) 9% (805 000 trips) 64% (518 000 trips) All other Late retirement ages (75 + years)

(8.2 million trips) 91% (8.2 million trips) 36% (287 000 trips)

Total daily kilometres (percentages) Total daily kilometres

Early retirement Over 65’s (65 - 75 years) 8% (6.5 million kilometres) 72% (4.7 million kilometres) All other Late retirement ages (75 + years) Groups Daily travel and purpose of travel | Over 65’s

The over 65’s group (especially(79.3 million kilometres) in late retirement) has a Over 65’s on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast travel 92% (79.3 million kilometres) 28% (1.8 million kilometres) significantly lower average daily trip rate than the south- more than Brisbane retirees. This mirrors the pattern of east Queensland average. There is a large difference in the wider population, where coastal residents make more trip rates between early and late retirees. Early retirees trips on average. make on average three trips per day, compared to two Shopping represents roughly two in five trips for over 65’s trips for late retirees. make, while social trips account for roughly one quarter As the number of people aged 65 and over grows, overall of their travel. Over 65’s travel less for work reasons, average daily trip rates are expected to reduce. education or to accompany others.

Trips per person Trips per person

South-east 3.3 Queensland 3.3

Over 65’s 2.6

Early retirees 3.0 Over 65’s make on average 2.6 Late retirees 2.0 trips per day.

Trips per person - over 65’s Trips per person – over 65’s

Brisbane 2.4

Gold Coast 2.7

Sunshine Sunshine 2.9 Coast

Trip purpose - based on trips Trip Trippurpose purpose – based – based on trips on trips

OverallOverall South-east South-east Work Work 27% 27% 18% 18% 9% 9% 15% 15% 22% 22% 10% 10% QueenslandQueensland

ShoppingShopping

All retireesAll retirees 6% 6% 41% 41% 16% 16% 27% 27% 10% 10% PersonalPersonal business business

Social/recreationSocial/recreation Early Earlyretirees retirees 8% 8% 40% 40% 14% 14% 26% 26% 11% 11%

AccompanyingAccompanying othersothers Late retireesLate retirees2% 2% 41% 41% 21% 21% 27% 27% 9% 9% EducationEducation

>> Two in five ModeMode share share Over 65’s travel more for shopping, personal trips made by Over 65’s are for shopping. business and recreation. OverallOverall South-east South-east PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 58% 58% 24% 24% 8% 8%<1% <1%9% 9% QueenslandQueensland (driver)(driver) PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (passenger)(passenger) All retireesAll retirees 62% 62% 18% 18% 7% <1%7% <1%13% 13% PublicPublic transport transport

Early Earlyretirees retirees Cycle Cycle Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel67% in south-east67% Queensland - May 201216% 16% 5% <1%5% <1%11% 11% 83 Walk Walk

Late retireesLate retirees 53% 53% 21% 21% 10% 10%<1% <1% 15% 15%

ModeMode share share

BrisbaneBrisbane 79% 79% 9% 9% 12% 12%

Gold GoldCoast Coast 80% 80% 6% 6% 14% 14%

SunshineSunshine CoastCoast 83% 83% 4% 4% 13% 13% Groups Travel mode | Over 65’s

Over 65’s have higher walking and vehicle driver mode share than the total population. The higher vehicleTrip purpose driver – based on trips mode share is driven particularly by early retirees, where Overall South-east Work two of three trips are made27% as a vehicle driver.18% 9% 15% 22% 10% Queensland For late retirees, vehicle driver mode share decreases Shopping quite significantlyAll retirees 6% to 53% (or one in 41%two trips). Vehicle 16% 27% 10% driver trips are replaced by mostly public transport and Personal business active transport modes. Social/recreation Early retirees 8% 40% 14% 26% 11%

As the population of residents over 65 grows, the result Accompanying is likely to be lower vehicle driver mode shares, and others Late retirees 2% 41% 21% 27% 9% increasing vehicle passenger, public transport and Education walking mode shares.

Mode share Mode share

Overall South-east Private vehicle 58% 24% 8% <1% 9% Queensland (driver) Private vehicle (passenger) All retirees 62% 18% 7% <1% 13% Public transport

Cycle Early retirees 67% 16% 5% <1% 11%

Walk

Late retirees 53% 21% 10% <1% 15%

Mode share Mode share

Brisbane 79% 9% 12%

Late retirees Gold Coast 80% 6% 14% travel more via public Sunshine Coast 83% 4% 13% and active transport

84 Groups Travel time | Over 65’s

Peak time of travel for over 65’s is towards the end of the morning peak at 9am. One quarter of over 65’s travel is during the morning peak, typically by vehicle. Their contribution to the afternoon peak is less (7%), with most of their travel dropping off after a 3pm afternoon peak.

Time of trips - overTime 65’sof trips – over 65’s Time of trips – over 65’s

AM peak AM peak 26% PM peak 26% PM peak

Oﬀ peak Oﬀ peak 7% 7% 67% 67%

Two in three over 65’s trips are in the off peak.

Time of travel – by modes Time of travel - by modes Time of travel – by modes

AM peak PM peak 70 AM peak Private vehicle PM peak 70 (driver) Private vehicle 60 (driver) Private vehicle 60 (passenger) Private vehicle 50 (passenger) Public transport 50 Public transport 40 Active transport 40 Active transport 30 30 Trips (ooo,000) Trips 20 Trips (ooo,000) Trips 20 10 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (24 hours) Time (24 hours)

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 85 Groups Daily distance and duration | Over 65’s

Over 65’s travel less distance and duration per day Over 65’s travel on average 5 kilometres for shopping than the average resident. Early retirees travel on average and 9 kilometres for social and recreation purposes. 23 kilometres, compared to 12 kilometres per day for An average trip made by over 65’s on public transport late retirees. is 5 kilometres long and takes 25 minutes. Daily travel distance and duration Daily travel distance and duration Daily travel distance and duration Daily travel distance and duration 65 Overall South-east Minutes 65 QueenslandOverall South-east Minutes 31.1 65 OverallQueensland South-east Minutes Queensland 31.1 Kilometres 31.1 45 All retirees Kilometres 45 Kilometres All retirees 18.1 45 All retirees 18.1 18.1 Early retirees 53 53 Early retirees 23.2 Early retirees 53 23.2 23.2 Late retirees 35 35 Retirees travel Late retirees 11.7 Late retirees 35 18 kilometres on * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance11.7 and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. 11.7 average per day. * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Daily travel distance and duration – over 65’s Daily travel distance and duration - over 65’sDaily travel distance and duration – over 65’s Daily travel distance and duration – over 65’s 44 Minutes Brisbane 44 Brisbane 17 44 Minutes Minutes Brisbane 17 Kilometres 17 46 Kilometres Gold Coast 46 Kilometres Gold Coast 18.1 46 Gold Coast 18.1 18.1 Sunshine 48 Coast Sunshine 48 SunshineCoast 22.5 48 Coast * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time22.5 cannot be used to calculate average speed. 22.5 * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Daily travelDaily distance travel distance and duration and by Daily travelDaily travel distance distance and and duration purposeduration - over by Daily65’s purpose travel – distance over 65’s and by modeduration - overDaily by 65’smode travel– over distance 65’s and durationDaily travelby purpose distance – over and 65’s durationDaily travel by mode distance– over and 65’s duration by purpose – over 65’s duration by mode– over 65’s 25 25 Minutes 25 21 Minutes 19 21 Minutes 18 Kilometres 19 21 16 16 18 15 19 Kilometres 16 16 18 14 Kilometres 15 16 16 15 14 14 9 8.6 7.4 7.5 6.8 9 8.6 9 5.3 4.9 6.8 7.4 7.5 8.6 7.4 7.5 1 4.9 6.8 5.3 4.9 5.3 1 1 Over 65’s travel Shopping Personal Social/ Serve Private Private Public Walk business recreation passenger vehicle vehicle transport furthest for social/ Shopping Personal Social/ Serve Private Private Public Walk (driver) (passenger) Shopping Personalbusiness recreationSocial/ passengerServe vehiclePrivate Privatevehicle transportPublic Walkrecreation trips. * Due tobusiness trip weight variationrecreation averagespassenger of distance and time cannot be vehicle(driver)used to calculate(passenger)vehicle average speed.transport * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot(driver) be used(passenger) to calculate average speed. * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

86 TotalTotal travel travel AverageAverage travel travel Groups Summary | Over 65’s Total Totaltrips trips(millions) (millions) Trips Tripsper day per day DiﬀerenceDiﬀerence South-eastSouth-east 3.3 3.3 QueenslandQueensland average average -21% -21% Rest ofRest South-east of South-east 8.2 8.2 9% 9% QueenslandQueensland TotalTotal travel travel Over 65’sOver 65’s AverageAverage travel2.6 travel2.6 Over 65’sOver 65’s.805 .805

TotalTotal trips trips (millions) (millions) KilometresKilometresTripsTrips per per per day trip per day trip Over 65’sOver proportion 65’s proportion DifferenceDifferenceDifference South-eastSouth-eastSouth-eastSouth-east 31.13.3 31.13.3 -21%-21% QueenslandQueenslandQueenslandQueensland average average averageaverage -42% -42% RestRest of South-east of South-east 8.2 8.2 9% 9% QueenslandQueensland OverOver 65’sOverOver 65’s 65’s65’s 18.1 18.1 2.6 2.6 OverOver 65’s 65’s Total.805 .805 Totalkilometres kilometres (millions) (millions)

Rest ofRest South-east of South-east 79.3 79.3 7.5% 7.5% KilometresKilometres per per trip trip OverOver 65’s 65’s proportion proportion MinutesMinutes per trip per trip QueenslandQueensland DifferenceDifferenceDifference South-eastSouth-eastSouth-eastSouth-east Over 65’sOver 65’s6.5 6.5 31.165 31.165 -42%-42% QueenslandQueenslandQueenslandQueensland average average averageaverage -31% -31%

OverOver 65’s 65’s 18.1 18.1 TotalTotal kilometres kilometres (millions) (millions) Over 65’sOver 65’s 45 45 Over 65’sOver proportion 65’s proportion

RestRest of South-east of South-east 79.3 79.3 7.5% 7.5% MinutesMinutes per per trip trip QueenslandQueensland DiﬀerenceDiﬀerence South-eastSouth-east OverOver 65’s 65’s 6.5 6.5 65 65 QueenslandQueensland average average -31%-31%

OverOver 65’s 65’s 45 45 OverOver 65’s 65’s proportion proportion

ModeMode share share based based on trips on trips(percentages) (percentages) PurposePurpose of trips of tripsbased based on distance on distance

DifferenceDifference -100% -100% 10% 10% 10% 10% 13% 13% DifferenceDifference 30% 30% 10% 10% DifferenceDifference -55% -55%

7% 7% 7% 7% 22% 22% ModeMode share share based based on ontrips trips (percentages) (percentages) 27% Purpose27%PurposeDifference of Difference tripsof trips80% based based80% on ondistance distance 24% 24% 18% 18% DifferenceDifference -25% -25%

DifferenceDifference -100% -100% 15% 15% 10% 10% 10% 10% 13% 13% DifferenceDifference 30% 30% 10% 10% DifferenceDifference -55% -55% 16% 16% DifferenceDifference 78% 78% Work Work 7% 7% 7% 7% 9% 9% 58% 58% 62% 62% DifferenceDifference 7% 7% 22% 22% ShoppingShopping 27% 27% DifferenceDifference 80% 80% DifferenceDifference -25% -25% 24% 24% 18% 18% 18% 18% PersonalPersonal Private vehiclePrivate vehicle businessbusiness 41% 41% DifferenceDifference 128% 128% Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 15% 15% Social/Social/ (passenger)(passenger) recreationrecreation 16% 16% DifferenceDifference 78% 78% AccompanyingWorkAccompanyingWork Public transportPublic transport 27% 9% 27%9% others others 58% 58% 62% 62% DifferenceDifference 7% 7% ShoppingShopping Active transportActive transport 6% 6% DifferenceDifference -78% -78% EducationEducation 18% 18% PersonalPersonal PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle businessbusiness South-eastSouth-east Over Over South-eastSouth-east Over 41%Over41% DifferenceDifference 128% 128% QueenslandQueensland65’s 65’s PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle QueenslandQueensland65’s 65’s Social/Social/ averageaverage (passenger)(passenger) averageaverage recreationrecreation AccompanyingAccompanying PublicPublic transport transport 27% 27% othersothers

ActiveActive transport transport 6% 6% DiﬀerenceDiﬀerence -78% -78% EducationEducation Data Source: Household Travel Survey 2004 and 2007 – combined data, unless otherwise indicated. South-eastSouth-east OverOver South-eastSouth-east OverOver QueenslandQueensland 65’s65’s QueenslandQueensland65’s65’s averageaverage averageaverage

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 87 Tertiary Travel

52% The proportion of trips to tertiary education made via public transport. 17 km The average distance of a trip from home to university. 1 third The proportion of tertiary trips made during peak times.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Groups Mode share | Tertiary students

This chapter contains a brief summary of the travel that of all south-east Queensland residents. This suggests behaviour of tertiary students. The data was collected that tertiary students rely more on public transport for through a specific Tertiary Student Travel Survey with travel beyond just education trips. students from south-east Queensland university This suggests that while students may have access to campuses including The Queensland University of car travel, which they use for non-education trips, they Technology (Gardens Point and Kelvin Grove campuses), still choose public transport or active transport as the Griffith University (Nathan and Gold Coast campuses), preferred mode for education trips. the University of Queensland (St Lucia campus) and the University of Sunshine Coast. Active transport mode share, to universities, remains fairly consistent for both education (at 13%) and non- Tertiary students display a more favourable modal split education trips (at 16%). towards public and active transport, in comparison to the rest of south-east Queensland. Roughly half of all tertiary education trips are made by public transport. Tertiary students show a greater dependency on private vehicles for non-education trips, with public transport mode share dropping sharply from 52% for education trips to 21%. However, public transport mode share of 21% for tertiary students is still significantly higher than

University students display a high use of active Half of all education trips to university are via transport for non education travel. public transport.

