DOCSLIB.ORG

Soft Surface Roll Mechanics Parameters for Light Vehicle Rollover Accident Reconstruction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Soft Surface Roll Mechanics Parameters for Light Vehicle Rollover Accident Reconstruction Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2007-07-18 Soft Surface Roll Mechanics Parameters for Light Vehicle Rollover Accident Reconstruction Kevin Claude Henry Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Henry, Kevin Claude, "Soft Surface Roll Mechanics Parameters for Light Vehicle Rollover Accident Reconstruction" (2007). Theses and Dissertations. 1436. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1436 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. SOFT SURFACE ROLL MECHANICS PARAMETERS FOR LIGHT VEHICLE ROLLOVER ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION by Kevin C. Henry A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Brigham Young University August 2007 Copyright © 2007 Kevin C. Henry All Rights Reserved BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Kevin C. Henry This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. Date David W. Jensen, Chair Date Steven E. Benzley Date Kenneth W. Chase BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Kevin C. Henry in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library. Date David W. Jensen Chair, Graduate Committee Accepted for the Department E. James Nelson Graduate Coordinator Accepted for the College Alan R. Parkinson Dean, Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology ABSTRACT SOFT SURFACE ROLL MECHANICS PARAMETERS FOR LIGHT VEHICLE ROLLOVER ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION Kevin C. Henry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Master of Science Light vehicle rollover accidents on soft surfaces can be modeled assuming constant drag with linear motion equations and other engineering principles. The concept of using segment average results to evaluate roll mechanics parameters throughout a roll sequence, and specifically, segment duration to evaluate vehicle trajectory between ground impacts is developed. The trajectory model is presented, explained and compared to values obtained by analyzing digital video of rollover crash tests. Detailed film analysis procedures are developed to obtain data from rollover crash tests that are not otherwise documented. Elevation of the center of gravity of vehicles is obtained where instrumentation does not explicitly yield this data. Instantaneous center of gravity elevation data throughout a roll sequence provides the opportunity to calculate descend distances as a vehicle travels from one ground contact to another. This data is used to quantify severity of ground impacts as a vehicle interact with the ground throughout a roll sequence. Segment average analysis is a reasonable method for determining general roll mechanics parameters. Because of the chaotic nature of rollover accidents, the range of effective drag factors for a given roll surface may be quite large. Choosing an average of typical drag factors is a reasonable approach for a first-order approximation although certain parameters may be predicted less accurately than if actual values were known. The trajectory results demonstrate the influence of drag factor descent height calculations. Typical constant drag factors tend to overestimate descent height early in a roll sequence and underestimate descent height later in the sequence. The trajectory model is a useful tool to aid in understanding rollover mechanics although a rolling vehicle may be in contact with the ground for a significant fraction of a roll segment. The model should not be used at locations in roll sequences where there are extremes in translational center of gravity decelerations. These extremes include the segments immediately following overturn where there are large angular accelerations and large differences between the tangential velocity of the vehicle perimeter and the translational velocity of the center of gravity, as well as segments that include vehicle impacts with irregular topography. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research included in this thesis was made possible by General Motors® and Ford Motor Company®. I thank the gracious individuals at these corporations for allowing me access to proprietary crash test data for analysis in this work. I also thank Geoff Germane and the entire Germane Engineering staff for their input and assistance. I thank Dr. Jarrod Carter of Origin Engineering and Pete Luepke of Exponent®. I thank Dr. David W. Jensen as my thesis advisor, and Dr. Steven E. Benzley and Dr. Kenneth W. Chase as committee members for their input on this project. I also thank my family for their support. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................xvii LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................xix 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Motivation .......................................................................................................1 1.2 Collision Type Overview ................................................................................4 1.3 Prior Work.......................................................................................................6 1.4 Contribution...................................................................................................12 1.5 Approach .......................................................................................................12 2 Current Industry Standard Analysis Procedures ................................................15 2.1 Segment Average Analysis............................................................................15 2.2 Trajectory Analysis Based on Segment Average Results .............................20 3 Equations Governing Analysis of a “Rolling” Body ............................................29 3.1 Kinetic Energy...............................................................................................29 3.2 Moments of Inertia........................................................................................30 3.3 Tangential Velocity.......................................................................................34 3.4 Instantaneous Center of Rotation ..................................................................37 3.5 Euler Equations of Motion ............................................................................39 4 Rollover Testing.......................................................................................................41 4.1 Description of FMVSS 208 Dolly Rollover Testing.....................................41 4.2 Description of Analyzed Rollover Tests .......................................................43 xv 4.3 Data Reduction for Test 1 (1989 Chevrolet