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Chronologie 2013 Chronologie 2013 www.reiner-bernstein.de 1 – Chronologie 2013 Chronologie 2013 Dezember 2013 31.12.2013: In 172 Fällen sollen im abgelaufenen Jahr israelische Unternehmen aus der Technologie- und Sicherheitsbranche das einschlägige Ausfuhrgesetz („Defense Export Control Law“) in strafrechtlich relevanter Weise verletzt haben 1. Im letzten Augenblick zieht die Stadtverwaltung Jerusalem die Planungen für den Bau einer neun Stockwerke hohen Talmud- Thora-Schule („Yeshiva“) im Ost-Jerusalem Stadtteil Sheikh Jarrach schräg gegenüber dem „American Colony Hotel“ und neben der Tankstelle zurück, um die bevorstehenden Gespräche zwischen US-Außenminister John Kerry und Ministerpräsident Benjamin Netanjahu nicht zusätzlich zu belasten. Die Schule mit Namen „Or Sameach (Licht der Freude)“ sollte vor allem junge Juden aufnehmen, die religiös geworden sind. Erstmals in der Geschichte Israels überweist das Religionsministerium 86.455 US-Dollar für die Gehaltszahlung von vier Reformrabbinern 2. Peter Münch meldet aus Tel Aviv, hat die Zahl der Einwohner Israels erstmals die 8-Millionen-Hürde durch die Einwanderung von 19.200 Juden genommen. Besonders war die Zahl der Einwanderer aus Frankreich mit 3.120 Personen, während aus Deutschland lediglich 130 Juden nach Israel emigrierten. Die größte jüdische Gemeinschaft in Frankreich beträgt mehr als 500.000. In derselben 1 Gili Cohen: Dozens of Israeli defense firms suspected of export violations, in „Haaretz” 31.12.2013, S. 1. 2 Yair Ettinger: State pays Reform rabbis’ salary for first time in Israeli history, in „Haaretz” 31.12.2013, S. 1 f. www.reiner-bernstein.de 2 – Chronologie 2013 Ausgabe der „Süddeutschen Zeitung“ berichtet Sonja Zekri über den „Klub der palästinensischen Ritter“ in der Nähe des Flüchtlingslagers Djebaliya im Norden des Gazastreifens . Zu den etwa 200 „Rittern“ – wohlhabende Geschäftsleute – mit 50 bestens gepflegten Pferden, die aus Israel „importiert“ worden seien, würden auch viele Frauen gehören 3. Der jordanisch-palästinensische Journalist Mudar Zahran, der für die „Jerusalem Post“ sowie für die australische und US-amerikanische Botschaft in Amman gearbeitet hat, ist von einem jordanischen Gericht angeklagt worden, zum Aufruhr aufgerufen und das Image Jordaniens beschädigt zu haben. 29.12.2013: Auf der wöchentlichen Kabinettssitzung in Jerusalem sprechen sich alle „Likud“-Minister für eine Gesetzesvorlage aus, auf die jüdischen Siedlungen im Jordantal das Zivilrecht zu übertragen, ein erster Schritt auf dem Weg zur Annexion. Ministerpräsident Benjamin Netanjahu warnt seine Kollegen vor der Zustimmung zu dieser Vorlage. Justizministerin Tsipi Livni kündigt an, dass sie eine Abstimmung in der Knesset verhindern werde 4. Am 30. Dezember beruhigt Netanjahu seine Partei: Israel sei nicht verpflichtet, die Vorschläge Kerrys zu unterschreiben. Als Reaktion auf die geplante Annexion des Jordantals beschließt die Autonomiebehörde am 30. Dezember ein Investitionsprogramm in Höhe von 4,32 Millionen US- Dollar für infrastrukturelle und landwirtschaftliche Projekte 5. 3 Peter Münch: Ein neuer Exodus?, in „Haaretz” 31.12.2013, S. 1; Sonja Zekri: Klub der Ritter, in SZ 31.12.2013, S. 8. 