Hangzhou Bay Bridge, China

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hangzhou Bay Bridge, China Hangzhou Bay Bridge, China CPF Formtex from Fibertex Nonwovens A/S was used to improve quality of concrete cover in splash zone areas of piers The S-shaped Hangzhou Bay Bridge is an important connection in China’s East Coast Superhighway. Starting in Jiaxing to the north, the bridge ends at Ningbo’s Cixi county in the south. The 36km-long Hangzhou Bay Bridge is the long- It shortens the ground transportation distance from est ocean-crossing bridge in the world, spanning Ningbo to Shanghai by 120 km and travel time from across the Hangzhou Bay on the East China Sea and four hours to two and half hours. It is a six-lane, crossing the Qiantang River at the Yangtze River two-direction highway with a 100km/h speed limit, Delta. It surpassed the Donghai Bridge, the long- and a 100-year, service guaranteed, cable-stayed est transoceanic bridge in the world, when it was design. opened in 2005. Fibertex Nonwovens A/S has supplied app 36,000 m² CPF Formtex to this project during the construction period of 2004 and 2005. Fibertex Nonwovens A/S was chosen as supplier due to the company’s experience as supplier to major constructions round the world and due to the com- pany’s flexible installation system. Hangzhou Bay Bridge For this project mainly steel forms were used and hence the gluing method of installation was cho- sen. On top of this it was required to install both on forms placed horizontally and vertically. Fibertex Nonwovens A/S Tel. +45 96 35 35 35 Svendborgvej 16 Fax +45 98 15 85 55 DK-9220 Aalborg E-mail [email protected] Denmark Web www.fibertex.com Web www.formtex.dk Hangzhou Bay Bridge, China – page 2 No form size is too small or too big for using Formtex and this case’s forms were as big as 4x12 m. Bends or curves are no problems as Formtex is a flexible material which will follow the contour of the form as seen on picture to the left with vertical installation. Finished piers, on their way to installation, with surface of concrete smooth and dense due to the usage of CPF Formtex. Fibertex Nonwovens A/S Tel. +45 96 35 35 35 Svendborgvej 16 Fax +45 98 15 85 55 DK-9220 Aalborg E-mail [email protected] Denmark Web www.fibertex.com Web www.formtex.dk.
Recommended publications
  • 2006 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Kenneth J
    2006 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Kenneth J. Wright, PE Thomas G. Leech, PE, SE HDR Engineering, Inc. Gannett Fleming, Inc. General Chair Magazine Chair M. Myint Lwin, PE, SE Herbert M. Mandel, PE Federal Highway GAI Consultants, Inc. Administration Technical Program Chair Matthew P. McTish, PE McTish, Kunkel & Associates Al M. Ahmed, PE Exhibits Chair A&A Consultants Inc. Gerald Pitzer, PE Michael J. Alterio GAI Consultants, Inc. Alpha Structures Inc. Gary Runco, PE Carl Angeloff, PE Paul C. Rizzo Associates, Inc. Bayer MaterialScience, LLC Seminars Chair Awards Chair Helena Russell Victor E. Bertolina, PE Bridge, design & engineering SAI Consulting Engineers Awards – Vice Chair Budget Chair Louis J. Ruzzi, PE Enrico T. Bruschi, PE Pennsylvania Department DMJM Harris of Transportation Jeffrey J. Campbell, PE Thomas J. Vena, PE Michael Baker, Jr., Inc. Allegheny County Department of Public Works Richard Connors, PE, PMP McCormick Taylor, Inc. Lisle E. Williams, PE, PLS Rules Chair DMJM Harris Attendance & Co-Sponsors James D. Dwyer Chair STV, Inc. Emeritus Committee Gary L. Graham, PE Members Pennsylvania Turnpike Joel Abrams, PhD Commission Consultant Kent A. Harries, PhD, PEng Reidar Bjorhovde, PhD University of Pittsburgh The Bjorhovde Group Student Awards Chair Steven Fenves, PhD Donald W. Herbert, PE NIST Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Arthur W. Hedgren, Jr., PhD, PE Donald Killmeyer, Jr., PE Consultant ms consultants, inc. Tour Chair John F. Graham, Jr., PE Graham Consulting Inc. Eric S. Kline KTA-Tator, Inc. Keynote & Special Interest Session Chair ADVANCING BRIDGE TECHNOLOGY GLOBALLY ○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 2006 CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE Kenneth J. Wright, PE HDR Engineering, Inc. 2006 IBC General Chairman As this year’s General Chairman, I am pleased to wel- come you to the 2006 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh, the “City of Bridges”.