Blazer)......................................44 4.4 Data Reduction for Test 2 (1998 Ford Expedition).......................................48 4.5 Data Reduction for Test 3 (2004 Volvo XC90) ............................................48 4.6 Data Reduction for Test 4 (1985 Toyota Pickup) .........................................51 5 Roll Mechanics Parameters and Results ...............................................................53 5.1 Ground Contact Ratio....................................................................................57 5.2 Drag Factors..................................................................................................59 5.3 Roll Angle.....................................................................................................60 5.4 Translational Velocity...................................................................................62 5.5 Roll Rate........................................................................................................65 5.6 Energy............................................................................................................69 6 Trajectory Analysis and Results ............................................................................75 6.1 Test 1 (1989 Chevrolet Blazer) .....................................................................76 6.2 Test 2 (1998 Ford Expedition) ......................................................................82 6.3 Trajectory Summary......................................................................................88 7 Discussion of Results ...............................................................................................91 8 Conclusions, Contributions and Recommendations ............................................95 References ........................................................................................................................99
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State of Louisiana Shall Remain Valid for Sixty (60) Days After Discharge, Provided the License Was Valid (Not Expired, Suspended Or Revoked) Upon Entrance to Service
    Class D & E Driver’s Guide LOUISIANA OFFICE OF MOTOR VEHICLES DPSMV2052 (R042013) Message from the Commissioner “Welcome to driving in Louisiana.” I am pleased to present the Louisiana Driver’s Guide to our new and current drivers. This guide is designed to provide you with the rules of the road, knowledge to assist you in making better driving decisions, and valuable information on safety and sharing the road with others. It is incumbent upon you, the driver, to respect all traffic laws and other drivers as well. Driving is a vital part of life. It provides you with a means of attaining the necessities of daily living as well as providing you with the added convenience to move about at leisure. The driving experience, however, is a privilege and comes with great responsibilities. Please strive to become a safe and dependable driver to ensure that this privilege is not lost. Driving, the same as life, is a constant learning experience. The information contained in this guide, along with your experience and responsive actions while driving, will assist in protecting you, your family, and other drivers. This guide is not intended to be an official legal reference to the Louisiana traffic laws. It only highlights those laws, driving practices and procedures that you will use most often. It should be noted that the material in this guide is subject to change to comply with amended State and Federal legislations. Remember to buckle up. Safety belts save lives. Let’s work together to make Louisiana a safer place for all. Stephen F.
    [Show full text]
  • TABLE of CONTENTS 1 Before Driving 2 When Driving 3 Interior
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Adjusting and operating features such as door locks, mir- 1 Before driving rors, and steering column. 2 When driving Driving, stopping and safe-driving information. Air conditioning and audio systems, as well as other interior 3 Interior features features for a comfortable driving experience. 4 Maintenance Cleaning and protecting your vehicle, performing do-it-your- and care self maintenance, and maintenance information. 5 When trouble What to do if the vehicle needs to be towed, gets a flat tire, arises or is involved in an accident. 6 Vehicle specifications Detailed vehicle information. Reporting safety defects for US owners and seat belt in- 7 For owners structions for Canadian owners. Index Alphabetical listing of information contained in this manual. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Index 1-6. Theft deterrent system 1 Before driving Engine immobilizer system......... 70 Alarm.................................................... 72 1-1. Key information Theft prevention labels Keys ...................................................... 22 (U.S.A.)............................................. 74 1-2. Opening, closing and locking the 1-7. Safety information doors Correct driving posture............... 75 Wireless remote control.............. 24 SRS airbags ....................................... 77 Side doors .......................................... 26 Front passenger occupant classification system.................... 90 Back door............................................ 31 Child restraint systems ................. 95 1-3. Adjustable
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in the Static Stability Factor of Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Vans
    DOT HS 809 868 June 2005 NHTSA Technical Report Trends in the Static Stability Factor of Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Vans This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear only because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT HS 809 868 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date June 2005 Trends in the Static Stability Factor of Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Vans 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Marie C. Walz 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Office of Regulatory Analysis and Evaluation Planning, Evaluation and Budget 11. Contract or Grant No. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, DC 20590 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Department of Transportation NHTSA Technical Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, DC 20590 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Rollover crashes kill more than 10,000 occupants of passenger vehicles each year. As part of its mission to reduce fatalities and injuries, since model year 2001 NHTSA has included rollover information as part of its NCAP ratings. One of the primary means of assessing rollover risk is the static stability factor (SSF), a measurement of a vehicle’s resistance to rollover. The higher the SSF, the lower the rollover risk.