4 Jonathan Lis: Ministers vote to extend civil law to Jordan Valley settlements, in „Haaretz” 30.12.2013, S. 1. 5 Jack Khoury: PA meets in Jordan Valley in response to annexation declaration, in „Haaretz” 31.12.2013, S. 1. www.reiner-bernstein.de 3 – Chronologie 2013 Nach libanesischen Medienberichten sind im Dezember allein in der syrischen Provinz Aleppo mindestens 517 Menschen getötet worden. Am 30. Dezember verlangt die „UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) Zugang zum palästinensischen Flüchtlingslager Yarmouk, in dem vor Ausbruch des Bürgerkrieges 160.000 Bewohnern lebten, weil dort erneut 5 Palästinenser an Unterernährung starben. Der gesamte Bezirk im Süden von Damaskus ist von der syrischen Armee eingekesselt. Nach Angaben des UN-Flüchtlingshilfswerks (UNHCR) werde im kommenden Jahr in Jordanien die Zahl der syrischen Flüchtlinge von gegenwärtig über 500.000 um weitere 200.000 steigen. Für die Bereitstellung grundlegender Bedürfnisse – so Wasser, Abwasser und Gesundheit – würden rund 980 Millionen US-Dollar gebraucht. Im Lande leben außerdem rund 800.000 palästinensische Flüchtlinge 6. Der libanesische Staatspräsident Michel Suleiman verkündet, dass Saudi-Arabien 3 Milliarden US-Dollar zur Verfügung gestellt habe, damit Libanon französische Waffen kaufen könne 7. 28.12.2013: Bei einem tödlichen Bombenattentat werden in Beirut ein enger Vertrauter des früheren Ministerpräsidenten und heute im Exil in Qatar lebenden Saad Hariri und 5 weitere Personen getötet. Der Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Mohamed Shatah, der auch einst Finanzminister war und als Diplomat in Washington diente, hatte mehrfach gegen die „Hisbollah“ Stellung bezogen, zuletzt kurz vor seinem Tode. Ein Sprecher der „Partei Gottes“ weist den Vorwurf zurück. Bei der Beerdigung Shatahs am 29. Dezember verspricht der 6 Amjad Yamin: Jordan third largest refugee host worldwide - UNCHR, in „The Jordan Times” 31.12.2013. 7 Sleiman announces $3B Saudi grant for Army, in „The Daily Star” (Beirut) 30.12.2013. www.reiner-bernstein.de 4 – Chronologie 2013 frühere Ministerpräsident Fouad Siniora, dass die „Koalition des 14 März“ auf friedlichem und demokratischem Wege das Land von der Besetzung durch die „Hisbollah“ befreien werde 8. Der jordanische Tourismusminister Nidal Qatamin besucht in Begleitung seiner palästinensischen Amtskollegin Rola Maayya das „Noble Heiligtum“ („Tempelberg“) in der Jerusalemer Altstadt und fordert alle Muslime und Christen zum Besuch der Stadt auf, um die israelische Kontrolle zu brechen. 27.12.2013: Der türkische Ministerpräsident Recep Tayyib Erdo ğan entlässt 10 seiner 16 Minister, darunter den Innen-, Wirtschafts- und Umweltminister, gegen die öffentlich schwere Korruptionsvorwürfe bei der Ausschreibung von Bauprojekten erhoben worden sind. Zu den Beschuldigten gehört auch Erdo ğans Sohn Bilal. Außerdem werden führende Staatsanwälte und Polizeioffiziere abgezogen, die für die Aufdeckung der Skandale verantwortlich gemacht werden. Erdo ğan selbst zieht die nationalistische Karte und spricht von einem „dreckigen Komplott“, das von den USA, Israel und der „Zinslobby“ – eine typisch antijüdische Umschreibung – und von dem in den USA lebenden islamistischen Prediger Fetullah Gülen inszeniert