Chapter Vi Major Problems in the Basin
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The Land in Gorkhaland on the Edges of Belonging in Darjeeling, India
The Land in Gorkhaland On the Edges of Belonging in Darjeeling, India SARAH BESKY Department of Anthropology and Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University, USA Abstract Darjeeling, a district in the Himalayan foothills of the Indian state of West Bengal, is a former colonial “hill station.” It is world famous both as a destination for mountain tour- ists and as the source of some of the world’s most expensive and sought-after tea. For deca- des, Darjeeling’s majority population of Indian-Nepalis, or Gorkhas, have struggled for sub- national autonomy over the district and for the establishment of a separate Indian state of “Gorkhaland” there. In this article, I draw on ethnographic fieldwork conducted amid the Gorkhaland agitation in Darjeeling’s tea plantations and bustling tourist town. In many ways, Darjeeling is what Val Plumwood calls a “shadow place.” Shadow places are sites of extraction, invisible to centers of political and economic power yet essential to the global cir- culation of capital. The existence of shadow places troubles the notion that belonging can be “singularized” to a particular location or landscape. Building on this idea, I examine the encounters of Gorkha tea plantation workers, students, and city dwellers with landslides, a crumbling colonial infrastructure, and urban wildlife. While many analyses of subnational movements in India characterize them as struggles for land, I argue that in sites of colonial and capitalist extraction like hill stations, these struggles with land are equally important. In Darjeeling, senses of place and belonging are “edge effects”:theunstable,emergentresults of encounters between materials, species, and economies. -
Village & Town Directory ,Darjiling , Part XIII-A, Series-23, West Bengal
CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 SERmS 23 'WEST BENGAL DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK PART XIll-A VILLAGE & TO"WN DIRECTORY DARJILING DISTRICT S.N. GHOSH o-f the Indian Administrative Service._ DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS WEST BENGAL · Price: (Inland) Rs. 15.00 Paise: (Foreign) £ 1.75 or 5 $ 40 Cents. PuBLISHED BY THB CONTROLLER. GOVERNMENT PRINTING, WEST BENGAL AND PRINTED BY MILl ART PRESS, 36. IMDAD ALI LANE, CALCUTTA-700 016 1988 CONTENTS Page Foreword V Preface vn Acknowledgement IX Important Statistics Xl Analytical Note 1-27 (i) Census ,Concepts: Rural and urban areas, Census House/Household, Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, Literates, Main Workers, Marginal Workers, N on-Workers (ii) Brief history of the District Census Handbook (iii) Scope of Village Directory and Town Directory (iv) Brief history of the District (v) Physical Aspects (vi) Major Characteristics (vii) Place of Religious, Historical or Archaeological importance in the villages and place of Tourist interest (viii) Brief analysis of the Village and Town Directory data. SECTION I-VILLAGE DIRECTORY 1. Sukhiapokri Police Station (a) Alphabetical list of villages 31 (b) Village Directory Statement 32 2. Pulbazar Police Station (a) Alphabetical list of villages 37 (b) Village Directory Statement 38 3. Darjiling Police Station (a) Alphabetical list of villages 43 (b) Village Directory Statement 44 4. Rangli Rangliot Police Station (a) Alphabetical list of villages 49- (b) Village Directory Statement 50. 5. Jore Bungalow Police Station (a) Alphabetical list of villages 57 (b), Village Directory Statement 58. 6. Kalimpong Poliee Station (a) Alphabetical list of viI1ages 62 (b)' Village Directory Statement 64 7. Garubatban Police Station (a) Alphabetical list of villages 77 (b) Village Directory Statement 78 [ IV ] Page 8. -
Government of West Bengal Office of Block