    [Show full text]
  • [Halshs-00717879, V1] New Port Development and Global City Making
    Author manuscript, published in "Journal of Transport Geography 25 (2012) 58-69" New port development and global city making: Emergence of the Shanghai-Yangshan multilayered gateway hub Chengjin WANG Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100101, China [email protected] César DUCRUET French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 8504 Géographie-cités F-75006 Paris, France [email protected] Abstract Planned as Shanghai's new port, Yangshan is currently expanding its roles as transhipment hub and integrated logistics/industrial center in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper examines the impact of the emergence of Yangshan on the spatial pattern of the Yangtze River Delta since the 1970s, with reference to existing port system spatial evolutionary halshs-00717879, version 1 - 13 Nov 2012 models. While this emergence confirms the trend of offshore hub development and regionalization processes observed in other regions, we also discuss noticeable deviations due to territorial and governance issues. Strong national policies favoring Shanghai's vicinity rather than Ningbo as well as the growth of Yangshan beyond sole transhipment functions all contribute to Shanghai's transformation into a global city. Keywords: Asia; China; corridor; offshore hub; port system evolution; urban growth; Yangtze River Delta 1 1. Introduction Throughout the literature on port cities, a majority of the research provides a separate discussion on either port or urban functions. Port and urban specialists often focus on what may appear as processes and actors of distinctly different nature. One example is the large body of research on so-called port systems where neighbouring port nodes go through successive development phases marked by varying traffic concentration levels.
    [Show full text]
  • New Port Development and Global City Making: Emergence of the Shanghai-Yangshan Multilayered Gateway Hub Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet
    New port development and global city making: Emergence of the Shanghai-Yangshan multilayered gateway hub Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet To cite this version: Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet. New port development and global city making: Emergence of the Shanghai-Yangshan multilayered gateway hub. Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, 2012, 25, pp.58-69. halshs-00717879 HAL Id: halshs-00717879 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00717879 Submitted on 13 Nov 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. New port development and global city making: Emergence of the Shanghai-Yangshan multilayered gateway hub Chengjin WANG Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100101, China [email protected] César DUCRUET French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 8504 Géographie-cités F-75006 Paris, France [email protected] Abstract Planned as Shanghai's new port, Yangshan is currently expanding its roles as transhipment hub and integrated logistics/industrial center in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper examines the impact of the emergence of Yangshan on the spatial pattern of the Yangtze River Delta since the 1970s, with reference to existing port system spatial evolutionary models.
    [Show full text]
  • Factory Address Country
    Factory Address Country Durable Plastic Ltd. Mulgaon, Kaligonj, Gazipur, Dhaka Bangladesh Lhotse (BD) Ltd. Plot No. 60&61, Sector -3, Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone, North Potenga, Chittagong Bangladesh Bengal Plastics Ltd. Yearpur, Zirabo Bazar, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh ASF Sporting Goods Co., Ltd. Km 38.5, National Road No. 3, Thlork Village, Chonrok Commune, Korng Pisey District, Konrrg Pisey, Kampong Speu Cambodia Ningbo Zhongyuan Alljoy Fishing Tackle Co., Ltd. No. 416 Binhai Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang China Ningbo Energy Power Tools Co., Ltd. No. 50 Dongbei Road, Dongqiao Industrial Zone, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang China Junhe Pumps Holding Co., Ltd. Wanzhong Villiage, Jishigang Town, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang China Skybest Electric Appliance (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. No. 18 Hua Hong Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu China Zhejiang Safun Industrial Co., Ltd. No. 7 Mingyuannan Road, Economic Development Zone, Yongkang, Zhejiang China Zhejiang Dingxin Arts&Crafts Co., Ltd. No. 21 Linxian Road, Baishuiyang Town, Linhai, Zhejiang China Zhejiang Natural Outdoor Goods Inc. Xiacao Village, Pingqiao Town, Tiantai County, Taizhou, Zhejiang China Guangdong Xinbao Electrical Appliances Holdings Co., Ltd. South Zhenghe