worden sei. In Erdo ğans „Partei für Gerechtigkeit und Entwicklung (AKP)“ regt sich Widerstand gegen den Ministerpräsidenten. Der Vorsitzende des Auswärtigen Ausschusses im Europäischen Parlament Elmar Brok glaubt in einem Interview mit dem „Deutschlandfunk“ am 28. Dezember, dass Erdo ğan seinen politischen Zenit überschritten habe. Die Börse reagiert mit einem Währungsverfall der türkischen Lira. 8 Hussein Dakroub, Dana Khraiche: March 14 vows to ‘liberate’ Lebanon, in „The Daily Star” (Beirut) 30.12.2013. www.reiner-bernstein.de 5 – Chronologie 2013 Das ägyptische Militär erklärt die Moslembruderschaft zur Terrororganisation, nachdem sie für den Anschlag in Mansoura verantwortlich gemacht worden ist, obwohl sie ihn bestreitet. Der ehemalige Außenminister Hisham Qandil sieht Ägypten in einem „offenen Krieg mit den Moslembrüdern“. In mehreren Teilen des Landes kommt es am 28. Dezember zu Zusammenstößen zwischen Moslembrüdern und Sicherheitskräften. Ihre Führung ruft ihre Anhänger zu einer „Woche des Zorns“ auf. Am selben Tag kommt ein Student, der den Moslembrüdern nahestehen soll, auf dem „Al- Azhar“-Universitätsgelände ums Leben, fünf weitere sterben in anderen Regierungsbezirken Ägyptens. Nach einem Bericht der palästinensischen Nachrichtenagentur WAFA haben Führungsmitglieder der PLO in einer Rundfunksendung „Hamas“ aufgefordert, ihre Beziehungen zur ägyptischen Moslembruderschaft zu kappen. 26.12.2013: Bei seinem Auftritt vor rund 200 Geschäftsleuten kritisiert Israels Verteidigungsminister MosheYaalon den US-amerikanischen Außenminister John Kerry für dessen Absicht, bis Ende Januar 2014 den Rahmen für ein Friedensabkommen erarbeiten zu lassen. Nach den Worten Yaalons gibt es auf der palästinensischen Seite keinen Partner dafür. Bereits am 02. Januar 2014 wird Kerry erneut in Jerusalem und Ramallah erwartet. Das Bundesinstitut für biologische Analysen in Moskau gibt bekannt, dass es für eine Vergiftung Yasser Arafats keine Anhaltspunkte gebe, sondern dass er eines natürlichen Todes gestorben sei 9. 9 Vgl. zuletzt die Eintragung am 15.10.2013 in dieser Zeitleiste. www.reiner-bernstein.de 6 – Chronologie 2013 25.12.2013: Nach der dritten Runde der Entlassung von 26 palästinensischen Häftlingen – zu denen niemand aus Ost- Jerusalem oder mit israelischer Staatsbürgerschaft gehört – am 29. Dezember in die Westbank und in den Gazastreifen wird erwartet, dass Ministerpräsident Benjamin Netanjahu die Ausschreibung neuer Wohneinheiten in der Westbank bekanntgibt, meldet „Haaretz“. Der palästinensische Chefdiplomat Saeb Erakat warnt, dass die Autonomiebehörde in diesem Fall die Mitgliedschaft in 63 internationalen Organisationen, so dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof in Den Haag, beantragen werde. Nach einer Freilassung sitzen noch 53 Häftlinge in Israel ein. Am 27. Dezember bestätigt der Militärhörfunk „Galei Tsahal“, dass 800 neue Wohneinheiten in der Westbank und 600 in Ost-Jerusalem gebaut werden sollen 10 . „Haaretz“ meldet am 30. Dezember, dass die Europäische Union gegen die Siedlungspläne protestiert habe. Am 01. Januar 2014 bittet Netanjahu seinen Wohnungsbauminister Uri Ariel darum, die weiteren Bauplanungen zu verschieben, bis US-
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