1 GOVERNMENT OF WEST BENGAL OFFICE OF BLOCK DEVELOPMENT OFFICER JOREBUNGLOW SUKHIAPOKHRI DEV.BLOCK Phone-0354-2264271.Fax-0354-2264271 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTICE INVITING e-TENDER NOTICE INVITING ELECTRONIC TENDER No. 10/BDO_SKP/Plan/ ACR (MSDP)/2014-15 Dt: 15.10.2014 Separate tenders are invited by the Block Development Officer Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri Dev. Block for the work mentioned in the table below through electronic tendering (e-tendering). The intending tenderers may visit Website – www.darjeeling.gov.in for the tender notice & other details. But submission of bid will be through the web site www.wbtenders.gov.in only. Amount Earnest Cost of Tender Sl. put to Period of Eligibility of Name of the work Money Documents No. tender Completion Contractor. (In Rs.) (Rs.) (In Rs.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Resourceful bonafide Const.of additional Class Room at Turzum contractors having Manger Gaon Primary School within 40% credential in 1158938 23179 Nil 90 days 01 Pokhriabong-2 Gram Panchyat under MSDP single work order . within last three years of similar nature of work Construction of additional Class Rooms at 90 days Do. Sarbajanik Jr.Basic School Sonada within 1150138 23003 Nil 02 Lower Sonada-1 G.P. Sukhia Pokhri Block under MSDP during 12th 5-year Plan Construction of additional Classroom at 90 days Do. Rungbull Jr.Basic (school circle) 03. withinRungbull Gram Panchayat Sukhia 1150138 23003 Nil Pokhri Block under MSDP during 12th 5-year Plan Construction of Additional Class Rooms at 90 days Do. Rangbhang Forest Village Primary School 1150138 23003 Nil 04. Rangbhang Gopaldhara G.P.Sukhia Pokhri Block under MSDP during 12th 5-year Plan. -
Chapter 6 Forest Communities & Cprs in the Hill Region
Chapter 6 Forest Communities & CPRs in the Hill Region 6.1 Introduction The region to be studied lies within the Eastern Himalaya which is a biodiversity hotspot little explored as yet by Government scientific agencies like the Botanical Survey of India [BSI] and the Zoological Survey of India [ZSI]. This makes it an important conservation zone, with an approximate area of 15000 sq. km. of forests having already been committed to designated Protected Areas. However imposition of statutory control over regional forests has been accompanied by large scale diversion of forest lands to plantations, agriculture and urban settlement. Economic development has also been accompanied by high levels of immigration which have brought forests in the region under extreme pressure, threatening their very survival. Study of the status of property rights and the patterns of use of CPRs, woodfuels and other forest resources is thus expected to throw light on the interdependence of human communities, economic development and natural resources in a region of the Himalaya where significant forests still survive. By documenting forest access and CPR-use by the communities that live on the very edge of subsistence at the forest fringe~ we make an attempt to meaningfully contribute towards the operationalisation of sustainable development through the means of self-governing social control systems. The present chapter and the next are based on the case-studies undertaken in the two northern districts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri in West Bengal respectively. 6.1.1 Geographical Description and Position of the Darjeeling district. Darjeeling is a small district that lies between 26°31' and 27°13' North latitude and between 87° 59' and 88° 53' East longitude in the extreme north of the state of West Bengal in India. -
Imaging the Landscape Experience of Darjeeling
NEPAL BHUTAN SIKKIM BHUTAN KALIMPONG II DARJEELING PULBAZAR RANGLI GORUBATHAN RANGLIOT KALIMPONG BIHAR JOREBUNGALOW SUKIAPOKHRI BANGLADESH KURSEONG LOCATION MIRIK NEPAL e history of development of hill stations in India during colonial period dates back to the nineteenth century, when due to establishment of Railways, JHARKHAND MATIGARA NAXALBARI JALPAIGURI British sought to inhabit these cooler areas in the harsh summer. Situated in the Eastern Himalayan belt, a similar hill station, Darjeeling gained popularity PHANSIDEWA KHARIBARI both in India and abroad as a tourist destination. is was facilitated by the commencement of Darjeeling Himalayan Railway between Siliguri, in the plains of Bengal to the hills of Darjeeling. Although intended to support the thriving Tea industry, the DHR soon became one of the most celebrated and BANGLADESH BIHAR ORISSA NEPAL acclaimed train journeys in the world. e toy train chugs along the hill side oering a variety of landscape experiences taking the passenger from the heat of the plains to the bracing mountain air. 3 0 0 ! 12 Darjeeling 00 0 SIGNIFICANT ISSUE 150 But in the post-independent scenario, it witnessed many challenges. With change in ownership, faster and ecient modes of transport and the recurring landslides, the toy train became less preferred and insolvent. Ghum 0 20 Manibhanjan Ridge Senchal 1 2100 6 e land-use changes altered the landscape experience that the DHR once boasted. With lesser travellers and obsolete engineering structure, the railway 00 2400 6 seems to have lost its value, and association with the community. e places and landmarks that narrated the glorious past of the railway were soon forgot- Tiger Hill 0 00 0 ten, and the need to conserve the heritage was realised. -