Mode share for education trips to university Mode share for non-education trips Mode share for education trips to university Mode share for non-education trips

Private vehicle (driver) 13% 16% Private vehicle 28% (passenger)

Public transport

21% 47% Active transport 7% 52%

15%

Data source: Tertiary Students Travel Survey 2008, which had 2724 respondents. The Department of Transport and Main Roads conducted the first Tertiary Student Travel Survey in 2008 to improve data quality on the travel behaviour of tertiary students. In the broader household travel surveys conducted regularly by the department, low response rates for this demographic group made it difficult to analyse tertiary student travel. The Tertiary Student Travel Survey was sent to a range of universities across south-east Queensland. The following university campuses provided data of a volume and quality to be included in the study. • UQ St Lucia and Herston: 1 540 respondents • QUT Gardens Point: 463 respondents • QUT Kelvin Grove: 173 respondents • Griffith University Nathan: 281 respondents • Griffith University Gold Coast: 198 respondents • University of Sunshine Coast: 69 respondents

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 89 Groups

Mode share by university | Tertiary students

Public transport mode share for tertiary education as St Lucia, with a mode share of 17%, and the Gold Coast trips are particularly strong for the inner-city university with a mode share of 14%. One of the highest active campuses, while the coastal campuses have a higher transport mode shares is at the inner-city campus of vehicle mode share. QUT Gardens Point, with a mode share of 17%, equal with St Lucia. This may possibly reflect the tendency of The role of active transport in education trips is often out-of-home students to live on or near campus. more pronounced in suburban university campuses such

Mode share for education trips to universityMode share for education trips to university

Private vehicle Gardens Point 10% 8% 65% 17% (driver)

Private vehicle (passenger) Kelvin Grove 23% 6% 69% 2% Public transport Mode share for education trips to university

Active transport St. Lucia 23% 7% 53% 17% Private vehicle Gardens Point 10% 8% 65% 17% (driver)

Nathan Private vehicle 30% 9% 55% 6% (passenger) Kelvin Grove 23% 6% 69% 2% Public transport

Gold Coast 52% 11% 24% 14% Active transport St. Lucia 23% 7% 53% 17%

Sunshine Coast 67% 3% 19% 12% Nathan 30% 9% 55% 6%

Gold Coast 52%Mode share for education11% trips to university24% 14% Most inner-city university campuses have higher There is generally a much lower public transport public transport mode shares and lower vehicle mode share to universities for non-education Sunshine Private vehicle Gardensmode CoastPoint shares compared33% to suburban67% 12%universities. 29% 3%trips (e.g.,19% trips26% made12% to the university(driver) for work).

Private vehicle (passenger) Kelvin Grove 46% 17% 24% 14% Public transport Mode share for education trips to universityMode share for education trips to university

Active transport St. Lucia 42% 17% 24% 17% Private vehicle Gardens Point 33% 12% 29% 26% (driver)

Nathan Private vehicle 52% 13% 21% 14% (passenger) Kelvin Grove 46% 17% 24% 14% Public transport

Gold Coast 67% 18% 8% 7% Active transport St. Lucia 42% 17% 24% 17%

Sunshine Coast 60% 18% 7% 15% Nathan 52% 13% 21% 14%

Gold Coast 67% 18% 8% 7%

Sunshine Coast 60% 18% 7% 15%

90 Groups

Time of travel | Tertiary students

One third of tertiary student travel is for education purposes, while social/recreation and shopping trips account for almost half of tertiary student travel. One quarter of tertiary student travel is for social and recreation purposes, which peak between 6.30pm and 7.30pm. After an initial peak at 9am the number of tertiary students travelling for education purposes decreases, with a second peak at 4.30pm and 5.30pm. This may be due to post-graduate students travelling to university for evening classes after work, as well as students leaving campus at the end of the day.

Tertiary trips by purposeTertiary trips by purpose

Work Tertiary trips by purpose

17% Shopping 32% Work

Social/recreation 17% Shopping 32% 22% Serve passenger Social/recreation 4% Education 22% Serve passenger 24% Most tertiary student travel, excluding 4% university and work trips, occursEducation in the late

afternoon/early24% evening.

Travel time by trip purpose Travel time by trip purpose AM peak PM peak 14000 Travel time by trip purpose Work

AM peak PM peak 12000 14000 Shopping Work 10000 12000 Social/recreation Shopping

8000 Serve passenger 10000 Social/recreation Trips 6000 Education 8000 Serve passenger

4000 Trips 6000 Education

2000 4000

0 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

Peak university arrival and departure time

AM peak PM peak Peak university arrival and departure time Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 91 14000

AM peak PM peak

12000 14000 Arrivals

10000 12000 Departures Arrivals

8000 All 10000 Departures

Trips 6000 8000 All

4000 Trips 6000

2000 4000

0 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours) Tertiary trips by purpose

Work

17% Shopping 32%

Social/recreation

22% Serve passenger

4% Education

24%

Groups

University departure and arrivalTravel time by time trip purpose | Tertiary students AM peak PM peak 14000 While university travel is more evenly distributed Work throughout12000 the day than work travel, about 30% of tertiary Shopping travel still occurs in peak traffic periods. 10000 Social/recreation Arrivals peak between 8am and 9am, while students leaving8000 the universities are spread across the early Serve passenger evening. Departure times peak at 4pm, with a large Trips proportion6000 of travel between peak periods. Education

There4000 are a significant number of trips to universities in the early evening, around 4pm and 6pm, presumably for the start2000 of evening classes.

0 Almost1 one-third2 3 4 of5 tertiary6 7 travel8 9 occurs10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 during peak traffic periods. Time (24 hours)

Peak university arrival and departure time Peak university arrival and departure time

AM peak PM peak

14000

12000 Arrivals

10000 Departures

8000 All

Trips 6000

4000

2000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

92 Groups Trip distance and duration | Tertiary students

In terms of distance and duration tertiary students travel further (an average of 16kilometres) and longer (an average of 43minutes) for education compared to other trip purposes. Around half of all tertiary education trips are more than 10kilometres.

Tertiary students travel longer distances and spend more time travelling than the average commuter.

Trip distanceTrip distance and duration and duration

Trip distance and duration Trip distanceTrip distance and duration and duration 32 32 MinutesMinutes

12.4 12.4 KilometresKilometres 32 32 Minutes Minutes

19 19 12.4 12.4 KilometresKilometres

7.1 7.1 19 19 Work Work

7.1 7.1 24 24 ShoppingShopping Work Work 9.3 9.3 24 24 Social/recreationSocial/recreation ShoppingShopping 9.3 9.3 17 17 Serve passengerServe passenger Social/recreationSocial/recreation 8.1 8.1 17 17 EducationEducation Serve passengerServe passenger 43 43 8.1 8.1 EducationEducation 16 16 43 43 * Due to* Due trip toweight trip weight variation variation averages averages of distance of distance and time and cannot time cannot be used be to used calculate to calculate average average speed. speed. 16 16 * Due to* Due trip toweight trip weight variation variation averages averages of distance of distance and time and cannot time cannot be used be to used calculate to calculate average average speed. speed.

Trip length by purpose Trip lengthTrip length by purpose by purpose

Trip lengthTrip length by purpose by purpose Less thanLess 1km than 1km 8% 8% 15% 15% 13% 13% 24% 24% 24% 24% 16% 16%

BetweenBetween 1 - 3km 1 - 3km Less thanLess 1km than 1km 8% 8% 15% 15% 13% 13% 24% 24% 24% 24% 16% 16% 17% 17% 27% 27% 16% 16% 21% 21% 13% 13% 6% 6% BetweenBetween 3 - 5km 3 - 5km BetweenBetween 1 - 3km 1 - 3km

17% 17% 27% 27% 16% 16% 21% 21% 13% 13% 6% 6% BetweenBetween 5- 10km 5- 10km 12% 12% 22% 22% 16% 16% 23% 23% 17% 17% 10% 10% BetweenBetween 3 - 5km 3 - 5km

BetweenBetween 10 - 20km 10 - 20km BetweenBetween 5- 10km 5- 10km 12% 12% 22% 22% 16% 16% 23% 23% 17% 17% 10% 10% 8% 8% 21% 21% 23% 23% 22% 22% 15% 15% 10% 10% Greater thanGreater 20km than 20km BetweenBetween 10 - 20km 10 - 20km

8% 8% 21% 21% 23% 23% 22% 22% 15% 15% 10% 10% 4% 10%4% 10% 14% 14% 21% 21% 28% 28% 23% 23% Greater thanGreater 20km than 20km

4% 10%4% 10% 14% 14% 21% 21% 28% 28% 23% 23%

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 93 Groups Trip distance and duration by mode | Tertiary students

DistanceDistance by mode by – directmode campus– direct campuscommute commute Tertiary students generally have high trip durations DistanceDistance by bymode mode - direct – direct campus campus commute commute for travelling to campus across all travel modes. 60 60 Minutes Minutes Students travel longer distances and spend more 60 Minutes time travelling to universities on public transport, Kilometres Kilometres compared to other modes. Kilometres Although public transport trips are marginally longer in distance than vehicle driver trips, they are twice Private vehiclePrivate vehicle the duration. (driver) (driver) Private vehicle Private vehiclePrivate vehicle (driver) (passenger) (passenger) Private vehicle Public transportPublic transport (passenger)

Public transport Active transportActive transport

Active transport

30 30

30 27 27

27 23 23

23 20.2 20.2

20.2 16.5 16.5

16.5 12.8 12.8

12.8 3.7 3.7

3.7

* Due to trip* Due weight to trip variation weight variationaverages averagesof distance of anddistance and time cannottime be cannot used to be calculate used to calculateaverage speed. average speed. * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Distance by mode - education trips DistanceDistance by mode by – educationmode – education trips trips Distance by mode – education trips

Less than 1kmLess than 1km 5% 5%17% 17% 23% 23% 31% 31% 25% 25% Less than 1km 5% 17% 23% Between31% 1 - 3kmBetween 1 - 3km 25%

11% 11% 21% 21% 20% 20% 31% 31% 17% 17% Between 1 - 3km Between 3 - 5kmBetween 3 - 5km 11% 21% 20% 31% 17% Between 3 - 5km Between 5- 10kmBetween 5- 10km 1% 10% 1% 10% 21% 21% 32% 32% 32% 32% Between 5- 10km 1% 10% 21% 32% Between 10 -Between 20km 10 - 20km 32%

18% 18% 38% 38% 23% 23% 14% 14%6% 6% Between 10 - 20km Greater thanGreater 20km than 20km 18% 38% 23% 14% 6% Greater than 20km

94 Groups Distance to university campuses | Tertiary students

Students attending inner city university campuses, have longer average trip distances compared to those attending suburban universities. This is due to the low amount of trips that are less than 3 kilometres; trips less than 3 kilometres amount to 4% and 5% for Gardens Point and Kelvin Grove campuses respectively. Nathan has a lower average trip distance compared to other university campuses. This is driven by a lower proportion of trips in the 20 kilometres and over range. Around one quarter of students at all university campuses travel further than 20 kilometres to get to university .