Road, Leliu Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong China Yangzhou Juli Sports Articles Co., Ltd. Fudong Village, Xiaoji Town, Jiangdu District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu China Eyarn Lighting Ltd. Yaying Gang, Shixi Village, Shishan Town, Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong China Lipan Gift & Lighting Co., Ltd. No. 2 Guliao Road 3, Science Industrial Zone, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, Guangdong China Zhan Jiang Kang Nian Rubber Product Co., Ltd. No. 85 Middle Shen Chuan Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong China Ansen Electronics Co. Ning Tau Administrative District, Qiao Tau Zhen, Dongguan, Guangdong China Changshu Tongrun Auto Accessory Co., Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • SHOCK CONTROL of BRIDGES in CHINA USING TAYLOR DEVICES’ FLUID VISCOUS DEVICES 1 1 2 2 Chen Yongqi Ma Liangzhe Cao Tiezhu1 Robert Schneider Craig Winters
    th The 14 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China SHOCK CONTROL OF BRIDGES IN CHINA USING TAYLOR DEVICES’ FLUID VISCOUS DEVICES 1 1 2 2 Chen Yongqi Ma Liangzhe Cao Tiezhu1 Robert Schneider Craig Winters 1Beijing Qitai Shock Control and Scientific Development Co.,Ltd , Beijing 100037, China 2Taylor Devices, Inc. North Tonawanda, NY 14120, USA Email: [email protected], ABSTRACT : Fluid Viscous Devices are a successful structural protective system for bridge vibration. The structural protective technique and the dampers have been introduced to China since 1999. The Taylor Devices’ damper systems has already been successfully installed or will be installed in large or the super large bridges in China for protection from earthquake, wind. vehicle and other vibration. Seventeen different bridge projects introduced here include the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, the longest cable stayed bridge in the world, the Nanjing 3rd Yangtze River Bridge, the fifth longest suspension bridge in the world, and the Xihoumen Across Sea Bridge, the second longest suspension bridge in the world. The performance of the bridges and dampers have been reported as “very good” during the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. All of the dampers produced have been subjected to rigorous static and dynamic testing, which show the dampers will perform well for the next 50 years and possibly a lot longer. KEYWORDS: Lock-Up Devices, Fluid Viscous Dampers, Limited Displacement Damper 1. INTRODUCTION Along with the rapid economic development in China over the past two decades, a large number of highways and bridges have been built in China. By 2004 China constructed 1.81 millions kilometers of roads and 30 thousand kilometers of highways.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Major Bridges Summary 1. Background
    China’s Major Bridges Maorun FENG Maorun Feng, born in 1942, graduated from the Tangshan Professor Railway Institute with a Master’s Chairman of Technical degree, has been engaged in the Consultative Committee, design and research of bridges for 40 Ministry of years. He is the Chairman of Technical Consultative Committee Communications and the Former Chief Engineer of the Beijing, China State Ministry of Communications. He is also the current Chairman of China Association of Highway and Waterway Engineering Consultants. [email protected] . Summary In response to continuous economic development over the past 30 years, China has mobilized a program of large scale bridge construction. The technology of various types of bridges, including girder bridges, arch bridges, and cable-supported bridges, has been developed rapidly. Bridge spanning capacity has been continuously improved. Girder bridges with main span of 330 m, arch bridges with main span of 550 m, cable-stayed bridges with main span of 1088 m and suspension bridges with main span of 1650 m have already been built. Moreover, two sea-crossing bridges with overall length over 30 km have also been opened to traffic. This paper briefly introduces China’s major bridges, including girder bridges with spans greater than 200 m, arch bridges with spans greater than 400 m, cable-stayed bridges with spans greater than 600 m, and suspension bridges with spans greater than 1200 m. These bridges represent technological progress in such aspects as structural system, materials, as well as construction methods and equipment. Key words: girder bridge, arch bridge, cable-supported bridge, cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge, steel-concrete composite bridge 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ten Most Important Ports in the World.Pdf
    ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΚΟΥ ΝΑΥΤΙΚΟΥ Α.Ε.Ν ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑΣ ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩΝ ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ : ΞΕΝΙΤΙΔΟΥ ΕΛΛΗ ΘΕΜΑ “ΤΗΕ TEN MOST IMPORTANT PORTS IN THE WORLD” ΤΟΥ ΣΠΟΥΔΑΣΤΗ : ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΙΔΗ ΓΡΗΓΟΡΙΟΥ Α.Γ.Μ: 2659 Ημερομηνία ανάληψης της εργασίας: Ημερομηνία παράδοσης της εργασίας: Α/Α Ονοματεπώνυμο Ειδικότης Αξιολόγηση Υπογραφή 1 2 3 ΤΕΛΙΚΗ ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ Ο ΔΙΕΥΘΥΝΤΗΣ ΣΧΟΛΗΣ : [1] CONTENTS Chapter 1 _ Introduction……………………………………………………04 Chapter 2 _ Port of Felixstowe, United Kingdom………………………….05 2.1 _ Description…………………………………………………….. 05 2.1.1 _ Terminals……………………………………………………05 2.1.2 _ Transport Connections……………………………………...06 2.2 _ Current Developments………………………………………….06 2.2.1 _ Felixstowe South……………………………………………06 2.2.2 _ Felixstowe and Nuneaton freight capacity scheme ………...06 2.2.3 _ Copdock Roundabout and general table……………………06 Chapter 3 _ Port of Hamburg, Germany……………………………………08 3.1 _ History…………………………………………………………..08 3.2 _ Access…………………………………………………………...09 3.3 _ Terminals………………………………………………………..09 3.4 _ Cruise……………………………………………………………10 3.5 _ Culture and general table………………………………………..10 Chapter 4 _ Port Hedland, Western Australia………………………………12 4.1 _ History…………………………………………………………..12 4.2 _ About the Harbour………………………………………………13 4.2.1 _ Port Authority……………………………………………….13 4.2.2 _ Geography…………………………………………………..13 4.3 _ Port Statistics…………………………………………………….13 4.4 _ General table…………………………………………………….15 Chapter 5 _ Port of Jebel Ali, United Arab Emirates……………………….16 5.1 _Geography……………………………………………………….16 5.2 _ History…………………………………………………………..17 5.3 _ Operations………………………………………………………17
    [Show full text]
  • Capitalism from Below
    CAPITALISM FROM BELOW Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 22.05.13 14:32 Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 22.05.13 14:32 CAPITALISM FROM BELOW Markets and Institutional Change in China VICTOR NEE SONJA OPPER HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England 2012 Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 22.05.13 14:32 Copyright © 2012 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Nee, Victor Capitalism from below : markets and institutional change in China / Victor Nee, Sonja Opper. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 05020-4 (alk. paper) 1. Capitalism— China. 2. Entrepreneurship— China. 3. Industrial policy— China. 4. China—Economic policy. 5. China— Politics and government. I. Opper, Sonja. II. Title. HC427.95.N44 2012 330.951—dc23 2011042367 Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 22.05.13 14:32 To Margaret Nee (1919– 2011) and Fanny de Bary (1922– 2009) Margret and Herbert Opper Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 22.05.13 14:32 Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 22.05.13 14:32 Contents List of Figures and Tables ix Acknowledgments xiii 1 Where Do Economic Institutions Come From? 1 2 Markets and Endogenous Institutional Change 12 3 Th e Epicenter of Bottom-Up Capitalism 41 4 Entrepreneurs and Institutional Innovation 72 5 Legitimacy and Or gan i za tion
    [Show full text]
  • Chongming-Qidong Yangtze River Highway Bridge (Hereinafter “Chongqi Bridge”) Has a Length of 6.84Km
    Address (no P.O. Box ): Building A, 85, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing City with postal code: Beijing, 10088 Country: China Phone (with country code): +86-10-82017778 Fax:+86-10-82017738 E-mail for communication on the submission: [email protected] Name of contact person, if different than CEO: [email protected] Date and signature of CEO: May 15th, 2015 Questions to be responded to by the firm submitting the application Why do you think this project should receive an award? How does it demonstrate: z innovation, quality, and professional excellence z transparency and integrity in the management and project implementation z sustainability and respect for the environment Chongming-Qidong Yangtze River Highway Bridge (hereinafter “Chongqi Bridge”) has a length of 6.84km. It was scheduled to be completed by April, 2012, but eventually opened to traffic on December 24th, 2011. By now it has been in operation for 3 years and 4 months. The client is Jiangsu Province Chongqi Bridge Construction Headquarters. The main bridge of Chongqi Bridge is a six-span continuous steel box girder bridge with span arrangement of 102m+4×185m+102m=944m. The bridge deck structure is formed by double haunched continuous steel box girders with vertical webs. The width of single girder is 16.1m. The girder depth varies in parabolic, 3.5m at the ends of side spans, 4.8m at the mid span and 9.0m at main piers. The girders were erected span by span with one single segment in each span without any stitching segment between them.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Development of New Urbanization from the Perspective of Coordination: a New Complex System of Urbanization-Technology Innovation and the Atmospheric Environment
