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Questionnaire Green Paper On QUESTIONNAIRE GREEN PAPER ON TERRITORIAL COHESION TURNING THE TERRITORIAL DIVERSITY A STRENGTH Name of the Regional Authority (NUTS III): Deputación Provincial de Ourense Representant (President/Chairman): José Luis Baltar Pumar Contact Office : Negociado de Desenvolvemento Local e Recursos Europeos Address: Rúa Progreso, 32 (32003 – Ourense (Galicia – España)) Contact Details (telephone, e-mail): +34 988 38 51 10, [email protected] RESPONSE TERRITORIAL COHESION GREEN PAPER INTRODUCTION: • The Provincial Council of Ourense (Deputación de Ourense) welcomes this consultation on territorial cohesion, and congratulates the European Commission for allowing us to participate and express our opinions. • The Provincial Council of Ourense (Deputación de Ourense) is a local government of supramunicipal level (NUTS III, the province is the Spanish equivalent to the French Départament, the Italian Provincia, the German Kreise or British Counties) with legal personality, which guarantees the principles solidarity and inter-balance within the frame of economic and social policies, and includes, among others, the following responsibilities and objectives: -Manage the various municipal services. -Provide technical assistance to all municipalities, especially those with fewer resources. -Provision of supramunicipal public services. -Manage and ensure the interests of the province and promote economic, social and cultural development. We would like to stress that: • The European Union has no competence over spatial planning. However, in Article 158 of the consolidated version of the treaty into force, dedicated to economic and social cohesion, the fact of "narrowing the gap between development levels among various regions and the backwardness of the least favored regions or islands, including rural areas” is established as a Community purpose. • Similarly we welcome the inclusion of territorial cohesion in the draft Treaty of Lisbon. However, this inclusion does not mean that the EU should have a new goal, but a territorial dimension is now added to the existing notion of economic and social cohesion. This will help to improve the implementation of the objective of cohesion throughout the EU, but it is by no means an increase in competition at the community level. 1 • From our point of view, it is important to note that within the NUTS II areas, in our case the Autonomous Community of Galicia, there are great inequalities in the internal development of the same. This is a really well established fact as show further below. • This is obviously not something that is only particular to Galicia, but it is necessary to distinguish the existence, in the same NUTS II region of two distinct realities: • Coastline areas (Atlantic provinces), which are the most densely populated (75% population and 42% of surface), urbanized and economically developed ones. • Interior Galicia, which maintains a largely rural population and a lower level of development, and much lower densities, especially in terms of population (e.g. the Province of Ourense has 3,648 villages and the vast majority of them have less than 2,000 inhabitants; the ageing rate in the province is an 207.3 while the average rate is 135.2, and we have an average age of 48.1 years-old, while the average one is 44.4 years-old, etc.) • There are significant developments in the convergence indicators for the Province of Ourense in recent years, though, these developments have been based primarily on demography (the Province of Ourense has lost 9,142 inhabitants in the years 2000- 2008). • We can also conclude that the convergence process of the Galician economy towards the European average has been accompanied by an increase in internal disparities (between the Atlantic provinces and the interior ones) in terms of income per capita. • It is in this province where aging and neglect of rural areas in the interior of Galicia is manifested with more intensity. The problems of aging (large number of aging, dependent population) as well as the wide dispersion of its population in many small villages are some of the major obstacles that make this province, as well as Galicia, be away of the goals of the Lisbon Strategy. • Therefore, the Province of Ourense is undoubtedly a very representative case of the challenges facing territorial cohesion throughout the EU. Ourense expects that the proposals contained in this contribution can become useful and hopes they can be taken into account in the future generation of European cohesion policy. José Luis Baltar Pumar Ourense, 18 February 2009 Presidente Deputación de Ourense 2 Detailed response to the questionnaire: 1. Definition Territorial cohesion brings new issues to the fore and puts a new emphasis on existing ones. –What is the most appropriate definition of territorial cohesion? –What additional elements would it bring to the current approach to economic and social cohesion as practiced by the European Union? • From the standpoint of the Provincial Council of Ourense (Deputación de Ourense), territorial cohesion is the balanced development for all territories, and the widespread access to a minimum level of general interest services to all citizens from those territories. • For the Provincial Council of Ourense (Deputación de Ourense), the ¨territory¨ should not only refer to strictly geographical terms, but also it must be a socio- economic, demographic, political and environmental cluster that exist in a given geographic area, so the concept of territorial cohesion should refer to all units and territorial levels within the European Union. • Cohesion must be a permanent objective of the EU, as the reduction of the great economic and social disparities of local, regional and national units, should not follow a pattern of seasonality, but it should be a permanent mechanism at European level. As the Committee of the Regions and the Regional Policy Commission of the European Parliament on territorial cohesion policy reports1 say, it is necessary to introduce partnership, additionality, complementarity and solidarity concepts, as well as the support points for the territorial cohesion. 1 Le Drian draft report, Vincenzi Opinion, conclusions of the CoR working group on cohesión and the Van Nistelrooij and Beaupuy Reports of the Regional Policy Commission of the European Parliament. 3 2. The scale and scope of territorial action Territorial cohesion highlights the need for an integrated approach to addressing problems on an appropriate geographical scale which may require local, regional and even national authorities to cooperate. –Is there a role for the EU in promoting territorial cohesion? How could such a role be defined against the background of the principle of subsidiarity? –Do areas with specific geographical features require special policy measures? If so, which measures? • The depopulation challenge in the Province of Ourense is one example of the need for an integrated approach between levels of government. For example: negative demographic trends in many rural areas, as in the case of the province of Ourense, mean that capabilities and resources need to be reinforced by the European Union and concentrated at the local level. Therefore the EU has to provide permanent institutional mechanisms for cooperation between European institutions, member states and regional and local authorities to work together and put policies in order to ensure territorial cohesion to ensure the polycentric development of the EU and its social, economic, environmental and cultural sustainability. • Of course, in no way this role of the EU support means an extension of the powers which are already explicitly recognized in the existing treaties, as well as in the draft Treaty of Lisbon. • Continuing with this example, and respect of the territorial scale issue, we note that the depopulation mostly affects weak infrastructure areas -in the case of Galicia, the territories of interior areas with low connectivity and low accessibility- so it is necessary to develop policies that allow the people to stay in those specific infraregional areas, especially those policies that encourage job creation in these areas to prevent their conversion into demographic and economic deserts because of migration of their assets to the cities and more developed areas (rural exodus). 4 Areas threatened by the depopulation in Galicia (NUTS II): Maximum gravity Source: Strategic Plan of Economic Development of Galicia 2000-2006 (PEDEGA) 5 Areas threatened by the depopulation in Galicia (NUTS III): Demographic potential minimum Source: Strategic Plan of Economic Development of Galicia 2000-2006 (PEDEGA) 6 • The Provincial Council of Ourense (Deputación de Ourense) believes that areas with specific geographical features should receive particular attention by the EU, as the province of Ourense scores very highly in any indicator of mountain, rural and border zones under the threat of depopulation. The Provincial Council of Ourense would like to stress that our province has all these specific geographical characteristics and therefore argues that Ourense has a focus on the future policy of territorial cohesion. • Therefore, all these factors in all their diversity should be considered to have a EU- wide snapshot of the true state of the territorial cohesion across the EU regions. • The EU funds should be granted not only based on the existence of a geographical territory, but it should be granted taking into account the challenges (and potential) economic and social consequences of that area. 3.
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