    [Show full text]
  • MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SINGLE VEHICLE ACCIDENT STUDY VOLUME II: Technical Report
    DOT HS- 803 653 MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SINGLE VEHICLE ACCIDENT STUDY VOLUME II: Technical Report Kurucz, Morrow, Fogarty, Jaicek and Mapper University of Miami Post Office Box 8294 Coral Gables, Florida * Contract No. DOT HS- 060.3-611 Contract Amt. $229,882 NOVEMBER 1911 FINAL REPORT This document is available to the U.S. public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 Prepared For U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, D.C. 20590 * Prepared for the Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, under Contract No. DOT-HS-060-3-671. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publica­ tion are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No.­ 2 (,a v...r.rnenr Ar, nss^un 140. :1. Neup^enrs Catalog No. DOT -HS -_80_3 653 - 1 4 Tltle and Subr.rle­ 5. Rep a.t [dare Single Vehicle Accident Study­ November, 1977 Final Report­ b Par(orm,ng Organital on Code r8. Perlo ming Orgomration Report No. I 1. Authortsl­ Final Report Kurucz, Morrow, Fogarty, Janicek and Klapper 9. Performing Organi=otion Name and Address­ 3. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) University of Miami P.O. Box 8294­ I). Contract or Grant No. Coral Gables, Florida­ DOT-HS-060-3-671 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final Report 1973-1976 Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, D.C. 20590 14 Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Contract Technical Manager:­ Nicholas G.
    [Show full text]
  • Rollover of Heavy Commercial Vehicles
    Rollover of Heavy Commercial Vehicles - UMTRI-99- 19 August, 1999 C. B. Winkler R. D. Ervin The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48 109 for Volvo Truck Corporation, AB Goteborg, Sweden and the Great Lakes Center for Truck and Transit Research Ann Arbor, Michigan Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Reciplent's Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date August, 1999 Rollover of Heavy Commercial Vehicles 6. Performing Organization Code 8. Performing Organlzatlon Report Nio. 7. Author@) Winkler, C. B.; Ervin, R.D. - 9. Performing Organlzation Name and Address 1 10. work unit NO. (TRAIS) The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 11. Contract or Grant NO. 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150 13. Type of Report and Perlod Coverejd - 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final Report Volvo Truck Corporation, 1B Great lakes Center for Truck and Transit Research 14. Sponsoring Agency Code I 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract The state-of-the-art understanding of rollover of the commercial vehicle is reviewed. Accident statistics are presented which highlight the severity and lethal nature of rollover crashes. Physical and statistical evidlence for the linkage between vehicle roll stability and the actual occurrence of rollover accidents is presented. The fundamentals of static roll stability are described in detail and then enhanced with discussion of dynamilc considerations of the rollover process. The text concludes with a discussion of the evolving use of intelligent electronic systems and active vehicle control for reducing the occurrence of rollover.
