DOCSLIB.ORG

Characteristics of Gravity Fields in the Jinggu M6.6 Earthquake

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characteristics of Gravity Fields in the Jinggu M6.6 Earthquake Geodesy and Geodynamics 2014,5(4) :34-37 http ://www.jgg09.com Doi: 10.3724/SP .].1246.2014.04034 Characteristics of gravity fields in the Jinggu M6.6 earthquake 1 2 1 2 1 2 Sun Shaoan ' , Hao Hongtao ' and Wei Jin ' 'Key laboratory of Earthquake Geocksy, [,..titute of Seismology, Chi= Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071 , Chino 'Wuhan Bcue of lnstituie of Crustal Dynamics, Chi= Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, Chino Abstract: Based on the study of high-precision gravity data obtained from recent studies and the regional gravi­ ty network for Yunnan province , a variation in the regional gravity field was identified before the occurrence of the Yunnan Jinggu M6. 6 earthquake. Key words: Jinggu earthqnake; gravity field ; evolution characteristics 2013. [ll Therefore, in this study, we analyzed recent 1 Introduction gravity data obtained from gravity monitoring networks in a seismic area and determined the evolutionary pat­ On October 7,2014, an earthqnake of magnitude 6.6 tern of the regional gravity field before the Jinggu occurred in Jinggu county , Pu' er City, Yunnan prov­ earthqnake. ince ( 23. 4 °N, 100. 5°E). The earthqnake had a focal depth of 5 krn with an epicenter located at the north­ 2 Survey grid and data sketch westward extension of the western Wuliangshan fault. The epicenter was also close to the Lancangjiang and The gravity networks in the area of the Jinggu earth­ Jinggu faults on the northwest side and parallel to the qnake comprised of regional gravity networks in Yun­ middle segment of Wuliangshan and Babianjiang faults nan province and the gravity network for major national on the east side. It was surrounded by several deep projects. These projects primarily consisted of the Crus­ faults , including the southwestward Heihe fault, north­ tal Movement Observation Network of China and the In­ westward Nandinghe fault, and northeastward Honghe tegrated Geophysical Observation of China (The east­ fault. The structural features of the seismogenic fault in ern Tibetan Plateau project) ( Fig. 1 ) . The Crustal this region are difficult to observe , and few small-to­ Movement Observation Network of China maiuly aimed moderate earthquakes had occurred there. Conseqnent­ to establish a gravity monitoring network covering the ly, little information was available for predicting the maiuland of China and monitor dynamic changes in the Jinggu earthquake. Despite these constraints, the gravity field. This could provide fundamental informa­ earthqnake was successfully predicted on the basis of tion for studying the dynamic background of strong the relative gravity data and well documented in the re­ earthqnakes and continental dynamics. The Integrated port on seismic tendencies submitted by the First Crust Geophysical Observation of China aimed to optimize Monitoring and Application Center at the end of and modify the mobile gravity earthqnake-monitoring network in the North-South Seismic Belt. This study Received:2014-10-17; Accepted:2014-11-10 could improve the monitoring of earthquakes of magni­ Corresponding author: Stm Shaoan, E-mail: ssha525@ 163.com tude larger than M6. 0, obtain and process the space­ This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of time images of variations in the North-South seismic China (41304059, 41304059) and the Seismic Industry Research Pro­ Belt's gravity field, and apply the results in the prediction ject ( 201308004). No.4 Sun Shaoan ,et al. Characteristics of gravity fields in the Jinggu M6.6 earthquake 35 100° 105° Figure 1 Gravity network and structure in Yunnan region of earthquakes. The gravity network (Fig. I) was completed in 2010. 3 Characteristics of variations in the Data from the network is made available once or twice gravity field of the epicentral region a year, with six sets of data provided so far. All meas­ urements were based on quasi-synchronous observations In southwestern Yunnan, there have been seven earth­ conducted by combining absolute and relative gravity quakes of magnitudes above 5. 