Distance and time by modeDistance - direct and campustime by mode commute – direct campus commute Distance and time by mode – direct campus commute

56 Minutes 54 56 Minutes 54 Kilometres 47 Kilometres 45 47 45 42 42 37 37 31 31

19.9 18.9 18.8 19.9 17.6 16.7 18.9 18.8 16.7 14.6 15.1 17.6 14.6 15.1

All Gardens Kelvin St Lucia Nathan Gold Sunshine universities PointAll GroveGardens Kelvin St Lucia CoastNathan CoastGold Sunshine universities Point Grove Coast Coast * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

Direct campus commute from home Direct campus commute from home Direct campus commute from home

Less than 1 km Gardens Point 5% 17% 23% 31% 25% Less than 1 km Gardens Point 5% 17% 23% 31% 25% Between 1 - 3 km Between 1 - 3 km Kelvin Grove 11% 21% 20% 31% 17% Kelvin Grove 11% 21% 20% 31% 17% Between 3 - 5 km Between 3 - 5 km

St Lucia Between 5- 10 km 1% 10% 21% 32% 32% 32% Between 5- 10 km St Lucia 1% 10% 21% 32% 32% 32% Between 10 - 20 km Between 10 - 20 km Nathan 18% 38% 23% 14% 6% Nathan 18% 38% 23% 14% 6% Greater than 20 km Greater than 20 km

Gold Coast 18% 38% 14% 23% 6% Gold Coast 18% 38% 14% 23% 6%

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 95 Groups Distance to university campuses | Tertiary students

Gold Coast has a relatively low public transport travel vehicle driver travel for Gardens Point and Kelvin Grove time given the distance travelled, while Nathan has longer respectively). The average speed is 47 km/h for vehicle public transport travel times compared to the distance driver travel for the university of the Sunshine Coast. travelled.

The ratio for vehicle driver distance and time at QUT Inner CBD traffic congestion decreases the suggests traffic congestion around the CBD results in speed of vehicle driver travel. the slower average speeds (24 km/h and 25 km/h for

Distance and timeDistance for publicand time transport for public trips transport - direct trips campus – direct commute campus commute Distance and time for public transport trips – direct campus commute

79 Minutes 74 79 Minutes 74 Kilometres 65 62 Kilometres 65 58 62 54 58 54

33.1 27.6 33.1 23 21.4 27.6 18.1 23 21.4 13.8 18.1 13.8

Gardens Kelvin St Lucia Nathan Gold Sunshine Point Grove Coast Coast * DueGardens to trip weightKelvin variation averagesSt Lucia of distance andNathan Gold Sunshine timePoint cannot be usedGrove to calculate average speed. Coast Coast * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed. Distance and time for vehicle driver trips – direct campus commute Distance and timeDistance for vehicle and time driver for vehicle trips - driverdirect trips campus – direct commute campus commute

36 Minutes 34 34 36 Minutes 34 34 Kilometres 30 Kilometres 30 27 25 27 25 20.5 19.8

20.5 17 16.4 19.8 17 13.4 16.4 12.3 13.4 12.3

Gardens Kelvin St Lucia Nathan Gold Sunshine Point Grove Coast Coast Gardens Kelvin St Lucia Nathan Gold Sunshine * DuePoint to trip weight Grovevariation averages of distance and Coast Coast time cannot be used to calculate average speed. * Due to trip weight variation averages of distance and time cannot be used to calculate average speed.

96 Groups Where students live | Tertiary students

In 2000, 64% of tertiary students lived at home, up from 52% in 1984. While two out of three tertiary students lived at home, it was not always conveniently located close to their university. Students live over a fairly wide distribution.

Gold Coast – all tertiary students

Brisbane – all tertiary students

Spatial distribution of students (proportion of all residents) ABS 2006  Over 20%  10 to 20%  5 to 10%  3.5 to 5%  2.5 to 3.5 %  0 to 2.5% Major university campuses Sunshine Coast – all tertiary students

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 97 Groups Where students live | Tertiary students

These maps show the proportion of all students living in non-family homes compared to all students. The concentration of non-family student households around the Brisbane CBD and near coastal campuses suggests that when people do move out, they favour residences near university. Statistical analysis suggests that many of the core ‘student suburbs’ in south-east Queensland have high populations of international students. One in five (20%) university students are internationals and therefore do not live at home with their family. Darker green reflects more non-family student homes.

When students move out of home they favour residences near campus.

Gold Coast – % of students in non-family homes

Brisbane – % of students in non-family homes

Key  28 to 36%  21 to 28%  14 to 21%  7 to 14%

 0 to 7% Major university campuses Sunshine Coast – % of students in non-family homes

98 Groups Trip chaining | Tertiary students

As a proportion of all trips, more students commute directly to university from home (73%), than to home from university (59%). This suggests students hold back discretionary trip-chain purposes until after their major non-discretionary travel purpose (attending university).

DestinationDestination priorprior toto university university

Home 2% 8%

8% Work

Shopping 9%

Social/recreation

73% Other

DestinationDestination after after university university

Home 3%

17% Work

Shopping

15% 59% Social/recreation

Other 7%

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 99 Visitor Travel

1% - 3% The estimated proportion that visitors contribute to AM peak hour vehicle travel during peak holiday season. 2 in 5 The proportion of all visitor trips made via walking on the Sunshine Coast. 1 in 4 The proportion of ‘Tourist Activity’ visitor trips made via public transport on the Gold Coast. Groups Trips on average | Visitor travel

This chapter contains a brief summary of the travel behaviour of visitors to the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. The data was collected through specific Visitor Travel Surveys which collected information about overnight visitor groups to each region during the off- peak winter tourism season. Tourism Queensland estimated that there were 10.6 million visitors (including day visitors) and 23.9 million night visitors to the Gold Coast region in 2007. Tourism Queensland estimated that there were 8 million visitors (including day visitors) and 13.3 million night visitors to the Sunshine Coast region in 2007. Visitors tend to have a lower than average trip rate than residents. On the Gold Coast, visitors averaged 2.5 trips per day compared to residents at 3.5 trips per day in 2007. On the Sunshine Coast, visitors averaged 2.4 trips per day compared to residents at 3.6 trips per day in 2007. Considering the facilities offered within accommodation establishments, it is not surprising that a high proportion of visitors (18% on the Gold Coast and 26% on the Sunshine Coast) did not travel on their survey day.

Number of trips on average Number of trips on average

2.5 Visitor Gold Coast 3.5 Residents

2.4 Sunshine Coast 3.6

Visitors travel less than residents.

Mode of arrival – Gold Coast Mode of arrival – Sunshine Coast

Private vehicle Data source: 2% (driver) 12% 13% Gold Coast Visitor Travel Survey 2007, which had 3 075 respondents Brisbane airport 5% Sunshine Coast Visitor Travel Survey 2008, which had 2 553 respondents Gold Coast 26% 49% airport Methodological considerations: 11% Sunshine Coast The data was collected during winter months, and does not include information from day visitors, nor visitors staying in private dwellings.airport 69% While the Visitor Travel Survey did not gather data on the travel behaviour of day visitors, Tourism Queensland estimates that day Othervisitors made up 60% of all visitors to the Gold Coast and14% Sunshine Coast in 2007, 95% of whom arrived by car. This is a considerable demand upon the road network that has not been captured in the Visitor Travel Survey.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 101 Trip purpose – based on trips Trip purpose – based on trips Shopping Gold Coast Sunshine Coast

Eat or drink

3% 2% 4% 2% Tourist activity 5% 4% 7% 33% 9% 28% Sightseeing

8% Beach/water activity

16% Social activity 16% Visit friends/ 4% 22% 22% relatives

Work/business/ conference

Mode share – Gold Coast Mode share – Sunshine Coast

Private vehicle (driver)

Public transport 33% 39% Cycle

52% 56% Walk

<1%

14% <1% 4% Groups Accomodation location | Visitor travel

Private vehicle is the primary mode of arrival to coastal Gold Coast areas by visitors.

Number of trips onOf average those arriving by modes otherNumber than private of trips onvehicle, average 14% (Gold Coast) and 19% (Sunshine Coast) hire a vehicle

2.5upon arrival. This results in 63% of Gold CoastVisitor visitors 2.5 Visitor Gold Coast Gold Coast and 88% of Sunshine Coast visitors in total having the 3.5 Residents ability to access activities by car. 3.5 Residents The following maps show the concentration of origins and 2.4 Sunshine 2.4 Coast Sunshine destinations for visitors to the coastal areas. As expected, Coast 3.6 the majority of Gold Coast visitors are destined for the 3.6 coastal strip, with the highest proportion in the Surfers Paradise region.

Mode of arrival – Gold Coast ModeMode ofMode of arrival arrival of arrival - – Gold Sunshine – GoldCoast CoastCoast Mode of arrival – Sunshine Coast Number of trips on average

Private vehicle 2% Private vehicle 12% (driver) 2% 13%12% (driver) 2.5 Visitor 13% Brisbane airport Gold Coast Brisbane airport 5% 3.5 Residents 5% Gold Coast Gold Coast airport  10% or over  0% to 2% 26% 49% airport 26%11% 49% Sunshine Coast11%  2.4 5% to 10% SunshineAll origin Coast zones region airport Sunshine airport Coast 69%  2% to 5% Destination suburb region 3.6 69% Other Other 14% 14% Sunshine Coast

Mode of arrival – Gold Coast ModeMode of of arrival arrival - – Sunshine Sunshine Coast

Trip purpose – based on trips Trip purpose – based on trips Private vehicle Trip purpose2% – based on trips Shopping Trip purpose – based on trips 12% (driver) Shopping Gold Coast Sunshine13% Gold Coast Coast Sunshine Coast BrisbaneEat or drink airport Eat or drink 5%

2% 2% Gold Coast 3% 4% 2% Tourist activity 2% 26% 5% 49% 4% 3% airport 4% Tourist activity 11% 5% 4% 7% Sunshine Coast 33% 9%7% 28% Sightseeing 33% airport 9% 28% Sightseeing 8% 69% 8% Beach/water Other Beach/water activity 14% activity 16% Social activity 16% Social activity 16% 16% Visit friends/ 4% Visit friends/ 22% 22% relatives 4% 22% 22% relatives Work/business/ Work/business/ conference One half of Gold Coast visitors and two conference thirds of Sunshine Coast visitors arrive by Trip purpose – based on trips privateTrip purpose vehicle. – based on trips Shopping Gold Coast Sunshine Coast  5% or over  0% to 1% Eat or drink  2% to 5% All origin zones region  1% to 2% Destination suburb region Mode share3% 2% – Gold Coast ModeMode share share4% – Sunshine2% – Gold CoastCoast Tourist activityMode share – Sunshine Coast 5% 4% 7% 33% 9% 28% SightseeingPrivate vehicle Private vehicle (driver) 8% (driver) Beach/water activityPublic transport 33% Public transport 33% 16% 102 39% Social activity Cycle 39% 16% Cycle Visit friends/ 52% 4% 22% 22% 52%56% Walkrelatives 56% Walk <1% Work/business/ <1% conference <1% 14% <1% 14%4% 4%

Mode share – Gold Coast Mode share – Sunshine Coast

Private vehicle (driver)

Public transport 33% 39% Cycle

52% 56% Walk

<1%

14% <1% 4% Number ofNumber trips on of average trips on average

2.5 2.5 Visitor Visitor Gold Coast Gold Coast 3.5 3.5 Residents Residents

2.4 2.4 Sunshine Sunshine Coast Coast 3.6 3.6

Number ofNumber trips on of average trips on average

2.5 2.5 Visitor Visitor Gold Coast Gold Coast Mode of arrivalMode of– Goldarrival Coast – Gold Coast Mode of arrivalMode of– Sunshinearrival – Sunshine Coast Coast 3.5 3.5 Residents Residents Groups

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 2.4 2.4 2% 2% (driver) (driver) Sunshine Sunshine 12% 12% 13% 13% Coast PurposeCoast and mode of travel | Visitor travel 3.6 3.6 Brisbane airportBrisbane airport 5% 5% The most common trips made by visitors are for shopping, Gold Coast Gold Coast 26% 26% 49% 49% airport airport sightseeing and eating/drinking. It should be noted11% that 11% Sunshine CoastSunshine Coast the low proportion of beach and water activity trips is airport airport 69% 69% likely to be the result of having conducted the survey Other Other duringMode the off-peak of14% arrivalMode of–14%season. Goldarrival Coast – Gold Coast Mode of arrivalMode of– Sunshinearrival – Sunshine Coast Coast Gold Coast visitors undertake more ‘tourist activity’ trips Private vehiclePrivate vehicle than Sunshine Coast visitors, whereas Sunshine Coast 2% 2% 12% 12% (driver) (driver) residents undertake more sightseeing trips. 13% 13% Majority of visitor tripsBrisbane are airportto Brisbaneshop, airport eat or drink. 5% 5% Gold Coast Gold Coast 26% 26% 49% 49% airport airport Trip purpose - based on trips Trip purpose11% 11% - based on trips Trip purposeTrip –purpose based on– based trips on trips Trip purposeTrip –purpose based on– based trips on trips ShoppingSunshine CoastShoppingSunshine Coast Gold Coast Gold CoastGold Coast Sunshine Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast Coast airport airport 69% 69% EatOther or drink EatOther or drink 14% 14% 3% 2% 3% 2% 4% 2% 4% 2% Tourist activityTourist activity 5% 5% 4% 4% 7% 7% 33% 33% 9% 9% 28% 28% Sightseeing Sightseeing

8% 8% Beach/water Beach/water activity activity

16% 16% Social activitySocial activity 16% 16% Trip purposeTrip –purpose based on– based trips on trips Trip purposeTrip –purpose based on– based trips on trips Visit friends/ Visit friends/ 4% 4% Shopping Shopping Gold 22%CoastGold 22%Coast Sunshine Sunshine Coast22% Coast22% relatives relatives

