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International Journal of Marine Sciences Available online at www.izor.hr/acta/eng Online ISSN:1846-0453 International Journal of Marine Sciences ISSN: 0001-5113 AADRAY 47 (1) 1-88 A1-A2 2006 UDK 551.46+58+59 (262) Acta Adriat. Vol. 47 No. 1 1-88 Split 2006 A1-A2 PUBLICATION INFORMATION ACTA ADRIATICA IS PEER REVIWED JOURNAL The Acta Adriatica is an international journal which publishes the papers on all aspects of marine sciences, preferably from the Mediterranean. Minimum of two international referees review each manuscript. Editorial Board members advice the Editors on the selection of supplementary referees. Acta Adriatica is published continuously since 1932. Abstracts/contents list published in: Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts, Zoological Record, Agricola, CAB Abstracts, Georeference, Water Resources Abstracts, Oceanic Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, Dialog and Referativnij Zhurnal. This publication is also indexed in Fish & Fisheries Worldwide produced by NISC, South Africa. Until the end of 2005 there were 46 volumes published with total of 663 scientific papers. Types of papers that can be submitted for consideration by the Editorial Board are: a) original research papers, b) conference papers, c) preliminary reports, d) short communications, e) scientific notes within the board field of marine and fishery sciences, referring preferably to the area of the Mediterranean or dealing with other areas, providing they relate to the Mediterranean in some aspect. Maximal lenght of one paper should not exceed 20 printed pages. Printed in 380 copies. THIS JOURNAL IS SUPPORTED BY MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND SPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA IZDAVANJE ČASOPISA FINANCIRA MINISTARSTVO ZNANOSTI, OBRAZOVANJA I ŠPORTA REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., Editorial note AADRAY 47 (1): 3 - 3, 2006 EDITORIAL NOTE In 1951 the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, started a new publication, BILJEŠKE-NOTES, to complement the previously published ACTA ADRIATICA. Their purpose was to assure quick dissemination of selected new findings, such as identification of new species, unusual occurrences in the Adriatic and the Mediterranean Seas, etc. The articles were restricted to eight pages. The publishing schedule was regulated according to needs. The last, 88th issue was published in 2005. Since ACTA ADRIATICA is biannual publication, we now feel that BILJEŠKE-NOTES can be readily incorporated into it. Starting with this issue they appear under a heading of “SCIENTIFIC NOTES”. Editor-in-Chief Dr. Mira Zore-Armanda ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., UDC: 597.5:591.134(282.24 Neretva) AADRAY 47 (1): 5 - 11, 2006 Original scientific paper Maturation, reproduction and recruitment of the sand smelt, Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 (Pisces:Atherinidae) in the estuary of Mala Neretva River (southeastern Adriatic, Croatia) Vlasta BARTULOVIĆ1*, Branko GLAMUZINA1, Alexis CONIDES2, Ana GAVRILOVIĆ 1 and Jakov DULČIĆ3 1 University of Dubrovnik, Department of Aquaculture, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia 2 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Agios Kosmas, Hellinikon, 16604 Athens, Greece 3 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, P.O. Box 500, 21000 Split, Croatia *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Characteristics of maturation and recruitment of the sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, from the Mala Neretva River estuary in the southeastern Adriatic, Croatia in 2001/2, are presented. The average gonadosomatic index (GSI) during a 12-month period was 1.59% for females and 2.1% for males. The highest value was in April, 5.4% for females and 4.7% for males. The smallest mature female was 5.2 cm total length. Fifty percent of the females were mature at 7.75 cm total length. New juveniles began to recruit in June and July and later appeared in fewer numbers. In general, the GSI was lower than in other sand smelt populations. The reasons are difficult to determine but might be partly explained by the high and unpredictable temperature and salinity variations in the researched area that have led to previously described disturbances of the sand smelt life cycle, as in feeding and a high incidence of spinal deformities. Key words: sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, maturation, recruitment, Mala Neretva River INTRODUCTION atherinid fish that mainly inhabits coastal and estuarine waters including coastal lagoons, salt The sand smelt, Atherina boyeri Risso 1810, marshes, and, more rarely, inland waters, over is common in the Mediterranean and adjacent seas a wide range of salinities from freshwater to and in the northeast Atlantic from the Azores to hypersaline conditions (HENDERSON & BAMBER, the northwestern coast of Scotland (QUIGNARD & 1987). Sand smelt mature in the first year of PRAS, 1986). It is a small, short-lived, euryhaline life and spawn in the second half of spring 6 ACTA ADRIATICA, 47(1): 5-11, 2006 and the beginning of summer (JARDAS, 