0. Of these, six were in measurements. The FG5 absolute gravimeter, LCR-G the Yingjiang-Tengchong area, and one was in Jinggu. gravimeter, and CG-5 relative gravimeter were used in The earthquakes were more concentrated in 2011 and the observations. The inherent quality of the survey da­ 2014. The relative parameters of the seven earthquakes ta was sufficient to obtain information on nontidal gravi­ are listed in table 1. ty caused by tectonic movement. The accuracy of the The evolution of the regional gravity field m recent absolute and relative gravity measurements exceeded years ( Fig. 2) should correlate with the occurrence of 5 X10- 8 ms -2 and 20X 10-8 ms -2, respectively. earthquakes in the Yingjiang, Tengchong, and Jinggu In light of the gravity data obtained from monitoring areas. The variation map for October 2011 revealed that networks in the area of the Jinggu earthquake, it was the gravity field in most of southwestern Yunnan coin­ crucial to select a reasonable space-time datum for cides with the strike in the northwest-southeast direc­ studying the temporal variations in regional gravity a­ tion. The largest increase occurred in the Yingjiang­ nomalies[2l. This study developed a time variation map Tengchong area. The variation map for October 2012 of the regional gravity field, while the first observation showed that the area of increase had narrowed , and the of the network in 2010 was established as the space­ rate had decreased as the center moved toward the Jing­ time datum. Given that anomalies in earthquakes in the gu area. In October 2013, the regional gravity field in range of M7. 0 in the Yunnan region last for about three southwestern Yunnan remained the same as that of Octo­ years , we selected data for the same period in each ber 2012. However, regional gravity field in the Jinggu year since 20 10 and attempted to document the annual area increased dramatically in 2013. By October 2014, activity of the regional gravity field before the Jinggu when the Jinggu earthquake occurred, the area had ex­ earthquake. panded from Jinggu to most of the southwestern Yunnan. 36 Geodesy and Geodynamics Vol.S Table 1 Earthquakes above MS. 0 in southwestern Yunnan since 2010 Occurrence time Latitude Longitude Focal depth Magnitude Location (YY-MM-DD T HH:MM:SS) (0) (0) (km) (m) Yingjiang Country, Dehong Dai and 2011-03-10 T 12:58:12.0 24.7 97.9 10 5.8 Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture 2011-06-20 T 18:16:49.0 25.1 98.7 10 5.2 Tengchong Country, Baoshan City Border region of Tengchong Country 2011-08-09 T 19:50:16.3 25.0 98.7 11 5.2 and Longyang District, Baoshan City Yingjiang Country, Dehong Dai and 2014-05-24 T 04:49:21.2 25.0 97.8 12.4 5.6 Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Yingjiang Country, Dehong Dai and 2014-05-30 T 09:20:12.9 25.0 97.8 12 6.1 Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Yingjiang Country, Dehong Dai and 2014-05-30 T 09:20:50.3 25.1 97.8 14 5.1 Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous Coun- 2014-10-07 T 21 :49:39.5 23.4 100.5 5 6.6 try, Jinggu City ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~uGru ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~uGru -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 I 00 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 2011-10 2012-10 97°30' 100°00' 102°30' 105°00' 97°30' I 00°00' I 02°30' I 05°00' ~.. ..;;:: ;::;~:::;:::::;::=;::~~:::;::::;::::;:::;::=;::::j uGal ~-.~~~;=~:::;::::;:::~~~=;~~~~uGal -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -I 00 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 2013-10 2014-10 Figure 2 Sequence of regional gravity fields in the epicentral area in recent years clearly shows the variation m the re­ 4 Conclusions gional gravity field before Yunnan Jinggu M6. 6 earth­ quake. The high-quality data obtained from the gravity network No.4 Sun Shaoan,et al.Characteristics of gravity fields in the Jinggu M6.6 earthquake 37 research on seismic tendency in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou-Guan­ Acknowlegements gxi region. Integrated Geophysical field in Sichuan-Yunnan­ Guizhou-Guangxi. region, 2014. (in Chinese) [ 2 ] Sun Shaoan, et al. Thinking on datum of regional gravity field We would like to thank Euago ( www. enago. en) for variation. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2012, 32 ( 1) : The Einglish Language review. 17-20. (m Chin""') [ 3] Sun Shaoan, et al. Research on evolution of western YUiliUlll and References Beijing regional gravity fields and their relationship with earth­ quake. Earthquake, 1999, 19(1), 97-106. (in Chme•e) [ 1 ] Wang Tongqing, et al. The characteristics of gravity variation and .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analyzing-The-Drivers-Of-Tree-Planting
