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For Whom? Questioning the Food and Farming Research Agenda

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For Whom? Questioning the Food and Farming Research Agenda For whom? Questioning the food and farming research agenda A special edition magazine from the Food Ethics Council Includes contributions from Miguel Altieri | Molly Anderson | Annelie Bernhart Helen Browning | Ibrahima Coulibaly | Dan Crossley Liza Draper | David Drew MP | Ralph Early Liz Hosken | Toby Hodgkin | IPES-Food Nic Lampkin | Tim Lang | Les Levidow Steve McLean | Tom MacMillan | Renato Maluf Ben Mepham | Dunja Mijatovic | Pat Mooney Marion Nestle | Clara Nicholls | Helena Paul Susanne Padel | Michel Pimbert | Jonathan Porritt Claire Robinson | Suman Sahai | Ruth Segal Steve Tones | Melanie Welham For whom? Questioning the food and farming research agenda 1 CONTENTS This collection of articles addresses key questions about how the research agenda is set Editorial: Big questions and radical change 3 in food and farming, unmasks The big question: and challenges the dominant How can food and farming research deliver for the long-term public good? 5 research paradigm, and highlights inclusive alternatives to deliver public good. In doing Challenging the status quo Research for the public good so, the Food Ethics Council seeks to challenge accepted Managing conflicts in nutrition Industry-sponsored science is opinion and spark fruitful research: a historical perspective 9 clouding the picture of how debate about the future food Marion Nestle food systems impact health 36 and farming research agenda. IPES-Food Agroecological research in EC programmes 11 Fairness and food safety: Les Levidow a research gap 38 The Food Ethics Council is a charity Dr Liza Draper that provides independent advice UK agricultural research: a different on the ethics of food and farming. approach is urgently needed 13 Pathways for the amplification Its goal is to create more conscious Helena Paul of agroecology: matching practice food systems that are fair to all with discourse 39 Research strategy for food people, animals and the planet. Clara Nicholls and Miguel Altieri and farming 15 Steve Tones Measuring farming outcomes for the public good 41 The views of contributors to this What good food research could do 16 Steve McLean magazine are not necessarily those Tim Lang of the Food Ethics Council or its How to unlock the contribution of members. Please do not reproduce An ethical research agenda agroecology in farming? 17 without permission. Articles are Susanne Padel and Nic Lampkin copyright of the authors and images Setting an ethical research agenda: as credited. Unless otherwise Agriculture research in India: the role of the public sector 43 indicated, all other content is what is and what should be 18 Ruth Segal copyright of the Food Ethics Council. Suman Sahai Ethical priorities for future agrifood research 45 Inclusive alternatives Ben Mepham Edited by: Liz Barling Co-ordinated by: Dan Crossley, Democratising food and Final viewpoint Anna Cura and Patrick Mulvany agricultural research 21 Michel Pimbert Design: James Adams Calling for a paradigm shift 48 Learning from farmer-led research 24 Food Ethics Council Publication date: January 2018 Tom MacMillan Listen to farmers: an interview Further reading 51 Food Ethics Council with Ibrahima Coulibaly, Kings Cross Hub President of CNOP-Mali 26 34b York Way, London N1 9AB Food and farming research T: 0333 012 4147 for the public good 28 Molly D. Anderson [email protected] An interdisciplinary and www.foodethicscouncil.org participatory approach to setting research priorities in Brazil 30 Renato S. Maluf The Food Ethics Council is a registered charity (charity number: Community led food and 1101885) and a company limited by agricultural research: reflecting guarantee (company no. 03901671), on experiences from Africa 32 registered in England and Wales. Liz Hosken EDITORIAL Big questions and radical change Dan Crossley Executive Director, Food Ethics Council Food is at the heart of many cultures. Food is also at the heart of many of the problems faced by society today. Research is the bridge between the problems of today and the solutions for tomorrow. Research is about addressing questions, important voices are, it seems, too but many questions underpinning the often not being heard. The questions food and farming research agenda are ‘for whom is the research being done?’ seldom asked. and ‘who should be involved?’ are more For whom? By whom? Serving pertinent than ever. whom? For what? We are not the first In highlighting lessons from farmer- to ask these questions, and I hope we led research in the UK, Tom MacMillan will not be the last. If they sound like writes that “Farmers are in high demand... big questions, it is because they are – yet it is still unusual for farmers to be in unashamedly. When the future of our the driving seat, setting the questions food systems is at stake, it is important and getting centrally involved in research to ask big questions. It is also vital to design and analysis.” This is echoed by challenge assumptions, contest the Ibrahima Coulibaly’s powerful plea to status quo, and push for ways forward “Listen to farmers! Listen to farmers! that address inequity, hunger and Listen to farmers!” damage to ecosystems and agricultural Contributors call for radical changes. biodiversity. Michel Pimbert argues that “Nothing less There are many tensions surrounding than a paradigm revolution is needed food and farming research. For starters, to democratise food and agricultural how can we ensure the impartiality of research for the common good and the research but at the same time ensure it wellbeing of the planet.” In this context, has practical relevance? What should Claire Robinson asserts that “Food and the role of corporates be? And, if farming research has taken a wrong turn corporate involvement at some level in the UK due to successive governments’ is desirable or inevitable, then how obsession with genetically modified (GM) to avoid conflicts of interest? Marion crops.” While, Clara Nicholls and Miguel Nestle explores just that issue within the Altieri present the case that “transitioning realm of nutrition research. to an agriculture based on agroecological Several of our contributors call for principles would provide rural families the research-setting process to become with significant social, economic and considerably more inclusive. The most environmental benefits, and feed the For whom? Questioning the food and farming research agenda 3 EDITORIAL world equitably and sustainably.” A paradigm shift from industrial In drawing out insights from the agriculture to diversified agroecological “We need a high- International Assessment of Agricultural systems” shows, yet again solutions are Knowledge, Science & Technology for available; much research by its nature is quality research Development (‘IAASTD’) that took place long-term – but not all. Long-term in the a decade ago, Molly Anderson highlights wrong direction is no good to anyone. agenda which the need for public sector research for We need a high-quality research agenda the public good and argues the case which strengthens a food system that strengthens a food for small-scale farmers, as being the serves people, the planet and animals “largest category of people suffering from – and that helps deliver ‘good food, for system that serves chronic undernutrition.” In the context everyone, forever’ (to borrow a phrase of small-scale ‘peasant’ producers who from Colin Tudge). people, the planet provide most people in the world with Professor Ben Mepham, our founder, food, Pat Mooney points out “Peasants’ articulates the need for research policy and animals” agroecology could be scaled up [but to be revised to address the priorities for cannot] because of the intellectual food supply, namely that they should be property policies, the kinds of research “sustainable, universal nutrition, by means orientations and the many ways the that mitigate environmental degradation; private sector has all the facetime with and respect for the rights of humans and politicians.” Suman Sahai, writing from nonhumans while remaining sensitive to India, summarises the challenge as “the the diversity of cultural norms.” real problem however, is the traditional There are three things we would like to patriarchal approach to determining see. Firstly, we want transparency in the what’s good for agriculture and farmers.” research-setting process, so that everyone Indeed, we asked our ‘big question’ can see how it is funded and who is about ‘How can food and farming research involved. Secondly, we want inclusivity in deliver for the long-term public good?’. how the research agendas are set – with Much debate remains on the detail of citizens put at the heart of this, including the ‘how’, but that it should deliver for biodiversity-enhancing farmers, who the long-term public good is surely not have perhaps most to offer, most to gain up for debate. We hear from a range of and most to lose. And thirdly, we want a contributors on this, including Jonathon framework introduced to ensure that all Porritt, shadow food and farming minister research delivers for the long-term public David Drew MP, Helen Browning and Liza good and that it contributes to fair, Draper, to name but a few. healthy, humane and environmentally Professor Tim Lang rightly says that sustainable food and farming systems “in the UK, our food research agenda is both in the UK and internationally. In our currently paralysed by the enormity of ‘final viewpoint’, we share further thoughts Brexit”, which may increase the pressure, on what we at the Food Ethics Council as Helen Paul warns, for “the UK … to believe is needed. export its industrial research platforms to No-one yet has all the answers. But other regions, especially Africa.” There is we hope you agree that this publication also talk of the need to ‘take back control’ brings together invaluable insights from from Liz Hosken, but this time not in a UK history, from different geographies Brexit context. Liz writes of the power of and from different perspectives. community-led research and the need Together we can make an ethical to build “‘affectionate alliances’ with food and farming research agenda communities in a process of taking back a priority.
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