    [Show full text]
  • A Demonstration of the Dynamic Tests Developed for NHTSA's NCAP Rollover Rating System Phase VIII of NHTSA's Light Vehicle R
    US Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809 705 August 2004 A Demonstration of the Dynamic Tests Developed for NHTSA’s NCAP Rollover Rating System Phase VIII of NHTSA’s Light Vehicle Rollover Research Program i Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 809 705 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date A Demonstration of the Dynamic Tests Developed for NHTSA’s NCAP August 2004 Rollover Rating System - Phase VIII of NHTSA’s Light Vehicle Rollover 6. Performing Organization Code Research Program NHTSA/NVS-312 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Garrick J. Forkenbrock, NHTSA Bryan C. O’Harra and Devin Elsasser, Transportation Research Center Inc. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Research and Test Center 11. Contract or Grant No. P.O. Box 37 East Liberty, OH 43319 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Final Report 400 Seventh Street, S.W. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20590 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract The work presented in this report focused on testing the dynamic rollover resistance of 14 new vehicles using the maneuvers and procedures developed by NHTSA during previous phases of its Light Vehicle Rollover Research Program. Results from seven sport utility vehicles (SUVs), four pick-ups, and three passenger cars are presented. The vehicles were selected on the basis of their inclusion in the 2004 New Car Assessment Program (NCAP).
    [Show full text]
  • Owner's Manual 2020
    22 25 2020 Owner's Manual 22 25 Owner's Manual LS95-EU92A 2019 KIA MOTORS AMERICA. INC. 2019-01-31 ฀฀ 5:33:09 WARNING – California Proposition 65 “Operating, servicing and maintaining a passenger vehicle or off-road vehicle can expose you to chemicals including engine exhaust, carbon monoxide, phthalates, and lead, which are known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. To minimize exposure, avoid breathing exhaust, do not idle the engine except as necessary, service your vehicle in a well-ventilated area and wear gloves or wash your hands frequently when servicing your vehicle. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/passenger- vehicle.” on_en_us.book Page 1 Thursday, January 31, 2019 2:23 PM FOREWORD Dear Customer, Thank you for selecting your new Kia vehicle. As a global car manufacturer focused on building high-quality vehicles with excep- tional value, Kia Motors is dedicated to providing you with a customer service experi- ence that exceeds your expectations. If technical assistance is needed on your vehicle, authorized Kia dealerships can pro- vide you with factory-trained technicians, recommended special tools, and genuine Kia replacement parts. This Owner's Manual will acquaint you with the operation of features and equipment that are either standard or optional on this vehicle, along with the maintenance needs of this vehicle. Therefore, you may find some descriptions and illustrations not applicable to your vehicle. You are advised to read this publication carefully and follow the instructions and recommendations. Please always keep this manual in the vehicle for your, and any subsequent owner's, reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Rating System for Rollover Resistance. an Assessm
    COVER FINAL-R26/5/029:47PMPagec1 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NON-PROFIT ORG U.S. POSTAGE National Research Council 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW PAID WASHINGTON, DC Washington, DC 20418 PERMIT NO. 8970 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED ISBN 0-309-07249-2 An Assessment An NHTSA’s ating System for Rollover Resistance Rollover for System ating R TRB 265 REPORT SPECIAL THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES THE NATIONAL RESEARCH BOARD TRANSPORTATION The National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration’s The NationalHighwayTraffic R R ollover Resistance ating Systemfor SPECIAL REPORT 265 SPECIAL REPORT An Assessment Transportation Research Board Special Report 265 Subscriber Category IVB safety and human performance Transportation Research Board publications are available by ordering individual pub- lications directly from the TRB Business Office, through the Internet at national acad- emies.org/trb, or by annual subscription through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. For further information, contact the Transportation Research Board Business Office, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 (telephone 202-334-3214; fax 202-334-2519; or e-mail [email protected]). Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
    [Show full text]
  • Reduction Effectiveness of Static Stability Factor in Passenger Vehicles DISCLAIMER
