A New Small-Sized Bivalve from the Mediterranean Sea (Galeommatida, Lasaeidae)
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Marine Bivalve Molluscs
Marine Bivalve Molluscs Marine Bivalve Molluscs Second Edition Elizabeth Gosling This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd First edition published 2003 © Fishing News Books, a division of Blackwell Publishing Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. -
Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Shelled Molluscs
Mar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs Fre´de´ric Gazeau • Laura M. Parker • Steeve Comeau • Jean-Pierre Gattuso • Wayne A. O’Connor • Sophie Martin • Hans-Otto Po¨rtner • Pauline M. Ross Received: 18 January 2013 / Accepted: 15 March 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Over the next century, elevated quantities of ecosystem services including habitat structure for benthic atmospheric CO2 are expected to penetrate into the oceans, organisms, water purification and a food source for other causing a reduction in pH (-0.3/-0.4 pH unit in the organisms. The effects of ocean acidification on the growth surface ocean) and in the concentration of carbonate ions and shell production by juvenile and adult shelled molluscs (so-called ocean acidification). Of growing concern are the are variable among species and even within the same impacts that this will have on marine and estuarine species, precluding the drawing of a general picture. This organisms and ecosystems. Marine shelled molluscs, which is, however, not the case for pteropods, with all species colonized a large latitudinal gradient and can be found tested so far, being negatively impacted by ocean acidifi- from intertidal to deep-sea habitats, are economically cation. The blood of shelled molluscs may exhibit lower and ecologically important species providing essential pH with consequences for several physiological processes (e.g. respiration, excretion, etc.) and, in some cases, increased mortality in the long term. While fertilization Communicated by S. Dupont. may remain unaffected by elevated pCO2, embryonic and Fre´de´ric Gazeau and Laura M. -
Ncipe (Ce); 17) S.A.S
COMUNICATO AI SENSI E PER GLI EFFETTI DELL’ART. 122 DEL D.LGS. 163/2006 e succ.modif. ed integr. Lavori di ristrutturazione di un edificio per la realizzazione di n. 13 unità immobiliari ad uso residenziale e n. 1 unità immobiliare ad uso ufficio, nel Comune di Livorno – Via Galilei, 11/13. Finanziamento: Regione Toscana – Delibera G.R. n. 320 del 15/3/2010 – Misura Straordinaria ed Urgente C. CIG: 25661104F5 – CUP: C43F10000020002 - A seguito di procedura aperta, con decisione n. 560/Supporto Organi e Direzione del 15/9/2011, l’appalto dei lavori è stato aggiudicato alla Società PASCUAL S.R.L. di Afragola (NA) , con il ribasso del 21,5440% sull’importo a base di gara di Euro 971.448,94 (+ Euro 27.492,00 per il costo della sicurezza non soggetto a ribasso). - Alla gara hanno partecipato le seguenti Ditte: 1) S.R.L. L. & G. IMPIANTI MALLARDO – AVERSA (CE); 2) S.R.L. EDIL GIFE - LUSCIANO (CE); 3) SOC. COOP. C.A.I.A.P. – PISTOIA; 4) S.R.L. EDILPOINT – PRATO; 5) S.R.L. PE.BA. COSTRUZIONI – FRATTAMINORE (NA); 6) S.R.L. PASCUAL - AFRAGOLA (NA); 7) IMPRESA EDILE DOLCECASA – GENOVA; 8) SOC. COOP. a R.L. GI.MI. – LUSCIANO (CE); 9) S.R.L. FINAMORE COSTRUZIONI – NAPOLI; 10) DITTA CAPONE SALVATORE - AFRAGOLA (NA); 11) S.N.C. IMPRESA EDILE EDILPIU' - SALVATERRA (RE); 12) S.R.L. C.E.G. COSTRUZIONI - ORTA DI ATELLA (CE); 13) S.R.L. FENAP OFFICINE RIUNITE - AGNANO (NA); 14) S.R.L. OPUS COSTRUZIONI – NAPOLI; 15) S.R.L. -
Fisheries Conservation and Vulnerable Ecosystems in the Mediterranean Open Seas, Including the Deep Seas
Fisheries conservation and vulnerable ecosystems in the Mediterranean open seas, including the deep seas Note : The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP and RAC/SPA concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in the present technical information document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect UNEP views. © 2010 United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) Boulevard du leader Yasser Arafat B.P.337 - 1080 Tunis CEDEX E-mail: [email protected] This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non- profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without permission in writing from UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA. For bibliographic purposes this volume should be cited as follows: UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA. 2010. Fisheries conservation and vulnerable ecosystems in the Mediterranean open seas, including the deep seas. By de Juan, S. and Lleonart, J. Ed. RAC/SPA, Tunis: 103pp. Cover photo credit: - Juan Cuetos This document should not be considered as an official United Nations document. -
Bankia Setacea Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Euheterodonta
