Cosa Nostra and ’Ndrangheta Meet All Four Characteristics, Some Camorra Groups Latter Two
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Light Cannabis and Organized Crime. Evidence from (Unintended) Liberalization in Italy
HEDG HEALTH, ECONOMETRICS AND DATA GROUP WP 18/15 Light cannabis and organized crime. Evidence from (unintended) liberalization in Italy Vincenzo Carrieri; Leonardo Madio and Francesco Principe June 2018 http://www.york.ac.uk/economics/postgrad/herc/hedg/wps/ Light cannabis and organized crime. Evidence from (unintended) liberalization in Italy Vincenzo Carrieri1 Leonardo Madio2 Francesco Principe3 University of Salerno University of York University of Salerno HEDG, University of York HEDG, University of York RWI Research Network Abstract The effect of marijuana liberalization on crime is object of a large interest by social scientists and policy-makers. However, due to the scarcity of relevant data, the displacement effect of liberalization on the supply of illegal drugs remained substantially unexplored. This paper exploits the unintended liberalization of cannabis light (C-light, i.e. with low THC) occurred in Italy in December 2016 by means of a legislative gap, to assess its effect in a quasi-experimental setting. Although the liberalization interested all the Italian territory, the intensity of liberalization in the short-run varied according to the pre-liberalization market configuration of grow-shops, i.e. shops selling industrial canapa-related products that have been able to first place the canapa flowers (C-light) on the new market. We exploit this variation in a Differences-in-Differences design using a unique dataset on monthly confiscations of drugs at province level (NUTS-3 level) over the period 2016-2018 matched with data on the geographical location of shops and socio-demographic variables. We find that the legalization of C-light led to a reduction of 11-12% of confiscation of marijuana per each pre-existing grow-shop and a significant reduction of other canapa-derived drugs (plants of cannabis and hashish). -
Nomi E Storie Delle Vittime Innocenti Delle Mafie
Nomi e storie delle vittime innocenti delle mafie a cura di Marcello Scaglione e dei ragazzi del Presidio “Francesca Morvillo” di Libera Genova Realizzato in occasione della mostra “900 Nomi vittime di mafia dal 1893 ad oggi” inaugurata ad Imperia il 21 Marzo 2016 in occasione della XXI Giornata della memoria e dell’impegno - ”Ponti di memoria, luoghi di impegno”. I nomi presenti nella mostra sono quelli accertati fino all'anno 2015, ed in particolare quelli letti a Bologna durante la XX Giornata della Memoria e dell'Impegno in ricordo delle vittime innocenti delle mafie (21 marzo 2015). Il lavoro di ricerca, inizialmente limitato a quell'elenco, è stato poi implementato e aggiornato, comprendendo quindi le storie delle vittime innocenti i cui nomi sono stati letti durante la XXI Giornata della Memoria e dell'Impegno (21 marzo 2016). Sarà nostro impegno e cura eseguire successivamente gli aggiornamenti necessari. Siamo inoltre disponibili a intervenire sulle singole storie, laddove dovessero essere ravvisati errori e/o imprecisioni. EMANUELE NOTABARTOLO, 01/02/1893 Nato in una famiglia aristocratica palermitana, presto rimane orfano di entrambi i genitori. Cresciuto in Sicilia, nel 1857 si trasferisce prima a Parigi, poi in Inghilterra, dove conosce Michele Amari e Mariano Stabile, due esuli siciliani che lo influenzeranno molto. Avvicinatosi all'economia e alla storia, diventa sostenitore del liberalismo conservatore (quindi vicino alla Destra storica). Dal 1862 Emanuele Notarbartolo diventa prima reggente, poi titolare, del Banco di Sicilia, al quale si dedica a tempo pieno a partire dal 1876, salvandolo dal fallimento in seguito all'Unità d'Italia. Il suo lavoro al Banco di Sicilia inizia a inimicargli molta gente. -
Rita Borsellino, 73, Dies; a Murder Made Her an Anti‑Mafia Crusader