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's personal copy Land Use Policy 36 (2014) 248–258 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Land Use Policy jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol Analyzing the drivers of tree planting in Yunnan, China, with Bayesian networks a a a,b, c d Jens Frayer , Zhanli Sun , Daniel Müller ∗, Darla K. Munroe , Jianchu Xu a Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany b Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany c Department of Geography, Ohio State University, 1036 Derby Hall I 154N. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA d World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Node, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Strict enforcement of forest protection and massive afforestation campaigns have contributed to a signif- Received 19 February 2013 icant increase in China’s forest cover during the last 20 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
    IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchidaceae) from China
    Phytotaxa 350 (3): 247–258 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.3.4 Two new natural hybrids in the genus Pleione (Orchidaceae) from China WEI ZHANG1, 2, 4, JIAO QIN1, 2, RUI YANG1, 2, 4, YI YANG3,4 & SHI-BAO ZHANG1, 2* 1Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Email: [email protected] 2 Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, Yunnan, China 3Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kun- ming, Yunnan, China 4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Abstract Several species in the genus Pleione (Orchidaceae) have same or overlapping geographical distribution in China. In this study, two new natural hybrids, Pleione × baoshanensis and Pleione × maoershanensis, were described and illustrated. The parentage for these two hybrids was confirmed using molecular data from ITS of the nuclear ribosomal, trnT-trnL spacer and trnL-trnF region (trnL intron and trnL-trnF spacer) of the plastid DNA. Pleione × baoshanensis is intermediate between P. albiflora and P. yunnanensis, and characterized by its erose lamellae on the lip. Meanwhile, Pleione × maoershanensis is intermediate between P. hookeriana (P. chunii) and P. pleionoides, and characterized by its deep lacerate lamellae on the lip. For the individuals tested, molecular data suggest that P. albiflora is the maternal parent of Pleione × baoshanensis, and P. hookeriana (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan WLAN Hotspots 1/15
    Yunnan WLAN hotspots NO. SSID Location_Name Location_Type Location_Address City Province 1 ChinaNet CuiHu and the surrounding area on foot Others CuiHu and the surrounding area on foot Kunming Yunnan 2 ChinaNet Hongta Sports Training Base Others Hongta Sports Training Base Kunming Yunnan 3 ChinaNet Center for Business Office Others No. 439 Beijing Road Kunming Kunming Yunnan 4 ChinaNet TaiLi business hall Others No. 39 South ring Road, Kunming City Kunming Yunnan 5 ChinaNet However, even the tranquility Board business hall Others However, even the town of Anning City even Ran Street No. 201 Kunming Yunnan 6 ChinaNet Dongchuan Village Road business hall Others Dongchuan Village Road, on the 17th Kunming Yunnan 7 ChinaNet Kunyang business hall Others Jinning County Kunyang the middle of the street Kunming Yunnan 8 ChinaNet Closing the business hall Others South Guandu District of Kunming customs in the next one (no No.) Kunming Yunnan 9 ChinaNet Songming county hall Others Songming County Huanglongbing Street I Kunming Yunnan 10 ChinaNet XUNDIAN Board Office of new business Others The new county transit roadside Telecom Tower, 1st Floor, (no number) Kunming Yunnan 11 ChinaNet New Asia Sports City stadium area Press Release Exhibition&stadium center Kunming Kwong Fuk Road and KunRei Road Kunming Yunnan 12 ChinaNet Kunming train the new South Station Hou car Room Railway Station/Bus Station Beijing Road South kiln Kunming Yunnan 13 ChinaNet Kunming Airport Airport KunMing Wujiaba Kunming Yunnan 14 ChinaNet Huazhou Hotel Hotel 223 East Road, Kunming City Kunming Yunnan 15 ChinaNet Kam Hotel Hotel 118 South Huan Cheng Road Kunming Kunming Yunnan 16 ChinaNet Greek Bridge Hotel Hotel Kunming Jiangbin West Road on the 1st Kunming Yunnan 17 ChinaNet Tyrone Hong Rui Hotel Hotel Kunming Spring City Road, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Development in China's Decision Making on Large Dams