Collection and Conservation of Major Medicinal Pants of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 6(2), April 2007, pp. 352-357 Collection and conservation of major medicinal pants of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas S Hussain & DK Hore* NBPGR Regional Station, Umroi Road, Umiam 793 103, Meghalaya E-mail: [email protected] Received 23 June 2005; revised 25 September 2006 The paper deals with use of certain indigenous medicinal plants among the local people of the Sikkim Himalaya (Eastern Himalaya), which includes the entire state of Sikkim and adjoining Darjeeling Hill district of West Bengal. The study highlighted the use of 28 plant species belonging to 26 genera and 19 families as herbal medicine in the treatment of various ailments. Considering the growing demand for raw materials of medicinal plants by the pharmaceutical companies and their depleting resource base, due to unscientific gathering from the wild, it is of utmost necessity to take up ex-situ cultivation and conservation of these medicinal plant species. Plant name, local name, family, along with their parts used, ethnobotanical application with active principles and conservation strategies are discussed. Keywords: Conservation, Ethnomedicine, Medicinal plants, Darjeeling, Sikkim Himalayas, Lepcha, Bhutia, Limbus IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K36/00, A61P1/00, A61P1/02, A61P1/04, A61P1/06, A61P1/10, A61P1/16, A61P5/00, A61P5/50, A61P9/14, A61P11/00, A61P11/06, A61P11/14, A61P13/00, A61P13/02, A61P15/00, A61P17/00, A61P17/02, A61P29/00, A61P33/00, A61P33/06, A61P33/10, A61P35/00, A61P39/02 According to World Health Organization estimate, The major constraint in this sector is poor approximately 80% population in developing marketing facilities for raw materials as a result; the countries depend on traditional medicine for primary farmers are hesitant to take up large-scale cultivation health care needs: a major portion of these involves of medicinal plants. -
Ffir\Fr# Government of West Bengal, Office of the District Magistrate, Darjeeling
*t& ffir\fr# Government of West Bengal, Office of the District Magistrate, Darjeeling. Phone : 0354-2254233/2256207, Fox : 0354-2254338, e-Mqil : d m-do rj @ nic.i n ORDER No: 83 /C Date: 08.06.2020 ln pursuance to the order issued by Chief Secretary, Govt. of West Bengal vide memo no. 777-CS/2020 dt 18.05.2020 & memo no. 218-CS/2020 dt 30.05.2020 and in pursuance to the meeting held on 08.06.2020 at the State Guest House, Siliguri regarding revision of Containment Zones and Buffer Zones in Darjeeling District, the following mentioned areas in the column lV, against ward/GP in column lll are notified as Affected Area (Containment Zone) Category A in Darjeeling District. sl Municipality/ Ward GP Category A (Containment Zone) No Block / A. Towards west from Rakhal Sarkar's house upto Abhijit Kar's house. 1 Upper Bagdogra B. Towards south from Rakhal Sarkar's house upto Kolkata shoe beside NH31. A. Towards east from Rameswar Sah's house upto Madan Chowdhury's house. 2 Naxalba ri Naxalbari B. From Madan Chowdhury's house towards north-west upto Hareram Sah's house. A. Towards north from Sunita Biswakarma's house upto Gopal Lohar's house. 3 Hatighisa B. Towards south from Sunita Biswakarma's house upto Asian Highway 2 (near Atai Busstand) 4 Jorebunglow- Lower Sonada ll Om Prakash Gupta's house only, with 10 mt surroundins area 5 Sukhia pokhri Lower Sonada ll The house of Nikisha Gurung JC Bose by lane, near Bandab Sanga CIub, near Siliguri College. -
SALMA SULTANA 9425 Castle Pines Dr • Austin, Texas 78717• 512 413 1226• [email protected]
