93% Unique

Total 54016 chars, 7862 words, 262 unique sentence(s).

Custom Writing Services - Paper writing service you can trust. Your assignment is our priority! Papers ready in 3 hours! Proficient writing: top academic writers at your service 24/7! Receive a premium level paper!

STORE YOUR DOCUMENTS IN THE CLOUD - 1GB of private storage for free on our new file hosting!

Results Query Domains (original links)

Unique One of the five sessions contained analytical chemistry -

Unique A second session was devoted to the theme of biochemistry -

Unique The third and fourth session were dedicated to physical and material chemistry -

2 results The fifth session was concerned with chemical education researchgate.net publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

2 results These Proceedings present the permanent documentation of what was presented researchgate.net publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

Unique We are also indebted to those who served as chairmen -

researchgate.net data.conferenceworld.in aip.scitation.org data.conferenceworld.in ndt.net 18 results Without their support, the conference could not have been the success that it was iopscience.iop.org rd.springer.com ndt.net conferenceworld.in iopscience.iop.org

Unique Farook Adam, Universiti Sains Malaysia Prof -

Unique Tambunan, BambangTriseno 285 Determination of Glabridin in Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra -

Unique ) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Faridah, Siti Umrah Noor, Rahmawati -

Unique Farid Rahman, Hideki Okamoto 326 Blood Chemistry Data Base of Kedu Chicken -

Unique Roesyadi, Sumarno 341 Chemical Constituent of DCM Extract and Neutral-Acid Fraction of Voacangafoetida (Bl -

Unique ) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn - Unique ) Herbs Extracts in Oxonate-Induced Mice Muhtadi, Andi Suhendi, Nurcahyanti W., EM -

Unique cerevisiae biomass was result by heating of biomass in the medium on 80:C -

Unique cerevisiaebiomass into clay was done by mixing ofratio ofS -

Unique Characterization of functional groups of clay, fractionated clay (FC), -

Unique cerevisiaebiomass (SCB) as well as clay immobilized -

Unique cerevisiae biomass (FC@CSB) were conducted by FTIR spectrophotometer -

Unique 21.648, and 9.897 kJ/mol, recpectively -

Unique Lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co) is a highly toxic heavy metal -

Unique Thus adsorbent should have the properties typical layer according to the type of adsorbate -

Unique One of it is the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Amaria, 2007) -

Unique cerevisiae as biosorbents in metal biosorption, the forms of -

Unique cerevisiae in biosorption research, biosorptive capacity of -

Unique cerevisiae, the selectivity and competitive biosorption by -

Unique cerevisiae were reviewed in detail by Wang and Chen (2009) -

Unique However, microbial biomass has several drawbacks -

Unique To overcome this problem, immobilizing of biomass of -

Unique cerevisiae biomass is a natural inorganic material, such as clay -

Unique Methodology Materials Pure isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Potatoes Dextrose Agar (PDA, -

Unique Merck), hydrochloric acid (HCl 37%, -

Unique Merck), nitric acid (HNO 3 56%, -

Unique Merck), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 , -

Unique Merck), pH indicator paper (Macherey-Nagel), Whatmann filter paper (No -

Unique Merck), aquabidest, and distilled water -

Unique cerevisiae A total of 2 tubes of pure isolates of - Unique Fractionation clay Clay was cleaned and sieved with a 200 mesh sieve -

Unique cerevisiae biomass on Fractionated Clay Immobilization of -

Unique cerevisiae biomass on clay was made by mixing biomass -

Unique Adsorbent then stirred for 24 hours and filtered with Whatmann filter paper -

Unique cerevisiae biomass (SCB) and clay immobilized -

Unique The mixture was then shaken at 175 rpm with a room temperature -

Unique No pH adjustment was made for all batch adsorption experiment -

researchgate.net proteomique.ulaval.ca 5 results Reaction was allowed to proceed for 60 minutes at room temperature freepatentsonline.com freepatentsonline.com

Unique Adsorption Isotherm Equilibrium isotherms were obtained from batch adsorption experiments -

Unique cerevisiae to produce the propagation of pure isolates -

Unique cerevisiae biomass was obtained by heating -

Unique Based on research conducted by Tyagi et -

Unique Immobilization of biomass into clay was made by mixing biomass of -

Unique cerevisiae immobilized on clay -

Unique Figure 1 (A) shows the infrared spectrum of clay -

Unique The presence of siloxane group (Si-O-Si) seen in the peak 1026 cm 1 -

Unique The peak at 694 cm 1 indicated stretching vibration of Si- -

Unique Peak 532 and 470 cm 1 is bending vibration of Si-O- Si -

Unique This result is supported by Yu et -

Unique The infrared spectrum of fractionated clay (FC) was shown at Figure 1 (B) -

Unique Figure 1 (C) shows the infrared spectrum of -

Unique the peak at 2931 cm 1 is C-H symmetric stretching vibration band of CH -

Unique The peak at 1409 cm 1 is stretching vibration band of C-O -

Unique FTIR spectra (A) Clay (labelled as Clay), (B) Fractionated Clay (labelled as FC), (C) - Unique cerevisiae biomass (labelled as SCB), (D) Clay immobilized -

Unique cerevisiae 5:25 (labelled as FC@SCB-1) and (E) Clay immobilized -

Unique cerevisiae 5:50 (labelled as FC@SCB-2), using KBr pellets -

Unique cerevisiae biomass 5:25 (FC@SCB- 1) and clay immobilized -

Unique cerevisiae biomass 5:50 (FC@SCB-2), respectively -

Unique E spectrum shows several wave number shift -

Unique peak at 3425 to 3448 cm 1 is the carboxilic (OH) group -

Unique peak at 2337 to 2291 cm 1 is NH group -

Unique Through these FTIR results we use adsorbent clay immobilized -

Unique cerevisiae biomass 5:50 (FC@SCB-2) instead of clay immobilized -

Unique cerevisiae biomass 5:25 (FC@SCB-1) -

Unique P a g e | 175 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 -

Unique The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm parameters are given in Table -

Unique (A) Adsorption isotherm of Pb 2+ on clay, SCB and FC@SCB -

Unique (B) Adsorption isotherm of Co 2+ on clay, SCB and FC@SCB Table -

Unique (A) Adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) on FC, SCB and FC@SCB -

Unique Bhatnagar, A & Sillanpaa, M., (2009) -

Unique Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 152: 26-38 -

Unique Z.,Chahboub,A.,Haddoum,S.,Sela tnia,A.,&Junter,G -

AnInvestigationofCu(II)AdsorptionbyRaw andAcid-activated Bentonite: A CombinedPotentiometric, Unique - Thermodynamic,XRD,IR,DTAStudy,JournalofHazardou sMaterials,151:682–691

Unique Fahmiati, Mashuni, Alimin, & Amiruddin -

Unique Separation of Heavy Metals Technology by Utilizing Biomass of -

1 results Hardiani H, Kardiansyah T, & Sugesty jurnal.untad.ac.id

Unique Bioremediation Lead (Pb) in Contaminated Soil Waste Paper Sludge Process Industries deinking - Unique Jurnal Selulosa, 1(1), June 2011: 31 – 41 -

Unique K., Karnawati, D., Sarto, Putra, -

Unique K.,Chowdhury,P., Bhattacharya,A -

Unique Novel Biofiltration Methods for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater, -

Heavy Metal Bioremoval by Microorganisms: A Literature Study, (ISTECS)-Chapter Japan, Kagoshima University Unique - 890-0065, Japan

Unique Fundamentals of Soil Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta -

sciencedirect.com researchgate.net rvjstudypdf.files.wordpress.com deepdyve.com 3,990 results Bacterial Biosorbents and Biosorption researchgate.net scirp.org scribd.com scirp.org link.springer.com en.wikipedia.org

Unique BiotechnologyAdvances, 26: 266-291 -

Unique Wang, G,, Liu J., Wang, X., Xie, Z., & Deng -

Unique Adsorption of Uranium(VI) from Aqueous Solution onto Cross-linked Chitosan -

Unique Hazardous Materials, 168: 1053-1058 -

Unique Widaningrum, Miskiyah & Suismono -

Unique Dangers of Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Alternative Prevention Cemarannya -

Unique Bulletin of Agricultural Postharvest Technology Vol -

Unique 3 2007(cited 26 january 2012 11:45WITA) -

(UNNES), Sebelas Maret University (UNS) and Jenderal Soedirman University (UNSOED) Grand Candi Hotel, 1 results publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id Semarang, 12-13

Unique Green Chemistry: Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry Editor: Dwi Hudiyanti, Agustina -

Unique very pleased to introduce The 9th Joint Conference on Chemistry (9th JCC) held by Diponegoro -

four universities in Central Java: Diponegoro University (UNDIP), Semarang State University (UNNES), Sebelas Maret 2 results researchgate.net publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id University

Unique The growing of environmental problems that persist to escalate worldwide has compelled us to -

2 results We had 10 plenary speakers, 10 invited speakers and over 120 suitable papers from researchgate.net publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id ec.europa.eu publications.europa.eu niqs.org.ng ndt.net data.conferenceworld.in 12 results specific theme, to provide each paper with sufficient time for presentation and to accommodate all publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu ndt.net researchgate.net researchgate.net publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

2 results These were well represented in the program of the conference and were clearly topics researchgate.net publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

Unique The programs were chaired in a professional and efficient way by the session chairmen -

Unique All the papers went through a peer-review procedure prior to being accepted for publication -

Unique They indicated the state of advancement at the time of writing of all aspects -