Phylum: Mollusca Bankia setacea Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Euheterodonta Order: Imparidentia, Myida The northwest or feathery shipworm Family: Pholadoidea, Teredinidae, Bankiinae Taxonomy: The original binomen for Bankia the presence of long siphons. Members of setacea was Xylotrya setacea, described by the family Teredinidae are modified for and Tryon in 1863 (Turner 1966). William Leach distiguished by a wood-boring mode of life described several molluscan genera, includ- (Sipe et al. 2000), pallets at the siphon tips ing Xylotrya, but how his descriptions were (see Plate 394C, Coan and Valentich-Scott interpreted varied. Although Menke be- 2007) and distinct anterior shell indentation. lieved Xylotrya to be a member of the Phola- They are commonly called shipworms (though didae, Gray understood it as a member of they are not worms at all!) and bore into many the Terdinidae and synonyimized it with the wooden structures. The common name ship- genus Bankia, a genus designated by the worm is based on their vermiform morphology latter author in 1842. Most authors refer to and a shell that only covers the anterior body Bankia setacea (e.g. Kozloff 1993; Sipe et (Ricketts and Calvin 1952; see images in al. 2000; Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007; Turner 1966). Betcher et al. 2012; Borges et al. 2012; Da- Body: Bizarrely modified bivalve with re- vidson and de Rivera 2012), although one duced, sub-globular body. For internal anato- recent paper sites Xylotrya setacea (Siddall my, see Fig. 1, Canadian…; Fig. 1 Betcher et et al. 2009). Two additional known syno- al. 2012. nyms exist currently, including Bankia Color: osumiensis, B. -
Alborán Sea IMMA
Alborán Sea Important Marine Mammal Area - IMMA Description Criterion A – Species or Population Vulnerability Area Size The common dolphin Mediterranean 55,939 km 2 subpopulation is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This area Qualifying Species and Criteria has the largest concentration of the common Common dolphin - Delphinus delphis dolphin subpopulation within the whole Criterion A; B (ii); C (i, ii); D (i) Mediterranean, containing the large majority Common bottlenose dolphin - of the total population, both due to large Tursiops truncatus density of groups and due to very large group Criterion A; B (ii); C (i, ii); D (i) sizes, much larger than anywhere else in the Mediterranean. The most recent abundance Marine Mammal Diversity estimate of common dolphin is of 19,082 Criterion D (ii) (CV=4.7%) animals only in the northern third [Balaenoptera physalus, Globicephala melas, Orcinus orca, Grampus griseus, of the Alborán Sea with an extension to Physeter macrocephalus, Ziphius cavirostris, include the Alborán island. Stenella coeruleoalba ] The common bottlenose dolphin Summary Mediterranean subpopulation is listed as The Alborán Sea, the westernmost part of Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened the Mediterranean Sea, opens to the Species. The Alborán Sea also has large Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of concentrations of bottlenose dolphins, which Gibraltar, becoming a transition area between these two basins which have also present some of the largest group sizes in radically different oceanographic the Mediterranean. The latest estimate of characteristics. This transition area contains abundance of bottlenose dolphin in the important habitat for Endangered northern third of the Alborán Sea with an Mediterranean common dolphins extension to include the Alborán island is (Delphinus delphis ) and Vulnerable common 2,150 animals (CV=24.3). -
The Effects of Environment on Arctica Islandica Shell Formation and Architecture
Biogeosciences, 14, 1577–1591, 2017 www.biogeosciences.net/14/1577/2017/ doi:10.5194/bg-14-1577-2017 © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The effects of environment on Arctica islandica shell formation and architecture Stefania Milano1, Gernot Nehrke2, Alan D. Wanamaker Jr.3, Irene Ballesta-Artero4,5, Thomas Brey2, and Bernd R. Schöne1 1Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Joh.-J.-Becherweg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany 2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 3Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3212, USA 4Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands 5Department of Animal Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Correspondence to: Stefania Milano ([email protected]) Received: 27 October 2016 – Discussion started: 7 December 2016 Revised: 1 March 2017 – Accepted: 4 March 2017 – Published: 27 March 2017 Abstract. Mollusks record valuable information in their hard tribution, and (2) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was parts that reflect ambient environmental conditions. For this used to detect changes in microstructural organization. Our reason, shells can serve as excellent archives to reconstruct results indicate that A. islandica microstructure is not sen- past climate and environmental variability. However, animal sitive to changes in the food source and, likely, shell pig- physiology and biomineralization, which are often poorly un- ment are not altered by diet. However, seawater temperature derstood, can make the decoding of environmental signals had a statistically significant effect on the orientation of the a challenging task. -