8/20/2018 Rita Borsellino, 73, Dies; a Murder Made Her an Anti-Mafia Crusader - The New York Times Rita Borsellino, 73, Dies; a Murder Made Her an Anti‑Mafia Crusader By Neil Genzlinger Aug. 19, 2018 In July 1992, the Sicilian Mafia sent a loud and gruesome message to those who would challenge it when it killed a prosecutor named Paolo Borsellino with a car bomb in Palermo. He was the second prosecutor to meet that fate in two months; in May, another bomb had killed Giovanni Falcone. The assassinations made news around the world, and the second one made the Mafia a new enemy: Rita Borsellino, Paolo’s younger sister. Before her brother’s death she was a pharmacist. After it, she became a leading crusader against the Mafia’s longstanding, often ruthless grip on life in Sicily, where small businesses were routinely extorted for protection money and killings were commonplace. Ms. Borsellino was often frustrated over the years as she waged that fight. In 2006 she ran for governor of Sicily and lost to Salvatore Cuffaro, the incumbent, who had been linked to the Mafia and later went to prison. In 2009 at an anti‑Mafia march, she told Agence France‑Presse, “I am angry and less optimistic than 17 years ago, when my brother was slain.” Mafia influence remains a vexing problem in Sicily and elsewhere in Italy. Yet Ms. Borsellino, who died on Wednesday in Palermo at 73 after what Italian newspapers said was a long illness, lived to see some successes as well. Among others was that when Salvatore Riina, the head of Sicily’s notorious Cosa Nostra crime syndicate and the man who ordered the murders of the two prosecutors, died last year, he was serving 26 life sentences. -
Processo Lima
CORTE DI ASSISE - SEZIONE SECONDA IN NOME DEL POPOLO ITALIANO L’anno millenovecentonovantotto il giorno quindici del mese di luglio, riunita in Camera di Consiglio e così composta: 1. Dott. Giuseppe Nobile Presidente 2. Dott. Mirella Agliastro Giudice a latere 3. Sig. Spinella Giuseppe Giudice Popolare 4. “ Cangialosi Maria “ “ 5. “ Arceri Mimma “ “ 6. “ Vitale Rosa “ “ 7. “ Urso Rosa “ “ 8. “ Rizzo Giuseppe “ “ Con l’intervento del Pubblico Ministero rappresentato dal Sostituto Procuratore della Repubblica Dott. Gioacchino Natoli, e con l’assisstenza dell’ausiliario Lidia D’Amore ha emesso la seguente SENTENZA nei procedimenti riuniti e iscritti ai N 9/94 R.G.C.A, 21/96 R.G.C.A. 12/96 R.G.C. A. CONTRO 1 1) RIINA Salvatore n. Corleone il 16.11.1930 Arrestato il 18.01.1993 - Scarcerato il 05.05.1997 LIBERO- Detenuto per altro - Assente per rinunzia Assistito e difeso Avv. Cristoforo Fileccia Avv. Mario Grillo 2) MADONIA Francesco n. Palermo il 31.03.1924 Arrestato il 21.04.1995 - Scarcerato il 05.05.1997 LIBERO - Detenuto per altro - Assente per Rinunzia Assistito e difeso Avv. Giovanni Anania Avv. Nicolò Amato del foro di Roma 3) BRUSCA Bernardo n. San Giuseppe Jato il 09.09.1929 Arrestato il 21.10.1992 - Scarcerato il 05.05.1997 LIBERO - Detenuto per altro - Assente per Rinunzia Assistito e difeso Avv. Ernesto D’Angelo 4) BRUSCA Giovanni n. San Giuseppe Jato il 20.02.1957 Arrestato il 23.05.1996 - Scarcerato il 10.04.1998 LIBERO - Detenuto per altro - Assente per Rinunzia Assistito e difeso Avv. Luigi Li Gotti del foro di Roma Avv. -
Cerca Trova: the Italian Mafia on Dutch Territory
Cerca Trova: the Italian mafia on Dutch territory Toine Spapens1 Introduction An important perceived threat of transnational organised crime is that well- organised networks spread their wings across the globe (e.g. Williams, 1994; Castells, 2000; Shelley et al., 2003; UNODC, 2010). In the Nether- lands, these concerns focus particularly on the Italian mafia – here defined as the Cosa Nostra, ‘Ndrangheta, Camorra and Sacra Corona Unita (SCU). Concerns were prompted by several indications. The Netherlands – to- gether with Spain and Belgium – emerges from threat assessments as a European hub for shipments of cocaine coming in from South America and destined for Italy and the Dutch police also apprehend a relatively large number of mafia fugitives (Europol, 2017; Sarno, 2014). In 2011, the Dutch police studied the ‘Ndrangheta’s activities on Dutch territory and concluded that it represented a threat to the Netherlands (KLPD, 2011). Apart from that, the Italian mafia excites the imagination of many people and also piqued the interest of several Dutch enforcement officers. They were personally convinced that the Netherlands were attractive for these ‘top dogs’ of organised