Work/business/Eat or drink Work/business/Eat or drink conference conference

3% 2% 3% 2% 4% 2% 4% 2% Tourist activityTourist activity 5% 5% 4% 4% 7% 7% 33% 33% 9% 9% 28% 28% Sightseeing Sightseeing

8% 8% Beach/water Beach/water Vehicle is the most used travel mode by visitors, with Within the Gold Coast, publicactivity transportactivity is well patronised

roughlyMode half ofshare allMode trips– Gold share by Coast visitors – Gold Coast made via car. Mode16% shareMode 16%– Sunshine sharewith –a Sunshinemode Coast share Coast of 14% of trips, however visitors’ public transport mode share on theSocial Sunshine activitySocial activity Coast is only 4% Visitors16% on the Gold16% Coast and Sunshine Coast are Visit friends/ Visit friends/ 4% –4% the Gold Coast’s larger publicPrivate vehicle transportPrivate vehicle patronage rate frequently choosing22% to walk22% to access their activities with 22% 22% relatives relatives may be due to public transport(driver) commutes(driver) to the theme 33% and 39% walking mode share respectively. Even Work/business/Work/business/ parks on the Gold Coast. Public transportPublic transport those who33% have33% access to a vehicle (27% on the Gold conference conference 39% 39% Coast and 34% on the Sunshine Coast) still frequently Cycle Cycle choose to walk to their activities. Roughly half of all trips made by visitors 52% 52% are made56% by56% car. Walk Walk <1% <1%

14% 14% <1% <1% Mode shareMode - share GoldMode –Coast Gold share Coast – Gold Coast ModeMode shareshareMode4% –- Sunshine share4% – Sunshine Coast Coast Coast

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle (driver) (driver)

Public transportPublic transport 33% 33% 39% 39% Cycle Cycle

52% 52% 56% 56% Walk Walk

<1% <1%

14% 14% <1% <1% 4% 4%

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 103 Groups Trip distance | Visitor travel

The average trip made by visitors is 8.6 kilometres on the Gold Coast and 9.1 kilometres on the Sunshine Coast. Vehicle and public transport trips share similar average trip lengths. Walk trips are on average one kilometre. Tourist activities generate the longest distance of travel, at 17 kilometres and 23 kilometres for Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast respectively. Shopping and eating or drinking, the two largest trip purposes, are generally undertaken in relatively closer proximity to accommodation.

Distance (kilometres) by mode - GoldDistance Coast (kilometres) by mode – Gold Coast

Distance (kilometres) by mode – Gold Coast Other 8.6

Private vehicle Other 8.6 12.7 (driver)

Private vehicle 12.7 Public transport(driver) 11.5

Public transportCycle 7.3 11.5 Visitors walking trips are CycleWalk 1.1 7.3 one kilometre on average.

Walk 1.1

Distance (kilometres) by purpose – Gold Coast

Distance (kilometres) by purpose -Distance Gold Coast (kilometres) by purpose – Gold Coast All purposes 8.6

All Shoppingpurposes 6.5 8.6

EatShopping or drink 5.0 6.5

TouristEat or activity drink 5.0 17.3

TouristSightseeing activity 8.8 17.3

Beach/waterSightseeing 2.3 8.8 activity

Beach/water Social activity 2.3 9.9 activity

Visit friends/ Social activity 9.910.3 relatives

Work/business/Visit friends/ 10.3 11.4 conferencerelatives

Work/business/ 11.4 conference

104 Distance (kilometres) by mode – Sunshine Coast

Distance (kilometres) by mode – Sunshine Coast Other 9.1

Private vehicle Other 9.1 14.5 (driver)

Private vehicle 14.5 Public transport(driver) 13.4

Public transportCycle 13.4 15.3

CycleWalk 1.0 15.3

Walk 1.0

Distance (kilometres) by purpose – Sunshine Coast

All purposes 9.1

All Shoppingpurposes 7.7 9.1

EatShopping or drink 3.9 7.7

TouristEat or activity drink 3.9 23.3

TouristSightseeing activity 13.3 23.3

Beach/water Sightseeing 2.3 13.3 activity

Beach/water Social activity 2.3 activity 6.8

Visit friends/ Social activity 6.8 relatives 13.0

Work/business/Visit friends/ 13.013.1 conferencerelatives

Work/business/ 13.1 conference Distance (kilometres) by mode – Gold Coast

Distance (kilometres) by mode – Gold Coast Other 8.6

Private vehicle Other 8.6 12.7 (driver)

Private vehicle 12.7 Public transport(driver) 11.5

Public transportCycle 7.3 11.5

CycleWalk 1.1 7.3

Walk 1.1

Distance (kilometres) by purpose – Gold Coast

All purposes 8.6

All Shoppingpurposes 6.5 8.6

EatShopping or drink 5.0 6.5

TouristEat or activity drink 5.0 17.3

TouristSightseeing activity 8.8 17.3

Beach/waterSightseeing 2.3 8.8 activity

Beach/water Social activity 2.3 9.9 activity

Visit friends/ Social activity 9.910.3 relatives

Work/business/Visit friends/ 10.3 11.4 conferencerelatives

Work/business/ 11.4 conference Groups Trip purpose by mode | Visitor travel

Distance (kilometres) by mode - SunshineDistance (kilometres) Coast by mode – Sunshine Coast

Distance (kilometres) by mode – Sunshine Coast Other 9.1

Private vehicle Other 9.1 14.5 (driver)

Private vehicle 14.5 Public transport(driver) 13.4

Public transportCycle 13.4 15.3

CycleWalk 1.0 15.3

Walk 1.0

Distance (kilometres) by purpose – Sunshine Coast

Distance (kilometres) by purposeDistance - Sunshine (kilometres) Coast by purpose – Sunshine Coast

All purposes 9.1

All Shoppingpurposes 7.7 9.1

EatShopping or drink 3.9 7.7

TouristEat or activity drink 3.9 23.3

TouristSightseeing activity 13.3 23.3

Beach/water Sightseeing 2.3 13.3 activity

Beach/water Social activity 2.3 activity 6.8

Visit friends/ Social activity 6.8 relatives 13.0

Work/business/Visit friends/ 13.013.1 conferencerelatives

Work/business/ Visitors travel furthest to 13.1 conference access tourist activities.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 105 Groups Trip purpose by mode | Visitor travel

Trip purposes with the highest proportion of active transport use are eating or drinking and beach/water activities. These trip purposes have shorter average distances, indicating that proximity encourages active transport use. Sightseeing, although having a longer average trip distance, attracts a higher walking mode share due to the nature of the trip purpose. On the Gold Coast, one in four tourist activity trips are made by public transport even though they have the longest trip distance. However, they still generate high levels of private vehicle use. There is substantial difference between the coasts in mode split for tourist activity trips. The Gold Coast has a far larger public transport patronage rate, which may be due to public transport commutes to the theme parks on the Gold Coast.

Trips purpose by mode - Gold Coast Trip purposeTrip purpose by mode by mode – Gold – CoastGold Coast

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 59% 59% 12% 12% 28% 28% 1% 1% (driver) (driver)

Public transportPublic transport

35% 35% 14% 14% 50% 50% 2% 2% Walk Walk

Other Other 68% 68% 25% 25% 5% 2%5% 2%

34% 34% 6% 6% 53% 53% 7% 7%

19% 19% 2% 2% 79% 79% 1% 1%

72% 72% 9% 9% 18% 18%1% 1%

84% 84% 6% 6%8% 2%8% 2%

56% 56% 27% 27% 17% 17%1% 1%

One in four Gold Coast visitors access tourist activities via public transport.Trip purposeTrip purpose by mode by mode – Sunshine – Sunshine Coast Coast

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 69% 69% 6% 6% 25% 25% (driver) (driver)

Public transportPublic transport 0.5% 0.5% 37% 37% 3% 3% 60% 60% 0.5% 0.5% Walk Walk

Cycle Cycle 92% 92% 3% 2%3%3%2% 3% 106 Other Other 0.5% 0.5% 55% 55% 6% 6% 38% 38% 1% 1%

16% 16%1% 1% 82% 82% 2% 2%

64% 64% 2% 2% 32% 32% 2% 2%

87% 87% 3% 3%10% 10%

92% 92% 8% 8% Trip purposeTrip purpose by mode by mode – Gold – GoldCoast Coast

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 59% 59% 12% 12% 28% 28% 1% 1% (driver) (driver)

Public transportPublic transport

35% 35% 14% 14% 50% 50% 2% 2% Walk Walk

Other Other Groups 68% 68% 25% 25% 5% 2%5% 2% Trip purpose by mode | Visitor travel 34% 34% 6% 6% 53% 53% 7% 7%

For most trip purposes, visitor travel is still highly 19% 19% 2% 2% 79% 79% 1% 1% dependent on private vehicles, which is disappointing considering the connectivity of public transport to shopping precincts and tourist activity72% parks.72% This 9% 9% 18% 18%1% 1% indicates some other factor at play to discourage use of the existing public transport. 84% 84% 6% 6%8% 2%8% 2%

On the Sunshine Coast, three56% 56% in five trips that 27% 27% 17% 17%1% 1% visitors make to eat or drink are walked.

Trips purpose by mode - Sunshine CoastTrip purposeTrip purpose by mode by mode – Sunshine – Sunshine Coast Coast

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 69% 69% 6% 6% 25% 25% (driver) (driver)

Public transportPublic transport 0.5% 0.5% 37% 37% 3% 3% 60% 60% 0.5% 0.5% Walk Walk

Cycle Cycle 92% 92% 3% 2%3% 3%2% 3%

Other Other 0.5% 0.5% 55% 55% 6% 6% 38% 38% 1% 1%

16% 16% 1% 1% 82% 82% 2% 2%

64% 64% 2% 2% 32% 32% 2% 2%

87% 87% 3% 3%10% 10%

92% 92% 8% 8%

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 107 Groups Travel time | Visitor travel

On the Gold Coast, visitor travel produces two peak trip start times. The first is between 8:30am and 9:30am and the second is between 3pm and 4pm. This pattern follows results gained from the Gold Coast Household Travel survey, which shows peak trip times occurring between 7:00am and 9:00am and 2:30pm and 4:30pm. Visitors in both coastal areas have a significantly smaller private vehicle mode share than residents. Although visitors still make more than half of their trips via car, they have somewhat less impact on total road demand. During the peak holiday period, visitors represent an estimated 3% and 1% of all drivers on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast respectively during the morning peak period. During the peak holiday period in the afternoon, visitor drivers make up 5% (Gold Coast) and 4% (Sunshine Coast) of all drivers. In contrast, the majority of visitor trips on the Sunshine Coast start between 10am and 5pm, with two afternoon peaks of 3pm and 5pm. This visitor travel pattern differs from that of Sunshine Coast residents whose peak travel periods occur at 8:00am and 3:00pm, with another smaller peak at 5:30pm. The results of the sample data indicate that the impact of visitor travel on the travel During peak periods visitors represent between patterns of Sunshine Coast residents would be minimal, 1% and 3% of vehicle travel on the AM peak. especially during the morning peak period.