2 results As a final point, it is appropriate that we record our thanks to our researchgate.net publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

Unique We also would like to express our sincere gratitude to all authors for their -

Unique We are thankful to the students of Chemistry Department Faculty of Science and Mathematics -

Unique Chemistry, Board of Reviewers P a g e | v This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro -

Unique Joe da Costa, FIMLab – Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, -

1 results Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

1 results Churchill, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea Dwi publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

Unique -SiO 2 Modified on Acrylic Paint with Self-Cleaning Characteristic Agus Ridwan, Sri Wahyuni 3 Synthesis -

Unique Graha 8 Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Scale Zero-Valent Iron Supported on Mesoporous Silica -

Unique of La 1-y Sr y Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 and La 1-y Ba -

Unique Setyawati, Puspa Julistia Puspita, Aneisti 60 Andisol Soil Utilization of Mount Lawu as Natural Adsorbent -

Sudaryanto, Supriyadi 65 Modifying Surface Charge of Chitosan Membrane by Carboxymethylchitosan Blended with Unique - Poly(vinylalcohol)

Unique Hayashita 72 Effect of N-doped Graphene for Pt/N-doped Graphene Catalyst Rikson Siburian, Minsyahril Bukit -

Unique for the Reaction of Dehydrogenation of Ethane Setiadi 89 Preparation of Zn-Ni/TiO 2 Photocatalyst by -

ix This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Optimization Process of H-Zeolite Unique - Catalyst Preparation with

Unique Satriadi 124 Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Shell by Activating ZnCl -

Unique in Sodium Silicate Decision of Rice Husk Ash Arnelli, Ahmad Suseno, Teguh Imam Prasetyo 146 - 1 results Fuel Cell (DEFC) with Crude Bioethanol Feed Dwi Kemala Putri, Mitra Eviani, Aditya Yudistira, Isdiriayani publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id

Unique on Bio-ethanol Production from Banana Weevil Eni Budiyati and Umar Bandi 161 The Effect of -

Unique Bambang Setiaji, Totok Eka Suharto, Triyono 167 Adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) on Adsorbent -

2015 Electrochemical Characterization of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) with Bioethanol Feed Containing Acetic Unique - Acid

Unique Sumo Friend Tambunan 189 Catalytic Properties of Bimetallic NiNP-M/AlOH (M = Sn, In, Ga, Ag, -

Unique MudiTumale 213 The Effect of Annealing Temperature to The X-Ray Diffraction Patterns of The Thin -

Unique 243 Influence on The Degree of Increase in Natrium Metabisulphite White Bread Flour Heny Kusumayanti, -

Unique Taqiyuddin 248 Selective Adsorption of Phenol and Vanillin Using Eugenol Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer -

Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Test BSLT for Ethanol Extract of Agarwood(Aquilaria microcapa Baill) Ahmad Unique - Musir,

Unique 289 Antidiabetic and Antihypercholesterolemic Activities of Citrus Sinensis Peel in Rats Haryoto, Muhtadi, Tanti -

Formation of 1,5-Bis-(2-Furanyl)-1,4-Pentadien-3-One from Claisen-Schmidt Condensation of Furfural and Acetone Unique - Siti Mariyah Ulfa, Indah NurPramesti,

Unique -The Indonesian Indigenous Poultry Siti Susanti, Rina Muryani, Isroli, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Agus Sucipto 330 -

Indriyani Nur 339 Hydrothermal Methods for Hydrolysis Cellulose to Glucose and/or Oligosaccharide: A Comparative Unique - Study

Unique Handayani, Sidiq Nugraha, Tegar Parnandi Galih Rosdian 351 Quality Standardization and Determination of in Vitro -

Unique H1N1 Arli Aditya Parikesit, Harry Noviardi, Djati Kerami, Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan 382 Identification and -

Kurniawati, Muhamad Natsir, Rahmi Febrialis, Prima Endang Susilowati 391 Characterization of Immobilized Lipase Unique - from Fractionation

Unique 402 Alkaline protease activity of Black Aspergilli isolated from soil of West Sukolilo Madura Isworo -

Sutrisna 413 Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Complex of Thermophilic Compost for Agriculture Biomass Conversion Nies Unique - Suci

Production and Characterization of Biosurfactant from Halophilic Bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain BK˗AB12 Unique - Rukman Hertadi, Desyka

Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Unique - Chemistry

Unique of Pb(II) and Co(II) on Adsorbent Clay Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass Fahmiati a , Mashuni - Unique Syahdam Hamidi a , Nasra a Abstract Adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) on adsorbent -

Unique The aim of this research were to determine the effects of contact time and -

Unique Fractionated clay was synthesized by reaction of clay with KMNO 4 , H -

Unique Adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) into FC, SCB and FC@CSBwere conducted by kinetics and -

Unique The capacity and energy of adsorption were determined by using freundlich and langmuir adsorption -

Unique The FTIR spectrum shows that the functional groups on of FC@CSB were Si-OH, Si-O-Si, -

Unique The adsorption capacity of Pb(II)into FC, SCB and FC@CSBwere 6.696, 1.912 and 7.352 mg/g, -

Unique Adsorption capacity of Co(II) onto FC, SCB and FC@CSBwere 6.972, 2.58, and 8.028 mg/g, -

Unique a Department of Chemistry Halu Oleo University, Kampus Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, -

Unique followed by the increase in the amount of waste, in the form of solid waste, -

Unique The main issues arising from the development of the industry today is the problem -

Unique The presence of heavy metal pollutants in water bodies have a negative impact on -

Unique of life, because it is the presence of heavy metals in the water would poison -

Unique Heavy metals are elements having atomic weights between 63.5 and 200.6, with specific gravity -

Unique Heavy metals are not biodegradable and due to their high solubility in the aquatic -

Unique inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of hemoglobin (Hb) (Hardiani et al, -

Unique circulatory system and then spread to various other tissues such as kidney, liver, brain, nerves -

Unique Lead poisoning in adults is characterized by symptoms 3 P namely pallor, pain, and -

Unique According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, limit cobalt metal content -

Unique Prayitno (2008) recommends at least two actions that must be adhered to tackle water -

Unique bodies to reduce levels of pollutants so that the water is fit for use for -

Unique from wastewater when compared to other processes such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis -

Unique 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry 172|P a g e Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical -

This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 techniques can be used to reduce Unique - excessive Unique low cost and does not give side effects such as toxic gases (Fahmiati et al, -

Unique Adsorption is a process of concentration of adsorbate molecules or ions on the surface -

Unique Microbes have long been known can absorb heavy metals from their external environment efficiently -

Unique Bacteria, yeast, algae and fungi have now been successfully used as a biosorbent for -

Unique wall material that is rich with amino acid residues that can bind heavy metal ions -

Unique Current research has revealed that inactive/dead microbial biomass can passively bind metal ions via -

combination of ion exchange, complexation, coordination, adsorption, electrostatic interaction, chelation and Unique - microprecipitation (Vijayaraghavan and Yun,

Unique Microbial biosorbents are basically small particles, with low density, poor mechanical strength and little -

The most important problem include solid–liquid separation problems, possible biomass swelling, inability to Unique - regenerate/reuse

Unique cerevisiae on a solid support can be done, making it the adsorbent with particle -

Unique One of the interesting material that is either used as a solid support for -

Unique Southeast Sulawesi is rich in clay minerals by the number of deposit about 884 -

Unique of silanol (Si-OH), a siloxane (Si-O-Si), aluminol (Al-OH) and iron oxide that can adsorb harmful -

Unique have a large size so it is more efficiently used as adsorbent of heavy metal -

Unique , lead nitrate (Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 95%, -

Unique cerevisiae diluted rejuvenation with 2 mL aquabidest and pipetted into a starter medium and -

Unique cerevisiae cells that had been grown on medium 20 mL starter incorporated into the -

Unique cerevisiae that are still in the medium was heated in the water bath at -

Unique Furthermore, 200 grams of clay mixed with 0.5M KMnO 4 and stirred for -

Unique The results was filtered and washed repeatedly until the water reaches a pH neutral -

Unique Clay was then washed with 6M of H 2 SO 4 for 4 hours -

Unique a pH neutral then heated in an oven for 12 hours at a temperature 80 -

Unique °C then washed repeatedly until the water reaches a pH neutral then heated in an - Unique cerevisiae and clay using the ratio of 25: 5 and 50: 5 (mL biomass: -

Unique Furthermore, the adsorbent Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 -

Unique P a g e | 173 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 was -

Unique recorded as KBR pellet on a Perkin Elmer 1725X FTIR Spectrometer in the spectral range -

Unique Adsorption Experiment Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies of Pb(II) and Co(II) metal ions on -

Unique cerevisiae biomass (Clay-SCB) were perform in plastic tube containing 0.1 gram of adsorbent and -

Unique Adsorption isotherm studies were conducted by varying initial Pb(II) and Co(II) concentration from -

Unique from 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes using initial Pb(II) and Co(II) metal ions -

Unique All batch samples for adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiment were collected by centrifugation and -

Unique The remaining Pb(II) and Co(II) metal ions was then analysed by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer -

Unique equilibrium (mg/L), m is the amount of adsorbent added (g), and V is the volume -

Unique To investigate the adsorption isotherms, the equilibrium data obtained in the different adsorbent- solute -

Unique The linear isotherm was calculated as follows: (2) where, K d is the distribution -

2 results related to adsorption energy expressing how strong the adsorbate is attached onto surfaces, q sciencedirect.com researchgate.net