CHAPTER 10 MOLLUSCS 10.1 a Significant Space A
PART file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ROBERT~1/Desktop/Z1010F~1/FINALS~1.HTM CHAPTER 10 MOLLUSCS 10.1 A Significant Space A. Evolved a fluid-filled space within the mesoderm, the coelom B. Efficient hydrostatic skeleton; room for networks of blood vessels, the alimentary canal, and associated organs. 10.2 Characteristics A. Phylum Mollusca 1. Contains nearly 75,000 living species and 35,000 fossil species. 2. They have a soft body. 3. They include chitons, tooth shells, snails, slugs, nudibranchs, sea butterflies, clams, mussels, oysters, squids, octopuses and nautiluses (Figure 10.1A-E). 4. Some may weigh 450 kg and some grow to 18 m long, but 80% are under 5 centimeters in size. 5. Shell collecting is a popular pastime. 6. Classes: Gastropoda (snails…), Bivalvia (clams, oysters…), Polyplacophora (chitons), Cephalopoda (squids, nautiluses, octopuses), Monoplacophora, Scaphopoda, Caudofoveata, and Solenogastres. B. Ecological Relationships 1. Molluscs are found from the tropics to the polar seas. 2. Most live in the sea as bottom feeders, burrowers, borers, grazers, carnivores, predators and filter feeders. 1. Fossil evidence indicates molluscs evolved in the sea; most have remained marine. 2. Some bivalves and gastropods moved to brackish and fresh water. 3. Only snails (gastropods) have successfully invaded the land; they are limited to moist, sheltered habitats with calcium in the soil. C. Economic Importance 1. Culturing of pearls and pearl buttons is an important industry. 2. Burrowing shipworms destroy wooden ships and wharves. 3. Snails and slugs are garden pests; some snails are intermediate hosts for parasites. D. Position in Animal Kingdom (see Inset, page 172) E. -
Embryonic and Larval Development of Ensis Arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) (Bivalvia: Pharidae)
EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF ENSIS ARCUATUS (JEFFREYS, 1865) (BIVALVIA: PHARIDAE) FIZ DA COSTA, SUSANA DARRIBA AND DOROTEA MARTI´NEZ-PATIN˜O Centro de Investigacio´ns Marin˜as, Consellerı´a de Pesca e Asuntos Marı´timos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 94, 27700 Ribadeo, Lugo, Spain (Received 5 December 2006; accepted 19 November 2007) ABSTRACT The razor clam Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) is distributed from Norway to Spain and along the British coast, where it lives buried in sand in low intertidal and subtidal areas. This work is the first study to research the embryology and larval development of this species of razor clam, using light and scanning electron microscopy. A new method, consisting of changing water levels using tide simulations with brief Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mollus/article/74/2/103/1161011 by guest on 23 September 2021 dry periods, was developed to induce spawning in this species. The blastula was the first motile stage and in the gastrula stage the vitelline coat was lost. The shell field appeared in the late gastrula. The trocho- phore developed by about 19 h post-fertilization (hpf) (198C). At 30 hpf the D-shaped larva showed a developed digestive system consisting of a mouth, a foregut, a digestive gland followed by an intestine and an anus. Larvae spontaneously settled after 20 days at a length of 378 mm. INTRODUCTION following families: Mytilidae (Redfearn, Chanley & Chanley, 1986; Fuller & Lutz, 1989; Bellolio, Toledo & Dupre´, 1996; Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) is the most abundant species of Hanyu et al., 2001), Ostreidae (Le Pennec & Coatanea, 1985; Pharidae in Spain. -
Marine Boring Bivalve Mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela
ISSN 0738-9388 247 Volume: 49 THE FESTIVUS ISSUE 3 Marine boring bivalve mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela Marcel Velásquez 1 1 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 43 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris, France; [email protected] Paul Valentich-Scott 2 2 Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, 93105, USA; [email protected] Juan Carlos Capelo 3 3 Estación de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita. Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Apartado 144 Porlama,. Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. ABSTRACT Marine endolithic and wood-boring bivalve mollusks living in rocks, corals, wood, and shells were surveyed on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela at Isla Margarita between 2004 and 2008. These surveys were supplemented with boring mollusk data from malacological collections in Venezuelan museums. A total of 571 individuals, corresponding to 3 orders, 4 families, 15 genera, and 20 species were identified and analyzed. The species with the widest distribution were: Leiosolenus aristatus which was found in 14 of the 24 localities, followed by Leiosolenus bisulcatus and Choristodon robustus, found in eight and six localities, respectively. The remaining species had low densities in the region, being collected in only one to four of the localities sampled. The total number of species reported here represents 68% of the boring mollusks that have been documented in Venezuelan coastal waters. This study represents the first work focused exclusively on the examination of the cryptofaunal mollusks of Isla Margarita, Venezuela. KEY WORDS Shipworms, cryptofauna, Teredinidae, Pholadidae, Gastrochaenidae, Mytilidae, Petricolidae, Margarita Island, Isla Margarita Venezuela, boring bivalves, endolithic. INTRODUCTION The lithophagans (Mytilidae) are among the Bivalve mollusks from a range of families have more recognized boring mollusks. -
List of Bivalve Molluscs from British Columbia, Canada
List of Bivalve Molluscs from British Columbia, Canada Compiled by Robert G. Forsyth Research Associate, Invertebrate Zoology, Royal BC Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2; [email protected] Rick M. Harbo Research Associate, Invertebrate Zoology, Royal BC Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria BC V8W 9W2; [email protected] Last revised: 11 October 2013 INTRODUCTION Classification rankings are constantly under debate and review. The higher classification utilized here follows Bieler et al. (2010). Another useful resource is the online World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS; Gofas 2013) where the traditional ranking of Pteriomorphia, Palaeoheterodonta and Heterodonta as subclasses is used. This list includes 237 bivalve species from marine and freshwater habitats of British Columbia, Canada. Marine species (206) are mostly derived from Coan et al. (2000) and Carlton (2007). Freshwater species (31) are from Clarke (1981). Common names of marine bivalves are from Coan et al. (2000), who adopted most names from Turgeon et al. (1998); common names of freshwater species are from Turgeon et al. (1998). Changes to names or additions to the fauna since these two publications are marked with footnotes. Marine groups are in black type, freshwater taxa are in blue. Introduced (non-indigenous) species are marked with an asterisk (*). Marine intertidal species (n=84) are noted with a dagger (†). Quayle (1960) published a BC Provincial Museum handbook, The Intertidal Bivalves of British Columbia. Harbo (1997; 2011) provided illustrations and descriptions of many of the bivalves found in British Columbia, including an identification guide for bivalve siphons and “shows”. Lamb & Hanby (2005) also illustrated many species. -
Molecular Phylogeny of the Bivalve Superfamily Galeommatoidea
Goto et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:172 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/172 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Molecular phylogeny of the bivalve superfamily Galeommatoidea (Heterodonta, Veneroida) reveals dynamic evolution of symbiotic lifestyle and interphylum host switching Ryutaro Goto1,2*, Atsushi Kawakita3, Hiroshi Ishikawa4, Yoichi Hamamura5 and Makoto Kato1 Abstract Background: Galeommatoidea is a superfamily of bivalves that exhibits remarkably diverse lifestyles. Many members of this group live attached to the body surface or inside the burrows of other marine invertebrates, including crustaceans, holothurians, echinoids, cnidarians, sipunculans and echiurans. These symbiotic species exhibit high host specificity, commensal interactions with hosts, and extreme morphological and behavioral adaptations to symbiotic life. Host specialization to various animal groups has likely played an important role in the evolution and diversification of this bivalve group. However, the evolutionary pathway that led to their ecological diversity is not well understood, in part because of their reduced and/or highly modified morphologies that have confounded traditional taxonomy. This study elucidates the taxonomy of the Galeommatoidea and their evolutionary history of symbiotic lifestyle based on a molecular phylogenic analysis of 33 galeommatoidean and five putative galeommatoidean species belonging to 27 genera and three families using two nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA) and a nuclear (histone H3) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) protein-coding genes. Results: Molecular phylogeny recovered six well-supported major clades within Galeommatoidea. Symbiotic species were found in all major clades, whereas free-living species were grouped into two major clades. Species symbiotic with crustaceans, holothurians, sipunculans, and echiurans were each found in multiple major clades, suggesting that host specialization to these animal groups occurred repeatedly in Galeommatoidea.