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Chapter 11 the Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus Longimanus
Chapter 11 The Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus longimanus Ramón Bonfi l, Shelley Clarke and Hideki Nakano Abstract The oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) is a common circumtropical preda- tor and is taken as bycatch in many oceanic fi sheries. This summary of its life history, dis- tribution and abundance, and fi shery-related information is supplemented with unpublished data taken during Japanese tuna research operations in the Pacifi c Ocean. Oceanic whitetips are moderately slow-growing sharks that do not appear to have differential growth rates by sex, and individuals in the Atlantic and Pacifi c Oceans seem to grow at similar rates. They reach sexual maturity at approximately 170–200 cm total length (TL), or 4–7 years of age, and have a 9- to 12-month embryonic development period. Pupping and nursery areas are thought to exist in the central Pacifi c, between 0ºN and 15ºN. According to two demographic metrics, the resilience of C. longimanus to fi shery exploitation is similar to that of blue and shortfi n mako sharks. Nevertheless, reported oceanic whitetip shark catches in several major longline fi sheries represent only a small fraction of total shark catches, and studies in the Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico suggest that this species has suffered signifi cant declines in abundance. Stock assessment has been severely hampered by the lack of species-specifi c catch data in most fi sheries, but recent implementation of species-based reporting by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and some of its member countries will provide better data for quantitative assessment. -
Fish) of the Helford Estuary
HELFORD RIVER SURVEY A survey of the Pisces (Fish) of the Helford Estuary A Report to the Helford Voluntary Marine Conservation Area Group funded by the World Wide Fund for Nature U.K. and English Nature P A Gainey 1999 1 Summary The Helford Voluntary Marine Conservation Area (hereafter HVMCA) was designated in 1987 and since that time a series of surveys have been carried out to examine the flora and fauna present. In this study no less that eighty species of fish have been identified within the confines of the HVMCA. Many of the more common fish were found to be present in large numbers. Several species have been designated as nationally scarce whilst others are nationally rare and receive protection at varying levels. The estuary is obviously an important nursery for several species which are of economic importance. A full list of the fish species present and the protection some of them receive is given in the Appendices Nine species of fish have been recorded as new to the HVMCA. ISBN 1 901894 30 4 HVMCA Group Office Awelon, Colborne Avenue Illogan, Redruth Cornwall TR16 4EB 2 CONTENTS Summary Location Map - Fig. 1.......................................................................................................... 1 Intertidal sites - Fig. 2 ......................................................................................................... 2 Sublittoral sites - Fig. 3 ...................................................................................................... 3 Bathymetric chart - Fig. 4 ................................................................................................. -
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Demersal Fish Fauna in a Baltic Archipelago As Estimated by SCUBA Census
MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 23: 3143, 1985 Published April 25 Mar. Ecol. hog. Ser. 1 l Spatial and temporal distribution of the demersal fish fauna in a Baltic archipelago as estimated by SCUBA census B.-0. Jansson, G. Aneer & S. Nellbring Asko Laboratory, Institute of Marine Ecology, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT: A quantitative investigation of the demersal fish fauna of a 160 km2 archipelago area in the northern Baltic proper was carried out by SCUBA census technique. Thirty-four stations covering seaweed areas, shallow soft bottoms with seagrass and pond weeds, and deeper, naked soft bottoms down to a depth of 21 m were visited at all seasons. The results are compared with those obtained by traditional gill-net fishing. The dominating species are the gobiids (particularly Pornatoschistus rninutus) which make up 75 % of the total fish fauna but only 8.4 % of the total biomass. Zoarces viviparus, Cottus gobio and Platichtys flesus are common elements, with P. flesus constituting more than half of the biomass. Low abundance of all species except Z. viviparus is found in March-April, gobies having a maximum in September-October and P. flesus in November. Spatially, P. rninutus shows the widest vertical range being about equally distributed between surface and 20 m depth. C. gobio aggregates in the upper 10 m. The Mytilus bottoms and the deeper soft bottoms are the most populated areas. The former is characterized by Gobius niger, Z. viviparus and Pholis gunnellus which use the shelter offered by the numerous boulders and stones. The latter is totally dominated by P. -