Unique The Langmuir model assumes monolayer adsorption onto a surface with a finite number of -

2 results that describes the relationship between the adsorbed amount (mg/g) and these remaining in solution (mg/L) researchgate.net

Unique (5) K F and n are Freundlich constants that are related to the adsorption -

Unique According to the Freundlich equation, the isotherm does not reach a plateau as -

Unique Preparation of Adsorbents A substrate called media is needed to cultivate and breed microbes -

Unique that the microbes can grow optimally because many compounds can be toxic to the inhibitor -

Unique Growth medium such as slant agar medium is used for rejuvenation of pure isolates -

Unique After incubated in growth medium for 5 days, the presence of turbidity indicates growth -

Unique growth, has no effect on the limited nature of the toxicity of metal ions, and -

Unique of clay was made to increase the adsorption capacity of clay by washing the impurities - Unique KMnO 4 used as a strong oxidizing agent to oxidize organic compounds in high -

Unique H 2 SO 4 was Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference -

Unique This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 used as an acid medium in the -

Unique HCl is used as a strong acid that can bind with the remaining number -

Unique al., (2005), the concentration of 6M H 2 SO 4 and 0.5M KMnO -

Unique Meanwhile, if the concentration is increased, it can lead to a decrease in adsorption -

Unique the weight lost clay, which amounted to 5.22%, because of the loss of a number -

Unique impurities, also led to the loss of a number of water molecules as H -

Unique cerevisiae on clay with variation ratio 25: 5 and 50: 5 (mL biomass: -

Unique in this study the mechanisms involved in the immobilization process, both the carrier binding, -

Unique Therefore, FTIR characterization is necessary to determine the functional groups contained in the clay, -

Unique FTIR Characterization of Adsorbents The main functional groups in several adsorbents were analysed by -

Unique Si-OH (silanol), the peak at3425 cm 1 is stretching vibration of H-O-H that indicate the -

Unique The peak at 2931 cm 1 is symmetric stretching vibration band of C-H, the -

Unique The presence of Al-O-Al groups on clay before activation is indicated by the bending -

Unique 472 and 539 cm 1 and the vibration range of Si-O-Si range at peak 1024 -

Unique to 3448 cm 1 which indicates a decrease in the intensity because the release of -

Unique Moreover, the peak at 1080 and 1033 cm 1 indicated shift peak at 1026 -

Unique KMnO 4 under acidic conditions can increase the amount of silanol and siloxane were originally -

Unique The peak at 3425 cm 1 is the interaction of the associated stretching vibration -

Unique stretching vibration band of C-N of amide band, which are the two characteristic absorption peaks -

Unique The range from 4000 to 400 cm 1 Figure 1 (D) and (E) shows -

Unique and bending vibration of NH peak at 2337 and 1527 cm 1 , indicates that -

Unique while peak at 2931 cm 1 (CH group) and peak at 1080 and 1033 cm - Unique This is indicate the occurrence of hydrogen bonding between the H atom in NH, -

Unique Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry Section -

Unique Adsorption Isotherm Adsorption isotherms of these three adsorbents were carried out by varying initial -

Unique The results were shown in Figure 2 A and B for lead and cobalt, -

Unique It could be observed in Figure 2 A and B that adsorption capacity of -

Unique The greater the initial concentration of Pb(II) and Co(II), the more metal ions are -

Unique This is occurs because more of metal ions particles that can bind to the -

Unique in borderline group that will interact strongly with the active sites of hard and soft -

Unique The number of Si-OH groups and NH contained on the adsorbent, causing adsorption capacity -

Unique as a weak base, so that both groups are able to exchange or form strong -

Unique the Langmuir type, which indicates that adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II)cannot be expressed by Langmuir -

Unique 1.912, and 7.352 mg/g onto FC, SCB, and FC@SCB, respectively, whereas of Co(II) were found -

Unique This means that the best adsorbent for Pb(II) and Co(II) in this study is -

Unique 0.987 0.008 0.002 0.027 0.019 0.011 R 2 0.913 0.916 0.869 0.902 0.880 0.944 -

Unique Pb(II) and Co(II) onto FC, SCB, and FC@SCB were performed by contacting with 10 mg/L -

Unique Figure 3 A and B showed adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) and Co(II) on clay, -

Unique Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry 176|P a -

This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 The adsorption was fast in the Unique - beginning,

Unique We also could observe that the adsorption capacity increased very slowly after 30 minutes -

Unique as Both k and h can be determined experimentally from the slope and intercept of -

Unique well with R 2 ranged of 0.367 to 0.742 for Pb(II) and 0.460 to 0.989 -

Unique through sharing or exchange of electrons between hydroxyl (-OH) group from silanol and –H from -

Unique cerevisiae biomass were immobilized on fractionated clay and resulted adsorbent was applied for Pb(II) -

Unique The FTIR spectrum shows that the functional groups on of FC@SCB were Si-OH, Si-O-Si, - Unique The best adsorbent for Pb(II) and Co(II) in this study is FC@SCB and the -

Unique (-OH) group from silanol and –H from NH 2 of adsorbent surface and Pb(II) and -

Unique Acknowledgments The author wish to acknowledge to Directorate general of higher education (DIKTI) and -

(2007) Adsorpsi Seng (II) Menggunakan Biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang Diimobilisasi pada Silika Secara Unique - Sol

sciencedirect.com tidalvisionusa.com diva- portal.org pubs.acs.org mjcce.org.mk 2,160 results Applications of Chitin- and Chitosan-Derivatives for the Detoxification of Water and Wastewater - scholar.google.com tandfonline.com tandfonline.com sciencedirect.com scholar.google.com

Unique Simultaneous Biosorption of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cr 6+ from Aqueous Solution -

cerevisiae Yeast Immobilized on Clays as Adsorbent, Competitive Grant Research Report, FMIPA, Haluoleo Unique - University,

(2007) Sorption Isotherm: A review on Physical Bases, Modelling and Measurement, Applied Geochemistry, 22: Unique - 249-275

sciencedirect.com koreascience.or.kr 123doc.org 6 results Comparison of arsenic adsorption on lignite, bentonite, shale, and iron sand from Indonesia, Procedia 123doc.org mp-er.eng.hokudai.ac.jp

Sawdust andNeemBarkasLow-Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Unique - Green Chemistry Section

P a g e | 177 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Unique - costNaturalBiosorbentforAdsorptiveRemoval

Unique Impact of Polluted Water Use for Agricultural Irrigation and Handling Recommendations, in the website Srivastava, -

Unique & Li, J., (2013) Preparation of Thiol-modified Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 Nanoparticle and -

