Undulate Ray Raja Undulata
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Sharks in Crisis: a Call to Action for the Mediterranean
REPORT 2019 SHARKS IN CRISIS: A CALL TO ACTION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN WWF Sharks in the Mediterranean 2019 | 1 fp SECTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Written and edited by WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative / Evan Jeffries (www.swim2birds.co.uk), based on data contained in: Bartolí, A., Polti, S., Niedermüller, S.K. & García, R. 2018. Sharks in the Mediterranean: A review of the literature on the current state of scientific knowledge, conservation measures and management policies and instruments. Design by Catherine Perry (www.swim2birds.co.uk) Front cover photo: Blue shark (Prionace glauca) © Joost van Uffelen / WWF References and sources are available online at www.wwfmmi.org Published in July 2019 by WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative as the copyright owner. © Text 2019 WWF. All rights reserved. Our thanks go to the following people for their invaluable comments and contributions to this report: Fabrizio Serena, Monica Barone, Adi Barash (M.E.C.O.), Ioannis Giovos (iSea), Pamela Mason (SharkLab Malta), Ali Hood (Sharktrust), Matthieu Lapinksi (AILERONS association), Sandrine Polti, Alex Bartoli, Raul Garcia, Alessandro Buzzi, Giulia Prato, Jose Luis Garcia Varas, Ayse Oruc, Danijel Kanski, Antigoni Foutsi, Théa Jacob, Sofiane Mahjoub, Sarah Fagnani, Heike Zidowitz, Philipp Kanstinger, Andy Cornish and Marco Costantini. Special acknowledgements go to WWF-Spain for funding this report. KEY CONTACTS Giuseppe Di Carlo Director WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] Simone Niedermueller Mediterranean Shark expert Email: [email protected] Stefania Campogianni Communications manager WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] WWF is one of the world’s largest and most respected independent conservation organizations, with more than 5 million supporters and a global network active in over 100 countries. -
Skates and Rays Diversity, Exploration and Conservation – Case-Study of the Thornback Ray, Raja Clavata
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL SKATES AND RAYS DIVERSITY, EXPLORATION AND CONSERVATION – CASE-STUDY OF THE THORNBACK RAY, RAJA CLAVATA Bárbara Marques Serra Pereira Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar 2010 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL SKATES AND RAYS DIVERSITY, EXPLORATION AND CONSERVATION – CASE-STUDY OF THE THORNBACK RAY, RAJA CLAVATA Bárbara Marques Serra Pereira Tese orientada por Professor Auxiliar com Agregação Leonel Serrano Gordo e Investigadora Auxiliar Ivone Figueiredo Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar 2010 The research reported in this thesis was carried out at the Instituto de Investigação das Pescas e do Mar (IPIMAR - INRB), Unidade de Recursos Marinhos e Sustentabilidade. This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/23777/2005) and the research project EU Data Collection/DCR (PNAB). Skates and rays diversity, exploration and conservation | Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. v List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. viii Agradecimentos ........................................................................................................................ -
Spatial Ecology and Fisheries Interactions of Rajidae in the Uk
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Sciences SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES INTERACTIONS OF RAJIDAE IN THE UK Samantha Jane Simpson Thesis for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY APRIL 2018 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON 1 2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Sciences Doctor of Philosophy FINE-SCALE SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES INTERACTIONS OF RAJIDAE IN UK WATERS by Samantha Jane Simpson The spatial occurrence of a species is a fundamental part of its ecology, playing a role in shaping the evolution of its life history, driving population level processes and species interactions. Within this spatial occurrence, species may show a tendency to occupy areas with particular abiotic or biotic factors, known as a habitat association. In addition some species have the capacity to select preferred habitat at a particular time and, when species are sympatric, resource partitioning can allow their coexistence and reduce competition among them. The Rajidae (skate) are cryptic benthic mesopredators, which bury in the sediment for extended periods of time with some species inhabiting turbid coastal waters in higher latitudes. Consequently, identifying skate fine-scale spatial ecology is challenging and has lacked detailed study, despite them being commercially important species in the UK, as well as being at risk of population decline due to overfishing. This research aimed to examine the fine-scale spatial occurrence, habitat selection and resource partitioning among the four skates across a coastal area off Plymouth, UK, in the western English Channel. In addition, I investigated the interaction of Rajidae with commercial fisheries to determine if interactions between species were different and whether existing management measures are effective. -
Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences. -
Batoid Abundances, Spatial Distribution, and Life History Traits
animals Article Batoid Abundances, Spatial Distribution, and Life History Traits in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea): Bridging a Knowledge Gap through Three Decades of Survey Michele Luca Geraci 1,2 , Sergio Ragonese 2,*, Danilo Scannella 2, Fabio Falsone 2, Vita Gancitano 2 , Jurgen Mifsud 3, Miriam Gambin 3, Alicia Said 3 and Sergio Vitale 2 1 Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA)–Marine Biology and Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Biological, University of Bologna, Viale Adriatico 1/n, 61032 Fano, PU, Italy; [email protected] 2 Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council–CNR, Via Luigi Vaccara, 61, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (S.V.) 3 Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights (MAFA), Ghammieri Government Farm, Triq l-Ingiered, Malta; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (A.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Batoid species are cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays, but they also Citation: Geraci, M.L.; Ragonese, S.; include stingrays, electric rays, guitarfish, skates, and sawfish. These species are very sensitive Scannella, D.; Falsone, F.; Gancitano, to fishing, mainly because of their slow growth rate and late maturity; therefore, they need to be V.; Mifsud, J.; Gambin, M.; Said, A.; adequately managed. Regrettably, information on life history traits (e.g., length at first maturity, Vitale, S. Batoid Abundances, Spatial sex ratio, and growth) and abundance are still scarce, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea. -
APPENDIX 1 Classified List of Fishes Mentioned in the Text, with Scientific and Common Names
APPENDIX 1 Classified list of fishes mentioned in the text, with scientific and common names. ___________________________________________________________ Scientific names and classification are from Nelson (1994). Families are listed in the same order as in Nelson (1994), with species names following in alphabetical order. The common names of British fishes mostly follow Wheeler (1978). Common names of foreign fishes are taken from Froese & Pauly (2002). Species in square brackets are referred to in the text but are not found in British waters. Fishes restricted to fresh water are shown in bold type. Fishes ranging from fresh water through brackish water to the sea are underlined; this category includes diadromous fishes that regularly migrate between marine and freshwater environments, spawning either in the sea (catadromous fishes) or in fresh water (anadromous fishes). Not indicated are marine or freshwater fishes that occasionally venture into brackish water. Superclass Agnatha (jawless fishes) Class Myxini (hagfishes)1 Order Myxiniformes Family Myxinidae Myxine glutinosa, hagfish Class Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys)1 Order Petromyzontiformes Family Petromyzontidae [Ichthyomyzon bdellium, Ohio lamprey] Lampetra fluviatilis, lampern, river lamprey Lampetra planeri, brook lamprey [Lampetra tridentata, Pacific lamprey] Lethenteron camtschaticum, Arctic lamprey] [Lethenteron zanandreai, Po brook lamprey] Petromyzon marinus, lamprey Superclass Gnathostomata (fishes with jaws) Grade Chondrichthiomorphi Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous -
Protection of Sharks and Rays in the Israeli Mediterranean
Plan of Action for Protection of Sharks and Rays in the Israeli Mediterranean 2016 II Written by: Asaf Ariel, Adi Barash With comments from: Aviad Scheinin, Oren Sonin, Eric Diamant, Dor Adalist, Danny Golani, Danny Chernov, Menachem Goren, Eran Brokovitch, Tomer Kochen and Ruth Yahel Translation: Jennifer Levin Graphic Design: Yael Jicchaki-Golan Photography: Uri Ferro, Aviram Waldman, Aviad Scheinin, Adi Barash, Haggai Netiv, Shai Milat, Guy Hadash, Hod Ben Hurin, Charles Roffey, Brian Gratwicke Cover and back jacket photography: Uri Ferro Recommended citation: Ariel, A. and Barash, A. (2015). Action Plan for Protection of Sharks and Rays in the Israeli Mediterranean. EcoOcean Association. III Photography: Aviram Valdman, www.thetower.org/article/photos-worlds-beneath-the-sacred-waters,'Tower Magazine' IV Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................1 1. Introduction.......................................................................................3 1.1 The Objective of the Proposed Action Plan ....................................3 1.2 About the Model for the Action Plan .............................................3 2. Background .......................................................................................5 2.1 Sharks and rays and their ecological importance ......................5 2.2 Sharks and rays in the Mediterranean and in the coastal waters of Israel ............................................................................6 2.3 Factors that -
