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Surficial Geology of Saline County, Kansas

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Surficial Geology of Saline County, Kansas 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 -97°22'30" R 6 W R 5 W T 12 S -97°52'30" R 5 W R 4 W -97°45' R 4 W R 3 W OTTAWA CO -97°37'30" R 3 W R 2 W -97°30' R 2 W R 1 W T 12 S R 1 W R 1 E Lithology Member Formation ERA / ERA Group MAP M-123 Kd Series Kk 400 T 13 S Kk Epoch/ Kd4 Kk Kd ne Kk Qt T 13 S SYSTEM Kk PERIOD / Kd Kk i 0 Kd k 400 l Map Label Kk ERATHEM Qal a R 0 Kd e 400 Qal S Kk Qal e Kd Pwe r Qal Kk Kd Pwe C Kk Qt Alluvium and ! Kd Qt ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 400 Qt ! ! ! ! ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! Kd ! ! Qal ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! terrace ! ! ! ! ! Wary ! ! ! 6 5 ! ! 5 4 ! 3 2 1 3 2 1 ! ! 6 5 4 ! 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 ! ! ! ! 6 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 ! 6 5 ! ! ! Lake 4 valley fill ! ! ! 400 ! 0 ! Kk Kk ! ! ! ! 4 Kk ! ! ! ! ! Kk 0 0 ! Qal ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! Qal ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 ! Qal ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kk ! ! ! ! Kk ! ! ! ! ! ! 81 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kk ! JI ! Holocene ! ! ! Qds ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Eolian sand dunes ! ! ! ! 400 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! ! Marydel ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! ! Kk ! Qal !H ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! Terraces ! ! ! ! 0 Qpt ! k 0 ! ! ! e 4 0 ! ! ! ! ! e Kd ! ! ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kd 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kd !! ! ! ! ! ! r ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Qal e ! ! ! ! ! Qal ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! y ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! Kk ! ! ! ! ! ! ! C e ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! Kd k ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 !! ! ! ! ! ! Qal ! ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! 0 c ! ! Pwe ! ! Qal ! ! ! ! ! ! ! u ! ! ! K ! ! B ! Kd ! SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF ! Y ! ! ! ! L ! ! CENOZOIC ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8 ! ! ! Kd E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10 11 12 ! ! 12 ! ! Terra Cotta 7 ! ! 11 ! ! 8 10 ! ! 7 8 7 9 ! 9 10 11 ! ! 12 12 ! ! 8 9 10 11 ! QUATERNARY 12 11 ! 9 10 ! ! ! ! 8 ! Dakota Fm ! ! Kd Pleistocene ! ! ! Clay Mbr Kk S Qt ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! l ! ! ! ! ! o ! ! ! S ! ! ! ! ! i ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! l ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 o ! ! ! ! ! ! ! e e !! ! ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! m ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kd o ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n n ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kk ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! SALINE COUNTY, KANSAS ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kk 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kk 4 R ! Kd Qal 0 i 0 v w w e ! ! ! ! ! R ! ! ! ! ! ! i ! ! ! ! ! v ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! e ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! r ! ! ! ! a 143 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CB ! ! ! ! ! r ! ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 Kk ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! S ! ! ! ! ! ! 4 Qal ! ! ! Kd Kk Kiowa Fm 18 17 16 15 14 15 Kd 13 18 17 16 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 13 18 17 16 15 14 3 13 Geology by James R. McCauley 14 13 18 17 14 5 4 16 0 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kk ! ! ! Kd 0 ! ! ! ! ! Kk Kk ! ! ! ! ! MESOZOIC ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lower Cretaceous ! CRETACEOUS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Text and geologic-unit descriptions by Kk ! Kd Qal Kk LINCOLNCO M 4 !H Charity M. Phillips-Lander and Robert S. Sawin 00 Shipton Kk JI40 0 Cross section geology by Robert S. Sawin Qal 0 Pwe 0 0 4 Kk 4 %&'(70 Ninnescah Sh Pn ! 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 24 22 23 24 ! ! ! ! Kd Kk 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 19 20 22 20 21 Kd 21 23 24 19 M Kd ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! Kk Kk Pwe IC Kd Qal CIF ! ! ! A ! ! ! ! ! 