crime to open subdivisions, and lobbied their su- periors intensively for the chance to delve deeper into the issue. In 2012, the Minister of Justice and Safety commissioned a project aimed at establishing the level of subversive activities of the Italian mafia in the Netherlands.2 The project was named Cerca Trova, which translates 1 The author is Professor of criminology at Tilburg University, The Netherlands 2 In the Netherlands, serious and organised crime is now referred to as ‘onder- mijnende criminaliteit’, which would translate into English as ‘undermining’, ‘subversive’ or ‘disruptive’ crime, though none of these terms is exact. -
AN/SO/PO 350 ORGANIZED CRIME in ITALY: MAFIAS, MURDERS and BUSINESS IES Abroad Rome Virtual World Discoveries Program
AN/SO/PO 350 ORGANIZED CRIME IN ITALY: MAFIAS, MURDERS AND BUSINESS IES Abroad Rome Virtual World DiscoverIES Program DESCRIPTION: This course analyzes the role of organized crime in Italy through historical, structural, and cultural perspectives. After an overview of the various criminal organizations that are active both in Italy and abroad, the course will focus mainly on the Sicilian mafia, Cosa Nostra. Discussion topics will include both mafia wars, the importance of the investigators Falcone and Borsellino, the Maxi Trial, and the anti-mafia state organizations, from their origins to their role today in the struggle against organized crime. The course will highlight the creation of the International Department against Mafia and the legislation developed specifically to aid in the fight against criminal organizations. It will examine the ties between Cosa Nostra and Italian politics, the period of terrorist attacks, and response of the Italian government. Finally, the course will look at the other two most powerful criminal organizations in Italy: the Camorra, especially through the writings of Roberto Saviano, and the Ndrangheta, today’s richest and most powerful criminal organization, which has expanded throughout Europe and particularly in Germany, as evidenced by the terrorist attack in Duisburg. CREDITS: 3 credits CONTACT HOURS: Students are expected to commit 20 hours per week in order complete the course LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION: English INSTRUCTOR: Arije Antinori, PhD VIRTUAL OFFICE HOURS: TBD PREREQUISITES: None METHOD OF -
Understanding the Mafia. Session 2
Understanding the Mafia. Session 2. Women. Evolutions. The role of women. A fundamental, yet secondary role. “The woman never has, and never will be affiliated, but she has always had a fundamental role” (Suraci 9, Graziosi, Pieroni, Giannini 16). - goods exchanged for alliances and to end faidas, through marriages - passive role: - 1) guaranteeing husband’s reputation - must be a virgin before marriage and must not commit adultery - 2) raising the children, transmitting the values mafiosi - seeking vengeance for males, being submissive for females Let’s talk. Because the children get indoctrinated from a young age with what is just and what is wrong under the principles and values mafiosi, alienated from the civil society that surrounds them, to what extent are they responsible for their actions? When is it that these young individuals realize (if ever) that what they are doing is inhumane? Are these women always conscious of the role they are playing and are they aware of their options and ability to denounce or change life? What could be the main obstacles inhibiting the women and children from denouncing and changing life? What role can and should the State have in informing mafiosi on their rights, their options and guarantee them protection if they decide to denounce and collaborate with the law? An evolving role. - never be affiliated, but have taken more active roles - they have become the brains of the husbands’ and sons’ actions (Suraci 8, 18, Pieroni, Saviano 158, 163) - in parallel there is transgression of the “code of honor” stating that women cannot be assassinated (Saviano 160). -
MAFIA and DRUGS Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking in Italy
