•Key Anti-Castro Terrorists Named •Why Is Washington Doingnothing?
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The 1970S: Pluralization, Radicalization, and Homeland
ch4.qxd 10/11/1999 10:10 AM Page 84 CHAPTER 4 The 1970s: Pluralization, Radicalization, and Homeland As hopes of returning to Cuba faded, Cuban exiles became more con- cerned with life in the United States. Exile-related struggles were put on the back burner as more immediate immigrant issues emerged, such as the search for better jobs, education, and housing. Class divisions sharpened, and advocacy groups seeking improved social services emerged, including, for example, the Cuban National Planning Council, a group of Miami social workers and businesspeople formed in the early 1970s. As an orga- nization that provided services to needy exiles, this group de‹ed the pre- vailing notion that all exiles had made it in the United States. Life in the United States created new needs and interests that could only be resolved, at least in part, by entering the domestic political arena. Although there had always been ideological diversity within the Cuban émigré community, it was not until the 1970s that the political spec- trum ‹nally began to re›ect this outwardly.1 Two sharply divided camps emerged: exile oriented (focused on overthrowing the Cuban revolution- ary government) and immigrant oriented (focused on improving life in the United States). Those groups that were not preoccupied with the Cuban revolution met with hostility from those that were. Exile leaders felt threat- ened by organized activities that could be interpreted as an abandonment of the exile cause. For example, in 1974 a group of Cuban exile researchers conducted an extensive needs assessment of Cubans in the United States and concluded that particular sectors, such as the elderly and newly arrived immigrants, were in need of special intervention.2 When their ‹ndings were publicized, they were accused of betraying the community because of their concern with immigrant problems rather than the over- throw of the revolution. -
Diaspora and Deadlock, Miami and Havana: Coming to Terms with Dreams and Dogmas Francisco Valdes University of Miami School of Law, [email protected]
University of Miami Law School University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository Articles Faculty and Deans 2003 Diaspora and Deadlock, Miami and Havana: Coming to Terms With Dreams and Dogmas Francisco Valdes University of Miami School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/fac_articles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Francisco Valdes, Diaspora and Deadlock, Miami and Havana: Coming to Terms With Dreams and Dogmas, 55 Fla.L.Rev. 283 (2003). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty and Deans at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIASPORA AND DEADLOCK, MIAMI AND HAVANA: COMING TO TERMS WITH DREAMS AND DOGMAS Francisco Valdes* I. INTRODUCTION ............................. 283 A. Division and Corruption:Dueling Elites, the Battle of the Straits ...................................... 287 B. Arrogation and Class Distinctions: The Politics of Tyranny and Money ................................. 297 C. Global Circus, Domestic Division: Cubans as Sport and Spectacle ...................................... 300 D. Time and Imagination: Toward the Denied .............. 305 E. Broken Promisesand Bottom Lines: Human Rights, Cuban Rights ...................................... 310 F. Reconciliationand Reconstruction: Five LatCrit Exhortations ...................................... 313 II. CONCLUSION .......................................... 317 I. INTRODUCTION The low-key arrival of Elian Gonzalez in Miami on Thanksgiving Day 1999,1 and the custody-immigration controversy that then ensued shortly afterward,2 transfixed not only Miami and Havana but also the entire * Professor of Law and Co-Director, Center for Hispanic & Caribbean Legal Studies, University of Miami. -
Redalyc.Myths About Cuba
História: Debates e Tendências ISSN: 1517-2856 [email protected] Universidade de Passo Fundo Brasil Domínguez, Francisco Myths about Cuba História: Debates e Tendências, vol. 10, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2010, pp. 9-34 Universidade de Passo Fundo Passo Fundo, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=552456400004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Myths about Cuba Francisco Domínguez * Abstract His article aims at deconstructing Cuba is not perfect. Blocaded and sub- this fallacious though no less powerful jected to the unrelenting harassment mythology that has been constructed and aggression by the most powerful about Cuban reality, not an easy task military machine of the history of hu- that sometimes reminds us of Thomas manity for five decades cannot avoid Carlyle biographer of Oliver Cromwell, suffering from deficiencies, shortages, who said he “had to drag out the Lord distortions, inefficiencies and other di- Protector from under a mountain of fficulties. However, since literally 1959, dead dogs, a huge load of calumny.” the Cuban revolution has been subjec- All proportions guarded, it must have ted to a defamation campaign that has been much easier for Carlyle to remo- managed to embed a demonized de- ve the mountain of dead dogs from the piction of her reality in the brains of memory of Cromwell that to undo the millions of innocent consumers of mass infinite torrent of calumnies that falls media “information”. -