2011 JI81 P ! Pwe ! ! ! Kd ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Glendale !! ! ! ! !H Qal Kd Pwe Milan Ls Mbr * Computer compilation and cartography by Qal KANSAS & OKLAHOMA Pwe Kd N 3 M IO Qal 5 John W. Dunham, Christopher R. Bieker, Darren J. Haag, Emily C. Hadley, Kd N 0 Kk Kk U Kk 4 5 C M Richard B. Jarvis, Scott T. Klopfenstein, Peter A. Monshizadeh, and R. Zane Price 0 30 29 28 re 27 400 Kk e 25 29 28 27 26 Kd 25 30 29 28 27 28 25 30 28 27 26 25 k 26 30 4 26 25 27 26 0 30 29 29 0 JI40 Kd Kd Dissolution of gypsum beds in the Wellington Formation Qal %&'(70 GENERAL GEOLOGY Qal kd Kd Sa has created a localized area of subsidence in the Kd !H CB143 line Saline County covers an area of approximately 721 mi2 Trenton Kd Kk 4 2 floodplain near the confluence of the Solomon and 0 y y 0 iver (1,868 km ) (Palmer et al., 1992) of which about 1.67 r Kk R r 3 Smoky Hill rivers (Bauleke et al., 1967). Subsidence at e 5 2 2 b Qal 0 mi (4 km ), or 0.23%, is surface water. The surficial ul Kd Kd M the surface occurs when alluvial materials fill voids 31 34 er Hutchinson sedimentary rocks are Permian (Leonardian) to 32 35 36 31 32 33 34 35 M ! iv 40 36 31 32 35 36 R created by the dissolution of the underlying gypsum 4 %&'(70 JI 33 40 33 31 32 33 34 35 36 Salt Mbr 5 %&'(70 JI 33 34 31 32 35 36 0 34 Cretaceous (Lower Cretaceous) in age and are Qal 450 New beds. The subsidence tends to occur as broader areas Kk Kd dominated by shales, siltstones, and sandstones (Zeller, 38°52'30" 4 Cambria 38°52'30" 0 H rather than localized sink holes (Bauleke et al., 1967). 0 i l l Kk 0 Qal [1968] 2009). The dip of the strata is generally to the Kk 00 0 oky 4 m S u m n e r T 13 S 4 S west. The oldest rocks (Wellington Formation) crop out STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY T 13 S k 0 T 14 S e 0 4 k T 14 S in the eastern portion of the county, generally east of e Qal ee Pwe Wellington Fm Saline County lies within the Salina Basin, a northward- r r Kk Qal C C Interstate 135. The youngest rocks (Dakota Formation) Kd Kk Kk Qal L e o n a r d i a n plunging syncline that encompasses an area of 4 5 Qal Qal are most commonly found capping the hilltops in the 2 2 0 ll River 6 KANSAS & OKLAHOMA i approximately 12,700 mi (32,893 km ; Merriam, 1963). 5 4 3 2 1 1 H 5 6 5 6 5 4 2 1 6 4 3 1 6 4 3 2 1 western part of the county. Sandstones in the Kiowa 4 !H 3 2 3 2 The general strike of the Permian units is north-south, Hedville 5 Formation cap many of the hills bordering the Smoky M with a slight dip to the west. The younger Cretaceous ul 45 Kk be Hill and Saline River valleys. 0 Kd f f r units strike northeast-southwest and dip gently to the r Pn Qal E y oky During the Pleistocene Epoch, erosion and deposition of northwest (Bauleke et al., 1967). Sm Qal C PERMIAN Kk M r y Qal e r sediments were driven by streams fed by glacial ek D UNION MINERAL RESOURCES Qal P Carlton Ls Mbr Kk Kk eek A meltwater. Terraces (unconsolidated silt, sand, and Cr C C 0 IF 0 I gravel) preserved in the uplands in the extreme northeast High-quality clay deposits (mostly kaolinite) have been 4 C 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 Kd Kd 11 12 7 8 9 11 12 7 7 8 9 corner of Saline County represent the level of older reported in the Terra Cotta Clay Member of the Dakota Kd Kd 10 8 9 10 11 12 Pwe Kd IC Pwe Pwe (Pleistocene) fluvial floodplains of the Smoky Hill River Formation in the west-central part of the county CIF Qal 4 PA 5 erry 0 lb M (Latta, 1949). Prior to glaciation in Kansas, the Smoky (Plummer and Romary, 1947; Bauleke et al., 1967). Kd Mu Qal PALEOZOIC Hill River flowed south across western McPherson Hollenberg Ls Mbr Gypsum in the Wellington Formation crops out east of Kk County to the Arkansas River. Glacial isostatic 4 Kd ION 5 UN Kd 0 the Smoky Hill River. An underground mine and mill k adjustments caused the Smoky Hill River to flow e G k e Salina Pwe y e r operated in the late 1890’s southwest of Solomon, and as p e C northward and intersect the Saline River (Frye and XY s 18 17 r 16 Pn 140 u 15 14 16 m early as 1887 gypsum was quarried just east of Salina C 13 18 17 15 14 13 17 CB 16 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 14 13 Leonard, 1952). Holocene sediments (clay, silt, sand, 18 Kk Kd (Kulstad et al., 1956). A mill and mine operated near Kk Kk and gravel) occur as terrace and alluvial valley fill along Kk 4 5 Gypsum (then called Gypsum City) in the 1890’s that 0 0 today’s streams and rivers. Some alluvium was later 0 k processed gypsum earth (gypsite) (Jewett, 1942). Kd 4 ree remobilized, creating the dune deposits that occur south C Qal Kd Gypsite is a granular or earthy material that forms at the 50 Pc 4 4 Kd of Gypsum. 5 0 50 surface where calcium-sulfate-charged ground water 4 Subsurface only Kd 0 C Qal Qal 40 r Kk 0 e y y 5 e In addition to the unconformity between Quaternary accumulates (usually in low, swampy areas) and Kd r C h a s e 4 Kd Pn %&'(135 k Pwe 450 Kk Kk D Pwe deposits and the underlying Cretaceous and Permian 0 evaporates (Kulstad et al., 1956). The Hutchinson Salt 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 0 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 JI81 23 24 19 20 4 21 22 23 24 0 bedrock, a major unconformity separates Permian and Member of the Wellington Formation occurs in the Kd Kd Kd 5 4 Kk Qal Cretaceous rocks.
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