Time of travel - Gold Coast andTime Sunshine of travel – CoastGold Coast and Sunshine Coast visitors

Gold Coast: Represents 8% Sunshine Coast: Represents Sunshine Coast: Represents Gold Coast: Represents 13% of all AM Peak travel in 4% of all AM Peak travel in 10% of all PM Peak travel in of all PM Peak travel in January period (estimated) January period (estimated) January period (estimated) January period (estimated)

AM peak PM peak 14000 Gold Coast

12000 Sunshine Coast

10000

8000 Trips 6000

4000

2000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (24 hours)

Gold Coast: Represents 3% of Sunshine Coast: Represents Sunshine Coast: Represents Gold Coast: Represents 5% of all AM Peak Vehicle travel in 1% of all AM Peak Vehicle travel 4% of all PM Peak Vehicle travel all PM Peak Vehicle travel in January period (estimated) in January period (estimated) in January period (estimated) January period (estimated)

108 Groups Summary | Visitor travel

Trips per day TripsTrips per per day day Trips per day KilometresKilometres per per trip tripkilometresKilometres per per trip day

South-east South-east South-east South-east South-east 3.6 South-east3.6 9.5 9.5 3.6 9.5 QueenslandQueensland residents residentsQueensland residents QueenslandQueensland residents residentsQueensland residents

Gold Coast Gold Coast 2.5 2.5 Gold Coast Gold Coast 8.6 8.6 Gold Coast 2.5 Gold Coast 8.6 visitorsvisitors visitors visitorsvisitors visitors

Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast 2.4 2.4 Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast 9.1 9.1 Sunshine Coast 2.4 Sunshine Coast 9.1 visitorsvisitors visitors visitorsvisitors visitors

Mode share ModeMode share share Mode share

Private vehicle Private vehicle Private vehicle South-east South-east 83% 83% 7% 9% 7% (driver)9% (driver) South-east 83% 7% 9% (driver) QueenslandQueensland residents residentsQueensland residents Public transport Public transport Public transport Gold Coast Gold Coast Gold Coast 52% 52% 14% 14% 33% 33% visitors visitors 52% 14% 33% Active transport Active transport visitors Active transport

Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast 56% 56% 4% 4% 39% 39% 56% 4% 39% visitorsvisitors visitors

Data source: Gold Coast Visitor Travel Survey 2007, which had 3075 respondents Sunshine Coast Visitor Travel Survey 2008, which had 2553 respondents Methodological considerations: The data was collected during winter months. It does not include information from day visitors and visitors staying in private dwellings. While the Visitor Travel Survey did not gather data on the travel behaviour of day visitors, Tourism Queensland estimates that day visitors made up 60% of all visitors to the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast in 2007-95% of whom arrived by car. This is a considerable demand upon the road network that has not been captured in the Visitor Travel Survey.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 109 Weekend Travel

1/4 The proportion of total trips that the weekend accounts for. 1.2 million The reduction in number of trips travelled on a weekend day compared to a weekday. 12% The increase in vehicle passenger mode share on the weekend compared to a weekday.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Other Total weekly travel | Weekend travel

In total, 45.2 million trips are made during the week (Monday to Friday) and 15.6 million trips are made on the weekend. This shows that weekend trips account for roughly one quarter of all trips made during the whole week. Weekends account for a slightly greater proportion of kilometres travelled when compared to trips. Of the 429 million kilometres travelled in a week, 29% are travelled on the weekend. The weekend accounts for one quarter of trips during the whole week, and 29% of kilometres travelled

Number of trips on average (millions) Total number of kilometres (millions) NumberNumberNumber of trips of tripsofon trips Numberaverage on onaverage average(millions)of trips (millions) on (millions) average (millions) Total numberTotalTotal of number kilometres numberTotal of number kilometresof (millions) kilometres of kilometres (millions) (millions) (millions) NumberNumber of tripsof trips on onaverage average (millions) (millions) TotalTotal number number of kilometresof kilometres (millions) (millions) Monday Monday Monday Monday to FridayMondayMonday to Friday 45.2 to Friday45.2 MondayMonday to Friday 428.8 428.8 to Fridayto Friday 45.2 45.2 to Fridayto Friday 428.8428.8 Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday MondayMonday 15.6 15.6 MondayMonday 172.6 172.6 and SundaySaturdayto FridaySaturdayto Friday and Sunday 45.2 45.2and Sunday Saturdayto FridaySaturdayto Fridayand Sunday 428.8428.8 andand Sunday Sunday 15.6 15.6 andand Sunday Sunday 172.6172.6 SaturdaySaturday SaturdaySaturday andand Sunday Sunday 15.6 15.6 andand Sunday Sunday 172.6172.6

Proportion of trips Proportion of trips Proportion of trips ProportionProportion of tripsof trips

South-east South-east Monday to Monday to ProportionProportion of tripsof trips Friday Friday Queensland Queensland 75% 75% 25% 25% South-eastSouth-east MondayMonday to to 75% 75% 25% 25% Saturday and FridayFridaySaturday and QueenslandQueensland Sunday Sunday South-eastSouth-east MondayMonday to to Brisbane Brisbane 74% 75% 75% 74% 26% 25% 25% 26% SaturdayFridaySaturdayFriday and and QueenslandQueensland SundaySunday BrisbaneBrisbane 74% 74% 26% 26% SaturdaySaturday and and SundaySunday Gold Coast Gold Coast BrisbaneBrisbane 74% 74% 74% 74% 26% 26% 26% 26%

GoldGold Coast Coast 74% 74% 26% 26% Sunshine Sunshine Coast Coast 75% 75% 25% 25% GoldGold Coast Coast 74% 74% 26% 26% SunshineSunshine CoastCoast 75% 75% 25% 25% SunshineSunshine 75% 75% 25% 25% CoastCoast Proportion of total kilometresProportion of total kilometres

South-east South-east ProportionProportion of totalof total kilometres kilometres Monday to Monday to 71% 71% 29% 29% Friday Friday ProportionQueensland of totalQueensland kilometres ProportionProportion of totalof total kilometres kilometres Saturday and Saturday and Sunday Sunday South-eastSouth-east MondayMonday to to Brisbane Brisbane FridayFriday QueenslandQueensland 70% 71% 71% 70% 30% 29% 29% 30% South-eastSouth-east MondayMonday to to 71% 71% 29% 29% SaturdayFridaySaturdayFriday and and QueenslandQueensland SundaySunday Gold Coast Gold Coast BrisbaneBrisbane 75% 70% 70% 75% 25% 30% 30% 25% SaturdaySaturday and and SundaySunday BrisbaneBrisbane 70% 70% 30% 30% Sunshine Sunshine 72% 72% 28% 28% GoldCoastGold Coast Coast Coast 75% 75% 25% 25%

GoldGold Coast Coast 75% 75% 25% 25% SunshineSunshine CoastCoast 72% 72% 28% 28% SunshineSunshine CoastCoast 72% 72% 28% 28%

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 111 Other Total daily travel | Weekend travel

On a weekend, 1.2 million fewer trips are made per day when compared to a weekday. In total there are 7.8 million trips per day on the weekend, compared to 9.0 million trips per day on the weekday. However, the total distance (84 million kilometres) travelled per day on the weekend is roughly equal to that on a weekday. This indicates that people travel a further distance for a day on the weekend, although there are fewer trips.

Travel on a weekend day is roughly equal to a weekday in terms of kilometres travelled.

Daily total number of trips (millions) Daily total number of trips (millions) Daily total number of trips (millions)

Monday to 9.0 South-east Friday Monday to Queensland 9.0 South-east 7.8 SaturdayFriday and Queensland Sunday 7.8 Saturday and 6.3 Sunday Brisbane 6.3 5.5 Brisbane 5.5 1.6 Gold Coast 1.6 1.4 Gold Coast 1.4 1.2 million 1.1 Sunshine The reduction in number of trips travelled Coast 1.1 Sunshine 0.9 on a weekend day compared to a weekday. Coast 0.9

Daily total kilometres travelled (millions) Daily total kilometres travelled (millions)Daily total kilometres travelled (millions) Monday to 85.8 South-east Friday Monday to Queensland 85.8 South-east 86.3 SaturdayFriday and Queensland Sunday 86.3 Saturday and 57.3 Sunday Brisbane 57.3 60.5 Brisbane 60.5 17.3 Gold Coast 17.3 14.8 Gold Coast 14.8 11.2 Sunshine Coast 11.2 Sunshine 11.1 Coast 11.1

112 Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 Other DailyNumberNumberNumber travel of tripsof of trips trips on onaverage| on average Weekendaverage travel DistanceDistanceDistance on onaverage on average average (kilometres) (kilometres) (kilometres)

MondayMondayMonday MondayMondayMonday 3.4 3.43.4 to Fridayto toFriday Friday 12.0 12.012.0 to Fridayto toFriday Friday 3.3On3.3 3.3average,3.3 3.3 3.3people3.3 make3.33.3 2.8 trips on a weekend day on a weekday. SaturdaySaturdaySaturday 11.0 11.011.0 10.9 10.910.9 10.9 10.910.9 SaturdaySaturdaySaturday (Saturday or Sunday),2.9 2.92.9 with an average2.9 2.92.9 distanceand Sundayandand Sundayof Sunday 11 10.5 10.510.5 10.4 10.410.4 and Sundayandand Sunday Sunday 2.8 2.82.8 It is likely that long trips of more than 50 kilometres are kilometres. Compared 2.7to 2.7a2.7 weekday, people make slightly 9.5 9.59.5 responsible9.1 9.19.1 for the increase in average trip distance on fewer trips but travel a further distance per trip. The the weekend, rather than more trips of shorter distance. duration of an average trip remains consistent. Compared to other regions, people on the Gold Coast During the weekend around one in four people (18%) make the lowest average number of trips on the weekend. don’t make any trips, compared to one in five (28%) on weekdays. The increase in average trip distance on average The increase in the distance from a weekday to weekend on the weekend primarily is driven by an increase in trips trip is less on the Gold Coast, with trip lengths remaining of over 20 kilometres for weekend travel. For the weekend, consistent. This could be because the Gold Coast is more 14% of trips are more than 20 kilometres compared to 11% compact than Brisbane and Sunshine Coast. South-eastSouth-eastSouth-eastBrisbaneBrisbaneBrisbane GoldGold Gold SunshineSunshineSunshine South-eastSouth-eastSouth-eastBrisbaneBrisbaneBrisbane GoldGold Gold SunshineSunshineSunshine QueenslandQueenslandQueensland CoastCoastCoast CoastCoastCoast QueenslandQueenslandQueensland CoastCoastCoast CoastCoastCoast Number of trips on average Distance on average (kilometres) NumberNumber of trips ofon trips average on average DistanceDistance on average on average (kilometres) (kilometres)

Monday Monday Monday Monday 3.4 3.43.4 to Friday toto FridayFriday 12.0 12.012.0 to Friday toto FridayFriday 3.3 3.33.3 3.3 3.33.3 3.3 3.33.3 Saturday Saturday 11.0 11.011.0 10.9 10.910.9 10.9 10.910.9 Saturday Saturday 2.9 2.92.9 2.9 2.92.9 and Sundayand Sunday 10.5 10.510.5 10.4 10.410.4 and Sundayand Sunday 2.8 2.82.8 2.7 2.72.7 9.5 9.59.5 9.1 9.19.1

Lower trip rates on the weekend are due to a higher proportion of people making South-eastSouth-eastBrisbane BrisbaneGold GoldSunshine Sunshine South-eastSouth-eastBrisbane BrisbaneGold GoldSunshine Sunshine no trips. QueenslandQueensland Coast CoastCoast Coast QueenslandQueensland Coast CoastCoast Coast

Number of trips NumberNumberNumber of tripsof of trips trips

No tripsNoNo trips trips

WeekdayWeekdayWeekday 18% 18%18% 37% 37%37% 12% 12%12% 34% 34%34% 1 - 2 1trips - 12 - trips2 trips

3 trips3 trips3 trips WeekendWeekendWeekend 28% 28%28% 30% 30%30% 11% 11%11% 31% 31%31% 4 trips4 trips 4 trips or moreor ormore more

Distance travelled DistanceDistanceDistance travelled travelled travelled

2% 2%2% WeekdayWeekdayWeekday 11% 11%11% 13% 13%13% 26% 26%26% 21% 21%21% 17% 17%17% 9% 9%9% 1% 1%1%

2% 2%2% WeekendWeekendWeekend 11% 11%11% 12% 12%12% 27% 27%27% 21% 21%21% 16% 16%16% 10% 10%10% 1% 1%1% NumberNumber of trips of trips

Less thanLessLess than than BetweenBetweenBetween BetweenBetweenBetween BetweenBetweenBetween BetweenBetweenBetween BetweenBetweenBetween BetweenBetweenBetween GreaterGreater Greaterthan than than 1 km 1 km1 km 1 - 2 km1 - 12 -km 2 km 2 - 5 km2 - 25 -km 5 km 5- 10 5-km 105- 10km km 10 - 2010 km 10- 20 - 20 km km 20 - 5020 km20 - 50 - 50km km 50 - 10050 50 -km 100 - 100 km km 100 km100100No km kmtrips No trips

Weekday Weekday 18% 18%18% 37% 37%37% 12% 12%12% 34% 34%34% 1 - 2 trips 11 -- 22 tripstrips

3 trips 3 trips WeekendWeekend 28% 28%28% 30% 30%30% 11% 11%11% 31% 31%31% 4 trips 4 trips or more or more Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 113

DistanceDistance travelled travelled

2% 2%2% Weekday Weekday 11% 11%11% 13% 13%13% 26% 26%26% 21% 21%21% 17% 17%17% 9% 9%9% 1% 1%1%

2% 2%2% WeekendWeekend 11% 11%11% 12% 12%12% 27% 27%27% 21% 21%21% 16% 16%16% 10% 10%10% 1% 1%1%

Less than LessLess thanthanBetween BetweenBetween Between Between BetweenBetween Between Between Between Between Between Greater thanGreater than 1 km 11 kmkm 1 - 2 km 11 -- 22 kmkm 2 - 5 km 22 -- 55 kmkm 5- 10 km 5-5- 1010 kmkm10 - 20 km 1010 -- 2020 kmkm20 - 50 km 2020 -- 5050 kmkm50 - 100 km 5050 -- 100100 kmkm100 km 100100 kmkm Other Mode share | Weekend travel

On the weekend, there is a lower share of vehicle driver trips and public transport trips. These trips are replaced by a greater proportion of vehicle passenger trips. So although there is a greater proportion of trips in vehicles in total (88% compared to 82% on a weekday), a larger proportion are shared vehicles. There is only a small proportion of public transport trips on the weekend, while the proportion of active transport 12% trips remains stable. The increase in vehicle passenger mode share on the weekend.

