Constructing Youth Citizenship in Montreal and Mexico City: the Examples of Youth-Police Relations in Saint-Michel and Iztapalapa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Constructing Youth Citizenship in Montreal and Mexico City: the Examples of Youth-Police Relations in Saint-Michel and Iztapalapa Constructing youth citizenship in Montreal and Mexico City: The examples of youth-police relations in Saint-Michel and Iztapalapa Julie-Anne Boudreau, Diane E. Davis, Nathalie Boucher, Olivier Chatel, Clémence Élizabeth, Laurence Janni, Alain Philoctète, Héctor Salazar Salame Titre Auteur Constructing youth citizenship in Montreal and Mexico City: The examples of youth-police relations in Saint-Michel and Iztapalapa Julie-Anne Boudreau, Diane E. Davis, Nathalie Boucher, Olivier Chatel, Clémence Élizabeth, Laurence Janni, Alain Philoctète, Héctor Salazar Salame Laboratoire Ville et ESPAces politiques (VESPA) Institut national de la recherche scientifique Centre - Urbanisation Culture Société Janvier 2012 Directed by/dirigé par: Julie-Anne Boudreau and/et Diane E. Davis Prepared by/preparé par: Julie-Anne Boudreau, Nathalie Boucher, Olivier Chatel, Diane E. Davis, Clémence Élizabeth, Laurence Janni, Alain Philoctète, and/et Héctor Salazar Salame With the collaboration of/avec la collaboration de: Antoine Noubouwo Partly translated into English by/ partiellement traduit vers l’anglais par: Nathalie Boucher, Joana Borrero Luz, and/et Alexia Bhéreur-Lagounaris Project financed by/un projet finance par: Centre Metropolis du Québec Canada Research Chair in Urbanity, Insecurity, and Political Action/Chaire de recherche du Canada sur l’urbanité, l’insécurité et l’action politique Diffusion : Institut national de la recherche scientifique Centre – Urbanisation Culture Société 385, rue Sherbrooke Est Montréal (Québec) H2X 1E3 Téléphone : (514) 499-4000 Télécopieur : (514) 499-4065 www.ucs.inrs.ca ISBN 978-2-89575-267-7 Dépôt légal : - Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2012 - Bibliothèque et Archives Canada © Tous droits réservés Avant-propos Ce rapport est issu d’une courte mais intense recherche comparative mettant en parallèle les quartiers de Saint-Michel à Montréal et les sept barrios d’Iztapalapa à Mexico. Ce projet comparatif est né d’une collaboration précédente avec le Réseau continental de recherche sur l’informalité dans les métropoles (RECIM). Il a été financé par le Centre Métropolis Québec et la Chaire de recherche du Canada sur l’urbanité, l’insécurité et l’action politique. À Montréal, les recherches ont été menées par Clémence Elizabeth et Alain Philoctète sous la supervision de Julie-Anne Boudreau. Au Mexique, elles ont été conduites par Héctor Salazar Salame sous la supervision de Diane E. Davis. Les objectifs de recherche ont été discutés dès le départ avec nos partenaires, le Centre international pour la prévention de la criminalité (CIPC) et le Centre national de prévention du crime (CNPC) au Canada. Suite à la phase de cueillette des données, une rencontre a eu lieu afin de discuter des résultats préliminaires. Nos partenaires ont également fourni des commentaires sur la première ébauche de ce rapport. Nous les remercions pour leur enthousiasme durant tout ce processus, tout particulièrement Rolando Ochoa du CIPC et Mary-Anne Kirvan du CNPC. Bien entendu, toutes inexactitudes qui pourraient subsister dans ce rapport ne sont attribuables qu’aux auteurs. Plusieurs personnes ont facilité cette recherche, tout particulièrement lorsque nous étions sur le terrain. Nous désirons tout d’abord remercier les jeunes avec qui nous avons parlé. Il n’est pas toujours facile de faire confiance à des chercheurs qui posent parfois des questions sur des sujets sensibles. C’est donc avec grande reconnaissance que nous soulignons leur confiance, leur volonté de nous confier leur histoire et de nous partager leurs idées éclairantes. À Montréal, nous aimerions aussi saluer le support d’Harry Delva et son équipe de jeunes patrouilleurs de la Maison d’Haïti qui nous ont énormément aidés à tisser des liens avec les jeunes. Nous remercions aussi Vincent Richer, qui était alors commandant du poste de police de quartier à St-Michel (PDQ 30) et qui nous a permis de parler avec les policiers. Soulignons également la contribution d’Anie Samson, maire de l’arrondissement, et Nawal Bekhechi, son attaché politique, qui nous ont donné accès à de nombreux documents sur la prévention dans le quartier. Finalement, une reconnaissante toute particulière va aux membres du Laboratoire Ville et ESPAces politiques (VESPA) qui ont contribués parfois dans des délais