MAFIA AND DRUGS Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking in Italy FABIO BERNABEI 44th Carnegie seminar 2º WORLD FORUM AGAINST DRUGS Stockholm May 25 2010 TOPICS • Historical origins and characters of: • Cosa Nostra • Camorra • Sacra Corona Unita • ‘Ndrangheta (Calabrian Mafia) • The Fifth Mafia: all roads lead to Rome COSA NOSTRA • "Cosa Nostra" is a Sicilian criminal society. the first document was in 1864, when Niccolò Turrisi Colonna, leader of the Palermo National Guard, wrote of a "sect of thieves" that operated across Sicily. • An 1865 dispatch from the prefect of Palermo first officially described the criminal phenomenon as a "Mafia". • Other than its members, Cosa Nostra makes extensive use of "associates". These are people who work for or aid a clan (or even multiple clans) but are not treated as true members. These include corrupt officials and prospective mafiosi. COSA NOSTRA / 2 Clan hierarchy • For many years, the power apparatuses of the individual clans were the sole ruling bodies within the association, and they have remained the real centers of power even after superordinate bodies were created in Cosa Nostra beginning in the late 1950s (the Sicilian Mafia Commission also known as Commissione). • Protection rackets - Arms trafficking - Loan sharking - Extortion - Control of contracting - Drug trafficking COSA NOSTRA / 3 • Starting in 1975, Cosa Nostra set up heroin refineries across the island. As well as refining heroin, Cosa Nostra also sought to control its distribution. Sicilian mafiosi moved to the United States to personally control distribution networks there. • By 1982, the Sicilian Mafia controlled about 80% of the heroin trade in the north-eastern United States. -
Influenced Transplantation: a Study Into Emerging Mafia Groups in The
Influenced Transplantation: A Study into Emerging Mafia Groups in the United States pre-1920 Simon May Submitted version deposited in Coventry University’s Institutional Repository Original citation: May, S. (2017) Influenced Transplantation: A Study into Emerging Mafia Groups in the United States pre-1920 . Unpublished PhD Thesis. Coventry: Coventry University. Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Some materials have been removed from this thesis due to Third Party Copyright. Pages where material has been removed are clearly marked in the electronic version. The unabridged version of the thesis can be viewed at the Lanchester Library, Coventry University. Influenced Transplantation: A Study into Emerging Mafia Groups in the United States pre-1920 By Simon May May 2017 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the University’s requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 2 REGISTRY RESEARCH UNIT ETHICS REVIEW FEEDBACK FORM (Review feedback should be completed within 10 working days) Name of applicant: Simon May ...................................... Faculty/School/Department: [Business, Environment and Society] International Studies and Social Science .................................................................. Research project title: PHD on Organised Crime: Links between pre-prohibition mafias in the US and Sicily Comments by the reviewer 1. Evaluation of the ethics of the proposal: 2. -
Atti Parlamentari
Camera dei Deputati – 65 – Senato della Repubblica XVII LEGISLATURA — DISEGNI DI LEGGE E RELAZIONI — DOCUMENTI — DOC. XXIII N. 38 imprenditori, al fine di evitare misure interdittive e di continuare ad operare indisturbati, attraverso fittizie adesioni alle associazioni antiracket74. Il livello di infiltrazione e di collegamento della criminalità organizzata per il tramite degli imprenditori nelle istituzioni appare ancora più allarmante ove riferito a soggetti appartenenti alle forze di polizia. Casi di collegamento tra criminalità e forze dell’ordine sono, purtroppo, emersi in vari procedimenti75. In proposito, il procuratore di Napoli, Giovanni Colangelo, ha riferito alla Commissione anche in merito alle indagini sulla inquietante vicenda della pen drive che sarebbe stata consegnata da Michele Zagaria durante il blitz che portò alla sua cattura presumibilmente a un uomo delle forze dell’ordine, presente al momento dell’irruzione nel bunker del latitante o nei momenti immediatamente successivi76 . Il distretto di Salerno Il quadro complesso e multiforme