Thesis US Cuba.Pdf
BEING SUCCESSFULLY NASTY: THE UNITED STATES, CUBA AND STATE SPONSORED TERRORISM, 1959-1976 by ROBERT G. DOUGLAS B.A., University of Victoria, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History © Robert Grant Douglas, 2008 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. BEING SUCCESSFULLY NASTY: THE UNITED STATES, CUBA AND STATE SPONSORED TERRORISM, 1959-1976 by ROBERT G. DOUGLAS B.A., University of Victoria, 2005 Supervisory Committee Dr. Jason Colby (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Jordan Stanger-Ross (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Michelle Bonner (Department of Political Science) Outside Member ii Supervisory Committee Dr. Jason Colby (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Jordan Stanger-Ross (Department of History) Departmental Member Dr. Michelle Bonner (Department of Political Science) Outside Member Abstract Despite being the global leader in the “war on terror,” the United States has been accused of sponsoring terrorism against Cuba. The following study assesses these charges. After establishing a definition of terrorism, it examines U.S.-Cuban relations from 1808 to 1958, arguing that the United States has historically employed violence in its efforts to control Cuba. U.S. leaders maintained this approach even after the Cuban Revolution: months after Fidel Castro‟s guerrilla army took power, Washington began organizing Cuban exiles to carry out terrorist attacks against the island, and continued to support and tolerate such activities until the 1970s, culminating in what was the hemisphere‟s most lethal act of airline terrorism before 9/11. -
NY-Times-Magazine-1-4-1981.Pdf
FIGHTING CASTRO FROM EXILE By R. Bruce McColm and Francis X. Maier New York Times (1923-Current file); Jan 4, 1981; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851-2009) pg. SM7 By R. Bruce McColm and Francis X. Maier ast September, FtHix Garcia Rodriguez, an attache to the Cuban Mission to the United Nations, was killed by a sniper while driving in rush·hour traffic through the Woodside section of Queens. Credit for his murder, the first assassi· nation of a United Nations diplomat in the U.N.'s 35-year history, was immedi· ately claimed by the Cuban exile terror· ist group Omega 7. The killing of Rodriguez was not an isolated act 01 terror. Since 1976. Omega 7 has carried out more than 40 bombings of Cuban airline offices. diplo matic missions, press agencies and businesses. The group has been linked by law-enforcement officials to at least 10 murders since 1973. Last year, Omega 7 made repeated attempts to bomb the Cuban Mission to the United Nations. On March 25, 1980, after an abortive plot to plant plastic explosives in the Iimou· sine of Raul Roo, the chief Cuban delegate to the United Nations, the group vowed, In a letter to The Hudson Dispatch, to continue Its assassination ef· forts until It succeeded. Omega 7 is the most extreme element in a clandes tine war being waged by small groups of anti·Castro exiles. This war takes many forms, from the bomb ing of Cuban embassies and the murder of alleged Cuban intelligence agents both here and abroad. -
Visual Culture and Us-Cuban Relations, 1945-2000
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 9-10-2010 INTIMATE ENEMIES: VISUAL CULTURE AND U.S.-CUBAN RELATIONS, 1945-2000 Blair Woodard Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Recommended Citation Woodard, Blair. "INTIMATE ENEMIES: VISUAL CULTURE AND U.S.-CUBAN RELATIONS, 1945-2000." (2010). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/87 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTIMATE ENEMIES: VISUAL CULTURE AND U.S.-CUBAN RELATIONS, 1945-2000 BY BLAIR DEWITT WOODARD B.A., History, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1992 M.A., Latin American Studies, University of New Mexico, 2001 M.C.R.P., Planning, University of New Mexico, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2010 © 2010, Blair D. Woodard iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writing of my dissertation has given me the opportunity to meet and work with a multitude of people to whom I owe a debt of gratitude while completing this journey. First and foremost, I wish to thank the members of my committee Linda Hall, Ferenc Szasz, Jason Scott Smith, and Alyosha Goldstein. All of my committee members have provided me with countless insights, continuous support, and encouragement throughout the writing of this dissertation and my time at the University of New Mexico. -