serrés à rendre ce rapport possible : Nathalie Boucher, Laurence Janni, Alexia Bhéreur- Lagounaris, Antoine Noubouwo, Olivier Chatel et Joana Borrero Luz, merci de votre souplesse, de vos idées inspirantes et de votre enthousiasme. iv Au Mexique, nous voudrions remercier chaleureusement Epifanio Margarito Ruiz Urrea (Margarito pour les intimes), sans qui le travail de terrain aurait été impossible. Il nous a généreusement donné accès à ses contacts, ses amis et sa maison. De même, nous aimerions souligner l’apport du coordonnateur général de la sécurité publique d’Iztapalapa, Lic. Rosario Novoa Peniche. Non seulement nous a-t-elle octroyé plusieurs entrevues, mais elle nous a également ouvert la porte pour rencontrer les officiers locaux et métropolitains de sécurité publique. Elle a facilité l’organisation de patrouilles avec les policiers d’Iztapalapa et ceux de la région métropolitaine. Nous tenons finalement à remercier Carlos Salazar pour son soutien au début de cette étude et pour les nombreuses heures qu’il a consacré à transcrire les 30 heures d’entretiens que nous avons faits à Iztapalapa. Enfin, un mot sur les langues utilisées dans cette recherche : ce rapport, ses documents adjacents et les discussions avec les membres des équipes, les partenaires et les chercheurs de Mexico ont été rédigé en anglais puisque c’était la seule langue commune. Par contre, sur les terrains, nous avons travaillé en espagnol au Mexique et en français à Montréal. Nous espérons trouver le budget nécessaire pour le traduire vers le français. Le sommaire exécutif est cependant disponible dans les deux langues. v Foreward This report is the result of a short but intense comparative research project that took place in parallel in the neighbourhood of Saint-Michel in Montreal and the seven barrios of Iztapalapa in Mexico City. The idea for this comparison came from previous team member collaborations within the framework of the Réseau continental de recherche sur l’informalité dans les métropoles (RECIM). The project was financed by the Quebec Metropolis Center and the Canada Research Chair in Urbanity, Insecurity, and Political Action. In Montreal, research was conducted by Clémence Élizabeth and Alain Philoctète, under the supervision of Julie-Anne Boudreau. In Mexico, research was conducted by Héctor Salazar Salame, under the supervision of Diane E. Davis. Research objectives and questions were discussed with our partners, the International Centre for the Prevention of Crime (ICPC) and the National Crime Prevention Centre of Canada (NCPC) at the beginning of the project. Following data collection, another meeting was held in order to discuss preliminary results and our partners provided comments on the first draft of this final report. We wish to thank them for their enthusiasm throughout this project, particularly Rolando Ochoa from the ICPC and Mary-Anne Kirvan from the NCPC. Any remaining inaccuracies that may exist are, of course, the sole responsibility of the authors of this report. There are many people that made this project possible, particularly in the field. We wish to start by thanking the youths with whom we spoke. It is not always easy to trust researchers when they come and ask questions about sometimes sensitive issues. For their trust, their willingness to speak, and their enlightening ideas, we wish to salute these youths. In Montreal, we also wish to acknowledge the support of Harry Delva and his team of youth patrollers from the Maison d’Haïti, who helped us immensely in approaching youths. Thank you as well to Vincent Richer, who was Commandant of the neighbourhood police station (PDQ 30) in Saint-Michel, for letting us speak to his team, and to Anie Samson, Borough Mayor, and her political aide, Nawal Bekhechi, who gave us access to a number of documents on the prevention projects of the neighbourhood. Finally, a special acknowledgement goes to the team at the Laboratoire Ville et ESPAces politiques (VESPA) who all contributed at the last minute to make this report possible, despite very tight deadlines: Nathalie Boucher, Laurence Janni, Alexia Bhéreur-Lagounaris, Antoine Noubouwo, Olivier Chatel and Joana Borrero Luz, merci de votre souplesse, de vos idées inspirantes et de votre enthousiasme. vi In Mexico, we wish to warmly thank Epifanio Margarito Ruiz Urrea (Margarito for short), without whom fieldwork would have been impossible. He generously gave us access to his barrio, his friends and his house. Similarly, we wish to acknowledge the help of the Public Security General Coordinator in Iztapalapa, Lic. Rosario Novoa Peniche. She not only granted us numerous interviews, but also gave us access to public security officials at the borough and city level, as well as allowing us to go on a ride- along with police in Iztapalapa, and was the catalyst for getting the ride-along with Metropolitan police officers. Lastly, thanks are due to Carlos Salazar for his support during the early stages of this research and for his invaluable work transcribing the over thirty hours of interviews conducted in Iztapalapa. Finally, a note on language: this report, as well as all working documents used in our discussion with partners and researchers in Mexico, was written in English as this