Top plagiarizing domains: researchgate.net (14 matches); publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id (11 matches); sciencedirect.com (5 matches); ndt.net (4 matches); data.conferenceworld.in (3 matches); scholar.google.com (2 matches); scirp.org (2 matches); tandfonline.com (2 matches); freepatentsonline.com (2 matches); iopscience.iop.org (2 matches); 123doc.org (2 matches); publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu (1 matches); diva-portal.org (1 matches); tidalvisionusa.com (1 matches); mp-er.eng.hokudai.ac.jp (1 matches); pubs.acs.org (1 matches); koreascience.or.kr (1 matches); mjcce.org.mk (1 matches); niqs.org.ng (1 matches); scribd.com (1 matches); proteomique.ulaval.ca (1 matches); conferenceworld.in (1 matches); rd.springer.com (1 matches); aip.scitation.org (1 matches); jurnal.untad.ac.id (1 matches); rvjstudypdf.files.wordpress.com (1 matches); ec.europa.eu (1 matches); en.wikipedia.org (1 matches); link.springer.com (1 matches); deepdyve.com (1 matches); publications.europa.eu (1 matches); Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry Diponegoro University (UNDIP), Semarang State University (UNNES), Sebelas Maret University (UNS) and Jenderal Soedirman University (UNSOED) Grand Candi Hotel, Semarang, 12-13 November, 2014 Green Chemistry Editors Dwi Hudiyanti Agustina L.N. Aminin Adi Darmawan Yayuk Astuti UNNES Press 2015 Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ii|P a g e Green Chemistry, Copyright This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Cetakan ke 1 ©2015 Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University Judul Buku: Green Chemistry: Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry Editor: Dwi Hudiyanti, Agustina L.N. Aminin, Adi Darmawan, Yayuk Astuti Penerbit: UNNES Press ISBN: 978-602-285-049-6 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry, Preface P a g e | iii This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Preface to The Conference Proceedings We are very pleased to introduce The 9th Joint Conference on Chemistry (9th JCC) held by Diponegoro University (UNDIP) On behalf of the Chemistry Consortium in Central Java, Indonesia. The JCC is an annual conference organized by the consortium of Chemistry Department of four universities in Central Java: Diponegoro University (UNDIP), Semarang State University (UNNES), Sebelas Maret University (UNS) and Jenderal Soedirman University (UNSOED); since 2006. The growing of environmental problems that persist to escalate worldwide has compelled us to select “Green Chemistry” as the leading theme of the 9th JCC. We had 10 plenary speakers, 10 invited speakers and over 120 suitable papers from 11 countries were submitted for presentation at the conference. This required the program to be organized in five parallel sessions, each on a specific theme, to provide each paper with sufficient time for presentation and to accommodate all of them within the overall time allocated. One of the five sessions contained analytical chemistry. A second session was devoted to the theme of biochemistry. The third and fourth session were dedicated to physical and material chemistry. The fifth session was concerned with chemical education. These were well represented in the program of the conference and were clearly topics which continue to stimulate a global interest. The programs were chaired in a professional and efficient way by the session chairmen who were selected for their international standing in the subject. All the papers went through a peer-review procedure prior to being accepted for publication in this book. These Proceedings present the permanent documentation of what was presented. They indicated the state of advancement at the time of writing of all aspects of this theme and will be very useful to all people in the field. As a final point, it is appropriate that we record our thanks to our fellow members of the steering committee, organizing committee, and scientific committee. We are also indebted to those who served as chairmen. Without their support, the conference could not have been the success that it was. We also would like to express our sincere gratitude to all authors for their valuable contributions. We are thankful to the students of Chemistry Department Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University especially to Maya and Fuad for their support during preparation of the manuscript. Dwi Hudiyanti Agustina L.N. Aminin Adi Darmawan Yayuk Astuti Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry iv|P a g e Green Chemistry, Board of Reviewers This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry, Board of Reviewers P a g e | v This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Board of Reviewers Prof. Joe da Costa, FIMLab – Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia Prof. Farook Adam, Universiti Sains Malaysia Prof. Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia David G. Churchill, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea Dwi Hudiyanti, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Agustina L.N.Aminin, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Adi Darmawan, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Yayuk Astuti, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Khairul Anam, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Parsaoran Siahaan, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Bambang Cahyono, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Meiny Suzery, Chemistry Department, Diponegoro University Eddy Heraldy, Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University Fitria Rahmawati, Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University Maulidan Firdaus, Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University Sayekti Wahyuningsih, Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University Sudarmin, Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma, Chemistry Department, Semarang State University Uyi Sulaeman, Chemistry Department, Jenderal Soedirman University Dadan Hermawan, Chemistry Department, Jenderal Soedirman University Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry vi|P a g e Green Chemistry, Table of Contents This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry, Table of Contents P a g e | vii This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Table of Contents Title Page i Copyright page ii Preface iii Board of Reviewers Table of Contents v vii Section 1: Material Chemistry 1 TiO 2 -SiO 2 Modified on Acrylic Paint with Self-Cleaning Characteristic Agus Ridwan, Sri Wahyuni 3 Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Based Superabsorbent Polymer Composites Ahmad Zainal Abidin, N. M. T. P. Sastra, G. Susanto, H.P.R. Graha 8 Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Scale Zero-Valent Iron Supported on Mesoporous Silica Atyaf Khalid Hammed, Nugroho Dewayanto, D. Dongyun, Mohd Ridzuan Nordin 13 Synthesis of 2, 7-Disulfonatonaphthalene-5-Hydroxy-4-Amino-N-Propyl Silica Hybrid by Sol-Gel and Grafting Processes Choiril Azmiyawati, Nuryono, Narsito 21 Modification of Ni/Zn-HZSM-5 Double Promoted Catalyst for Biofuel Production from Cerbera Manghas Oil Danawati Hari Prajitno, Agus Budianto, Muhammad Iqbal, Achmad Roesyadi, Victor Purnomo 25 Influences of Ammonia for Synthesis of 8-hydroxiquinoline Copper(II) Suhartana, Laelatri Agustina, Sriatun 29 Influence of Variation Temperature on Phase Composition of Ca-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Eddy Heraldy, Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas, Fendry Bangkit Sanjaya, Desi Suci Handayani, Yuniawan Hidayat 34 Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan – Rice Husk Ash Silica Composite as Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Eva Mardiningsih, Ella Kusumastuti 38 Synthesis and Characterization of the Zn(II) Complex with Dimethyl Hydroxyl Pyridine- 2,6-Dicarboxylate Fahimah Martak 44 Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry viii|P a g e Green Chemistry, Table of Contents This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Synthesis and Characterization of La 1-y Sr y Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 and La 1-y Ba y Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 (0.0≤y≤0.4) Dense Membranes Hamzah Fansuri, N. Widiastuti, A. Aliyatulmuna, W. P. Utomo, D. Prasetyoko, B. Prijamboedi 50 Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of CuO/ZnO on Phenol Oxidation Nuni Widiarti, Sri Wahyuni, S Barokah 56 Characterization of Enzyme Electrode from Nanochitosan Immobilized Glucose Oxidase on Carbon Paste Modified with Nanofiber Polyaniline for Biosensor Application Popi Asri Kurniatin, Laksmi Ambarsari, Inda Setyawati, Puspa Julistia Puspita, Aneisti 60 Andisol Soil Utilization of Mount Lawu as Natural Adsorbent Multi Soil Layering Materials for Domestic Waste Pranoto, R. Sudaryanto, Supriyadi 65 Modifying Surface Charge of Chitosan Membrane by Carboxymethylchitosan Blended with Poly(vinylalcohol) Retno Ariadi Lusiana, Dwi Siswanta, Mudasir, T. Hayashita 72 Effect of N-doped Graphene for Pt/N-doped Graphene Catalyst Rikson Siburian, Minsyahril Bukit 76 The utility of Aqueous Extract of Air-dried Callophyllum inophyllum L. Leaf as Medium/Reduction System for Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Salprima Yudha S., Zulfikri Achid Mardlia, Eka Angasa, Totok Eka Suharto, Yuta Nishina 85 The Impregnated Boron Oxide Catalysts for the Reaction of Dehydrogenation of Ethane Setiadi 89 Preparation of Zn-Ni/TiO 2 Photocatalyst by Sol-gel Method and Its Activity in Water Decomposition Sigit Priatmoko, E. Cahyono, S. Wahyuni, Ella Kusumastuti, Satrio Bekti Uji Prambasto 95 Synthesis of Humic Acid Coated Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticle and Its Application to Adsorp Cu(II) Soerja Koesnarpadi, Daniel 101 Modification of Synthetic Zeolite from Bagasse Ash and Their Characterization Sriatun, Taslimah, Linda Suyati 105 Synthesis and Surface Modification of TiO 2 /Carbon Photocatalyst Produced by Arc Discharge in Ethanol Medium Teguh Endah Saraswati, Isya Fitri Andhika, Astrid Olivia Nandika, Sayekti Wahyuningsih, Candra Purnawana 110 The Effect of Vulcanization Time on Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Liquid Rubber Compound Teja Dwi Sutanto, Bambang Setiaji, Karna Wijaya, Totok Eka Suharto 114 Calcium Phosphate-Chitosan Composite as a Bone Cement Candidate Tri Windarti and Benjamin Horrocks 119 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry, Table of Contents P a g e | ix This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Optimization Process of H-Zeolite Catalyst Preparation with Surface Response Methods Widayat, H. Susanto, H. Satriadi 