Marine Fish Conservation Global Evidence for the Effects of Selected Interventions
Marine Fish Conservation Global evidence for the effects of selected interventions Natasha Taylor, Leo J. Clarke, Khatija Alliji, Chris Barrett, Rosslyn McIntyre, Rebecca0 K. Smith & William J. Sutherland CONSERVATION EVIDENCE SERIES SYNOPSES Marine Fish Conservation Global evidence for the effects of selected interventions Natasha Taylor, Leo J. Clarke, Khatija Alliji, Chris Barrett, Rosslyn McIntyre, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland Conservation Evidence Series Synopses 1 Copyright © 2021 William J. Sutherland This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Taylor, N., Clarke, L.J., Alliji, K., Barrett, C., McIntyre, R., Smith, R.K., and Sutherland, W.J. (2021) Marine Fish Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Selected Interventions. Synopses of Conservation Evidence Series. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Further details about CC BY licenses are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cover image: Circling fish in the waters of the Halmahera Sea (Pacific Ocean) off the Raja Ampat Islands, Indonesia, by Leslie Burkhalter. Digital material and resources associated with this synopsis are available at https://www.conservationevidence.com/ -
Sea Monsters in Antiquity: a Classical and Zoological Investigation
Sea Monsters in Antiquity: A Classical and Zoological Investigation Alexander L. Jaffe Harvard University Dept. of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Class of 2015 Abstract: Sea monsters inspired both fascination and fear in the minds of the ancients. In this paper, I aim to examine several traditional monsters of antiquity with a multi-faceted approach that couples classical background with modern day zoological knowledge. Looking at the examples of the ketos and the sea serpent in Roman and Greek societies, I evaluate the scientific bases for representations of these monsters across of variety of media, from poetry to ceramics. Through the juxtaposition of the classical material and modern science, I seek to gain a greater understanding of the ancient conception of sea monsters and explain the way in which they were rationalized and depicted by ancient cultures. A closer look at extant literature, historical accounts, and artwork also helps to reveal a human sentiment towards the ocean and its denizens penetrating through time even into the modern day. “The Sea-monsters, mighty of limb and huge, the wonders of the sea, heavy with strength invincible, a terror for the eyes to behold and ever armed with deadly rage—many of these there be that roam the spacious seas...”1 Oppian, Halieutica 1 As the Greek poet Oppian so eloquently reveals, sea monsters inspired both fascination and fear in the minds of the ancients. From the Old Testament to Ovid, sources from throughout the ancient world show authors exercising both imagination and observation in the description of these creatures. Mythology as well played a large role in the creation of these beliefs, with such classic examples as Perseus and Andromeda or Herakles and Hesione. -
Skates and Rays Diversity, Exploration and Conservation – Case-Study of the Thornback Ray, Raja Clavata
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL SKATES AND RAYS DIVERSITY, EXPLORATION AND CONSERVATION – CASE-STUDY OF THE THORNBACK RAY, RAJA CLAVATA Bárbara Marques Serra Pereira Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar 2010 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL SKATES AND RAYS DIVERSITY, EXPLORATION AND CONSERVATION – CASE-STUDY OF THE THORNBACK RAY, RAJA CLAVATA Bárbara Marques Serra Pereira Tese orientada por Professor Auxiliar com Agregação Leonel Serrano Gordo e Investigadora Auxiliar Ivone Figueiredo Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar 2010 The research reported in this thesis was carried out at the Instituto de Investigação das Pescas e do Mar (IPIMAR - INRB), Unidade de Recursos Marinhos e Sustentabilidade. This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/23777/2005) and the research project EU Data Collection/DCR (PNAB). Skates and rays diversity, exploration and conservation | Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. v List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. viii Agradecimentos ........................................................................................................................ -