Recommended publications
  • Deposito Tetepilco. Mexico Av
    Deposito Tetepilco. Mexico Av. Municipio Libre 402, Colonia San Andrés Tetepilco 09440, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico The Depósito Tetepilco site is located in the mixed-used housing along the urban North-Eastern side of the Iztapalapa corridors. Parks and educational facilities municipality, one of the most emblematic, are adjacent to the site, providing dense, and culturally rich municipalities of opportunities for integrating the proposals the city. Its location offers easy access to to the surroundings. major roads and public transport. Bidders will have the opportunity to develop With an area of 166,120 sqm, the site mixed-use proposals that include retail, currently hosts several buildings including services, and educational and energy the main offices, workshops, and operation generation. yards of the Electric Transport Service (Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos - STE), In addition, as a legacy of a longstanding which is the agency in charge of managing history of electric mobility, STE and the city and operating electric transport in Mexico are looking forward to proposals that City. recognize its heritage and commitment to This site holds the extraordinary potential to connecting the residents across the city, reorganize and enhance STE’s current using clean energy, and promoting a more operational program, free up space, and efficient, innovative, and sustainable allow the integration of new uses. development, mainly water management Land uses in the proximity of the site are and energy generation. predominantly low-density housing and Expected program: Plot area: The site is currently used for administrative 166,120 sqm offices, storage, and operation of STE, the current property area will be subdivided to allow Type of property transfer intended: the introduction of new land uses while keeping Two possible scenarios: STE´s current operations.
    [Show full text]
  • EL CARNAVAL DE CULHUACAN: Expresiones De Identidad Barrial
    EL CARNAVAL DE CULHUACAN: expresiones de identidad barrial Cristina Oehmichen Introduccion La celebracion del carnaval en la ciudad de Mexico constituye hoy una rareza. Ello se debe entre otras cosas a su desarticulaci6n provo- cada desdu la epoea eolonial debido a la persecuci6n y sanciones de las que fue objeto. Sin embargo, aun es posible observar que en diversos barrios y pueblos antiguos de la capital la celebraci6n anual de esta fiesta con- tinua reaiizandose en fechas variables durante los primeros meses de cada ano, muchas veces con autonomia del calendario religioso. La sola existencia del carnaval constituye una viva expresi6n de la resistencia cultural de los barrios al paso de los siglos. Es a la vez Una actividad que permitc ratificar alianzas y dotar de significado al barrio como una unidad de residcncia distinla a otro tipo de asenta- mientos urbanos. En la ciudad dc Mexico existen una gran cantidad de barrios tradicionales. Bstos se eneuentran ubicados fundamentalmente en el sur y oricntc de la capital, aunque tambi6n se preservan algunos en el ponicntc, fundamentalmente en las regioncs menos afectadas por la urbanizacion y cl crecimiento industrial- Los barrios tradicionales corresponden especialmente a los lu- gares de ascntamicnto prchispanico de lo que fuera la cuenea de 163 Crisiina Oehmichen M6xico. En ello se puede observar que en mayor o en nienor medida sus habitantes poseen una riea memoria historiea que muehas veces se simboliza en lugares y objetos propios del espacio. Se tiene tam- bi6n una noei6n aeerca del origen que suele reivindicarse desde un pasado remoto o "tiempo base" [Gravano, 1989] sea mitico o real, que permite a los habitantes de la entidad barriai compartir un senti- do de autoadseripci6n y pertenencia ante una urbe an6nima y extra- na.^ Estos barrios en su origen formaron parte de las instituciones indias dotadas por los conquistadores.