Mode Modeshare share - based – based on trips on trips ModeMode share share - based – based on on trips trips Weekday Weekday Weekend Weekend Mode share – based on trips Mode share – based on trips Weekday Weekend Private vehicle 8% (driver) 9% 1% 2% 1% Private vehicle 8% (passenger)Private vehicle 8% (driver) 9% 1% 2% 1% Public transportPrivate vehicle 8% (passenger) 52% 58% Cycle 24% 36% Public transport

52% Walk 58% Cycle 24% 36%

Walk

Change in mode from weekday to weekend

Change in mode from weekdayChange to weekend in mode from weekday to weekend 13% 12% South-east 10%13% 10% Queensland 12% Brisbane South-east 10% 10% Queensland

Gold Coast Brisbane

Sunshine Coast Gold Coast

Sunshine Coast -3% -3% -4% -5% -6% -6% -3% -3% -4% -7% -7% -5% -6% -6% -7% -7%

Private vehicle (driver) Private vehicle (passenger) Public transport Public transport mode share drops dramatically

Private vehicle (driver) Private vehicle (passenger) Public transport on a weekend.

Distance (kilometres) of trips 114

Distance (kilometres) of trips Monday to 10.7 Friday

11.0 Saturday and Sunday Monday to 10.7 Friday 8.3 11.0 Saturday and Sunday 13.3 8.3 Private vehicle (driver) 15.4 13.3 Private vehicle (passenger)Private vehicle 14.4 (driver) 15.4 Public transportPrivate vehicle (passenger) 4.1 14.4 Cycle Public transport 6.1 4.1 Walk Cycle 1.0 6.1 Other Walk 1.1 1.0 Other 9.5 1.1

11.0 9.5

11.0 Mode shareMode – share based – onbased trips on trips Mode shareMode – share based – onbased trips on trips WeekdayWeekday WeekendWeekend

Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 8% 8% (driver) (driver) 9% 9% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% Private vehiclePrivate vehicle 8% 8% (passenger)(passenger)

Public transportPublic transport

52% 52% 58% 58% Cycle Cycle 24% 24% 36% 36%

Walk Walk

ChangeChange in mode in from mode weekday from weekday to weekend to weekend

13% 13% 12% 12% South-eastSouth-east 10% 10%10% 10% QueenslandQueensland

Brisbane Brisbane

Gold CoastGold Coast

Sunshine Sunshine Coast Coast

-3% -3%-3% -3% -4% -4% -5% -5% -6% -6% -6% -6% -7% -7% -7% -7% Other Mode share | Weekend travel

Private vehiclePrivate (driver) vehicle (driver) Private vehiclePrivate (passenger) vehicle (passenger) Public transportPublic transport On the weekend, the distance that people travel across distances on average. Bicycle trips are of a further different modes does not change significantly, with distance on the weekend, which is likely to be due to the exception of vehicle passengers travelling greater longer recreational trips.

Distance (kilometres) of trips DistanceDistance (kilometres) (kilometres) of trips of trips

Monday toMonday to 10.7 10.7 Friday Friday

11.0 11.0 Saturday andSaturday and Sunday Sunday

8.3 8.3

13.3 13.3 Private vehiclePrivate vehicle (driver) (driver) 15.4 15.4 Private vehiclePrivate vehicle (passenger)(passenger) 14.4 14.4 Public transportPublic transport

4.1 4.1 Cycle Cycle 6.1 6.1 Walk Walk 1.0 1.0 Other Other 1.1 1.1

9.5 9.5

11.0 11.0

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 115 Other Trip purpose and travel distance | Weekend travel

The reasons people travel on the weekend is different to weekdays. The proportion of work trips and education trips decreases on the weekend, while shopping and social/recreation trips increase. One third of weekend trips are to shop and one third are for recreation.

On the weekend, people travel further for all trip purposes, particularly for social/ recreation trips.

Trip purposeTrip purpose - basedTrip – Tripbasedpurpose on purpose trips on –trips based – based on trips on trips TripTrip purpose purposeTrip - –based Tripbasedpurpose purpose on on –tripstrips based – based on trips on trips Weekday Weekday WeekdayWeekday Weekend Weekend WeekendWeekend Work Work Work <1% <1% 10% 10% <1% 7% 7% 6% 6% 10% 7% 6% ShoppingShopping Shopping 27% 27% 12% 12% 12% 12% 27% 12% 12% PersonalPersonal business business Personal business 33% 33% 33% Social/recreationSocial/recreation 10% 10% Social/recreation 10% AccompanyingAccompanying Accompanying 18% 18% 32% 32% othersothers 18% 32% others 15% 15% 15% 9% 9% ServeServe passenger passenger 9% 9% 9% 9% Serve passenger

EducationEducation Education

Distance (kilometres) of trips Distance (kilometres)DistanceDistance (kilometres) of (kilometres)trips of trips of trips

MondayMonday to to 5.9 5.9 Monday to FridayFriday 5.9 Friday 7.1 7.1 SaturdaySaturday and and 7.1 Saturday and SundaySunday Sunday 8.6 8.6 8.6

12.1 12.1 12.1 ShoppingShopping Shopping 9.4 9.4 9.4 PersonalPersonal business business Personal business 14.8 14.8 14.8 Social/recreationSocial/recreation Social/recreation 7.1 7.1 7.1 AccompanyingAccompanying Accompanying othersothers others 10.3 10.3 10.3 ServeServe passenger passenger Serve passenger 7.1 7.1 7.1

9.5 9.5 9.5

Total kilometresTotalTotal (millions)kilometres kilometres travelled (millions) (millions) per travelled day travelled – South-east per perday day– South-eastQueensland – South-east Queensland Queensland

PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 85.8 Private85.8 vehicle MondayMonday 85.8 (driver)(driver) Monday 116 (driver) to Fridayto Friday to Friday 55.7 55.7 All modesAll modes 55.7 All modes

86.3 86.3 SaturdaySaturday 86.3 Saturday and Sundayand Sunday and Sunday 45.0 45.0 45.0

Total kilometresTotalTotal (millions)kilometres kilometres – (millions) all (millions)modes – all – modes all modes

MondayMonday PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle Monday 172.6Private172.6 vehicle to Fridayto Friday 172.6 (driver)(driver) to Friday (driver) SaturdaySaturday All modesAll modes Saturday 428.8 428.8 All modes and Sundayand Sunday 428.8 and Sunday

Total kilometresTotalTotal (millions)kilometres kilometres – (millions) private (millions) vehicle – private – private(driver) vehicle vehicle only (driver) (driver) only only

MondayMonday Monday 278.4 278.4 to Fridayto Friday to Friday 278.4 SaturdaySaturday Saturday 90.0 90.0 and Sundayand Sunday 90.0 and Sunday Trip purpose – based on trips Trip purpose – based on trips Weekday Weekend

Work

<1% 10% 7% 6% Shopping 27% 12% 12% Personal business

33% Social/recreation 10% Other

Accompanying 18% 32% others Vehicle kilometres15% travelled | Weekend travel 9% 9% Serve passenger

The total kilometres travelled on the weekend are roughly Education equivalent to that of a weekday at 86 million kilometres. However, when looking at car travel only, there are 10.7 million less vehicle kilometres travelled on a weekend day. This is because a greater proportion of travel on the Distance (kilometres) of trips weekend is as vehicle passengers.

In total, there are 90 million vehicle kilometres travelled Monday to 5.9 on the weekend compared to 278 million vehicle Friday 7.1 Saturday and kilometres travelled during the week. Across all modes, Sunday weekend travel makes up 28% of kilometres travelled. 8.6 However when looking at car travel only, the weekend contribution to the total weekly vehicle kilometres 12.1 travelled is lower at 24%. This could be the result of Shopping 9.4 higher rates of car pooling on the weekend. Personal business Although total kilometres on the weekend is roughly 14.8 Social/recreation equal to the weekday, car kilometres travelled on the 7.1 Accompanying weekend reduces. others 10.3 Serve passenger

7.1 10.2 million less vehicle kilometres are One in four of all car kilometres travelled, travelled on a weekend day compared to are travelled on the weekend. 9.5 a weekday.

Total kilometres (millions)Total travelled kilometres per (millions) day - South-eat travelled Queenslandper day – South-east Queensland

Private vehicle 85.8 Monday (driver) to Friday 55.7 All modes

86.3 Saturday and Sunday 45.0

Total kilometres (millions) - all modes Total kilometres (millions) – all modes

Private vehicle Monday 172.6 to Friday (driver)

Saturday All modes 428.8 and Sunday

Total kilometres (millions) - privateTotal kilometresvehicle (driver) (millions) only – private vehicle (driver) only Private vehicle car use on the weekend contributes Monday to Friday 278.4 24% to the total vehicle kilometres travelled for Saturday 90.0 and Sunday the whole week.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 117 Other Time of travel | Weekend travel

Weekend travel does not have the same concentrated Weekend travel across all regions follows fairly similar peaks as weekday travel. Weekend travel is more patterns, with the greatest volume in the late morning. graduated over the day, starting later in the morning, The Gold Coast peak is slightly earlier than for Brisbane with the peak occurring just before midday and another and the Sunshine Coast. smaller peak at 3pm.

Time of travel (all modes) Time of travel (all modes)

AM peak PM peak 1,400,000 Saturday and Sunday

1,200,000 Monday to Friday

1,000,000

800,000 Trips 600,000

400,000

200,000 Weekend 0 trips peak 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 in volume Time (24 hours) at 11am.

Time of travel (all modes) Time of travel (all modes)

AM peak PM peak 700,000 Brisbane

600,000 Gold Coast

500,000 Sunshine Coast

400,000 Trips 300,000

200,000

100,000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

118 Total travel Average travel Other

Summary | Total Weekend trips (millions) travel Trips per day Diﬀerence

Weekday 3.3 -15% Weekday 45.2 25% Weekend 2.8 Weekend Total15.6 Total travel travel AverageAverage travel travel

Kilometres per trip Weekend proportion Total tripsTotal (millions) trips (millions) Trips perTrips day per day Weekday 9.5 DifferenceDifference WeekdayWeekday 3.3 3.3 -15%16% -15% WeekdayWeekday 45.2 45.2 Weekend 11 Total kilometres (millions) 25% 25% WeekendWeekend 2.8 2.8 Difference WeekendWeekend 15.6 15.6

Weekday 428.8 29% Minutes per trip KilometresKilometres per trip per trip Difference Weekend 172.6 WeekendWeekend proportion proportion Weekday 20 -5% WeekdayWeekday 9.5 9.5 Weekend 19 16% 16% Weekend proportion WeekendWeekend 11 11 Total kilometresTotal kilometres (millions) (millions) DifferenceDifference

WeekdayWeekday 428.8 428.8 29% 29% MinutesMinutes per trip per trip DiﬀerenceDiﬀerence WeekendWeekend 172.6 172.6 WeekdayWeekday 20 20 -5% -5%

WeekendWeekend 19 19 WeekendWeekend proportion proportion

Mode share – based on trips Purpose of trips – based on trips

<1% Diﬀerence -99%

10% 9% Diﬀerence -10% 10% 7% Diﬀerence -42%

2% Diﬀerence -75% 8% 12% 12% Diﬀerence 20%

10% 24% Mode36% shareModeDiﬀerence – share based 50% – onbased trips on trips PurposePurpose of trips of – basedtrips – onbased trips on trips

32% Difference 113% Work 15% <1% <1%DifferenceDifference -99% -99%

10% 10% 9% 9%DifferenceDifference -10% -10% 10% 10% 7% 7%DifferenceDifference -42% -42% Shopping 9% 2% 2%DifferenceDifference -75% -75% 8% 8% 12% 12% 12%9% 12%DifferenceDifference 20% 20% Personal business

18% Private vehicle Social/recreation 58% (driver) 10% 10% 24% 24% 36%52% 36%DifferenceDifferenceDifference 50% -10% 50% Private vehicle Accompanying 33% (passenger) 32% 32%DifferenceDifferenceDifference 113% 83% 113% Workothers Work 15% 15% Public transport 27% Serve passenger Shopping Shopping 9% 9% Cycle 6% Difference -78% Education 9% 9% Personal businessPersonal business

18% 18% Weekday Weekend Private vehiclePrivate vehicle Weekday Weekend Social/recreationSocial/recreation 58% 58% (driver) (driver) 52% 52%DifferenceDifference -10% -10% Private vehiclePrivate vehicle AccompanyingAccompanying (passenger)(passenger) 33% 33%DifferenceDifference 83% 83% others others

Public transportPublic transport 27% 27% Serve passengerServe passenger

Cycle Cycle 6% 6%DiﬀerenceDiﬀerence -78% -78% Education Education

WeekdayWeekdayWeekendWeekend WeekdayWeekdayWeekendWeekend

Data Source: Household Travel Survey 2009

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 119 Public Transport Travel

8% The mode share for public transport in south-east Queensland. 1 in 2 The proportion of Brisbane train users who walk to the train station. 10 mins The average time spent travelling to a public transport stop in Brisbane. Other Total travel | Public transport travel

This chapter contains a summary of public transport use in south-east Queensland based on analysis of data from household travel surveys conducted between 1992 and 2009. To improve reliability of estimates related to specific public transport modes, data from 2004 and 2007 have been combined and benchmarked to 2007 population levels. Please note that school bus services are included as public transport in this chapter and regional analyses are based on place of residence not the location of trips. In terms of total trips in south-east Queensland, bus trips make up three of five public transport trips, while train trips account for almost two in five public transport trips. More trips are made by bus but more kilometres are Train accounts for 2 in 5 public transport trips, but travelled by train because trains are generally used for three in five public transport kilometres travelled. longer trips.

