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An Experimental Examination of Selected Maneuvers That May 4 U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809 443 April, 2002 An Experimental Examination of Selected Maneuvers That May Induce On-Road Untripped, Light Vehicle Rollover - Phase I-B of NHTSA’s 1997-1998 Vehicle Rollover Research Program DISCLAIMER This document has been prepared under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The opinion, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. When trade or manufacturers’ names or products are mentioned, it is only because they considered essential to the object of the document and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. i NOTE REGARDING COMPLIANCE WITH AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT SECTION 508 For the convenience of visually impaired readers of this report using text-to-speech software, additional descriptive text has been provided for graphical images contained in this report to satisfy Section 508 of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). This additional descriptive text is provided in Appendix C at the end of this report. ii Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipients's Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date An Experimental Examination of Selected Maneuvers That April 2002 May Induce On-Road Untripped, Light Vehicle Rollover - Phase I-B of NHTSA’s 1997-1998 Vehicle Rollover 6. Performing Organization Code Research Program NHTSA/NRD-22 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. J. Gavin Howe, W. Riley Garrott, and Garrick Forkenbrock VRTC-86-0421 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)n code National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Research and Test Center P.O. Box 37 11. Contract of Grant No. East Liberty, OH 43319 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 400 Seventh Street, S.W. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, DC 20590 NHTSA/NRD-22 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract The research described in this report is a natural outgrowth of the work that was performed for Phase I-A of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) 1997 - 1998 Light Vehicle Rollover Research program. When originally planned, NHTSA’s 1997 - 1998 Light Vehicle Rollover Research program was to consist of the Phase I research which was to develop a set of test maneuvers to be used, and the Phase II research which was to use the Phase I maneuver set to measure the on-road, untripped, maneuver induced rollover propensities of a broad range of vehicles. However, preliminary analysis of the Phase I-A results revealed a number of issues that had to be resolved before the Phase II testing could begin. Therefore, the spring through fall of 1997 testing was renamed the Phase I-A research and additional testing, called the Phase I-B research, was performed during the fall of 1997 and the winter and spring of 1998. During the latter part of Phase I-A, it was decided that a steering controller should be purchased to provide more repeatable steering inputs. While waiting for delivery of the steering controller, several studies were conducted to evaluate driver, outrigger, and fuel level effects on test results. The objectives of Phase I-B Light Vehicle Rollover Research program were to: develop an understanding of driver variability, outrigger, and fuel level effects on test results; procure and implement testing with a programmable steering controller; and make a final determination of the maneuvers to be selected for use in Phase II of the Light Vehicle Rollover Research program. There were several driver effects found, but these are greatly diminished with the use of the steering controller. Based on limited results, the outriggers tend to dampen the response at higher frequencies and increase the response at lower frequencies. These changes appear to be relatively small especially for the normal outrigger case. Fuel level appears to have a negligible effect on test results. Four Vehicle Characterization and five Untripped Rollover Propensity maneuvers were developed for Phase II Research. The four Vehicle Characterization maneuvers are: Pulse Steer, Sinusoidal Sweep, Slowly Increasing Steer, and Slowly Increasing Speed. The five Untripped Rollover Propensity maneuvers are: J-Turn, J-Turn with Pulse, Fishhook #1, Fishhook #2, and Resonant Steer. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement On-Road, Untripped Rollover Propensity Document is available to the public through the Static Stability Factor, Tilt Table Ratio, Critical Sliding National Technical Information Service, Velocity, and Lateral Acceleration at Rollover Springfield, VA 22161 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 318 Form DOT F1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................... xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................... xix TECHNICAL SUMMARY ................................................... xx 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1 1.1 Relationship to Previous Phase of Research ............................. 1 1.2 Focus of This Study ............................................... 1 1.3 Overview of This Report ........................................... 2 2.0 BACKGROUND ....................................................... 3 3.0 STUDY OBJECTIVES ................................................. 12 4.0 TEST VEHICLES ..................................................... 13 4.1 Vehicles Selected ................................................ 13 4.2 Static and Dynamic Rollover Metric Values for the Test Vehicles .......... 13 5.0 VEHICLE INSTRUMENTATION ........................................ 15 5.1 Sensors and Sensor Locations ....................................... 15 5.2 Programmable Steering Machine .................................... 17 6.0 TEST PROCEDURES .................................................. 18 6.1 Driver Variability Test Procedures ................................... 18 6.1.1 J-Turn (Without Pulse Braking) Maneuver - Driver Controlled Test Procedures ........................................... 18 6.1.2 J-Turn With Pulse Braking Maneuver - Driver Controlled Test Procedures ............................................... 19 6.1.3 Fishhook Without Pulse Braking Maneuver Test Procedure ........ 20 6.1.4 Fishhook With Pulse Braking Maneuver - Driver Controlled Test Procedures ........................................... 22 6.2 Test Procedures to Examine the Effect of Outriggers on Test Results ........ 23 6.2.1 Fishhook Without Pulse Braking Test Procedures - Outrigger Effects .................................................. 23 6.2.2 Fishhook With Pulse Braking Test Procedures - Outrigger Effects . 24 6.2.3 Frequency Response Test Procedures - Outrigger Effects .......... 25 6.3 Test Procedures to Examine the Effect of Fuel Level on Test Results ........ 25 6.4 Steering Controller Test Procedure ................................... 25 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 6.4.1 J-Turn With Pulse Braking Maneuver - Steering Controller Test Procedures ............................................ 26 6.4.2 Fishhook Maneuver - Steering Controller Test Procedures .......... 26 6.4.3 Resonant Steer Maneuver - Steering Controller Test Procedures ..... 28 7.0 DRIVER VARIABILITY EFFECTS ON TEST RESULTS .................... 31 7.1 J-Turn Maneuver Test Results and Analysis - Driver Effects .............. 31 7.1.1 J-Turn Tests Performed for Each Vehicle ....................... 31 7.1.2 The J-Turn and Rollover Propensity ............................ 36 7.1.3 Driver Variability Effects on the Repeatability of the J-Turn Maneuver ................................................ 36 7.1.4 J-Turn Testing Problems ..................................... 50 7.1.5 Summary of Driver Controlled J-Turn Results .................... 51 7.2 J-Turn With Pulse Braking Maneuver Test Results and Analysis - Driver Effects ................................................... 52 7.2.1 J-Turn With Pulse Braking Tests Performed for Each Vehicle ....... 52 7.2.2 J-Turn With Pulse Braking and Rollover Propensity ............... 64 7.2.3 Driver Variability Effects on the Repeatability of the J-Turn With Pulse Braking Maneuver ................................ 65 7.2.4 J-Turn With Pulse Braking Problems ........................... 71 7.2.5 Summary of Driver Controlled J-Turn With Pulse Braking Results . 71 7.3 Fishhook Without Pulse Braking Maneuver Test Results and Analysis - Driver Effects ................................................... 73 7.3.1 Fishhook Without Pulse Braking Tests Performed for Each Vehicle .................................................. 73 7.3.2 Baseline Fishhook Test Results - Driver Comparison .............. 74 7.3.3 The Effects of Tire Size on Fishhook Test Results ................ 89 7.3.4 Fishhook Testing Problems .................................. 92 7.3.5 Summary
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