1996; MATERIAL AND METHODS PALLAORO et al., 2002). The spawning season in brackish lagoons of southern France extends The present study was carried out in the from February to September, with a peak in estuary of the Mala Neretva River situated on April-June (TOMASINI et al., 1996). the southeastern Adriatic coast (Fig.1). The BARTULOVIĆ et al. (2004a) presented data on mouth of the river is closed by a dam that the diet and BARTULOVIĆ et al. (2004b) on the age, prevents the inflow of salt water into the upper growth, mortality, and sex ratio of the sand smelt agricultural part of the estuary. The sampling from the Mala Neretva River estuary. The sand site was downstream from the dam, where smelt usually inhabits ecosystems with unstable marine conditions dominate but the inflow of living conditions where temperature, salinity, fresh water and polluted water pumped from the turbidity, currents, and quality and quantity agricultural complex is constant. This leads to of food greatly vary. Therefore, reproduction daily and seasonal changes of temperature and characteristics are specific to each population. salinity at the sampling site. Average monthly The recruitment process is affected by unstable temperatures varied from 9˚C in February to conditions (BARTULOVIĆ, 2003) and success depends on the availability of suitable surfaces, 25˚C in August. The winter water temperatures such as sublittoral filamentous algae, for egg were affected by the inflow of the fresh water attachment (HENDERSON et al., 1984). that was colder (7.4˚C) than the sea water In this study we present characteristics of (11.4˚C) during this period. Salinity varied maturation and recruitment of the sand smelt from 4 to 38 psu during the winter but, due to from the Mala Neretva River estuary in the the low freshwater inflow, only from 30 to 38 southeastern Adriatic, Croatia. psu in the summer. Fig. 1. Map of the study area BARTULOVIĆ, GLAMUZINA, CONIDES, GAVRILOVIĆ & DULČIĆ: Sand smelt in the Neretva estuary 7 Atherina boyeri (n = 1200) were collected GSI = wt gonads/total wt x 100 (WOOTON, monthly from March 2001 to February 2002 at 1990). The GSI was computed for each month the station near the dam. The fish were collected and in total, for females, males, and both sexes with a small net (5 mm mesh) used locally for together. the sand smelt fishery. It is one square meter of net on a metal frame, connected by ropes to a RESULTS main rope; when the fish appear above the net, it is lifted out of the water. Temperature and The smallest mature female was 5.2 cm (TL) salinity were measured before sampling with a and 50% of the females were mature at 7.75 cm mercury thermometer and a laboratory inductive (TL). Maturation, represented by the percentage salinometer. Fresh specimens were transported of females with a GSI above the average yearly to the laboratory where total (TL) and standard GSI of the total female sample, significantly length (SL) were measured to the nearest 0.1 correlated with total length (r2=0.887; Fig. 2). mm and body weight to the nearest 0.01 g. The average GSI during the 12-month period Gonads were examined to determine sex and was 1.59% for females and 2.1% for males. The reproductive stage. GSI began to rise in March (1.55% for females Gonads from all 1068 sexually mature fish and 4.6% for males; Fig. 3), peaked in April were dissected, dried from water and blood using (5.4% for females and 4.7% for males), and paper, and weighed to the nearest 0.01 g. The dropped in June (females 2.27% and males gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated as: 3.1%) and July (females 2.54% and males Fig. 2. Percentage and length of mature sand smelt females from the Mala Neretva River. Vertical bar represents length at which 50% of the females in the sample were mature 8 ACTA ADRIATICA, 47(1): 5-11, 2006 Fig. 3. Average gonadosomatic index of males, females, and both sexes in monthly samples of sand smelt from the Mala Neretva River 3.17%). During March-May, over 90% of all was highest in June and July, 19% and 12% females were mature, i.e., had an above average respectively (Fig. 5). The number slowly value GSI (Fig. 4). No specimens of either decreased from August to October and no new sex with an above average GSI were found in recruits were found in November-May. Average August-February. total lengths of the new recruits were 3.91 cm in The percentage of newly recruited juveniles June, 4.3 cm in July, and 4.1 cm in August. Fig.4. Percentage of mature females in monthly samples of sand smelt BARTULOVIĆ, GLAMUZINA, CONIDES, GAVRILOVIĆ & DULČIĆ: Sand smelt in the Neretva estuary 9 100 80 60 juveniles undetermined females 40 males Sample composition (%) composition Sample 20 0 MAMJ JASONDJ F Months Fig. 5. Percentages of males, females, juveniles, and specimens of undetermined sex, per month DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS were recorded in sand smelt from the Suez Canal with a maximum of 5.3% for females The smallest mature female in the mouth of in February and 4.4% and 4.5% for males in Mala Neretva River was 5.2 cm (TL) and 4.3 February and March, respectively (FOUDA, 1994).
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