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Options to Promote Effectiveness of Formal Institutions in Water Resources Management in Lake Victoria Basin: a Case Study of Ukerewe District, Mwanza, Tanzania

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Options to Promote Effectiveness of Formal Institutions in Water Resources Management in Lake Victoria Basin: a Case Study of Ukerewe District, Mwanza, Tanzania The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Social Sciences Master Dissertations 2013 Options to promote effectiveness of formal institutions in water resources management in lake Victoria basin: a case study of Ukerewe district, Mwanza, Tanzania. Linuma, Oswin F. The University of Dodoma Linuma, O. F. (2013). Options to promote effectiveness of formal institutions in water resources management in lake Victoria basin: a case study of Ukerewe district, Mwanza, Tanzania. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/1282 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. OPTIONS TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVENESS OF FORMAL INSTITUTIONS IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN LAKE VICTORIA BASIN: A CASE STUDY OF UKEREWE DISTRICT, MWANZA, TANZANIA. Oswin Filbert Linuma A Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Development Studies of the University of Dodoma The University of Dodoma October, 2013 CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that has read and here recommends for acceptance by the University of Dodoma a Dissertation titled, “Options to Promote Effectiveness of Formal Institutions in Water Resources Management in Lake Victoria Basin: A Case Study of Ukerewe District, Mwanza, Tanzania” in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Development Studies of the University of Dodoma. …………………………………………………………. Dr. Albino J. M Tenge (Supervisor) Date …………. i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Linuma, Oswin .F, declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other university for a similar or any other degree award. Signature ………………………………………………… No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to my supervisor Dr. Albino. J. M Tenge for his comments, guidance and encouragement during the process of writing this dissertation. I know if it was not him this work would not have been reached this stage. I appreciate greatly the financial support from VicRes through the project “ICT and Adaptation to Climate Change: Innovative and Integrated Solutions to Address Challenges of Water Resources Governance within Lake Victoria Basin” for sponsoring this research; I appreciate greatly the contribution. This dissertation is a result of collaborative efforts of various people and institutions. I thank District Executive Director of Ukerewe Dr. Leonard M. Massale, District Fishery Officer Mr. Evarist Ngoyi, District Environmental Officer Mr. Songora J.K.N; Village chairpersons of Nansio, Kakerege, Mtoni and Muluseni, Head of Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Prof. Abiud Kaswamila and Dr Rehema kilonzo of Department of Development Studies of the University of Dodoma who spent their time out of their busy schedule and contributed to my dissertation. Without their response, this study would not have been completed. Also I express thanks to all the lecturers in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at the University of Dodoma for their encouragement during the process of developing this work. Lastly but not least, I express my deep appreciation to Miss Beatrice Petro for her advice and technical support. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my lovely wife Niwael Gabriel Mussa and my children Casillas and Miller for their consistent support and encouragement during the whole duration of my studies at the University of Dodoma. To them I would say that ―We have finally made it, to God be the glory‖. iv ABSTRACT This study aimed at assessing options to promote effectiveness of formal institutions in water resources management in LVB: - Using Ukerewe district as a case study. It focused on identifying types of formal institutions related to water resources management in LVB, examined strategies used for water resources management and identified the possible strategies to improve water resources management. The study used interview, Focus Group Discussion, observation and Documentary reviews as data collecting methods. A total of 110 households were randomly and purposively sampled for this study from four villages in Ukerewe district. Collected data was descriptive analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage and cross tabulation using of SPSS computer package. The study revealed that, there is water resources degradation, where by 84% of households indicated that LVB water resources is at a great risk of disappearing as it has been degraded due to fishing and agricultural activities. The findings revealed four governmental and five Non-Governmental institutions which are involved in water resources management in LVB. Strategies used in water resources management are training in the form of workshop (30%), policy, projects, research, laws, regulations, by laws and advice. Options to improve water resources management include subsidies on fishing tools, micro credit schemes, prevention of illegal fishing, fighting corruption, capacity building, technology and provision of awareness education. The study concludes that local people are key and important stakeholders for effective and sound management of the water resources. The study recommends that Government and NGOs should continue to provide education, micro credit schemes, fighting corruption and improve coordination of activities in water resources management in LVB. There is a need for research on indigenous knowledge in water resources management in LVB and other areas with similar problem. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................. i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT ............................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xi LIST OF PLATES ......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................... xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATION .......................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1 1.1 Background Information ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ............................................................................................ 2 1.3 Objectives of the study ................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 General objective ..................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Specific objectives ................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Significance of the study ............................................................................................. 4 1.6 Conceptual framework ................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 7 2.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Definitions of key concepts ........................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Institution ................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Policy ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Water resources ........................................................................................................ 9 2.2.4 Water resources management .................................................................................. 9 2.3 Historical background of water resources management ............................................. 9 2.4 Types of formal institutions related in water resources management in LVB……..10 vi 2.4.1 Governmental institutions ...................................................................................... 10 2.4.2 Non Governmental institutions .............................................................................. 12 2.5 Establishment of policies
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