SALMA SULTANA 9425 Castle Pines Dr • Austin, Texas 78717• 512 413 1226• [email protected] EDUCATION 2008 Ph.D, Geography, Jadavpur University, India 2003 M.Phil, Remote Sensing & GIS, University of North Bengal, India 2001 M.Sc, Geography, University of Burdwan, India 1999 B.Sc, Geography (Honors), University of Burdwan, India PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS 2013 - 2017 Research Fellow, University of Texas, Austin 2010 2013 Assistant Professor, Aliah University, India - 2010 - 2010 Assistant Professor, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, India 2009 - 2010 Lecturer, Netaji Institute for Asian Studies, India 2007 - 2009 Research Associate, Netaji Institute for Asian Studies, India RESEARCH INTEREST Application of Remote Sensing & Geographical Information System, Environmental Issues in Geography and Sustainable Development, Interaction between People and Physical Environment, Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change. SPECIALIZED TRAINING ON REMOTE SENSING & GIS - “Remote Sensing Technology And its Applications including Image Processing, Pattern Recognition & GIS” from NRSA, Dept. of Space, Govt. of India, HYDERABAD.2003 - “Digital Mapping And Geographical Information System” NATMO, National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO), Govt. of India, Kolkata.2002 - “Remote Sensing And Geographical Information System” from National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO), Govt. of India, Kolkata.2001 - “Application of Aerial Photography in Thematic Mapping” from National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO), Govt. of India, Kolkata.2000 - “GEOMEDIA PROFESSIONAL” ROLTA INDIA Limited, Mumbai, India. - 21st Century GISADV EDU Easy GIS with image Analysis & Terrain Modeling from Twenty first century Solutions, Kolkata RESEARCH PROJECT CARRIED OUT/RESEARCH INTEREST 1. May, 2009 - April, 2010 “Sacred Groves and Biodiversity Conservation – Birbhum,West Bengal” West Bengal Higher Education Department Joint Project Co- ordinator (Netaji Institute for Asian Studies.) 2. -
Chapter Vi Landslide As an Agent of Rayeng Basin Degradation
CHAPTER VI LANDSLIDE AS AN AGENT OF RAYENG BASIN DEGRADATION 6.0 Scenario of landslides The landslides are one of the significant types of natural hazards. Massive landslides make trouncing of both creature existence and assets. Yet, people livelihood in the mountainous regions is habituated to survive with such events. With the augmented tourism over the precedent few decades, residential areas have been make bigger over mountainous slopes, which of course necessitate new communication system. This disturbs the usual slopes and an environment of the mountainous regions, in that way greater than ever susceptibility to landslide happening. Geomorphic studies of landslides take account of the assessment of vulnerability and causes responsible behind occurrences. Landslides are the most significant disparaging geomorphic process accountable for degradation of Rayeng Basin. Throughout intense rainfall, the weathering process is accelerated reducing schists and mudstones into silts and fine sands, and succeeding failure of these fine materials triggers landslides in the Rayeng Basin. 6.1 Methodology of study Study of" landslides of the basin incorporate, recognition of affected areas based on the field study and secondary data from earlier study. Intensive study has been made on the factors associated to landslides such as geology, slope angles, soil, climatic condition, hydrologic conditions, vegetation, and last but not the least i.e. human interferences in the basin. In this milieu, topographical maps, geological map, satellite imageries of the basin have been studied intensively. Meteorological data are collected. On the basis of several factors an effort has been made to prepare a landslides susceptible zones map of the study area. -
Tea Time with Fine Wine of Darjeeling
AMBOOTIA MADE IN INDIA he hill station of Darjeeling of Darjeeling tea—be it for the quality, on the foothills of the flavour and depth of their range, the Himalayas, also known sustainable practices being followed by Tea Time with Fine Wine of as Queen of the Hills, has them or their reputation for reviving Darjeeling Tea been a favoured summer sick tea estates. • Darjeeling tea has a unique Muscatel Tretreat since the days of the British Raj. According to Bansal, the tea garden flavour favoured by connoisseurs. Darjeeling promises a number of exotic model basically depends on leveraging • Darjeeling produces around 10 million and enthralling experiences that would two critical and long term factors of kg of tea annually. stay with you for a lifetime—a ride in production—land and workers. He • Ambootia Tea Estate produces 180,000 kg the toy train, the view of the sunrise firmly believes that if tea gardens don’t of tea annually. over the Kanchenjunga from Tiger Hill, do well, the reason generally is bad • First Flush Darjeeling tea is grown in a walk across the Chowrasta, a treat of entrepreneurship or bad management. mid-March. The spring variety of tea is hot chocolate at Keventer’s, a visit to the If both these factors of production are a connoisseur’s must have. It has light Buddhist monastery at Ghoom and cared for, the tea estate business is quite green colour, light floral or earthy flavour of course, a visit to any of its mystical lucrative in the long run. and is mildly astringent. -