    DOT HS 812 444 August 2017 Trends and Rollover- Reduction Effectiveness of Static Stability Factor in Passenger Vehicles DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade names, manufacturers’ names, or specific products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Suggested APA Format Reference: Pai, J. (2017, August). Trends and Rollover-Reduction Effectiveness of Static Stability Factor in Passenger Vehicles. (Report No. DOT HS 812 444). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT HS 182 444 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Trends and Rollover-Reduction Effectiveness of Static August 2017 Stability Factor in Passenger Vehicles 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Jia-Ern Pai 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Evaluation Division; National Center for Statistics and Analysis National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 11. Contract or Grant No. Washington, DC 20590 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA Technical Report 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Testing of Effective Rollover Protective Structures for Light Vehicles
    Design and testing of effective Rollover Protective Structures for Light Vehicles Shane Richardson1, George Rechnitzer1, Tia Orton1, Maxwell Shifman1, Roger Zou1 and 2 Steve Crocker 1 DVExperts International (Australia and USA) 2 DUYS Engineering (South Africa) Abstract - DVExperts International (DVE) has developed requirements for vehicle rollover protection systems for military, mining and civilian use. The world’s major resource companies have identified rollover crashes of light vehicles (Pickups and SUV’s) as a serious problem for both their own and contractor vehicles operated on their sites. The structural rollover protective systems were being developed and manufactured locally for vehicles operating sites to no specific requirement(s) and resulted in a range of outcomes. Following a commercial tender process DVE structural requirements have been adopted for fleets of 4x4 vehicles (Pickups and SUV’s). The rollover structural requirements are based on DVE research into rollover protective systems and define loading, intrusion and robustness criterion. The analysis and testing processes used to develop and validate the rollover protective structural systems. Structural solutions have been manufactured by DUYS Engineering (South Africa), Largo Tank & Equipment (USA) and Industrias Metalicas Miller (Colombia). The design criteria, analysis and testing processes used to develop and validate the rollover protective structural systems are presented, and provide a basis for roof strength design for all light vehicles, OEM or otherwise. Keywords: Rollover Protective Structures, ROPS, Occupant Protection, Vehicle Safety BACKGROUND This paper originates from a background of professional and forensic engineers, safety researchers, manufacturers and resource industry officials who have had many years experience looking at the catastrophic outcomes of poor design and inadequate design standards in our transport system, as well as designing safer systems [4, 5, 6, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 & 24].
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Specific Geometric Features on Truck Operations and Safety at Interchanges
    Impact of Specific Geometric Features on Truck Operations and Safety at Interchanges Final Technical Report Volume I R, Ervin M. Barnes C. MacAdam R. Scott Contract Number: DTFH6 1-82-C-00054 August 1985 The University of Michigan UMTRI Transportation Research Institute NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the view of the contractor, who is responsible for the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers ' names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. 1. Rwrc No. 2. C.mwnt Accoa~iamNo. 3. Recipimt's C~oi.0No. 4. Title ad Subtitle 5. Report Dote August 1985 IMPACT OF SPECIFIC GEOMETRIC FEATURES 08 TRUCK &. p-iwOrCirnm OPERATIONS AND SAFETY AT INTERCHANGES Vol. I - Technical Report 8. P-y O~).nix.cion Ropott No. 7. Add.) R. Ervin, M, Barnes, C. MacAdam, WRI-85-33/1 R. Scott 9. Pu(.rriy Ormir.(ion NH adM&osr 10. Wok Unit No. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 11. Con~rwtor hmtNO. 2901 Baxter Road nmwhi - 87 --c 00054 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 13- VP of R.rwc 4 period cevrad 12. Swnsuiy +mcy NI. .rrd U)nms Final Federal Highway Administration 9/82 - 8/85 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Motor Vehicle Rollover Crashes and Injury Outcomes
    DOT HS 810 741 March 2007 An Analysis of Motor Vehicle Rollover Crashes and Injury Outcomes Published by NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names are mentioned, it is only because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipients's Catalog No. DOT HS 810 741 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date An Analysis of Motor Vehicle Rollover Crashes and March 2007 Injury Outcomes 6. Performing Organization Code NPO-121 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Alexander Strashny 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)n code Mathematical Analysis Division, Office of Traffic Records and Analysis National Center for Statistics and Analysis National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 11. Contract of Grant No. U.S. Department of Transportation NPO-121, 400 Seventh Street SW. Washington, DC 20590 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13.
    [Show full text]