    Sustainable Development in China’s Examensarbete i Hållbar Utveckling 156 Decision Making on Large Dams: A case study of the Nu River Basin Sustainable Development in China’s Decision Making on Large Dams: Huiyi Chen A case study of the Nu River Basin Huiyi Chen Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences Master Thesis E, in Sustainable Development, 30 credits Printed at Department of Earth Sciences, Master’s Thesis Geotryckeriet, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 2013. E, 30 credits Examensarbete i Hållbar Utveckling 156 Sustainable Development in China’s Decision Making on Large Dams: A case study of the Nu River Basin Huiyi Chen Supervisor: Ashok Swain Evaluator: Florian Krampe Acknowledgement Writing this thesis paper has been a rewarding experience. During the whole process, there were some beautiful people around me who always supported me with their guidance and inspiration and without them I would not be able to get this experience. Thanks you for giving me an opportunity to share my gratitude. First of all, my indebted gratefulness goes to my supervisor Professor Ashok Swain, Director at the Uppsala Center for Sustainable Development and Professor at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, for his continuous guidance and support. Thanks so much Ashok for being so patient and clarifying me every time when I was lost. It was an honor to have you as my supervisor. In addition, I would also like to thank my evaluator Florian Krampe, Ph.D. Candidate and associated research fellow at the Uppsala Center for Sustainable Development, for taking time to read through my thesis and evaluating it.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan's Biodiversity
    Protection Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Priority Area in Yunnan Wu Xuecan Senior Engineer and Vice President of Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science 28th July 2015 Tengchong Yunnan China Overall Situation of Biodiversity Conservation in Yunnan Report outline Identification of Biodiversity Priority Areas in Yunnan Protection Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity 1. Overall Situation of Biodiversity Conservation in Yunnan 1.1 Conservation of Yunnan’s biodiversity is attached importance by government at all levels and attracts high attention at home and abroad. The central government requires Yunnan to be the bellwether of ecological civilization construction. Green development is the only way for differentiation strategy of Yunnan, which has taken many importance measure in biodiversity. Yunnan's biodiversity conservation is of great significance of international conventions; many species, natural heritage sites, important ecotypes are highly concerned at home and board. 1. Overall Situation of Biodiversity Conservation in Yunnan 1.2 Yunnan’s biodiversity has characteristics of richness , uniqueness and vulnerability Both numbers of the higher plants and vertebrates species approach or exceed half of the whole nation Rare species resources and the species numbers of herbs, flowers, fungi rank first around the nation Yunnan’s ecosystem types are diverse and unique, forming a microcosm of the world's ecosystem types 1. Overall Situation of Biodiversity Conservation in Yunnan 1.2 Yunnan’s biodiversity has characteristics of richness , uniqueness and vulnerability One of the areas with the most widely distributed endemic genera; with a large number of relic species There are a large distribution of endemic species, and in which there are 4,008 endemic species and 4,509 narrow-area species of higher plants 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Yunnan Province, China
    European Journal of Taxonomy 311: 1–12 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.311 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Chai R. & Ma Y. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BF7A05CC-65A0-41E6-91E9-2C10FD5EC2DF Two new species of Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Yunnan Province, China Rui CHAI 1 & Yitong MA 2,* 1,2 School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, P.R. China. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:0702F470-4C20-4044-A29F-57A35D38FC29 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:14F92F90-863A-46EB-B056-41EB3FA341A0 Abstract. We describe two new species of Willowsia: W. baoshanensis sp. nov. and W. zhaotongensis sp. nov. This is the first report of Willowsia from Yunnan Province, China. W. baoshanensis sp. nov. is mainly characterized by its chaetotaxy, W. zhaotongensis sp. nov. by its color pattern and chaetotaxy. Keywords. Entomobryinae, taxonomy, chaetotaxy, scales. Chai R. & Yitong M. 2017. Two new species of Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Yunnan Province, China. European Journal of Taxonomy 311: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.311 Introduction The genus Willowsia was erected by Shoebotham (1917) to accomodate the species Seira nigromaculata Lubbock, 1873 from England, mainly based on its pointed scales. Its main generic characters include mucro bidentation and the presence of a basal spine, eyes 8+8, dental spine absent. Scale morphology and distribution are important in taxonomy. Scales may be absent on the antennae, the legs and the manubrium in some species and are always absent on dens.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multiregional Survey of Nickel in Outdoor Air Particulate Matter in China: Implication for Human Exposure