124 Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Shell by Activating ZnCl 2 as Carbon Monoxide Adsorbent Yuliusman, Widodo W. Purwanto, Yulianto S. Nugroho, Randy Anggriany 130 Section 2: Physical Chemistry 135 Effects of Voltage and Number of Cell on Desalination of Brackish Water using Electrodialysis Method Alfan Purnomo, Zakiatul Mirfada, Arseto Yekti Bagastyo 137 Mesostructured Titanosilicates Catalyst for Synthesis of Vitamin K3 Alfa AkustiaWidati, Hamami, Handoko Darmokoesomo, Nada Adhisty Stevany 142 XRD of Synthetic Zeolite for Surfactant Builder: NaOH Concentration Variation in Sodium Silicate Decision of Rice Husk Ash Arnelli, Ahmad Suseno, Teguh Imam Prasetyo 146 Catalytic Conversion of 1-Octadecene to Shorten Chains Alkane (C 6 – C 12 ) D. Setyawan Purwo H, Triyono, Narsito, Tutik Dwi Wahyuni 149 Electrochemical Characterization of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) with Crude Bioethanol Feed Dwi Kemala Putri, Mitra Eviani, Aditya Yudistira, Isdiriayani M. Nurdin, Hary Devianto, Ardiyan Harimawan 153 Conversion of Glycerol into Polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB) usingEscherichia coli Endah Fitriani Rahayu, Wega Trisunaryanti, Karna Wijaya 156 The Effects of Hydrolysis Temperature and Catalyst Concentration on Bio-ethanol Production from Banana Weevil Eni Budiyati and Umar Bandi 161 The Effect of Coconut Oil Concentration on Physical and Chemical Properties of Cosmetic Emulsions Eni Widiyati, AH. Bambang Setiaji, Totok Eka Suharto, Triyono 167 Adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) on Adsorbent Clay Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass Fahmiati, Mashuni, L.D. Syahdam Hamidi, Nasra 171 Utilization of Cassava Peel as Electric Energy Source through Microbial Fuel Cell Linda Suyati, Didik Setiyo Widodo, Abdul Haris, Wuryanti, Rahmad Nuryanto 178 Effect of Activated Bagasse Charcoal Size as Biomaterial Pretreatment on Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Characteristics Lizda Johar Mawarani, Tatik Farihah 181 Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry x|P a g e Green Chemistry, Table of Contents This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Electrochemical Characterization of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) with Bioethanol Feed Containing Acetic Acid as Impurity Mitra Eviani, Isdiriayani M. Nurdin, Hary Devianto 185 The in Silico Molecular Interaction of Organoboron Compounds as Curative Measure toward Cervical Cancer Ridla Bakri, Arli Aditya Parikesit, Cipta Priyo Satrianto, Djati Kerami, Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan 189 Catalytic Properties of Bimetallic NiNP-M/AlOH (M = Sn, In, Ga, Ag, Nb, and Zr) on Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural Rodiansono, M. D. Astuti, A. Ghofur, Shogo Shimazu 193 Adsorption Study of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole at Copper Surface as Corrosion Inhibitor in HCl Taumy Alif Firman, Yoki Yulizar 199 Emulsification Ability of Surfactant-Like Peptides Predicted by Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations Tegar Nurwahyu Wijaya, Rukman Hertadi 202 Biofuel from Light Tar Resulted from Coconut Shell Pyrolysis by Distillation Process Uswatun Hasanah, Bambang Setiaji, Triyono, Chairil Anwar 205 Adsorption of Cyanide Ion from Aqueous Solutions by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass Venty Suryanti, Fitria Rahmawati, Yudha Anggara Haeqal 209 Biosorption of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ by Nannochloropsis salina in a Three-Metal System Yusafir Hala, Emma Suryati, Paulina Taba, Nesty MudiTumale 213 The Effect of Annealing Temperature to The X-Ray Diffraction Patterns of The Thin Film of Cardanol Compound from Alor Regency NTT Province Zakarias Seba Ngara, I Gusti M. Budiana, Aliwarsito 217 Section 3: Analytical Chemistry 221 Effect of pH on Cu-S TiO 2 Photocatalytic Performance toward Phenol Photodegradation and Cr(VI) Photoreduction by Visible Light Irradiation Abdul Haris, Didik Setiyo Widodo, Rahmad Nuryanto 223 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Lithium Polymer Batteries during Charge/Discharge Cycle Achmad Rochliadi, Multazam, I Made Arcana, Bunbun Bundjali 226 Influence of C/N Ratio in Activated Sludge to Remove Cr(VI) Arseto Yekti Bagastyo, Natalia Diani Triana 230 Method Development and Validation for Lead (Pb) Analysis in Natural Honey from East Kalimantan Bohari Yusuf, Finqo Aprianto 238 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry, Table of Contents P a g e | xi This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Electroremediation of Polluted Water: Electrodecolorization of Batik Wastewater Didik Setiyo Widodo, Abdul Haris, Gunawan 243 Influence on The Degree of Increase in Natrium Metabisulphite White Bread Flour Heny Kusumayanti, Laila Faizah, R.TD. Wisnu Broto, Hanifah, M. Taqiyuddin 248 Selective Adsorption of Phenol and Vanillin Using Eugenol Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer M. Cholid Djunaidi, Dwi Siswanta, Jumina 251 The Influence of Ascorbic Acid, Creatinine and Urea on the Analysis of Uric Acid in the Blood Serum by Stripping Voltammetry using Graphite Electrode Miratul Khasanah, Handoko Darmokusumo, Ganden Supriyanto, Ahmad Zaky Pulungan, Putut Satrio Dahono 258 Optimization and Validation of HPLC for Analysis of Rhodamine B in Sponge Cake Novi Yantih, Zuhelmi Aziz, Aditya Dicky Prasetya 263 Analysis of 8 Human Pharmaceuticals in Water Samples Using Solid Phase Extraction Followed by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma, Ibrahim Al Tarawneh, Robert Kreuzig 267 Analysis of Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in Salted Fish with Hollow Fibre-Liquid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector(HF-LPME-GC-FID) Method Usreg Sri Handajani, Ganden Supriyanto, Yanuardi Raharjo, Gunawan Dwi Saputra 273 Application of Cone Shaped Membrane-Liquid Phase Microextraction for Analysis Nitrosodipropylamine in Salted Fish Yanuardi Raharjo, Usreg Sri Handajani, Eko Aryo Wijaksono 278 Section 4: Organic Chemistry 283 Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Test BSLT for Ethanol Extract of Agarwood(Aquilaria microcapa Baill) Ahmad Musir, Risma M. Tambunan, BambangTriseno 285 Determination of Glabridin in Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Faridah, Siti Umrah Noor, Rahmawati T. 289 Antidiabetic and Antihypercholesterolemic Activities of Citrus Sinensis Peel in Rats Haryoto, Muhtadi, Tanti Azizah, Andi Suhendi 294 Acute Toxicity for Combination Extract of Terminalia muelleri Benth. and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Khairul Anam, Dewi Kusrini, Ratna Megawati Widharna 298 The Effect of Oil Types on The Characteristics of Solid Soap Mardiyah Kurniasih, Purwati, Anung Riapanitra, Zusfahair, Tri Wahyuni 303 Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry xii|P a g e Green Chemistry, Table of Contents This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Antibacterial Activities Some Compounds Clove Leaf Oil Derivatives Ngadiwiyana, Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono, Enny Fachriyah, Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya 308 The Effect of the Addition of Glycerol and Chitosan in the Biodegradable Plastics Production from “Porang” Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri Blueme) Niniek Fajar Puspita, Saidah Altway, Lizda Johar Mawarani, Dwi Ayu, Dessy Rosita 312 Standardization and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory of Extract from Anredera Cordifolia Leaves Ratna Djamil, Wiwi Winarti, Syamsudin, Merrysca Rasna 317 Determination of Total Flavonoid Content and Standardization Orthosiphon aristatus Leaves Extracts Sarah Zaidan, Ratna Djamil 322 Effect of Reaction Time toward Formation of 1,5-Bis-(2-Furanyl)-1,4-Pentadien-3-One from Claisen-Schmidt Condensation of Furfural and Acetone Siti Mariyah Ulfa, Indah NurPramesti, M. Farid Rahman, Hideki Okamoto 326 Blood Chemistry Data Base of Kedu Chicken;-The Indonesian Indigenous Poultry Siti Susanti, Rina Muryani, Isroli, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Agus Sucipto 330 The Potency of Liquorice Extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as Skin Whitening Siti Umrah Noor, Faridah, Astri Windi 334 Triterpenoids from Tembelekan(Lantana camara) Leaf Extract and Its Activity as an Antibacterial (Escherichia coli) Sitti Hadijah Sabarwati, Oce Astuti, Indriyani Nur 339 Hydrothermal Methods for Hydrolysis Cellulose to Glucose and/or Oligosaccharide: A Comparative Study with and without Ultrasound Pretreatment Sumari, A. Roesyadi, Sumarno 341 Chemical Constituent of DCM Extract and Neutral-Acid Fraction of Voacangafoetida (Bl.) Rolfe Leaves from Three Locations of Lombok Island on The Basis of GC-MS Analysis Surya Hadi, Lely Kurniawati, Baiq Mariana, Handa Muliasari, Sri Rahayu 345 Preparation and Characterization of Inclusion Complex of Xanthone with Sulfonatocalix[4]arene Triana Kusumaningsih, Maulidan Firdaus, Muhammad Widyo Wartono, Desi Suci Handayani, Sidiq Nugraha, Tegar Parnandi Galih Rosdian 351 Quality Standardization and Determination of in Vitro Antihiperglicemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Pacar Kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) Wiwi Winarti, Syamsudin, Ratna Djamil, Aloysius Sebastian 355 Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae) Plant Yenny Febriani Yun, Lilis Siti Aisyah, Tri Reksa Saputra, Arif Rahman Hakim, Tati Herlina, Euis Julaeha, Achmad Zainuddin, Unang Supratman 359 Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Properties of Stevia Beverage Yohanes Martono, Hartati Soetjipto 363 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry, Table of Contents P a g e | xiii This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Characteristic of 70% Ethanol Extract from Cyclea barbata Miers leaves and Antioxidant Activity using DPPH Method Yunahara Farida, Erlindha Gangga, Kartiningsih, Elisa, Teguh 369 Section 5: Biochemistry 375 Isolation and Partial Purification of New Protease form Thermophilic Bacteria Pseudomonas otitidis WN 1 obtained from Indonesian Hot Spring Amin Fatoni, Zusfahair 377 The Complexity of Molecular Interactions and Bindings between Cyclic Peptide and Inhibit Polymerase A and B1 (PAC-PB1N) H1N1 Arli Aditya Parikesit, Harry Noviardi, Djati Kerami, Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan 382 Identification and Characterisation of Bioactive Peptides of Fermented Goat Milk Chanif Mahdi, H. Untari, M. Padaga 386 Comparative of Biomass for Pretreatment with Biological Process for Efficient Hydrolysis Desy Kurniawati, Muhamad Natsir, Rahmi Febrialis, Prima Endang Susilowati 391 Characterization of Immobilized Lipase from Fractionation Result of Azospirillum Sp. Prd1 using Chitosan Dian Riana Ningsih, Zusfahair, Santi Nur Handayani, Puji Lestari 397 Hydrolysis Enzyme Production α-Amylase and β-Glucosidase from Aspergillus niger with Solid State Fermentation Method on Rice Husk, Bagasse and Corn Cob Substrate Heri Hermansyah, Rizky Ramadhani, Adinda Putri Wisman, Rita Arbianti 402 Alkaline protease activity of Black Aspergilli isolated from soil of West Sukolilo Madura Isworo Rukmi, Wuryanti, Arina Tri Lunggani 408 Anti Hyperuricemia Activity of Salam (Syzigium Polyanthum Walp.) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) Herbs Extracts in Oxonate-Induced Mice Muhtadi, Andi Suhendi, Nurcahyanti W., EM. Sutrisna 413 Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Complex of Thermophilic Compost for Agriculture Biomass Conversion Nies Suci Mulyani, Octafsari K. Saputri, Agustina L.N. Aminin 420 Biogas from the Solid Waste of Dairy Cattle as Renewable Alternative Energy at Mowila and Konda, Konawe Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara Prima Endang Susilowati, Ahmad Zaeni, Darwis 424 Production and Characterization of Biosurfactant from Halophilic Bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain BK˗AB12 Rukman Hertadi, Desyka Sari Sihaloho, Deana Wahyunigrum 428 The Ability of Bacterial Isolates of Actinobacillus sp. in Degrading Pollutants p-Cresols and Sunset Yellow Subandi, Muntholib, Eli Hendrik Sanjaya, Prita Olivia Putri 434 Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry xiv|P a g e Green Chemistry, Table of Contents This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Section 6: Chemical Education 439 The Model Development of Chemical Practical Work Approach and Performance Assessment to Increase the Performance of the Laboratory Practitioners Endang Susilaningsih, Murbangun Nuswowati 441 Measure Student Teachers’ Ability to Implement Authentic Assessment Harjito, Sri Nurhayati 448 Chemical-Science Education Integrated with Religion Kasmadi Imam Supardi 454 Giving Task Designing and Presenting Environmental Problem Solving through Environmental Chemistry Course to Increase Character Values and Knowledge of the Students Murbangun Nuswowati 461 The Application of Discovery Learning with Scientific Approach to Improve the Students’ Science Process Skill Naila Ayadiya, Woro Sumarni 466 Science, Environment, Technology and Society (SETS) Oriented Mini-Chem Book Nor Harisah, WoroSumarni 470 Inquiry Learning in Laboratory by HPLC Reversed-Phase Method Development in Taking the Conditions of Heavy Metals Separation Sri Wardani 476 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry Section 1: Material Chemistry P a g e | 1 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry Diponegoro University Green Chemistry Section 1: Material Chemistry Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry 2|P a g e Green Chemistry Section 1: Material Chemistry This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical Chemistry, Fahmiati, et al. P a g e | 171 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 Adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) on Adsorbent Clay Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass Fahmiati a , Mashuni a , L. D. Syahdam Hamidi a , Nasra a Abstract Adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) on adsorbent clay immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass has been done. The aim of this research were to determine the effects of contact time and concentration of Pb(II) and Co(II)metal ions, and to determine the capacity and energy adsorption. Fractionated clay was synthesized by reaction of clay with KMNO 4 , H 2 SO 4 and HCl. S. cerevisiae biomass was result by heating of biomass in the medium on 80:C. Immobilization of S. cerevisiaebiomass into clay was done by mixing ofratio ofS. cerevisiaebiomass and clay. Characterization of functional groups of clay, fractionated clay (FC), S. cerevisiaebiomass (SCB) as well as clay immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass (FC@CSB) were conducted by FTIR spectrophotometer. Adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) into FC, SCB and FC@CSBwere conducted by kinetics and isothermal adsorption parameters. The capacity and energy of adsorption were determined by using freundlich and langmuir adsorption isoterms. The FTIR spectrum shows that the functional groups on of FC@CSB were Si-OH, Si-O-Si, N-H, O-H, and C-H. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II)into FC, SCB and FC@CSBwere 6.696, 1.912 and 7.352 mg/g, respectively, with adsorption energy of 4.130; 21.648, and 9.897 kJ/mol, recpectively. Adsorption capacity of Co(II) onto FC, SCB and FC@CSBwere 6.972, 2.58, and 8.028 mg/g, with adsorption energy of 12.122, 9.069, 11.32 kJ/mol,respectively. a Department of Chemistry Halu Oleo University, Kampus Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected] Introduction An increasing number of industries will always be followed by the increase in the amount of waste, in the form of solid waste, liquid or gas produced from the production process. The main issues arising from the development of the industry today is the problem of environmental pollution by heavy metals contained in the waste industry. The presence of heavy metal pollutants in water bodies have a negative impact on the quality of water resources because these materials are toxic and are not biodegradable. Increased concentrations of heavy metals in the environment cause these metals accumulate in the chain of aquatic life, plants, animals and human beings to extraordinary threat to the metabolism of life, because it is the presence of heavy metals in the water would poison harmful to health because of high power (Naiya et al, 2009). Heavy metals are elements having atomic weights between 63.5 and 200.6, with specific gravity greater than 5.0 (Srivastava and Majumder, 2008). Heavy metals are not biodegradable and due to their high solubility in the aquatic environments, it can be absorbed by living organisms (Bhatnagar and Sillanpaa, 2009). Lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co) is a highly toxic heavy metal. Lead showed toxic to the nervous system, hemetologic, hemetotoxic, affects the kidneys, and can inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of hemoglobin (Hb) (Hardiani et al, 2011). Lead entering the human body through the respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract into the circulatory system and then spread to various other tissues such as kidney, liver, brain, nerves and bones. Lead poisoning in adults is characterized by symptoms 3 P namely pallor, pain, and paralysis (Widaningrum et al, 2007). According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, limit cobalt metal content in soil, water, and the human body is 1-20 ppm; 0.5 to 10 ppm; and 0.7 to 2.0 mg/kg/day. Prayitno (2008) recommends at least two actions that must be adhered to tackle water pollution. First a precaution, industrial wastewater treatment required prior to a certain safe level before being discharged into waters and both are already getting rid of pollutants discharged into water bodies to reduce levels of pollutants so that the water is fit for use for a variety of everyday purposes. Adsorption has proven to be a more effective method for removing heavy metal pollutants from wastewater when compared to other processes such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and electrolysis (Eren and Afsin, 2008). Adsorption process is one of the expected waste processing Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry 172|P a g e Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical Chemistry, Fahmiati, et al. This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 techniques can be used to reduce excessive metal concentrations in aquatic systems. This technique has advantages compared with other techniques are necessary because of the relatively low cost and does not give side effects such as toxic gases (Fahmiati et al, 2006). Adsorption is a process of concentration of adsorbate molecules or ions on the surface layer of the adsorbent, either physics or chemistry. Thus adsorbent should have the properties typical layer according to the type of adsorbate. Microbes have long been known can absorb heavy metals from their external environment efficiently (Chergui et al, 2007). Bacteria, yeast, algae and fungi have now been successfully used as a biosorbent for removing heavy metals. One of it is the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Amaria, 2007). Biomass can be used as an adsorbent because it has a percentage of cell wall material that is rich with amino acid residues that can bind heavy metal ions in water The advantages of S. cerevisiae as biosorbents in metal biosorption, the forms of S. cerevisiae in biosorption research, biosorptive capacity of S. cerevisiae, the selectivity and competitive biosorption by S. cerevisiae were reviewed in detail by Wang and Chen (2009). Current research has revealed that inactive/dead microbial biomass can passively bind metal ions via various mechanisms (Wang and Chen, 2009). Mechanisms responsible for biosorption, although understood to a limited extent, may be one or combination of ion exchange, complexation, coordination, adsorption, electrostatic interaction, chelation and microprecipitation (Vijayaraghavan and Yun, 2008). However, microbial biomass has several drawbacks. Microbial biosorbents are basically small particles, with low density, poor mechanical strength and little rigidity. The most important problem include solid–liquid separation problems, possible biomass swelling, inability to regenerate/reuse and development of high pressure drop in the column mode (Vijayaraghavan and Yun 2008). To overcome this problem, immobilizing of biomass of S. cerevisiae on a solid support can be done, making it the adsorbent with particle strength and high chemical resistance (Lewis, 1994; Hasan and Srivastava, 2009; Zhou et al., 2009; Sera, et al., 2006; Wang and Chen, 2006; Wang, 2002). One of the interesting material that is either used as a solid support for immobilization of S. cerevisiae biomass is a natural inorganic material, such as clay. Southeast Sulawesi is rich in clay minerals by the number of deposit about 884 billion m 3 (http://angkat9pena.wordpress.com/cuma-cek/). Clay is an inorganic compound constituent soil containing the active site in the form of silanol (Si-OH), a siloxane (Si-O-Si), aluminol (Al-OH) and iron oxide that can adsorb harmful metal ions in the environment (Tan, 1995). The advantages of biomass S. cerevisiae after immobilized on clay are material that does not easy to