Total Trips in South-east Queensland 2009 Total Kilometres in South-east Queensland 2009 TotalTotal trips Trips in South-east Queensland Queensland 2009 2009 Total KilometresTotal kilometres in South-east in South-east Queensland Queensland 2009 2009

Public transport Public transport (700,000 trips) 13% (10.6 million kilometres) 8% (700,000 trips) 13% (10.6 million kilometres) 8% All other modes All other modes

Public transport (74.8 million kilometres) services 8% of all 92% (8.3 million trips) 87% (74.8 million kilometres) 92% (8.3 million trips) 87% trips in south-east Queensland.

Total trips inTotal 2009 Trips in 2009 Total Totalkilometres Kilometres in 2009 in 2009 Total Trips in 2009 Total Kilometres in 2009

Train 2% 2% Train 2% 2% Bus Bus

39% 39% 39% 39% Ferry Ferry

59% 59% 59% 59%

Data source: Combined data from 2004 and 2007 Household Travel Surveys has been used in this chapter unless otherwise indicated. A combined dataset was used in order to ensure a robust sample size to allow analysis between different regions and public transport modes.

Daily total trips by mode (2009) Daily total trips by mode (2009)

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 121

Train Brisbane 70% 70% 70% 84% Train Brisbane 70% 70% 70% 84% Bus Bus Gold Coast 75% 75% 9% Gold Coast 75% 75% 9% Ferry Ferry

Sunshine Sunshine 72% 6% Coast 72% Coast 6%

Daily total kilometres by mode (2009) Daily total kilometres by mode (2009)

Train Brisbane 47% 30% 2% 78% Train Brisbane 47% 30% 2% 78% Bus Bus Gold Coast 9% 4% 14% Gold Coast 9% 4% 14% Ferry Ferry

Sunshine Sunshine 3% 5% 8% Coast 3% 5% Coast 8% Total Trips in South-east Queensland 2009 Total Kilometres in South-east Queensland 2009 Total Trips in South-east Queensland 2009 Total Kilometres in South-east Queensland 2009

Public transport (700,000 trips) 13% (10.6 million kilometres) 8% Public transport (10.6 million kilometres) All other modes 8% (700,000 trips) 13% All other modes

(74.8 million kilometres) 92% (8.3 million trips) 87% (74.8 million kilometres) 92% (8.3 million trips) 87% Other

Total travelTotal Trips in| 2009 Public transport travelTotal Kilometres in 2009 Total Trips in 2009 Total Kilometres in 2009

Train The majority of public2% transport trips in south-east 2% Queensland are made by Brisbane residents. While Train 2% 2% Bus representing 70% of south-east Queensland’s population, 39% 39% Bus Brisbane accounts for 84% of all public transport trips – Ferry 39% 39% both coastal regions demonstrate a greater proportion Ferry 59% of public 59%transport use when considered in terms of 59% kilometres59% travelled compared to trips travelled. This indicates that public transport trips on the coasts are longer distances on average.

Both coastal regions have a greater proportion of kilometres travelled than trips travelled.

Daily total trips by mode (2009) Daily total trips by mode (2009) Daily total trips by mode (2009)

Train Brisbane 70% 70% 70% 84% Train Brisbane 70% 70% 70% 84% Bus

Gold Coast 75% 75% 9% Bus Ferry Gold Coast 75% 75% 9% Ferry Sunshine 72% Coast 6% Sunshine 72% Coast 6%

Daily total kilometres by mode (2009) Daily total kilometres by mode (2009)Daily total kilometres by mode (2009)

Train Brisbane 47% 30% 2% 78% Train Brisbane 47% 30% 2% 78% Bus

Gold Coast 9% 4% 14% Bus Ferry Gold Coast 9% 4% 14% Ferry Sunshine 3% 5% Coast 8% Sunshine 3% 5% Coast 8%

122 Other Mode share | Public transport travel

The proportion of trips made by Brisbane residents on been steadily increasing in Brisbane but has remained public transport was more than double that of each of the fairly static on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. coastal areas in 2009. Public transport mode share has

Mode share Mode share Mode share

10% South-east 10% Queensland South-east Queensland 9% 9% Brisbane Brisbane 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% Gold Coast Gold Coast 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast

4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

3% 3% 3% 3% Public transport use has increased in Brisbane, while

1992 2004 2007 2009 remaining steady 2009 1992 2004 2007 on the Coasts.

While public transport mode share in Brisbane has Growth in population* and public transport trips increased by only a few percentage points since 2004, Growth in population* and public transport trips Growthfrom in 2004 population* to 2009 and public there has been a 20% increase in total public transport from 2004 to 2009 transport trips from 2004 to 2009 trips. This growth in public transport trips is double the growth in population over the same period. 27% 27% There are several factors likely to be contributing to the increase in public transport mode share in Brisbane. 20% These include infrastructure improvements such as 19% 20% busways and rail duplication, service improvements such 19% as more high-frequency bus routes both in the inner city 15% 15% and to key destinations and suburbs, and new ticketing 12% 11% 12% arrangements such as integrated ticketing and GoCard. 11%10% 10% Campaigns such as TravelSmart have increased awareness about alternatives to car travel. Public 5% 5% transport use to the inner city is encouraged by increases in parking costs in the CBD area.

1992 2004 2007 2009 On the Gold Coast, growth in public transport trips has 1992 2004 2007 2009 been below the growth in the population. Population Public On the Sunshine Coast, mode share has only increased by (millions) Populationtransport Public 1% since 2004. However, because it has started at a low (millions) transport base, this small increase represents a growth of 27% in public transport trips. *Note: 2004 to 2009 population are estimated resident population in private dwellings

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 123 Other Trip purpose | Public transport travel

Education and work are the main purposes for using public Trip purpose - based on trips transport, accounting for two thirds of public transport trips Trip purpose – based on trips made by Brisbane residents. Social and shopping trips Trip purpose – based on tripsWork make up one in five public transport trips. While travel to and from education is a major reason for ShoppingWork 30% using public transport in all three regions, it is the greatest PersonalShopping business reason for public transport use on the Sunshine Coast. While 30% 47% Social/recreationPersonal business nearly two in five public transport trips made by Brisbane 2% 47% residents are for work, only one in five public transport trips 1% 68% Accompanying 2% Social/recreation others by Gold Coast residents and one in ten trips by Sunshine 10% 1% 68% Accompanying Coast residents are for work purposes. 2% Serve passenger 5% others 10% 1% Train travel has a higher proportion of work purpose 2% Serve passenger 11%5% Education trips than buses. More than half of the train kilometres 9% 1% travelled across all regions are for work purposes. On the 11% 6% Education 9% Sunshine Coast, almost one in five train trips are for social/ 1% 6% recreation purposes. 15% 1% 1% 10% Bus is much more likely to be used for education purposes, 40% 15% 1% 2% especially on the coasts. In Brisbane, the bus is used much 10% 40% 20% 6% more for work purposes than on the coasts, with one in three 2% bus trips for work. 11% 20% 6% 11% Public transport is mainly used for education trips on Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine Coast the coasts, while direct work commuting is the largest Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine component of Brisbane public transport trips. Coast

Train trip purpose – based on trips Bus trip purpose – based on trips Train trip purpose - based on trips Bus trip purpose - based on trips Train trip purpose – based on trips Bus trip purpose – based on trips Work Work 11% 15% 21% 1% Work Work 11% Shopping Shopping 15% 37% 21% 2% 4% 1% 1% PersonalShopping business PersonalShopping business 3% 37% 2% 1% 4% 1% 9% 18% Personal business 54% Personal business 3% Social/recreation Social/recreation 9% 1% 3% 9% 54% 5% 18% AccompanyingSocial/recreation 2% AccompanyingSocial/recreation others others 9% 7% 8% 3% 76% 9% 1% 5% Accompanying 2% Accompanying 3% Serve passenger Serve passenger 7% others others 8% 10% 76% 9% 1% Serve passenger Serve passenger 3% Education 6% 1% Education 10%

Education 1% Education 13%6% 1% 8% 59% 1% 13% 54% 6% 53% 8% 59% 1% 54% 6% 53% 17% 1% 1% Brisbane 31% 8% buses attract 17% 1%1% 31% a higher 7% 8% 11% 6% 1% proportion 7% 11% of work trips Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine6% Coast Coast than coastal Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine buses. Coast Coast

124 Other Trip distance and duration | Public transport travel

Trip purpose - based on trips The average duration of public transport trips has Train trips made by coastal residents are generally decreased from 54 minutes in 1992 to 49 minutes in much longer in distance and time than Brisbane. This is 2009. The average trip distance has remained relatively because many train trips made by coastal residents are to steady, which suggests public transport travel has or from Brisbane. become more efficient overall. Trains are clearly used for longer trips with the average train trip almost 25 kilometres in distance compared Trains travel the highest average kilometres with 11 kilometres for bus. When comparing origin to along coastal areas, while buses travel the destination travel speeds, train trips are faster at around 23 kilometres per hour, while both bus and ferry trips are highest average kilometres in Brisbane. between 14 and 15 kilometre per hour.

Trip distance and duration – public transport trips TripTrip distance distance and and duration duration - –public public transport transport tripstrips Trip distance Tripand distance duration and by duration mode by mode Trip distanceTrip distance and durationand duration – public – public transport transport trips trips Trip distanceTrip distance and durationand duration by mode by mode

64 64 Minutes Minutes 56 64 64 MinutesMinutes 54 56 64 64 64 64 56 56 54 51 Kilometres 54 54 Kilometres 51 49 KilometresKilometres(millions) 51 51 49 (millions) 49 49 (millions)(millions) 48 48 48 48

15.9 15.6 15.4 15.9 15.6 14.3 15.9 15.9 15.6 15.6 15.4 14.3 15.4 15.4 14.3 14.3

24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 11.3 Bus trip purpose - based on trips 11.3 11.3 11.3

1992 2004 2007 2009 Train Bus Ferry 1992 1992 2004 2004 2007 2007 2009 2009 Train Train Bus Bus Ferry Ferry

Average train trip Average bus trip Average train trip AverageAverage train train trip trip Average bus trip AverageAverage bus tripbus trip

130 130 130 130 Minutes Minutes MinutesMinutes Kilometres 107 Kilometres KilometresKilometres(millions) 107 (millions) 107 107 50 (millions)(millions) 50 50 50 87.4v 87.4v 87.4v 87.4v 41 41 41 41 73.3 41 41 41 41 73.3 73.3 73.3 60 60 60 60

On average, 14 train trips 14 12.4 20.6 14 14 12.4 20.6 are twice the 8.7 12.4 12.4 20.6 20.6 8.7 distance of 8.7 8.7

Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine bus trips. Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine BrisbaneBrisbaneGold CoastGold CoastSunshineSunshineCoast BrisbaneBrisbaneGold CoastGold CoastSunshineSunshineCoast CoastCoast CoastCoast

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 125 Other Mode of travel to public transport from home | Public transport travel

Almost nine in ten bus travellers walk to the bus stop, compared to half of train travellers. Slightly more than one quarter of train travellers drive to the train station. This pattern of behaviour may be the result of park’n’ride facilities being more readily available at train stations or the fact that people have a generally closer proximity to a bus stop, given their less sparse distribution across south-east Queensland (compared to train stations).

Nine in ten bus travellers walk to the bus stop compared to five in ten train travellers.