    Chemosphere 199 (2018) 702e708 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemosphere journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemosphere A multiregional survey of nickel in outdoor air particulate matter in China: Implication for human exposure Han Li a, 1, Yanjian Wan b, 1, Xiao Chen c, Lu Cheng a, Xueyu Yang a, Wei Xia a, ** * Shunqing Xu a, , Hongling Zhang d, a Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China b Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430015, China c School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China d School of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China highlights graphical abstract We analyzed the Ni levels of 662 outdoor air samples from 7 provinces in China. The concentrations of Ni in air were in the range of 2.1e80.9 ng/m3. In most areas, the Ni concentrations were higher in winter and spring. Estimated daily intake doses of Ni through inhalation were calculated. This is a multiregional survey of Ni in outdoor air particulate matter in China. article info abstract Article history: Nickel is a widespread environmental contaminant, and it is toxic to humans in certain forms at high Received 16 October 2017 doses. Despite this, nationwide data on nickel in outdoor air particulate matter and human exposure to Received in revised form nickel through inhalation in China are limited.
    [Show full text]
  • 40626-012: Western Yunnan Roads Development II Project
    ADB-Financed Yunnan Integrated Road Network Development Project ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT November 2009 Revised April 2010 Chongqing Communications Design and Research Institute For Yunnan Provincial Department of Transport The environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the "Terms of Use" section of this website. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 April 2010) Currency Unit = Yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 = $0.1465 $1.00 = CNY 6.826 The exchange rate of the Yuan is determined under a floating exchange rate system. In this report, a rate of $1.00 = CNY 7.8450 was used (the rate prevailing at the time of preparation). ABBREVIATIONS ADB — Asian Development Bank CO2 — Carbon dioxide EIA — environmental impact assessment EMP — environmental management plan MEP — Ministry of Environmental Protection NO2 — nitrogen dioxide pH — a measure of acidity/alkalinity PRC — People’s Republic of China ROW — Right-of-way SO2 — sulfur dioxide SS — suspended solid TA — technical assistance TSP — total suspended particle YEPB — Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau YHIC — Yunnan Provincial Highway Development and Investment Company YPDOT — Yunnan Provincial Department of Transport YPHB — Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km — kilometer m — meter NOTES (i) The fiscal year of the Government and its agencies ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 A. Introduction 1 a) Expressway EIA Preparation 1 b) EARF for the other Project Components 2 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative Division of Yunnan
    Administrative Division of Yunnan Prefecture- County-level level Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Panlong District ፧᰼ Pánlóng Qū Wuhua District ࡋ Wǔhuá Qū Guandu District Guāndù Qū Xishan District Xīshān Qū Dongchuan District Dōngchuān Qū Anning City ఓ Ānníng Shì Chenggong County Chénggòng Xiàn Kunming City ༷ఓ Jinning County Jìnníng Xiàn Kunming Shi Fumin County Fùmín Xiàn Yiliang County Yíliáng Xiàn Songming County Sōngmíng Xiàn Shilin Yi Autonomous ᕧ Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn County Luquan Yi and Miao ᖾᕧ Lùquàn Yízú Autonomous County Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn Xundian Hui and Yi "#$ Xúndiàn Huízú Autonomous County Yízú Zìzhìxiàn ᕧ Qilin District ᯑ& Qílín Qū Qilin District ᯑ& Qílín Qū Xuanwei City '(ఓ Xuānwēi Shì Malong County Mǎlóng Xiàn Qujing City )᰼ ྍఓ Zhanyi County *፟ Zhānyì Xiàn