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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Relações Internacionais

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Relações Internacionais UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais EDGARD DA COSTA FREITAS NETO Redes de Sociabilidade, Redes de Poder: Maçonaria e Diplomacia Track 2 na África Francófona SALVADOR - BA 2019 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais EDGARD DA COSTA FREITAS NETO Redes de Sociabilidade, Redes de Poder: Maçonaria e Diplomacia Track 2 na África Francófona Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Relações Internacionais da Universidade Federal da Bahia SALVADOR - BA 2019 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema Universitário de Bibliotecas (SIBI/UFBA), com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). FREITAS NETO, EDGARD DA COSTA REDES DE SOCIABILIDADE, REDES DE PODER: Maçonaria e Diplomacia Track 2 na África Francófona / EDGARD DA COSTA FREITAS NETO. -- Salvador, 2019. 196 f. Orientador: Daniel Tourinho Peres. Dissertação (Mestrado - Programa de Pós Graduação em Relações Internacionais) -- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências - IHAC, 2019. 1. Diplomacia. 2. Track 2. 3. Maçonaria. 4. Redes Sociais. 5. África. I. Peres, Daniel Tourinho. II. Título. EDGARD DA COSTA FREITAS NETO REDES DE SOCIABILIDADE, REDES DE PODER: MAÇONARIA E DIPLOMACIA TRACK 2 NA ÁFRICA FRANCÓFONA Dissertação apresentada como requisito para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Relações Internacionais, do Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Aprovada em 16 de dezembro de 2019. Banca examinadora Prof. Dr. Daniel Tourinho Feres UÁ Prof. Dr. Victor Coutinfío)Utinno LageL; Prof. Dr. Ornar Ribeiro Thomaz DEDICATÓRIA A Valentina, minha filha, que nasceu e cresceu junto com este trabalho Lino Coelho do Valle, meu sogro, o maior “goteira” de São Jorge dos Ilhéus. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, Grande Arquiteto do Universo, que me deu a força necessária para tentar fazer um trabalho, que entrego com a beleza e sabedoria que me foram possíveis. A minha esposa Marina e minha filha Valentina, que suportaram a maior parte do custo emocional deste trabalho: cada minuto dedicado a ele foi um minuto a menos com vocês. E cada minuto longe de vocês foi uma eternidade. Aos meus pais, Raimundo e Zuleide Freitas, que sempre me apoiaram e incentivaram, e ao meu irmão Arthur, pelas observações críticas em várias discussões. E meus sogros, Lino e Civa que, na parte final da redação, se esforçaram em assegurar para mim um ambiente o mais tranquilo possível para a escrita. Aos irmãos do Capítulo Itabuna da Ordem DeMolay nº 40 e da Loja Maçônica Fraternidade, Auxílio e Verdade nº 187, junto aos quais, anos atrás, comecei a imaginar esse trabalho. Aos amigos e conhecidos que de várias formas (que eles mesmos desconhecem!) colaboraram com este trabalho: minha tia Vera Freitas, pela revisão do texto. Fred Moraes, Kaio Abreu, Evelyne Pina, Felipe Côrte-Real, Kennyo Ismail, Luiz Barreira, Daniel Kläy, Davi Miranda, Marcos Alberto, Rodrigo Peñaloza, William Almeida de Carvalho, Max Stábile e Rafael Ribeiro, por sempre estarem disponíveis para me ajudar, das mais diversas formas. Agradeço também a Alain Bauer e aos professores Guillermo de los Reyes, Paul Rich, Martha Keith Schuchard e Jessica Harland-Jacobs pela gentileza em esclarecer dúvidas e indicar fontes, e aos membros do listserv [freemasonry] pelas discussões. Agradeço imensamente a Cid Póvoas, que me ajudou na confecção dos grafos de rede apresentados neste trabalho. Agradeço ainda a Alexandra Elbakyan, sem cujos esforços este trabalho não teria sido possível. Aos colegas da Turma 2017 do PPGRI com quem tive o prazer de conviver e com eles aprender: Stela Ananda, Giselle Amorim, Vitória Moreira, Deuinalom, Tiago Scher, Lucas Lopes, Maria Garcia, Marília Ávila, Adalto Rafael, Bárbara Nunes, Claudia, Leonardo, Raianna e Rodrigo. Os laços formados no curso, sejam eles “fortes” ou “fracos” são sem dúvida permanentes. Ao meu orientador, prof. Daniel Tourinho, pelas considerações e palavras de apoio e incentivo. Aos professores do curso, em especial Daniel, Marcos, Sachetta, Denise, Renata, Victor e Elza. Aos funcionários da instituição, por toda a ajuda. Falk: Percebes, amigo, que você já é meio franco-maçom? Você reconhece, afinal, que existem verdades que ficam melhores se não ditas. Ernst: Sim, mas elas poderiam ser ditas. Falk: Ora, só que o sábio não fala daquilo que ele sabe ser melhor não-dito. Gotthold Lessing – Ernst und Falk (1778 – Tradução livre) The Quarries are hotter than Hiram's forge, No one is safe from the dog-whip's reach. It's mostly snowing up Lebanon gorge, And it's always blowing off Joppa beach; But once in so often, the messenger brings Solomon's mandate: "Forget these things! Brother to Beggars and Fellow to Kings, Companion of Princes - forget these things! Fellow-Craftsmen, forget these things!" Rudyard Kipling – Banquet Night (1926) RESUMO O presente trabalho busca investigar a possibilidade do uso de redes maçônicas de sociabilidade como elemento de condução de processos de Diplomacia Track 2. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto, a natureza e a operacionalização dos processos Track 2 são apresentadas, seguidas de uma revisão dos mecanismos de funcionamento e análise das redes sociais. As redes maçônicas são estudadas de um modo geral, detalhando-as no contexto da África Francófona. A hipótese de que as redes maçônicas podem ser usadas em iniciativas Track 2 é ao fim confirmada a partir de casos concretos analisados. Palavras-Chave: Diplomacia Track 2; Redes Sociais; Maçonaria; África; Francofonia. ABSTRACT The present work seeks to investigate the possibility of the use of Masonic networks of sociability as a driving element of Diplomacy Track 2 processes. Based on a literature review on the subject, the nature and operation of the Track 2 processes are presented, followed by a review of the functioning mechanisms and analysis of social networks. Masonic networks are studied in general, detailing them in the context of Francophone Africa. The hypothesis that Masonic networks may be useful in Track 2 initiatives is finally confirmed from the concrete cases analyzed. Keywords: Track 2 Diplomacy; Social Networks; Freemasonry; Africa; Francophone LISTA DE DIAGRAMAS DIAGRAMA 1 - Diagrama Sankey detalhando obediências estrangeiras e os países africanos em que mantém lojas (até janeiro de 2019) - 148 DIAGRAMA 2 - Diagrama em constelação com as obediências estrangeiras e os países africanos em que mantém lojas (até janeiro de 2019) - 149 DIAGRAMA 3 - Diagrama em constelação das relações de reconhecimento entre obediências africanas entre si e com europeias (até janeiro de 2019) - 150 SIGLAS ACS – American Colonization Society AEF – Afrique Equatoriale Française (África Equatorial Francesa) AOF – Afrique Occidentale Française (África Ocidental Francesa) CEMAC – Comunidade Econômica e Monetária da África Central CLIPSAS - Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances Maçonniques signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (Centro de Ligação e de Informação das Potências Maçônicas Signatárias do Apelo de Estrasburgo) CMI – Confederação Maçônica Interamericana CMSB – Confederação da Maçonaria Simbólica do Brasil COMAB – Confederação Maçônica do Brasil CPMAM – Conférence des Puissances Maçonniques d’Afrique et de Madagascar (Conferência das Potências Maçônicas Africanas e de Madagascar) CR – Compte-Rendu (Relatório Anual) da Grande Loja da França DOM-TOM - Départements d'outre-mer et territoires d'outre-mer (Departamentos e Territórios Ultramarinos Franceses) ECOSOC – United Nations Economic and Social Council (Conselho Econômico e Social das Nações Unidas) FDP – Forces Democratiques et Patriotiques (Forças Democráticas e Patrióticas – Milícia Cobra) GBRB – Grand Bénin de la Republique du Bénin (Grande Benin da República do Benin) GFEQA – Groupe Fraternel d’Étude des Questions Africaines (Grupo Fraternal de Estudo das Questões Africanas) GLB – Grande Loge du Bénin (Grande Loja do Benin) GLBF – Grande Loge du Brukina Faso (Grande Loja de Burkina Faso) GLC – Grande Loge du Congo (Grande Loja do Congo-Brazzaville) GLCI – Grand Loge de Côte d’Ivoire (Grande Loja da Costa do Marfim) GLdC – Grande Loge du Cameroun (Grande Loja de Camarões) GLdM – Grand Loge du Maroc (Grande Loja do Marrocos) GLF – Grande Loge de France (Grande Loja da França) GLFF – Grande Loge Féminine de France (Grande Loja Feminina da França) GLG – Grande Loge du Gabon (Grande Loja do Gabão) GLLP – Grande Loja Legal de Portugal GLN – Grand Loge du Niger (Grande Loga do Níger) GLNF – Grande Loge Nationale Française (Grande Loja Nacional Francesa) GLNG – Grand Loge Nationale Guinéenne (Grande Loja Nacional Guineense [Conakry]) GLNM – Grand Loge Nationale de Madagascar (Grande Loja Nacional de Madagascar) GLNMa – Grand Loge Nationale Malienne (Grande Loja Nacional Malinesa) GLNT – Grand Loge Nationale Togolaise (Grande Loja Nacional Togolesa) GLRRM – Grand Loge Regulière du Royaume du Maroc (Grande Loja Regular do Reino do Marrocos) GLS – Grand Loge du Sénegal (Grande Loja do Senegal) GLSG – Grande Loge Symbolique du Gabon (Grande Loja Simbólica do Gabão) GLSTM – Grand Loge Symbolique et Traditionelle de Madagascar (Grande Loja Simbólica e Tradicional de Madagascar GLUC – Grande Loge du Cameroun GLUCam – Grande Loge Unie du Cameroun (Grande Loja Unida de Camarões) GLUCI – Grand Loge Unie de Côte d’Ivoire (Grande Loja Unida da Costa do Marfim) GLUM – Grand Loge Unie du Maroc (Grande Loja Unida do Marrocos) GM – Grão-Mestre GOB – Grande Oriente do Brasil GOC – Grande Orient du Congo-Brazzaville
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