The Report on the Urban Safety Governance Assessment In
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Iztapalapa Report 2021 UNODCity SAFETY GOVERNANCE APPROACH IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FOR SAFE, INCLUSIVE AND RESILIENT CITIES United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Mexico) Urban Safety Governance Assessment 2 The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, Member States or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any kind of endorsement. The content and information in this publication may be reproduced in whole and/or in part, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The following reference is suggested: Report of the Urban Safety Governance Assessment in Iztapalapa, Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2021. Comments on this report are welcome, please send to: Avenida Patriotismo 711, San Juan Mixcoac, Benito Juárez, C.P. 03730, Ciudad de México. Tel. +52 55 52 78 1000 ext. 1723 [email protected] www.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx Copyright © United Nations, 2021. All rights reserved worldwide. First edition: may 2021 Printed in Mexico Acknowledgments The Report of the Urban Safety Governance Assessment in Iztapalapa was prepared by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) through the Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice (CoE). The Center of Excellence acknowledges the valuable contributions provided by Angela Me, Gautam Babbar, Gayathry Venugopal, Max Menn, Nina Grellier, Silva De Pedro, Simonetta Grassi, and Sven Pfeiffer from HQ- UNODC-Vienna and Stephanie Loose from UN- Habitat. Editorial team Salomé Flores Teresa Navarrete Fabiola Olvera Lisseth Nava Shaní Alvarez Stefany Cortés Ana Karen Padilla 3 The Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice is grateful for the valuable input and support received from the following institutions: The Mayor's Office of Iztapalapa: General and Executive Offices, as well as Territorial Directorates. Our special thanks go to the staff assigned to the General Office on Government and Citizen Protection, for their efforts and support throughout the implementation of this assessment. The Mexico City Ministry of Public Security: Office of the Deputy Minister of Prevention and Citizen Participation, personnel of the General Office of Citizen Participation and Auxiliary Police of the Abastos- Reforma, Churubusco, Estrella, Granjas, Oasis, Quetzalcoatl, Santa Cruz, Teotongo and Tezonco sectors, for their support and involvement. The Mexico City Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation: General Office of Institutional Liaison and staff, for managing and facilitating exchanges. General Offices of Higher Education Institutes (IEMS, as abbreviated in Spanish), for coordinating activities with the IEMS located in Iztapalapa. The National Electoral Institute: Executive Director of Electoral Training and Civic Education, Executive Vocal of the Local Board in Mexico City, Vocal of Electoral Training and Civic Education of the Local Board in Mexico City and staff assigned to the Local Executive Boards of Districts 04, 18, 19, 20 and 22, for their valuable supervision and participation. Transcrime, for their contributions to crime analysis. Our special thanks to the Directors, Academic Coordinators and staff of the following academic institutions: CONALEP Aztahuacan, CONALEP Iztapalapa 1 and 5, Technological Institute of Iztapalapa I, II and III. IMEP University Campus Santa Martha Acatitla, Elementary School Juan B. Tijerina (morning and afternoon shifts) and Elementary School Lomas de San Lorenzo, for their support in coordinating activities and for their valuable contributions. To the business sector: Businesspeople Association of Iztapalapa, Mexican Confederation of Employers (COPARMEX, as abbreviated in Spanish) of Iztapalapa, National Chamber of the Restaurant and Spice Industry (CANIRAC, as abbreviated in Spanish) and guild members, for their contributions. To the organized civil society that allowed us to get to know their work and opinions: Organization Together We Distribute and Transform I.A.P (Private Assistance Institution), Carry on-Street Children Program A.C. (Civil Association), Social Laboratory and the Citizen Council for Security and Justice of Mexico City. We would like to extend our special thanks to all the people who accompanied us in the different activities that contributed to the participatory social diagnosis during field work: girls, boys, youths, women, men, elders, community leaders, public officials, police, businesspeople and civil society, who allowed us to listen to their needs and opinions and through them learn about the current situation of Iztapalapa. To all of them, thank you. Your thoughts and expressions have been a fundamental input for the development of this text, which aims to give you a voice, share your concerns and propose actions to improve the quality of life of the people of Iztapalapa through the strengthening of governance in your territory. 4 Contents PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................................12 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................15 URBAN SAFETY GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT APPROACH ............................................................................17 1. URBAN AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT ..........................................................................................................22 1.1. GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................................. 24 1.2. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE ................................................................................. 24 1.3. CULTURAL CONTEXT OF IZTAPALAPA ............................................................................................................................. 28 1.4 GOVERNANCE IN IZTAPALAPA .................................................................................................................................................................... 31 1.4.1 Public security legal framework of the Mayor’s Office of Iztapalapa ...................................... 33 1.4.2. Public Security and Justice Institutions working with the Mayor's Office of Iztapalapa .. 33 1.4.3. Public security actions ............................................................................................................................ 35 2. MAIN CHALLENGES IN IZTAPALAPA ................................................................................................................48 2.1 CRIME OVERVIEW OF IZTAPALAPA ...................................................................................................................................... 48 2.1.1 Perception of insecurity in Iztapalapa ............................................................................................... 48 2.1.2 Witnessing antisocial behavior............................................................................................................. 50 2.1.3 Most reported crimes in Iztapalapa .................................................................................................... 52 2.1.4 Illicit drug and arms markets in Iztapalapa ................................................................................... 107 2.1.5 Organized criminal groups in Iztapalapa ....................................................................................... 116 2.2 PROBLEMATIC USE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS .................................................................................................................................. 129 2.3 URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN IZTAPALAPA .................................................................................................... 135 2.3.1 Housing deterioration and quality .................................................................................................... 136 2.3.2 Essential urban services ........................................................................................................................ 138 2.3.3 Health problems due to environmental abandonment ............................................................. 139 2.3.4 Deficiencies in infrastructure and equipment for urban mobility .......................................... 141 2.4 RISK ANALYSIS IN 44 NEIGHBORHOODS OF IZTAPALAPA ............................................................................................................ 155 3. ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES OF THE MAYOR’S OFFICE OF IZTAPALAPA ..... 158 Principle 1. Promoting a participatory society ......................................................................................... 158 Principle 2. Guaranteeing the Rule of Law................................................................................................ 162 Principle 3. Having transparency mechanisms ....................................................................................... 163 Principle 4. Acting responsibly and reactively ........................................................................................