Qǔjìng Shì Fuyuan County , Fùyuán Xiàn Luoping County -ఞ Luópíng Xiàn Shizong County ఙ0 Shīzōng Xiàn Luliang County 1 Lùliáng Xiàn Huize County 23 Huìzé Xiàn 2 Prefecture- County-level level Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Hongta District ᐋ5 Hóngtǎ Qū Jiangchuan County 6 Jiāngchuān Xiàn Chengjiang County ၵ6 Chéngjiāng Xiàn Tonghai County 8ྦ Tōnghǎi Xiàn Huaning County Huáníng Xiàn Yuxi City ሊါఓ Yimen County :᫝ Yìmén Xiàn Yùxī Shì Eshan Yi < ᕧ Éshān Yízú Zìzhìxiàn Autonomous County Xinping Yi and Dai =ఞ Xīnpíng Yízú Autonomous County Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn जᕧ Yuanjiang Hani, Yi ?6ૅA Yuánjiāng Hānízú and Dai Yízú Autonomous County जᕧ Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn Longyang District ᬃC Lóngyáng Qū Shidian County Shīdiàn Xiàn Baoshan City D# ఓ Tengchong County Eউ Téngchōng Xiàn Bǎoshān
    [Show full text]
  • Did Government Expenditure on the Grain for Green Project Help the Forest Carbon Sequestration Increase in Yunnan, China?
    land Article Did Government Expenditure on the Grain for Green Project Help the Forest Carbon Sequestration Increase in Yunnan, China? Ya’nan Lu 1,2, Shunbo Yao 1,2,*, Zhenmin Ding 1,2, Yuanjie Deng 1,2 and Mengyang Hou 1,2 1 College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (Z.D.); [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (M.H.) 2 Economic and Environmental Management Research Center, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 January 2020; Accepted: 10 February 2020; Published: 13 February 2020 Abstract: Reasonably assessing the effectiveness of government expenditure on the Grain for Green project (GFG) in providing forest carbon sequestration would contribute to the development of China’s forest carbon sequestration. Using the government expenditure data from the GFG in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2015 and the MODIS Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1) time-series datasets, we calculated the forest carbon sequestration of various counties (cities or districts). The impacts of GFG government expenditure on forest carbon sequestration were empirically evaluated by the least squares dummy variables method (LSDV). The research results indicate that a 1% increase in government expenditure on the GFG yielded a 0.0364% increase in forest carbon sequestration. However, the effects of GFG government expenditure on forest carbon sequestration differed greatly in different areas because of the diversity of the natural environments, forest resource endowment, and government policies. If the initial forest endowment was not considered, the effectiveness of government expenditure on the GFG in providing forest carbon sequestration would have been overestimated.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Investigation of Moringa Oleifera from Different
    molecules Article Comprehensive Investigation of Moringa oleifera from Different Regions by Simultaneous Determination of 11 Polyphenols Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Yanqin Zhu 1,2, Qinhong Yin 3 and Yaling Yang 1,* 1 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; [email protected] 2 Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China 3 Faculty of Narcotics Control, Yunnan Police College, Kunming 650223, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-871-65113971 Received: 1 December 2019; Accepted: 3 February 2020; Published: 5 February 2020 Abstract: In this study, we develop and validate a simultaneous quantification of polyphenols method based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to adequately understand how different habitats influence the quality and profile of Moringa oleifera polyphenol. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to compare and discriminate 25 samples collected from different areas. A significant correlation was found between the polyphenol profile and the collection area. Significant differences in the polyphenol content of Moringa oleifera from different regions indicate that the genetic diversity of Moringa oleifera was relatively rich, possibly due to differences in cultivation conditions, climate, or soil environment resulting in the accumulation of different polyphenols. These observations provide a theoretical basis for subsequent Moringa oleifera germplasm selection and development research. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis methodology used to characterize the polyphenols may be used toward developing quality assessment and future pharmacodynamic investigations of Moringa oleifera.
    [Show full text]