Mode ofMode travelMode of travelto of traintravel to trainstation to train station station Mode Modeof travelMode of travel ofto travel bus to busstop to bus stop stop - based on trips– based– based on trips on trips - based on– trips based– based on trips on trips

PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (driver)(driver)

4% 4% PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 9% 9% PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle <1% <1% (passenger)(passenger) 28% 28% <1% <1% <1% <1% PublicPublic transport transport

49% 49% CycleCycle

Walk Walk 87% 87% 20% 20%

2% 2%1% 1%

Mode ofMode travelMode of travelto of traintravel to trainstation to train station station Mode Modeof travelMode of travel ofto travel bus to busstop to bus stop stop - based on distance– based– based on distance on distance - based on– based distance– based on distance on distance

PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (driver)(driver)

<1% <1%10% 10% PublicPublic transport transport

<1% <1% 32% 32% CycleCycle

Walk Walk

<1% <1% <1% <1% 67% 67%

89% 89%

ModeMode of travel of travel to train to train station station– based– based on trips on trips

126 PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (driver)(driver) BrisbaneBrisbane 25% 25% 20% 20% <1% <1%1% 1% 52% 52% (driver)(driver) PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (passenger)(passenger) 2% 2% GoldGold Coast Coast 62% 62% 28% 28% 8% 8% PublicPublic transport transport <1% <1%

CycleCycle SunshineSunshine 68% 68% 26% 26% 6% 6% CoastCoast 68% 68% 26% 26% 6% 6% Walk Walk

ModeMode of travel of travel to bus to bus stop stop – based – based on trips on trips

PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (driver)(driver) BrisbaneBrisbane 5% 5%9% 9%<1% <1% <1% 86% 86% (driver)(driver) PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle (passenger)(passenger)

7% 7% GoldGold Coast Coast 91% 91% PublicPublic transport transport <1% <1% <1% <1%

CycleCycle SunshineSunshine <1% <1%14% 14%<1% <1% <1% 84% 84% CoastCoast <1% <1%14% 14%<1% <1% <1% 84% 84% Walk Walk Mode of travel to train station Mode of travel to bus stop – based on trips – based on trips

Private vehicle (driver) 4% 4% 9% Private vehicle 9% <1% <1% (passenger) 28% <1% <1% Public transport

49% Cycle

Walk 87% 20% 1% 2% 1%

Mode of travel to train station Mode of travel to bus stop – based on distance – based on distance

Private vehicle (driver) 10% Other <1% 10% Public transport

<1% 32% Mode of travel to public transport from home | Public transport travel Mode of travel to public transport from home | Public transportCycle travel

Walk Brisbane residents are much more likely to access a train <1% <1% <1% station by walking, but mode travel to a bus stop is fairly <1%Around half 67%of Brisbane residents access similar across the three south-east Queensland regions. 89% a train station via walking, while the The Gold Coast has the highest proportion of people remainder drive or are dropped off. accessing bus stops by walking.

Mode of travel to train station - based on trips Mode of travel to train station– based on trips

Private vehicle (driver) Brisbane 25% 20% <1% 1% 52% (driver) Private vehicle (passenger) 2% Gold Coast 62% 28% 8% 2% Gold Coast 62% 28% 8% Public transport <1%

Cycle Sunshine Sunshine 68% 26% 6% Coast 68% 26% 6% Walk

Mode of travel to bus stop - based onMode trips of travel to bus stop – based on trips

Private vehicle (driver) Brisbane 5% 9% <1% <1% 86% (driver) Private vehicle (passenger) 7% Gold Coast 7% 91% Gold Coast 91% Public transport <1% <1% <1%

Cycle Sunshine Sunshine <1% 14% <1% <1% 84% Coast <1% 14% <1% <1% 84% Walk

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 127 Other Travel to public transport | Public transport travel

On average, south-east Queensland residents take 10 minutes to travel to a public transport stop. Coastal regions have greater average distances to access public transport, although this distance travelled takes slightly less time than in Brisbane. This is because cars are used more often to access the train in coastal areas. Coastal residents travel a greater distance and longer duration to access a train station, especially on the Sunshine Coast. Overall people travel longer distances to train stations than bus stops. This could be due to a number of factors such as stronger attraction of users to the train (i.e. larger geographic catchment) than the bus, more park’n’ride facilities at train stations facilitating longer travel distances to the station (by car) or that there are more bus stops than train stations throughout south- east Queensland so people are likely to live closer to a bus stop than a train station.

Average trip distance andAverageAverage duration trip trip distance travelleddistance and and to duration trainduration station travelled travelled to to train train station station

Average duration 11 Average duration Brisbane 11 (minutes) Brisbane (minutes) 3.3 Kilometres 3.3 (millions)Kilometres (millions)

13 Gold Coast 13 Gold Coast 6.4 6.4

23 Sunshine 23 Sunshine Brisbane residents travel the shortest Coast Coast 17.4 17.4 distance to access public transport – 2 kilometres on average.

AverageAverageAverage trip trip trip distance distance distance and and and duration duration travelled travelled AverageAverage trip trip trip distance distance distance and and andduration duration duration to public transport stop from home travelled to bus stop to publicto transport public transport stop from stop homefrom home travelledtravelled to bus to stop bus stop

10 8 Brisbane 10 Brisbane 8 Brisbane Brisbane 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.3

9 7 Gold Coast 9 Gold Coast 7 Gold Coast Gold Coast 2.5 1.3 The average 2.5 1.3 trip distance

8 6 to a bus stop Sunshine Sunshine 6 Sunshine 8 Sunshine Coast Coast is slightly Coast 2.8 Coast 1.1 2.8 1.1 more than 1 kilometre.

128 Other Wait time | Public transport travel

The average wait time for public transport in Brisbane of time for public transport for work commute, education is roughly 10 minutes for both trains and buses. On or shopping trips. the coast, train users wait twice as long for a train than It appears that public transport users wait longer for social/ in Brisbane. recreation public transport trips than other key purposes, The average wait time for buses is under 10 minutes. particularly on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. This could be because social/recreation trips occur outside of Public transport users wait for roughly equivalent lengths peak times when services are less frequent.

Average wait time (minutes) by mode Average wait time (minutes) by mode Average wait time (minutes) by mode

10 Brisbane 10 Brisbane

Train 19 Train 19 Gold Coast Gold Coast 19 19 Sunshine CoastSunshine Coast

9 9

Bus 9 Bus 9 Coastal train users wait twice the length of time 7 7 of Brisbane train users.

Average wait time (minutes) by purpose Average wait time (minutes) by purposeAverage wait time (minutes) by purpose

9 Brisbane 9 Brisbane

14 14 Gold Coast Gold Coast 10 10 Sunshine CoastSunshine Coast

10 10

7 7 Work Work 11 11 Shopping Shopping

16 Social/recreation 16 Social/recreation

34 Education 34 Education

25 25

9 9

6 6 The average wait time is fairly consistent across 4 4 trip types with the exception of a social trip, which has a longer wait time average.

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 129 Other Time of travel | Public transport travel

Both buses and trains share similar volumes of peak travel in the AM peak, while train trip volumes reduce further than bus travel during the off-peak period. The peak in bus travel at 3pm would reflect dedicated school bus routes.

Train travel in Brisbane in the afternoon has a less pronounced peak than in the morning. There is a wider distribution of trips from 3pm through to 6pm.

Time of public transport travel - Brisbane Time of public transport travel – Brisbane

AM peak PM peak 70,000 Train

60,000 Bus

50,000

40,000 Trips 30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

Time of public transport travel – Gold Coast

AM peak PM peak 18,000 Train 16,000 Bus 14,000

12,000

10,000

Trips 8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours) 130

Time of public transport travel – Sunshine Coast

AM peak PM peak 14,000 Train

12,000 Bus

10,000

8,000 Trips 6,000

4,000

2,000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours) Time of public transport travel – Brisbane

Time of public transport travel – Brisbane AM peak PM peak 70,000 Train AM peak PM peak 60,00070,000 TrainBus

50,00060,000 Bus

40,00050,000 Other Trips Time30,00040,000 of travel | Public transport travel Trips 30,00020,000

10,00020,000 Coastal bus trips have two significant peaks in the 10,000morning0 and afternoon – for travelling to and from1 school.2 3 Volumes4 5 6 during7 8 the9 afternoon10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 peak are0 higher than in the morning. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time11 (2412 hours)13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

Time of public transport travel - Gold CoastTime of public transport travel – Gold Coast

Time of public transport travel – Gold Coast AM peak PM peak 18,000 Train AM peak PM peak 16,000 18,000 TrainBus 14,000 16,000 Bus 12,000 14,000

10,000 12,000

Trips 8,000 10,000

Trips 6,000 8,000

4,000 6,000

2,000 4,000

0 2,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time11 (2412 hours)13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

Time of public transport travel – Sunshine Coast

Time of public transport travel - SunshineCoastTime of public transport travel – Sunshine Coast AM peak PM peak 14,000 Train AM peak PM peak 12,00014,000 TrainBus

10,00012,000 Bus

10,0008,000 Trips 6,0008,000 Trips 6,0004,000

4,0002,000

2,0000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time11 (2412 hours)13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (24 hours)

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 131 Other Profile of public transport users | Public transport travel

Brisbane has a higher proportion of public transport users between 19 and 64, while the Coastal areas attract more under 18s and 65+ aged travellers. As reflected in the purposes for public transport trips, Brisbane has a much higher proportion of patronage by full time workers while public transport on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast serves a high proportion of school children.

Two in five Brisbane public transport patrons are full time workers.

Two in three public transport users in Brisbane are of working age (64%) compared to 40% on the Gold Coast.

Age of public transport users Age of public transport users Age of public transport users Age of public transport users Age of public transport users Age of public transport users - BrisbaneAge of public transport users - AgeGold of Coastpublic transport users -Age Sunshine of public Coast transport users – Brisbane – Gold Coast – Sunshine Coast – Brisbane – Gold Coast – Sunshine Coast

0 - 18 5% 9% 0 - 18 5% 12% 12% 9% 19 - 64 31% 19 - 64 31% 65+ 28% 65+ 49% 28% 49%

40% 63% 40% 63% 64% 64%

Status of public transport users Full-time Status of public transport users Status of public transport users workerFull-time worker Part time / <1% casualPart time worker / Brisbane 42% 9% 26% 13% 7% <1% casual worker Brisbane 42% 9% 26% 13% 7% <1% School child <1% School child

<1% Tertiary student Gold Coast 17% 7% 45% 12% 14% <1% Tertiary student Gold Coast 17% 7% 45% 12% 14% <1% <1% Retiree / pensionerRetiree / Sunshine <1% pensioner Sunshine 13% 9% 59% 3% 13% <1% Coast 13% 9% 59% 3% 13% Unemployed Coast <1% Unemployed <1% Other Other

132 Other Summary | Public transport travel

Total travel Average travel

TotalTotal tripstravel travel (millions) Proportion of all publicAverageAverage Proportion travel of travel all public transport trips transport kilometres Other TotalTotal trips trips (millions) (millions) 8.3 ProportionProportion of all of publicall public Proportion Proportion of all of publicall public modes 3% 3% Train transporttransport trips trips transporttransport kilometres kilometres 8% Public OtherOther 0.7 37% Bus Transport 8.3 8.3 42% TrainTrain modesmodes 3% 3% 3% 3% 56% 8% 8% 60% PublicPublic Ferry 0.7 0.7 37% 37% Bus Bus TransportTransport 42% 42% 56% 56% Proportion of all South-east Queensland travel 60% 60% FerryFerry

ProportionProportion of all of South-east all South-east Queensland Queensland travel travel Average duration and distance per trip Total kilometres (millions)

Average duration Other AverageAverage64 duration24.5 duration and and distance distance64 per per trip trip (minutes) TotalTotal kilometres kilometres (millions) (millions)74.8 modes 13% Kilometres Public 48 Average(millions)Average duration duration OtherOther 10.9 64 6424.5 24.5 64 64 (minutes)(minutes) Transport 74.8 74.8 16.6 modesmodes 13% 13% KilometresKilometres PublicPublic 48 48 11.3 (millions)(millions) 10.9 10.9 TransportTransport 16.6 16.6 Proportion of all South-east Queensland travel 11.3 11.3

ProportionProportion of all of South-east all South-east Queensland Queensland travel travel Train Bus Ferry

TrainTrain BusBus FerryFerry

Mode of travel to stop/station – based on trips Purpose of public transport trips – based on trips

ModeMode of travelof travel to stop/stationto stop/station – based – based on ontrips trips PurposePurpose of publicof public transport transport trips trips – based – based on ontrips trips

30% 47% 51%

30% 30% 4% 47% 47% 68% 51% 51% 10%

87% 4% 4% 4% 68% 68% 5% Work 1% 10% 10% 11% 9% Shopping 87% 87% 4% 4% 5% 5% WorkWork 1% 1% 6% 2% Personal business 11% 11% 9% 9% ShoppingShopping 15% 6% 6% 10% 48% Private vehicle Social/recreation 40% 2% 2% PersonalPersonal business business 3% 15% 15% Accompanying Public transport 10% 10% <1% Social/recreationothersSocial/recreation 48% 48% PrivatePrivate vehicle vehicle 20% 6% 40% 40% 3% 3% 12% Active transport 11% AccompanyingEducationAccompanying PublicPublic transport transport <1%<1% othersothers 20% 20% 6% 6%

Train 12%Bus12% ActiveActive transport transport Brisbane Gold Coast Sunshine11% 11% EducationEducation Coast

TrainTrain BusBus BrisbaneBrisbaneGoldGold Coast CoastSunshineSunshine CoastCoast

Department of Transport and Main Roads, Travel in south-east Queensland - May 2012 133 13 QGOV (13 74 68)