    atmosphere Article Sustainable Development of New Urbanization from the Perspective of Coordination: A New Complex System of Urbanization-Technology Innovation and the Atmospheric Environment Bin Jiang 1, Lei Ding 1,2,* and Xuejuan Fang 3 1 School of International Business & Languages, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, Zhejiang, China; [email protected] 2 Institute of Environmental Economics Research, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, Zhejiang, China 3 Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 September 2019; Accepted: 25 October 2019; Published: 28 October 2019 Abstract: Exploring the coordinated development of urbanization (U), technology innovation (T), and the atmospheric environment (A) is an important way to realize the sustainable development of new-type urbanization in China. Compared with existing research, we developed an integrated index system that accurately represents the overall effect of the three subsystems of UTA, and a new weight determination method, the structure entropy weight (SEW), was introduced. Then, we constructed a coordinated development index (CDI) of UTA to measure the level of sustainability of new-type urbanization. This study also analyzed trends observed in UTA for 11 cities in Zhejiang Province of China, using statistical panel data collected from 2006 to 2017. The results showed that: (1) urbanization efficiency, the benefits of technological innovation, and air quality weigh the most in the indicator systems, which indicates that they are key factors in the behavior of UTA. The subsystem scores of the 11 cities show regional differences to some extent. (2) Comparing the coordination level of UTA subsystems, we found that the order is: coordination degree of UT > coordination degree of UA > coordination degree of TA.
    [Show full text]
  • Delft University of Technology Local Human Activities Overwhelm
    Delft University of Technology Local human activities overwhelm decreased sediment supply from the Changjiang River Continued rapid accumulation in the Hangzhou Bay-Qiantang Estuary system Xie, Dongfeng; Pan, Cunhong; Wu, Xiuguang; Gao, Shu; Wang, Zheng Bing DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.013 Publication date 2017 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Published in Marine Geology Citation (APA) Xie, D., Pan, C., Wu, X., Gao, S., & Wang, Z. B. (2017). Local human activities overwhelm decreased sediment supply from the Changjiang River: Continued rapid accumulation in the Hangzhou Bay-Qiantang Estuary system. Marine Geology, 392, 66-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.013 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. © 2017 Manuscript version made available under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Postprint of Marine Geology Volume 392, 1 October 2017, Pages 66-77 Link to formal publication (Elsevier): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.013 1 Local human activities overwhelm decreased sediment from the Changjiang 2 River: continued rapid accumulation in the Hangzhou Bay-Qiantang Estuary 3 Dongfeng Xiea,*, Cunhong Pana, Xiuguangsystem Wua, Shu Gaob, Zhengbing Wangc,d 4 aZhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, Hangzhou, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Probability Model of Hangzhou Bay Bridge Vehicle Loads Using Weigh-In-Motion Data
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Shock and Vibration Volume 2015, Article ID 576083, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/576083 Research Article Probability Model of Hangzhou Bay Bridge Vehicle Loads Using Weigh-in-Motion Data Dezhang Sun,1 Xu Wang,2 Bin Chen,3 and Baitao Sun1 1 Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China 2State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China 3College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xu Wang; [email protected] Received 7 August 2014; Accepted 6 February 2015 Academic Editor: Gangbing Song Copyright © 2015 Dezhang Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To study the vehicle load characteristics of bay bridges in China, especially truck loads, we performed a statistical analysis of the vehicle loads on Hangzhou Bay Bridge using more than 3 months of weigh-in-motion data from the site. The results showed that when all the vehicle samples were included in the statistical analysis, the histogram of the vehicles exhibited a multimodal distribution, which could not be fitted successfully by a familiar single probability distribution model. When the truck samples were analyzed, a characteristic multiple-peaked distribution with a main peak was obtained. The probability distribution of all vehicles was fitted using a weighting function with five normal distributions and the truck loads were modeled by a single normal distribution.
    [Show full text]