    [Show full text]
  • The Report on the Urban Safety Governance Assessment In
    Iztapalapa Report 2021 UNODCity SAFETY GOVERNANCE APPROACH IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FOR SAFE, INCLUSIVE AND RESILIENT CITIES United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Mexico) Urban Safety Governance Assessment 2 The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, Member States or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any kind of endorsement. The content and information in this publication may be reproduced in whole and/or in part, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The following reference is suggested: Report of the Urban Safety Governance Assessment in Iztapalapa, Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2021. Comments on this report are welcome, please send to: Avenida Patriotismo 711, San Juan Mixcoac, Benito Juárez, C.P. 03730, Ciudad de México. Tel. +52 55 52 78 1000 ext. 1723 [email protected] www.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx Copyright © United Nations, 2021. All rights reserved worldwide. First edition: may 2021 Printed in Mexico Acknowledgments The Report of the Urban Safety Governance Assessment in Iztapalapa was prepared by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) through the Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice (CoE). The Center of Excellence acknowledges the valuable contributions provided by Angela Me, Gautam Babbar, Gayathry Venugopal, Max Menn, Nina Grellier, Silva De Pedro, Simonetta Grassi, and Sven Pfeiffer from HQ- UNODC-Vienna and Stephanie Loose from UN- Habitat. Editorial team Salomé Flores Teresa Navarrete Fabiola Olvera Lisseth Nava Shaní Alvarez Stefany Cortés Ana Karen Padilla 3 The Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice is grateful for the valuable input and support received from the following institutions: The Mayor's Office of Iztapalapa: General and Executive Offices, as well as Territorial Directorates.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Water in Mexico City
    Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 2016 The Politics of Water in Mexico City Richelle Van Dusen Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Van Dusen, Richelle, "The Politics of Water in Mexico City" (2016). University Honors Theses. Paper 354. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.343 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Politics of Water in Mexico City Richelle Van Dusen Portland State University Honors Thesis Fall 2016 The privatization of water in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area is a long and complex process that continues today. The city’s greatest privatization effort, the National Water Law of 1992, was imposed by the federal government with assurances of improvement in accessibility, quality and sustainability. The resulting system that exists today has been largely ineffective in achieving these initial goals. Despite some progress in infrastructure, the partially-private system has aggravated the very social inequalities it aimed to alleviate, further marginalizing the poorest citizens through their water’s high costs, far-reaching inaccessibility, and poor quality. In the decentralized water system, contradictions become apparent. Promises of expansion and improvement are unkept and unpunished, accountability is lost between government and private agencies, leaving citizens confused about who holds the responsibility, the blame, and most importantly, the solution.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Sitios Patrimoniales
    Programa General de Desarrollo Urbano del Distrito Federal 2001 3. SITIOS PATRIMONIALES NOMBRE DELEGACIÖN NOMBRE DELEGACIÓN ALTAVISTA, SAN ANGEL, CHIMALISTAC, HACIENDA GUADALUPE-CHIMALISTAC Y Álvaro Obregón SANTA BÁRBARA Azcapotzalco 1 BATÁN BARRIO VIEJO, EJE 31 PATRIMONIAL AV. DE LA PAZ, ARENAL 2 AXOTLA Álvaro Obregón 32 SANTA LUCIA Azcapotzalco EJE PATRIMONIAL RUTA DE LA Álvaro Obregón SANTA MARÍA MANINALCO Azcapotzalco 3 AMISTAD 33 4 OBSERVATORIO Álvaro Obregón 34 SANTIAGO AHUIZOTLA Azcapotzalco 5 PUEBLO TETELPAN Álvaro Obregón 35 SANTO TOMÁS Azcapotzalco BARRIO DE MIXCOAC, INSURGENTES SAN BARTOLO AMEYALCO Álvaro Obregón Benito Juárez 6 36 MIXCOAC, SAN JUAN, 7 SANTA FE Álvaro Obregón 37 BARRIO DE XOCO Benito Juárez 8 SANTA LUCÍA Álvaro Obregón 38 LA PIRÁMIDE Benito Juárez 9 SANTA MARÍA NONOALCO Álvaro Obregón 39 NIÑOS HÉROES DE CHAPULTEPEC Benito Juárez 10 SANTA ROSA XOCHIAC Álvaro Obregón 40 SAN LORENZO Benito Juárez 11 TIZAPÁN Álvaro Obregón 41 SAN PEDRO DE LOS PINOS Benito Juárez AZCAPOTZALCO, EJE PATRIMONIAL TACUBA-AZCAPOTZALCO, SAN SIMÓN, Azcapotzalco SAN SIMON TICUMAC Benito Juárez 12 LOS REYES,NEXTENGO, SAN MARCOS 42 ANGEL ZIMBRÓN. 13 BARRIO COLTONGO Azcapotzalco 43 SANTA CRUZ ATOYAC Benito Juárez 14 BARRIO DE SAN ANDRÉS PAPANTLA Azcapotzalco 44 TLACOQUEMECATL Benito Juárez BARRIO DE LOS REYES Y BARRIO DE BARRIO DE SAN SEBASTIAN Azcapotzalco Coyoacán 15 45 LA CANDELARIA 16 BARRIO DE SANTA APOLONIA Azcapotzalco 46 CENTRO CULTURAL UNIVERSITARIO Coyoacán 17 BARRIO HUATLA DE LAS SALINAS Azcapotzalco 47 CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA Coyoacán