degraded, relatively have a large size so it is more efficiently used as adsorbent of heavy metal ions. Methodology Materials Pure isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Potatoes Dextrose Agar (PDA, E. Merck), Potatoes Dextrose Broth (PDB, HIMEDIA Laboratories), clay, cobalt nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 , lead nitrate (Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 95%, E. Merck), hydrochloric acid (HCl 37%, E. Merck), nitric acid (HNO 3 56%, E. Merck), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 , E. Merck), pH indicator paper (Macherey-Nagel), Whatmann filter paper (No. 42), alcohol 75% (E. Merck), aquabidest, and distilled water. Methods 1. Preparation of Adsorbent a. Biomass of S. cerevisiae A total of 2 tubes of pure isolates of S. cerevisiae diluted rejuvenation with 2 mL aquabidest and pipetted into a starter medium and then shaken until dissolved, and then incubated for 4 days at 35C. S. cerevisiae cells that had been grown on medium 20 mL starter incorporated into the growth medium and then incubated at room temperature for 5 days. to get the dead cells of S. cerevisiae, the S. cerevisiae that are still in the medium was heated in the water bath at a temperature 80C for 20 minutes. b. Fractionation clay Clay was cleaned and sieved with a 200 mesh sieve. Furthermore, 200 grams of clay mixed with 0.5M KMnO 4 and stirred for 4 hours at a temperature 80 °C. The results was filtered and washed repeatedly until the water reaches a pH neutral then heated in an oven for 12 hours at a temperature 80 °C. Clay was then washed with 6M of H 2 SO 4 for 4 hours at 80 °C. The results are filtered and the sediment was washed repeatedly until the water reaches a pH neutral then heated in an oven for 12 hours at a temperature 80 °C. Furthermore, 6M of HCl was added and stirred for 3 hours at temperature 80 °C then washed repeatedly until the water reaches a pH neutral then heated in an oven for 12 hours at a temperature 80 °C. c. Immobilization of S. cerevisiae biomass on Fractionated Clay Immobilization of S. cerevisiae biomass on clay was made by mixing biomass S. cerevisiae and clay using the ratio of 25: 5 and 50: 5 (mL biomass: g clay). Adsorbent then stirred for 24 hours and filtered with Whatmann filter paper. Furthermore, the adsorbent Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical Chemistry, Fahmiati, et al. P a g e | 173 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 was dried in an oven at a temperature 105 °C for 2 hours. 2. Characterization by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded as KBR pellet on a Perkin Elmer 1725X FTIR Spectrometer in the spectral range 4000 – 400 cm -1 3. Adsorption Experiment Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies of Pb(II) and Co(II) metal ions on adsorbent clay, S. cerevisiae biomass (SCB) and clay immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass (Clay-SCB) were perform in plastic tube containing 0.1 gram of adsorbent and 40 mL of Pb 2+ solutions. The mixture was then shaken at 175 rpm with a room temperature. No pH adjustment was made for all batch adsorption experiment. Adsorption isotherm studies were conducted by varying initial Pb(II) and Co(II) concentration from 5 to 50 mg/L. Reaction was allowed to proceed for 60 minutes at room temperature. Time-dependant Pb(II) and Co(II) metal ions adsorption kinetics were investigated by varying contact time from 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes using initial Pb(II) and Co(II) metal ions concentration of 10 mg/L at room temperature. All batch samples for adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiment were collected by centrifugation and supernatant was filtered through Whatmann filter paper. The remaining Pb(II) and Co(II) metal ions was then analysed by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (Hitachi Z-2000). 4. Adsorption Isotherm Equilibrium isotherms were obtained from batch adsorption experiments. The adsorbed amount of Pb(II) and Co(II) (q) per unit absorbent mass was calculated using the follow equation: ( ) (1) where, q is the adsorbed amount (mg/g), Co is the initial As concentration (mg/L), Ce is the concentration of Pb(II) and Co(II) at equilibrium (mg/L), m is the amount of adsorbent added (g), and V is the volume of solution (L). To investigate the adsorption isotherms, the equilibrium data obtained in the different adsorbent- solute systems were fitted with the linear, Langmuir and Freundlich models. The linear isotherm was calculated as follows: (2) where, K d is the distribution coefficient (L/g). The Langmuir isotherm was fitted using the following equation: (3) A linear form of this equation is rewritten as following: (4) where, K L (L/mg) is the Langmuir constant related to adsorption energy expressing how strong the adsorbate is attached onto surfaces, q m is the maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g). The Langmuir model assumes monolayer adsorption onto a surface with a finite number of identical sites (Mar et al, 2013). The Freundlich isotherm is an empirical equation based on the adsorption onto heterogeneous surfaces that describes the relationship between the adsorbed amount (mg/g) and these remaining in solution (mg/L) (Limousin, et al., 2007). (5) K F and n are Freundlich constants that are related to the adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity, respectively. According to the Freundlich equation, the isotherm does not reach a plateau as C e increases (Limousin, et al., 2007). Results and Discussion 1. Preparation of Adsorbents A substrate called media is needed to cultivate and breed microbes (Lay, 1994). The composition and nutrient content of a microbial growth medium should be balanced so that the microbes can grow optimally because many compounds can be toxic to the inhibitor or microbes if the levels are too high (Nurjannah,2008). Growth medium such as slant agar medium is used for rejuvenation of pure isolates of S. cerevisiae to produce the propagation of pure isolates. After incubated in growth medium for 5 days, the presence of turbidity indicates growth of S. cerevisiaecolonies. Dead biomass used in this study because the biomass does not depend on cell growth, has no effect on the limited nature of the toxicity of metal ions, and does not require nutrients (Suhendrayatna, 2001). Death S. cerevisiae biomass was obtained by heating S. cerevisiae in the medium at a temperature in the water bath 80 °C Fractionation of clay was made to increase the adsorption capacity of clay by washing the impurities such as organic compounds which still cover the active sites of the clay. KMnO 4 used as a strong oxidizing agent to oxidize organic compounds in high temperatures and under acidic conditions. H 2 SO 4 was Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry 174|P a g e Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical Chemistry, Fahmiati, et al. This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 used as an acid medium in the fractionation process, where the compound is not causing the dealumination. HCl is used as a strong acid that can bind with the remaining number of water molecules. Based on research conducted by Tyagi et. al., (2005), the concentration of 6M H 2 SO 4 and 0.5M KMnO 4 can enhance optimum adsorption clays compared to the use of these substances at lower concentrations. Meanwhile, if the concentration is increased, it can lead to a decrease in adsorption capacity. Clay fractionation using 0.5M KMnO 4 under acidic conditions have also impacted on the reduction of the initial weight of clay that can be expressed as a percent of the weight lost clay, which amounted to 5.22%, because of the loss of a number of molecules of water and organic compounds during the fractionation process. The addition of KMnO 4 in acid addition to eliminating a number of organic impurities, also led to the loss of a number of water molecules as H 2 SO 4 and HCl has the ability to bind water. Immobilization of biomass into clay was made by mixing biomass of S. cerevisiae on clay with variation ratio 25: 5 and 50: 5 (mL biomass: g clay). in this study the mechanisms involved in the immobilization process, both the carrier binding, cross-linking and entrapment were unclear. Therefore, FTIR characterization is necessary to determine the functional groups contained in the clay, biomass and biomass S. cerevisiae immobilized on clay. 2. FTIR Characterization of Adsorbents The main functional groups in several adsorbents were analysed by FTIR are presented in Figure 1. Figure 1 (A) shows the infrared spectrum of clay. The peak at 3626 cm 1 is stretching vibration band of O-H on the Si-OH (silanol), the peak at3425 cm 1 is stretching vibration of H-O-H that indicate the presence of water on clay framework. The peak at 2931 cm 1 is symmetric stretching vibration band of C-H, the peak at 2345 cm 1 is stretching vibration band of Si-H. The presence of siloxane group (Si-O-Si) seen in the peak 1026 cm 1 . The presence of Al-O-Al groups on clay before activation is indicated by the bending vibration band of Al-O-Al at 794 cm 1 . The peak at 694 cm 1 indicated stretching vibration of Si- C. Peak 532 and 470 cm 1 is bending vibration of Si-O- Si. This result is supported by Yu et. al., (2000) which states that the bending vibration of Si-O-Si range in wave numbers 472 and 539 cm 1 and the vibration range of Si-O-Si range at peak 1024 cm 1 . The infrared spectrum of fractionated clay (FC) was shown at Figure 1 (B). The difference between spectrum A and B is stretching vibration shift peak at 3245 to 3448 cm 1 which indicates a decrease in the intensity because the release of H 2 O from clay framework. Moreover, the peak at 1080 and 1033 cm 1 indicated shift peak at 1026 cm 1 from spectrum A. This result is supported by Sastrohamidjojo (1992), which states that the clay fractionation using KMnO 4 under acidic conditions can increase the amount of silanol and siloxane were originally covered by organic components or other metal oxides. Figure 1 (C) shows the infrared spectrum of S. cerevisiae biomass (SCB). The peak at 3425 cm 1 is the interaction of the associated stretching vibration of O- H and stretching vibration band of –NH 2 ; the peak at 2931 cm 1 is C-H symmetric stretching vibration band of CH; the peak at 1651 cm 1 is stretching vibration band of C=O of amide band and the band at 1527 cm 1 is bend vibration band of N-H and stretching vibration band of C-N of amide band, which are the two characteristic absorption peaks of protein; The peak at 1409 cm 1 is stretching vibration band of C-O. Figure 1.FTIR spectra (A) Clay (labelled as Clay), (B) Fractionated Clay (labelled as FC), (C) S. cerevisiae biomass (labelled as SCB), (D) Clay immobilized S.cerevisiae 5:25 (labelled as FC@SCB-1) and (E) Clay immobilized S. cerevisiae 5:50 (labelled as FC@SCB-2), using KBr pellets. The range from 4000 to 400 cm 1 Figure 1 (D) and (E) shows the infrared spectrum of clay immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass 5:25 (FC@SCB- 1) and clay immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass 5:50 (FC@SCB-2), respectively. There is only one active group from biomass in D spectrum, which is stretching and bending vibration of NH peak at 2337 and 1527 cm 1 , indicates that biomass has been immobile on clay but with weak interaction. E spectrum shows several wave number shift; peak at 3425 to 3448 cm 1 is the carboxilic (OH) group; peak at 2337 to 2291 cm 1 is NH group. in addition, shift at 1635 cm 1 of Si-OH group increasingly clear and wide while peak at 2931 cm 1 (CH group) and peak at 1080 and 1033 cm 1 (Si-O-Si) appears increasingly strong and narrow. This is indicate the occurrence of hydrogen bonding between the H atom in NH, CH and OH from biomass with O atoms in Si-OH groups and Si-O-Si from clay. Through these FTIR results we use adsorbent clay immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass 5:50 (FC@SCB-2) instead of clay immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass 5:25 (FC@SCB-1). Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical Chemistry, Fahmiati, et al. P a g e | 175 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 3. Adsorption Lead and Cobalt a. Adsorption Isotherm Adsorption isotherms of these three adsorbents were carried out by varying initial concentration of lead and cobalt from 5 to 50 mg/L at room temperature. The results were shown in Figure 2 A and B for lead and cobalt, respectively. It could be observed in Figure 2 A and B that adsorption capacity of Pb(II) and Co(II)on FC and FC@SCB increases with increase in concentration. The greater the initial concentration of Pb(II) and Co(II), the more metal ions are absorbed by the active groups of the adsorbent. This is occurs because more of metal ions particles that can bind to the active groups on the adsorbents. According to hard and soft acid bases theory (HSAB), Pb(II) and Co(II)are metal ions in borderline group that will interact strongly with the active sites of hard and soft bases contained on the adsorbent FC and FC@SCB. The number of Si-OH groups and NH contained on the adsorbent, causing adsorption capacity of Pb(II) and Co(II)to be increase. Silanol-OH group acts as a hard base and -H of the amine group acts as a weak base, so that both groups are able to exchange or form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules contained in the hydrated metal ions of Pb(II) and Co(II). The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm parameters are given in Table 1. The values of R 2 in the Freundlich types were higher than that of the Langmuir type, which indicates that adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II)cannot be expressed by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (q m ) of Pb(II) were found to be 6.696, 1.912, and 7.352 mg/g onto FC, SCB, and FC@SCB, respectively, whereas of Co(II) were found to be 6.972, 2.580, and 8.028 mg/g onto FC, SCB, and FC@SCB, respectively. This means that the best adsorbent for Pb(II) and Co(II) in this study is FC@SCB and the order of adsorption capacity is as follows: FC@SCB > FC > SCB. Figure 2.(A) Adsorption isotherm of Pb 2+ on clay, SCB and FC@SCB; (B) Adsorption isotherm of Co 2+ on clay, SCB and FC@SCB Table 1. Fitted parameters and determination coefficient and adsorption Energy of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms Isotherm Parameters FC SCB FC@SCB Pb(II) Co(II) Pb(II) Co(II) Pb(II) Co(II) Langmuir K L 0.036 0.176 0.014 0.594 0.027 0.260 R 2 0.018 0.356 0.312 0.687 0.270 0.628 Freundlich K F 0.987 0.008 0.002 0.027 0.019 0.011 R 2 0.913 0.916 0.869 0.902 0.880 0.944 E (kJ/mol) 4.130 12.122 21.648 9.069 9.897 11.32 b. Adsorption Kinetics Figure 3.(A) Adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) on FC, SCB and FC@SCB; (B) Adsorption kinetics of Co(II) on FC, SCB and FC@SCB The kinetics adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) onto FC, SCB, and FC@SCB were performed by contacting with 10 mg/L of lead and cobalt solution at room temperature. Figure 3 A and B showed adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) and Co(II) on clay, SCB and FC@SCB. Proceedings of ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry 176|P a g e Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical Chemistry, Fahmiati, et al. This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 The adsorption was fast in the beginning, and then slowed down. We also could observe that the adsorption capacity increased very slowly after 30 minutes at contact, indicating that the adsorption attained equilibrium. Pseudo-second order kinetic model was applied to describe the adsorption of Pb(II) and Co(II) on FC, SCB and FC@SCB adsorbents, and its linear model was shown below: (6) Where k is the rate constant of the adsorbent (g/mg min), q t is adsorption amount of Pb(II) and Co(II) at any time (mg/g), q e is equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg/g), and the initial adsorption rate, h (mg/g min) (Zhang et al, 2014) can be defined as Both k and h can be determined experimentally from the slope and intercept of plot of q/q t versus t, and the result were presented in Table 2. Table 2. Pseudo-second-order rate constant for Pb(II) and Co(II) on FC, SCB and FC@SCB Parameters FC SCB FC@SCB Pb(II) q e (mg/g) 2.0136 0.7664 2.5552 k (g/mg min) 11.005 x 10 -3 18.099 x 10 -3 5.560 x 10 -3 h (mg/g min) 0.0803 0.0227 0.0763 R 2 0.742 0.612 0.367 Co(II) q e (mg/g) 1.369 0.476 1.428 k (g/mg min) 41.268 x 10 -3 18.770 x 10 -3 8.010 x 10 -3 h (mg/g min) 0.0995 0.0114 0.1867 R 2 0.950 0.460 0.989 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit adsorption data well with R 2 ranged of 0.367 to 0.742 for Pb(II) and 0.460 to 0.989 for Co(II). This revealed that the rate limiting step might be chemical adsorption involving valency forces through sharing or exchange of electrons between hydroxyl (-OH) group from silanol and –H from NH 2 of adsorbent surface and Pb(II) and Co(II), which conformed to the HSAB theory. Conclusions S. cerevisiae biomass were immobilized on fractionated clay and resulted adsorbent was applied for Pb(II) and Co(II) adsorption from dilute solution. The FTIR spectrum shows that the functional groups on of FC@SCB were Si-OH, Si-O-Si, N-H, O-H, and C-H. The best adsorbent for Pb(II) and Co(II) in this study is FC@SCB and the order of adsorption capacity is as follows: FC@SCB > FC > SCB. The pseudo-second- order kinetic model fit adsorption data revealed that the rate limiting step might be chemical adsorption involving valency forces through sharing or exchange of electrons between hydroxyl (-OH) group from silanol and –H from NH 2 of adsorbent surface and Pb(II) and Co(II). Acknowledgments The author wish to acknowledge to Directorate general of higher education (DIKTI) and Halu Oleo University for financial supports References Amaria, Agustini, R., Cahyaningrum, S.E., Santosa, S.J., &Narsito. (2007) Adsorpsi Seng (II) Menggunakan Biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang Diimobilisasi pada Silika Secara Sol Gel, Akta Kimindo,2(2): 63-74. Bhatnagar, A & Sillanpaa, M., (2009). Applications of Chitin- and Chitosan-Derivatives for the Detoxification of Water and Wastewater - A short review.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 152: 26-38. Chergui,A.,Bhakti,M.Z.,Chahboub,A.,Haddoum,S.,Sela tnia,A.,&Junter,G.A., (2007).Simultaneous Biosorption of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cr 6+ from Aqueous Solution by Streptomyces rimosus, Desalination, 206: 179-184. Eren,E.&Afsin,B. (2008).AnInvestigationofCu(II)AdsorptionbyRaw andAcid-activated Bentonite: A CombinedPotentiometric, Thermodynamic,XRD,IR,DTAStudy,JournalofHazardou sMaterials,151:682–691. Fahmiati, Mashuni, Alimin, & Amiruddin. (2007). Separation of Heavy Metals Technology by Utilizing Biomass of S. cerevisiae Yeast Immobilized on Clays as Adsorbent, Competitive Grant Research Report, FMIPA, Haluoleo University, Kendari. Hardiani H, Kardiansyah T, & Sugesty S. (2011). Bioremediation Lead (Pb) in Contaminated Soil Waste Paper Sludge Process Industries deinking. Jurnal Selulosa, 1(1), June 2011: 31 – 41. Limousin, G., Gaudet, J, P., Charlet, L., Szenkneet, S., Barthes, V., & Krimissa, M, (2007) Sorption Isotherm: A review on Physical Bases, Modelling and Measurement, Applied Geochemistry, 22: 249-275 Mar, K.K., Karnawati, D., Sarto, Putra, D. P. E., Igarashi, T., &Tablein, C. B., (2013). Comparison of arsenic adsorption on lignite, bentonite, shale, and iron sand from Indonesia, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 6: 242-250. Naiya,T.K.,Chowdhury,P., Bhattacharya,A.K.,&Das,S.K.,(2009).Sawdust andNeemBarkasLow- Proceedings of The 9 th Joint Conference on Chemistry ISBN 978-602-285-049-6 Green Chemistry Section 2: Physical Chemistry, Fahmiati, et al. P a g e | 177 This Proceedings©Chemistry Department, FSM, Diponegoro University 2015 costNaturalBiosorbentforAdsorptiveRemoval ofZn(II)and Cd(II)IonsfromAqueousSolutions,ChemicalEngineerin g Journal,148:68–79. Prayitno,B.A.,(2008).Impact of Polluted Water Use for Agricultural Irrigation and Handling Recommendations, in the website Srivastava, N.K & Majumder, C.B. (2008). Novel Biofiltration Methods for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater, J. Hazard. Matter, 151: 1-8. Suhendrayatna, (2001). Heavy Metal Bioremoval by Microorganisms: A Literature Study, (ISTECS)-Chapter Japan, Kagoshima University 890-0065, Japan. Tan, H (1995). Fundamentals of Soil Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. Vijayaraghavan, K. & Yun, Yeoung-Sang. (2008). Bacterial Biosorbents and Biosorption. BiotechnologyAdvances, 26: 266-291. Wang, G,, Liu J., Wang, X., Xie, Z., & Deng N. (2009). Adsorption of Uranium(VI) from Aqueous Solution onto Cross-linked Chitosan.J. Hazardous Materials, 168: 1053-1058. Widaningrum, Miskiyah & Suismono. (2007). Dangers of Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Alternative Prevention Cemarannya. Bulletin of Agricultural Postharvest Technology Vol. 3 2007(cited 26 january 2012 11:45WITA). Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Zhang, S., Liu, J., Zhou, J., Xu, H., Xiao, H., & Li, J., (2013) Preparation of Thiol-modified Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 Nanoparticle and their Application for Gold Recovery from Dilute Solution, Separation and Purification Technology, 116: 391-397.