della criminalità organizzata in Campania non può ignorare le dinamiche criminali nell’area meridionale della regione. La Commissione ha approfondito questa realtà nel corso della missione a Salerno, raccogliendo dagli investigatori e dai magistrati della DDA del capoluogo elementi di sicura rilevanza, che smentiscono la vulgata di un territorio a lungo considerato meno interessato, se non addirittura esente, alle pressioni della camorra. Il procuratore Giovanni Lembo ha infatti sottolineato “la capacità di penetrazione nel tessuto economico-sociale e anche politico-imprenditoriale, con la realizzazione in alcuni casi di veri e propri cartelli criminali, che hanno monopolizzato alcune attività economiche di primaria importanza, direi importanza strategica, nell’economia salernitana”77. -
Brief History of Sicilian Mafia
For centuries, there had been banditry in southern Italy. It is not surprising when we consider that the area south of Rome was ruled for hundreds of years by foreign powers and the land was generally (mis)managed by absentee landlords. In their absence, the bandits stepped in to enforce the payment of dues or meagre profits from the peasants to the landowners, creaming a lot off the top. Stealing from the rich to give to the poor was no part of their raison d’etre. Over time, they became the landowners’ enforcers and then began to take over large tracts but it was the unification of Italy, following Garibaldi’s march through Sicily and up through southern Italy defeating and forcing the capitulation of the Spanish Bourbons, rulers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which gave them their greatest opportunity . If you have read “The Leopard” by Giuseppe di Lampedusa or seen the film, you will have recognised that the Mafia were gaining an important role in the running of Sicilian cities, towns and regions; they were gaining election as mayors and they were marrying into families of the nobility of the island. The Risorgimento whilst unifying the country also exaggerated the division between the north and the south. Sicilians often used to dispute (at least publicly) the existence of the Mafia or La Cosa Nostra (Our Thing) as the organisation names itself. They claimed that it was a northern construct. However, there is an excellent book by Gianni Riotta, “Prince of the Clouds”, which describes how the mafia, acting as a private army on behalf of the landowner against her peasants, uses force and murder to keep the poor of Sicily under control. -
De Mauro Strangolato Dalla Mafia Un Pentito Rivelacom E Fu Ucciso Il Giornalista Scomodo
Il cronista de «l'Ora» scomparve 23 anni fa Il movente del delitto: «Rompevicoglioni» Gaspare Mutolo ora racconta che l'ordine Adesso i giuclia n^riranno l'incHestaK fu dato dal boss Stefano Bontate Pure Mario Francese; del «Giornaledi Sicilia» Quattro i killer, tutti poi morti ammazzati fu assassinato dai sicari di Cosa Nostra De Mauro strangolato dalla mafia Un pentito rivela come fu ucciso il giornalista scomodo Sarà riaperta l'inchiesta sulla scomparsa, avvenuta "Papà non è ancora tornato", avranno fatto"... Alle nove e quel villino di campagna), tra i 23 anni fa, di Mauro De Mauro. Secondo il racconto - mi disse, e raccontò della mac mezzo bussarono alla porta: quattro uomini d'onore corre -•H;fcM>r.V.,M[. 55 del pentito Gaspare Mutolo, il giornalista de «l'Ora» china che ripartiva. Verso le tre quattro uomini. Il primo si fece un cenno. Tre di loro afferrano fu strangolato. Quattro killer su mandato del boss .telefonammo al giornale di Si avanti e salutò. "Buongiorno" k il giornalista per le braccia. Il cilia, per vedere se magari fos disse. "Sono il commissario : quarto gli mette una «cordicel Stefano Bontate. «Rompeva i coglioni». Aveva sco se là. Non c'era nessuno. Re- ' Boris Giuliano, della squadra la» intomo ai collo. Cosi muore perto gli intrecci del golpe Borghese? Mutolo rac -. starnino ad aspettarlo. Faceva- ; omicidi". Si mìsero subito a - Mauro De Mauro: strangolato Le mille piste conta che anche Mario Francese, del «Giornale di " mo l turni alla finestra». ' verbalizzare il racconto di mia • 'Allora, in Cosa Nostra, non Sicilia», fu ucciso dalla mafia («Dava fastidio»).