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 and Inequalities in Mexico City
    Spatial analysis of COVID-19 and inequalities in Mexico City Rodríguez-Izquierdo, Emilio1, Pérez-Jiménez, Sol2, Merino-Pérez, Leticia1, Mazari-Hiriart, Marisa2 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México. 2 Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México. Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused over 300,000 deaths worldwide. Currently, in Mexico City, one of the largest urban centers in the world, the number of people infected and the deaths due to de COVID-19 is still increasing. The distribution of COVID-19 is likely to be shaped by both environmental conditions and social processes related to the city’s unplanned growth and social inequalities. Here we present a descriptive, spatially explicit account of the distribution of the COVID-19 for the 7th of January to 13th of May of 2020 period, that considers patterns of distribution of COVID-19 and whether or not it was affected by water availability as well as household overcrowding. Understanding the distribution patterns’ of the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico City is relevant for future urban planning and health policy making, both aspects related to the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Keywords: COVID-19; spatial analysis; water availability; household overcrowding. Introduction Mexico City is a megacity with 8,918,653 inhabitants (INEGI, 2010) located within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) that is inhabited by more than 20 million people (OECD, 2015). As most megacities in the developing world, Mexico City is characterized by rapid and generally unplanned urbanization in the peripheries (Baeza et al., 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.La Tradición De Tener Animales En Los Pueblos Originarios
    Iztapalapa, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades ISSN: 0185-4259 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa México Losada Custardoy, Hermenegildo; Cortés Zorrilla, José; Rivera Martínez, Juan Gabriel; Losada Custardoy, Teresa La tradición de tener animales en los pueblos originarios de Iztapalapa Iztapalapa, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, núm. 60, enero-junio, 2006, pp. 155-180 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=39348719010 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto La tradición de tener animales en los pueblos originarios de Iztapalapa Hermenegildo Losada Custardoy* José Cortés Zorrilla* IZTAPALAPA Juan Gabriel Rivera Martínez* Agua sobre lajas Teresa Losada Custardoy** Resumen En los pueblos originales de la delegación Iztapalapa la presencia de animales domésticos y fauna está estrechamente vinculada con las actividades agropecuarias desde tiempos prehispánicos. Los animales están asociados con diversas actividades sociales y cum- plen una amplia gama de funciones: transporte de personas o mercancías, juegos, ornamento, carne, etcétera. La producción animal se desarrolló en tres modelos básicos de agricultura: la de traspatio (autoconsumo), mercado comercial y mercado local o regional. A mediados del siglo xx, la delegación Iztapalapa impulsó un programa que prohibió tener animales en áreas con- sideradas urbanas; sin embargo, la presencia de animales en ella * Profesores-investigadores mantiene una relación cercana con los aspectos culturales, lo del Área de Desarrollo Agropecuario Sustentable cual entra en contradicción con los aspectos legales y económicos.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico City Analysis MEXICO CITY MEXICALI