UNIVERSITY of MIAMI CUBAN EXILE NATIONALISM by Orlando
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI CUBAN EXILE NATIONALISM By Orlando Gutierrez-Boronat A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Miami in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Coral Gables, Florida June 2005 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3177070 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3177070 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy CUBAN EXILE NATIONALISM Orlando Gutierrez-Boronat Approved: 7 ~ Dr. Jaime Suchlicki Dr. Steven G. Ullmann Dean of the Graduate School ~~ert'anet 2.~.j- Committee Member Professor of Education Prof~ssor of Int.ernational / ~tud[es) !\ rll \ aciella Cruz Taura ~~~~ Outside Member Committee Member Professor of History Professor of International Studies Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
An Ethnomusicological Study of the Policies and Aspirations for US
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2014 Beyond the Blockade: An Ethnomusicological Study of the Policies and Aspirations for U.S.-Cuban Musical Interaction Timothy P. Storhoff Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC BEYOND THE BLOCKADE: AN ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE POLICIES AND ASPIRATIONS FOR U.S.-CUBAN MUSICAL INTERACTION By TIMOTHY P. STORHOFF A Dissertation submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2014 Timothy Storhoff defended this dissertation on April 2, 2014. The members of the supervisory committee were: Frank Gunderson Professor Directing Dissertation José Gomáriz University Representative Michael B. Bakan Committee Member Denise Von Glahn Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To Mom and Dad, for always encouraging me to write and perform. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was made possible through the support, assistance and encouragement of numerous individuals. I am particularly grateful to my advisor, Frank Gunderson, and my dissertation committee members, Michael Bakan, Denise Von Glahn and José Gomáriz. Along with the rest of the FSU Musicology faculty, they have helped me refine my ideas and ask the right questions while exemplifying the qualities required of outstanding educators and scholars. From the beginning of my coursework through the completion of my dissertation, I could not have asked for a finer community of colleagues, musicians and scholars than the musicologists at the Florida State University. -
1 an Unseen Truth 1
Notes 1 An Unseen Truth 1. Geoffrey R. Stone, Perilous Times, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, 2004, p. 419. 2. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/newsack:/releases/2001/09 /20010920–8.html. 3. Paul K. Davis, Besieged, 100 Great Sieges From Jericho to Sarajevo, Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. 4. It led the then US secretary of state Madeline Albright to say the death of 500,000 Iraqi children as result of sanctions was “worth it.” John Pilger, “Squeezed to Death,” Guardian, March 4, 2000. 5. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/us/politics/24immig.html. 6. FOX hypes stories to claim “Christmas Under Siege”: http://mediamatters. org/research/200412100006 (December 10, 2004). 7. Charlie Savage, Democratic Senators Issue Strong Warning about Use of the Patriot Act, March 16, 2012. 8. www.wired.com/dangeroom2011/07. 9. www.dhs.gov/xabout/laws/law_regulation_rule_0011.shtm. 10. Found in the former President’s autobiography, Decision Points, Crown Publishing, 2010. 11. Weekly Standard, December 5, 2005. 12. http://news.antiwar.com/2011/03/07/obama-approves-indefinite-detention- without-trial/. 13. Janine Jackson, “Whistling Past the Wreckage of Civil Liberties,” Extra, September 2011, p. 13. 14. Chris Anders, Senators Demand the Military Lock Up of American Citizens in a “Battlefield” They Define as Being Right Outside Your Window://www.aclu .org/ (November 2011). 15. http://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/president-obama-signs- indefinite-detention-law. A New York judge tried to block the legislation in June 2012. Susan Madrak, Federal Judge Blocks NDAA Indefinite Detention, Crooks and Liars. -
From Neocolony to State of Siege the History of US Policy Toward Cuba JANE FRANKLIN Control of Cuba to the US Government