Wgbeam Report 2013
ICES WGBEAM REPORT 2013 SCICOM STEERING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEM SURVEYS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ICES CM 2013/SSGESST:12 REF. SCICOM & ACOM Report of the Working Group on Beam Trawl Surveys (WGBEAM) 23-26 April 2013 Ancona, Italy International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2013. Report of the Working Group on Beam Trawl Surveys (WGBEAM), 23-26 April 2013, Ancona, Italy. ICES CM 2013/SSGESST:12. 260 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the Gen- eral Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2013 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WGBEAM REPORT 2013 | i Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................ 1 1 Opening of the meeting ................................................................................................ 3 2 Adoption of the agenda ................................................................................................ 3 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Terms of -
Field Identification of Major Demersal Teleost Fish Species Along the Indian Coast
Chapter Field Identification of Major Demersal Teleost 03 Fish Species along the Indian Coast Livi Wilson, T.M. Najmudeen and P.U. Zacharia Demersal Fisheries Division ICAR -Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi ased on their vertical distribution, fishes are broadly classified as pelagic or demersal. Species those are distributed from the seafloor to a 5 m depth above, are called demersal and those distributed from a depth of 5 m above the seafloor to the sea surface are called pelagic. The term demersal originates from the Latin word demergere, which means to sink. The demersal fish resources include the elasmobranchs, major perches, catfishes, threadfin breams, silverbellies, sciaenids, lizardfishes, pomfrets, bulls eye, flatfishes, goatfish and white fish. This chapter deals with identification of the major demersal teleost fish species. Basic morphological differences between pelagic and demersal fish Pelagic Demersal Training Manual on Advances in Marine Fisheries in India 21 MAJOR DEMERSAL FISH GROUPS Family: Serranidae – Groupers 3 flat spines on the rear edge of opercle single dorsal fin body having patterns of spots, stripes, vertical or oblique bars, or maybe plain Key to the genera 1. Cephalopholis dorsal fin membranes highly incised between the spines IX dorsal fin spines rounded or convex caudal fin 2. Epinephelus X or XI spines on dorsal fin and 13 to 19 soft rays anal-fin rays 7 to 9 3. Plectropomus weak anal fin spines preorbital depth 0.7 to 2 times orbit diameter head length 2.8 to 3.1 times in standard length Training Manual on Advances in Marine Fisheries in India 22 4. -
Forage Fish Management Plan
Oregon Forage Fish Management Plan November 19, 2016 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Marine Resources Program 2040 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365 (541) 867-4741 http://www.dfw.state.or.us/MRP/ Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Purpose and Need ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Federal action to protect Forage Fish (2016)............................................................................................ 7 The Oregon Marine Fisheries Management Plan Framework .................................................................. 7 Relationship to Other State Policies ......................................................................................................... 7 Public Process Developing this Plan .......................................................................................................... 8 How this Document is Organized .............................................................................................................. 8 A. Resource Analysis .................................................................................................................................... -
Crestfish Lophotus Lacepede (Giorna, 1809) and Scalloped Ribbonfish Zu Cristatus (Bonelli, 1819) in the Northern Coast of Sicily, Italy
ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER AADRAY 58(1): 137 - 146, 2017 Occurrence of two rare species from order Lampriformes: Crestfish Lophotus lacepede (Giorna, 1809) and scalloped ribbonfish Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1819) in the northern coast of Sicily, Italy Fabio FALSONE1, Michele Luca GERACI1, Danilo SCANNELLA1, Charles Odilichukwu R. OKPALA1, Giovan Battista GIUSTO1, Mar BOSCH-BELMAR2, Salvatore GANCITANO1 and Gioacchino BONO1 1Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, IAMC‑CNR, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, Sicily, Italy 2Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy Corresponding author, e‑mail: [email protected] The bony fish Lophotus lacepede (Giorna, 1809) and Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1819) are the two species rarely recorded within the Mediterranean basin, usually reported as accidentally captured in depth (mesopelagic) fishing operations. In the current work, we present the first record of L. lacepede and Z. cristatus in fishing catches from southwestern Tyrrhenian Sea. Moreover, in order to improve existent biological/ecological knowledge, some bio-related aspects such as feeding aspect, sexual maturity and age estimate have been discussed. Key words: crestfish, scalloped ribbonfish, meristic features, vertebrae, growth ring INTRODUCTION species of Lophotidae family, the L. lacepede inhabits the epipelagic zone, although it could The target species of this study (Lophotus also be recorded in most oceans from the surface lacepede and Zu cristatus) belong to Lophotidae up to 1000 m depth (HEEMSTRA, 1986; PALMER, (Bonaparte, 1845) and Trachipteridae (Swain- 1986; OLNEY, 1999). First record of this spe- son, 1839) families respectively, including the cies in the Mediterranean Basin was from the Lampriformes order (consisted of 7 families). -
Spatial Ecology and Fisheries Interactions of Rajidae in the Uk
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Sciences SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES INTERACTIONS OF RAJIDAE IN THE UK Samantha Jane Simpson Thesis for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY APRIL 2018 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON 1 2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Sciences Doctor of Philosophy FINE-SCALE SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES INTERACTIONS OF RAJIDAE IN UK WATERS by Samantha Jane Simpson The spatial occurrence of a species is a fundamental part of its ecology, playing a role in shaping the evolution of its life history, driving population level processes and species interactions. Within this spatial occurrence, species may show a tendency to occupy areas with particular abiotic or biotic factors, known as a habitat association. In addition some species have the capacity to select preferred habitat at a particular time and, when species are sympatric, resource partitioning can allow their coexistence and reduce competition among them. The Rajidae (skate) are cryptic benthic mesopredators, which bury in the sediment for extended periods of time with some species inhabiting turbid coastal waters in higher latitudes. Consequently, identifying skate fine-scale spatial ecology is challenging and has lacked detailed study, despite them being commercially important species in the UK, as well as being at risk of population decline due to overfishing. This research aimed to examine the fine-scale spatial occurrence, habitat selection and resource partitioning among the four skates across a coastal area off Plymouth, UK, in the western English Channel. In addition, I investigated the interaction of Rajidae with commercial fisheries to determine if interactions between species were different and whether existing management measures are effective. -
Management of Demersal Fisheries Resources of the Southern Indian Ocean
FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1020 FIRM/C1020 (En) ISSN 0429-9329 MANAGEMENT OF DEMERSAL FISHERIES RESOURCES OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN Cover photographs courtesy of Mr Hannes du Preez, Pioneer Fishing, Heerengracht, South Africa. Juvenile of Oreosoma atlanticum (Oreosomatidae). This fish was caught at 39° 15’ S, 45° 00’ E, late in 2005 at around 650 m while mid-water trawling for alfonsinos. This genus is remarkable for the large conical tubercles that cover the dorsal surface of the younger fish. Illustration by Ms Emanuela D’Antoni, Marine Resources Service, FAO Fisheries Department. Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Information Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1020 FIRM/C1020 (En) MANAGEMENT OF DEMERSAL FISHERIES RESOURCES OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN Report of the fourth and fifth Ad Hoc Meetings on Potential Management Initiatives of Deepwater Fisheries Operators in the Southern Indian Ocean (Kameeldrift East, South Africa, 12–19 February 2006 and Albion, Petite Rivière, Mauritius, 26–28 April 2006) including specification of benthic protected areas and a 2006 programme of fisheries research. compiled by Ross Shotton FAO Fisheries Department FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2006 The mention or omission of specific companies, their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement or judgement by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.