    Mexico City Analysis MEXICO CITY MEXICALI HERMOSILLO CHIHUAHUA MONTERREY SALTILLO CULIACAN LA PAZ DURANGO CIUDAD VICTORIA ZACATECAS AGUASCALIENTES SAN LUIS POTOSI TEPIC GUANAJUATO GUADALAJARA QUERETARO MERIDA PACHUCA CAMPECHE JALAPA PLAXCALA COLIMA MORELIA PUEBLA CHETURNAL CUERNAVACA CHILPANCINGO VILLAHERMOSA OAXACA TUXTLA GUTIERREZ MEXICO CITY CITY POPULATION (INHABITANTS) more than 1,000,000 from 500,000 to 1,000,000 from 100,000 to 500,000 from 50,000 to 100,000 less than 50,000 MEXICAN REPUBLIC - POPULATION DENSITY BY CITY SOURCE: INEGI, 2000 BAJA CALIFORNIA SONORA BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR CHIHUAHUA COAHUILA SINALOA DURANGO NUEVO LEON ZACATECAS TAMAULIPAS SAN LUIS NAYARIT POTOSI GUANAJUATO HIDALGO YUCATAN JAUSCO MICHOACAN DF COLIMA MEXICO PUEBLA QUINTANA ROO MORELOS CAMPECHE VERACRUZ TABASCO GUERRERO OAXACA CHIAPAS POPULATION (HAB/KM2) more than 600 from 100 to 500 from 50 to 100 from 30 to 50 from 10 to 30 less than 10 MEXICAN REPUBLIC. POPULATION DENSITY BY STATE. ZMVM SOURCE: INEGI, 2000. D.F. AVERAGE MONTHLY HUMIDITY (%) 80 70 60 50 40 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC http://www.differentworld.com/mexico/climate_data/city _charts/mexico_city_i.htm D.F. AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE (°C) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ D.F. AVERAGE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (mm) 250 200 150 100 50 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC http://www.advantagemexico.com/mexico_city/weather. html CLIMATE DATA. ZMVM ZONA METROPOLITANA DEL VALLE DE MEXICO 11 13 2 12 8 DISTRITO FEDERAL 16 1 5 Iztapalapa15 4 7 14 9 10 DELGACIONES 1.
    [Show full text]
  • El. Carnaval De Culhuacán: Expresiones De Identidad Bamal
    El. Carnaval de Culhuacán: expresiones de identidad bamal Cristina Oehmichen Introducción Lacelebración del carnaval en la ciudad de México constituye hoy una rareza. Ello se debe, en,tre otras cosas, a la desarticulación de que fue objeto desde la época colonial mediante persecución y sanciones. Sin embargo, aún es posible observar que en diversos barrios y pueblos antiguos de la capital, la celebración anual de esta fiesta continúa realizándose en fechas variables durante los primeros meses de cada año, muchas veces con autonomía del calendario religioso.' La sola existencia del carnaval constituye una viva expresión de la resistencia cultural de los barrios al paso de los siglos. Es a la vez, una actividad que permite ratificar alianzas y doltar de significado al barrio como una unidad de residencia distinta a otro tipo de asentamientos urbanos. En la ciudad de México existe una gran cantidad de barrios tradicionales que se encuentran ubicados principalmente en el sur y el oriente de la capital, aunque también se preservan algunos en el poniente, en las regiones menos afectadas por la urbanización y el crecimiento industrial. 29 IZTAPALAPAX Los barrios tradicionales corresponden espacial- tipo de asentamientos urbanos. No obstante, es pre- mente a los lugares de asentamiento prehispánico de ciso conocer la función actual de los barrios y la lo que fuera la Cuenca de México. En ellos se puede persistencia de un conjunto de tradiciones culturales observar que, en mayor o menor medida, sus babi- que expresan en la actualidad. Es decir, cabe pregun- tanta poseen una rica memoria histórica que mu- tarse por qué en la época moderna, los barrios tradi- chas veces se simboliza en lugares y objetos propios cionales afianzan su identidad; por qué, a pesar de del espacio.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinampa Agricultural System of Mexico City Mexico
    CHINAMPA AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM OF MEXICO CITY MEXICO A PROPOSAL FOR DESIGNATION AS GLOBALLY IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE SYSTEMS (GIAHS) GOVERNMENT OF MEXICO CITY AUTHORITY OF THE WORLD NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ZONE IN XOCHIMILCO, TLÁHUAC AND MILPA ALTA MEXICO CITY JULY 7th, 2017 A"PROPOSAL"FOR"GIASH"DESIGNATION! 1! TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Information Summary 4 Description of the Globally Important Agricultural 11 Heritage Systems I. Characteristics of the GIAHS proposed 11 1. Food security and livelihoods. 19 2. Biodiversity and ecosystem functions 27 27 3. Knowledge systems and adapted technologies 34 4. Cultures, systems of values and social organizations 48 (agri-culture) 5. Remarkable landscapes, land and water resources 56 management features. II. Historical significance. 62 III. Contemporary relevance. 65 IV. Threats and challenges. 68 V. Practical considerations. 69 1. Ongoing efforts to promote GIAHS 69 2. Potentialities and opportunities for sustainability and 70 management of GIAHS. 3. Expected impacts of GIAHS on society and ecology. 