21 Appendix.Pdf
+ APPEND X-I A INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY AREA: DARJEELING HILL AREAS 1.1 LOCATION AND BOUNDARY There are four subdivisions in the area of the Darjeeling district. Of which one of the subdivision falls under plain area (Siliguri have been excluded, from the study. The rest of the three subdivisions viz. Darjeeling, Kurseong and Kalimpong form the universe of the study. These three subdivisions comprises of following eight blocks namely Pulbazar-Darjeeling, Sukhia-Jorebunglow, and Rangli Rangliot in Darjeeling subdivision, Mirik and Kurseong in Kurseong Subdivision and Kalimpong-I, Kalimpong-II and Gorubathan in Kalimpong subdivision. Siliguri has been excluded because it has separate entity and that it falls out of Hill development Programmed. Beside with the formation of the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council in 1986 there has been much bifurcation of developmental programme. The hill area of the Darjeeling covers an area of 2417.25 Sq.Km. It accounts for 2.72% ofthe total area ofthe state of West Bengal. The Hill area lies between 26° 3 t' and 27°13' north latitude and between 87°59' and 88° 33 '. East longitude .. It is bounded by Sikkim in the North, Bhutan on the East, Nepal on the West, Dist of Jalpaiguri and Siliguri subdivision in the South 1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DARJEELING The history of Darjeeling hill areas begins with the acquisition of the hilly tract, measuring 138 sq. miles comprising areas from Pankhabari to Badamtam, for setting up health resorts by British for its employees from the Raja ofSikkim in 1835. The District acquired the present dimension in 1866 as a result of wars with Sikkim and Bhutan between the period 1850 and 1866 Origin of Name: The name Darjeeling is a corruption of Dorji, the precious stone or ecclesiastical sceptre, which is emblematic ofthe thunderbolt ofSekhra (Indra) and a 'ling' to denote Place. -
Chapters Water Resource of the Balason Basin 8.1
CHAPTERS WATER RESOURCE OF THE BALASON BASIN 8.1 Introduction The river Balason, originating from Lepchajagat at an elevation of 2416 m, flows through the district of Darjeeling, is noteworthy for its erosional and depositional hazards, causing occasional flood in its lower catchment The discharge of the river at Matigara, varies from a negligible amount of 0.409 cumecs during the dry season (March - April) to a high of over 940 m^/second during the rainy season (July-August). The mean annual sediment discharge is very high and it was estimated to be 87365 metric tons. The mean annual rainfell in the catchment area is 3359.81 mm, based on long-term average data of 22 rainfall recording stations situated within the catchment area. The Balason basin is unable to hold back water due to excessive deforestation, overgrazing and extensive unscientific agricultural use of land in its catchment area. As a result, most of the precipitated water goes down the slope, giving rise to severe soil erosion and landslips. The amount of load transported not only provides an indication of the rate of mechanical denudation in a basin, but also has wider implications for the economic management of the fluvial system. The river is incompetent to cope with the enormous amount of debris load that is transported to its lower course during the monsoon months (June-September). All these processes themselves generate certain responses within the river channel. Flooding is thus, the result of the continuous set of possible responses within the fluvial system. On the other hand, during the non-monsoon months (November to April) negligible amount of water flows through the narrow braided channel and this paucity of water hinders the local people from reaping any benefit out of the soil in a)njunction to the river itself.