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Resist Newsletters Resist Collection 8-30-2001 Resist Newsletter, July-Aug 2001 Resist Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/resistnewsletter Recommended Citation Resist, "Resist Newsletter, July-Aug 2001" (2001). Resist Newsletters. 334. https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/resistnewsletter/334 Inside: Organizing for New US/Cuba Policy ISSN0897-2613 • Vol.10#6 A Call to Resist Illegitimate Authority July/August 2001 From Neocolony to State of Siege The History of US Policy Toward Cuba JANE FRANKLIN control of Cuba to the US government. Cuba converted from a colony of Spain to soon as the 13 colonies won in a neocolony of the United States. Among dependence from the British em its dictates, the Platt Amendment provided A: ire, the United States began its that the United States could intervene mili own march toward empire. In 1808, Presi tarily at any time and could maintain ports dent Thomas Jefferson tried to buy Cuba on the island. This amendment was abro from Spain. A year later, he wrote to his gated in 1934 except for the US naval sta successor, James Madison, that with the tion at Guantanamo, which remains. addition of Cuba and Canada "we should US-approved elections led to US-ap have such an empire for liberty as she has CADCIDD proved repression. US troops occupied never surveyed since the creation." Cuba again from 1906 until 1909 and peri By 1823, having acquired Florida from PRDTESTA odically sent troops to help quell rebellion. Spain a few years earlier, the United States encuentro agosto 1367 casa de las amencas/ cuba In 1940 the Cuban people created a new had expanded to within 90 miles of Cuba. -
Diplomacy and Human Migration: a History of U.S. Relations with Cuba During the Late Cold War DISSERTATION Presented in Partial
Diplomacy and Human Migration: A History of U.S. Relations with Cuba during the Late Cold War DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hideaki Kami Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Professor Robert J. McMahon, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn, Co-adviser Professor Stephanie J. Smith Copyright by Hideaki Kami 2015 Abstract This dissertation analyzes U.S.-Cuban relations by focusing on the interaction of diplomacy and human migration during the late Cold War years. It explores how the U.S. government reformulated its Cuban policy in light of Fidel Castro’s institutionalization of power while, at the same time, trying to build a new relationship with the Cuban- American community as the latter forged a new, politically mobilized constituency within U.S. society. Based on historical sources from the United States, Cuba, and other countries, I argue that the triangular relations among Washington, Havana, and Miami formidably reinforced the status quo. As hundreds of thousands of Cuban-Americans participated in U.S. politics in the hope of toppling the Castro regime, the U.S. government could no longer dismiss their concerns as completely alien to the national interest. But while committing to “freedom” in Cuba in their public statements, U.S. policy-makers in fact placed a higher priority on stability in the Caribbean Sea; they collaborated with the Cuban government to prevent migration crises such as the 1980 Mariel boatlift, one of the largest and most traumatic in modern U.S. -
Keeping Things in Perspective: Cuba and the Question of International Terrorism
Keeping things in perspective: Cuba and the question of international terrorism “For almost 40 years, we have isolated Cuba on the assumption that the tiny island is a center of terrorism in the hemisphere, and year after year we gain new evidence that it is the U.S. that has terrorized Cuba and not the other way around.”—Robert Scheer, The Los Angeles Times, July 14, 19981 By Anya K. Landau and Wayne S. Smith November 20, 2001 Since the heinous terrorist attacks on the World supporting insurgencies abroad, its weaponry is Trade Center and Pentagon this past September 11, obsolete and U.S. national security demands that we there has been a concerted effort on the part of hard- have reliable intelligence communications with our line Cuban exiles in Miami and their political allies closest neighbors. in Washington to describe Cuba as part of an The Cubans are cooperating in drug interdiction international terrorist network and to suggest that the and immigration issues and have offered to United States must act against Castro as part of its cooperate in the international effort to eradicate response to the September 11 attacks. terrorism. Trying to link Castro to international It is unfortunate that these groups would try to terrorist activities without hard evidence merely take advantage of the September 11 tragedy to detracts from the effort to come to grips with the real advance their own narrow anti-Castro agenda, threats. Now that the Cuban government has pledged during a time when U.S. foreign policy most full support for United Nations initiatives to requires cooperation with all nations willing to work eradicate terrorism, we should engage it, just as we with us in the struggle against terrorism.