70 4. Motivation of the local communities, the national/local 70 authorities and other relevant stakeholders. 5. References 72 VI. Dynamic Conservation Plan 77 1. General Action Plan 81 2. Dynamic Plan of Specific Actions (2017-2022) 89 • Data Sheet for the Supply and Marketing Center in 94 Xochimilco (Muyuguarda) • Data Sheet for the Supply and Marketing Center in 97 Tláhuac (Tlaltenco) • Data Sheet for the Research and Production Center 100 of seeds and planting material of Xochimilco. • Data sheet for the Chinampa Agricultural Park of 103 Mexico City VI. Complementary data 107 1. Evolution of the Mexico City’s lacustrine zone and its 107 chinampa system 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Crime Patterns in Mexico City
    Piña‑García and Ramírez‑Ramírez J Big Data (2019) 6:65 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537‑019‑0228‑x CASE STUDY Open Access Exploring crime patterns in Mexico City C. A. Piña‑García1* and Leticia Ramírez‑Ramírez2 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1 Laboratorio para el Análisis Introduction: Life in the city generates data on human behavior in many diferent de Información Generada a través de las Redes Sociales ways. Measuring human behavior in terms of criminal ofenses plays a critical role on en Internet (LARSI), Centro identifying the most common crime type in each urban area. A primary concern for de Estudios de Opinión the population of the largest cities in the world is to avoid specifc city zones that could y Análisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico show a signifcant risk. This case of study systematically explores diferent sources of Full list of author information data including social media related to crime reports. In addition, this research seeks to is available at the end of the examine and predict the most frequent crimes in Mexico City. article Case description: This case study was conducted in the form of an exploratory research. One of the parties involved is the Mexico City Police Department which released the approximate locations and categories of all crime reports from January 2013 to September 2016. We analyze the impact of crime in Mexico City based on 13 ofcial crime categories: Robbery passerby, Theft of motor vehicle, Robbery of business property, Card fraud, Homicide, Domestic burglary, Robbery on public transportation, Rape, Firearm injuries, Robbery in subway, Robbery on taxi, Robbery to carrier, and Rob‑ bery to deliver person.
    [Show full text]
  • II International Seminar on Gender and Space and III Latin-American Seminar on Geography, Gender and Sexualities
    Call for papers II International Seminar on Gender and Space and III Latin-American Seminar on Geography, Gender and Sexualities May 16-19, 2017 Metropolitan Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Iztapalapa, Azcapotzalco, Cuajimalpa and Xochimilco Mexico City First communication OrGanized by the Metropolitan Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Iztapalapa, Azcapotzalco, Cuajimalpa and Xochimilco, in collaboration with University’s Gender Studies ProGram, the GeoGraphy Institute, the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature and the University’s City Studies ProGram of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ponta Grossa Estadual University, Rondonia Federal University, Federal of Santa María University and Federal of Rio Grande University of Brasil. This second meetinG is intended to promote discussion on the main theoretical and methodoloGical problems reGardinG the study of the relationship between Gender, sexuality and space. Both seminars aim to establish a permanent Seminar in which new ideas can be discussed, exchanged and produced in an interdisciplinary environment. Specialists and scholars from the fields of social sciences and the humanities are cordially invited to submit unpublished papers and documentary materials on the subject. II International Seminar on Gender and Space and III Latin-American Seminar on Geography, Gender and Sexualities members will subsequently be expected to meet periodically in Mexico City or elsewhere to report their own research progress and enGaGe in theoretical and methodoloGical discussions, as well as share their research experiences. Of particular interest to the Seminar is the orGanization of a Gender and space research network. Seminars ProceedinGs will be published in diGital format on the Internet, and a printed volume will be prepared with the most noteworthy papers.
    [Show full text]