Conservation and Population Ecology of Manta Rays in the Maldives
Conservation and Population Ecology of Manta Rays in the Maldives Guy Mark William Stevens Doctor of Philosophy University of York Environment August 2016 2 Abstract This multi-decade study on an isolated and unfished population of manta rays (Manta alfredi and M. birostris) in the Maldives used individual-based photo-ID records and behavioural observations to investigate the world’s largest known population of M. alfredi and a previously unstudied population of M. birostris. This research advances knowledge of key life history traits, reproductive strategies, population demographics and habitat use of M. alfredi, and elucidates the feeding and mating behaviour of both manta species. M. alfredi reproductive activity was found to vary considerably among years and appeared related to variability in abundance of the manta’s planktonic food, which in turn may be linked to large-scale weather patterns such as the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Key to helping improve conservation efforts of M. alfredi was my finding that age at maturity for both females and males, estimated at 15 and 11 years respectively, appears up to 7 – 8 years higher respectively than previously reported. As the fecundity of this species, estimated at one pup every 7.3 years, also appeared two to more than three times lower than estimates from studies with more limited data, my work now marks M. alfredi as one of the world’s least fecund vertebrates. With such low fecundity and long maturation, M. alfredi are extremely vulnerable to overfishing and therefore needs complete protection from exploitation across its entire global range. -
Leucoraja Naevus from Portuguese Continental Waters
Universidade do Algarve Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Reproductive biology of the species Leucoraja naevus from Portuguese continental waters Catarina Maia Master thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the title of Master of Marine Biology 2010 Universidade do Algarve Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Reproductive biology of the species Leucoraja naevus from Portuguese continental waters Catarina Maia Master thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the title of Master of Marine Biology Internal supervisor: Prof. Dr. Karim Erzini External supervisor: Profa. Dra. Ivone Figueiredo 2010 Acknowledgements I would like to thank everyone who helped me in IPIMAR and University: First I would like to thank Dr. Ivone Figueiredo and Dr. Karim Erzini for the opportunity to perform this work and the availability and encouragement shown over the same; I would also like to express my immense gratitude to Dr. Barbara Serra-Pereira for the help, encouragement and support (tireless!!!!) that greatly facilitated my work; My sincere thanks to José do Lago and Neide Lagarto for their help in sampling and friendship; As Teresa, Ana Rita and Inês, Miguel and Nuno, who not only gave me the motivation but also by the availability and friendship shown. I also thank to all IPIMAR workers, including Carmo and Cristrina for their help and suggestions in histology; Tanks to PNAB that partially supported my work; My eternal gratitude to my parents and Francisco who were always by my side and supported me unconditionally. Abstract Skate populations tend to be highly vulnerable to exploitation as a result of the main life history characteristics (slow growth, late maturity and low fecundity). -
Elasmobranchs & Commercial Fisheries Around the British Isles
Elasmobranchs & Commercial Fisheries around the British Isles: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics JOANA FERNANDES DA SILVA Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Mar 2009 JOANA FERNANDES DA SILVA Elasmobranchs & Commercial Fisheries around the British Isles: Spatial and Temporal dynamics Dissertação de Candidatura ao grau de Mestre em Ciências do Mar – Recursos Marinhos submetida ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto. Orientador – Doutor Jim Ellis Categoria – Marine Ecologist Afiliação – Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Co-orientadora – Doutora Ivone Figueiredo Categoria – Researcher Afiliação – Instituto das Pescas da Investigação e do Mar (INIAP/IPIMAR) Sumário executivo Os peixes elasmobrânquios desempenham um papel importante nos ecossistemas marinhos e as características dos seus ciclos de vida tornam-nos muito vulnearáveis à exploração comercial. Embora, existam algumas pescarias dirigidas a espécies de elasmobrânquios com carácter sazonal e/ou local ao largo das ilhas Britânicas, os elasmobrânquios são comunemente capturados em pescarias mistas demersais. A pescaria da palangre dirigida a espécies demersais é conhecida por ser altamente selectiva para certas espécies de elasmobrânquios, embora os padrões espaciais e temporais destas pescarias não tenham, ainda, sido descritos. Por conseguinte, uma descrição geral destas pescarias ao largo das ilhas britânicas foi conduzida. As principais zonas, em termos de desembarques na pescaria da palangre demersal (1990-2007) foram o sul do Mar do Norte (ICES IVc), Mar da Irlanda (VIIa) e Mar do Norte central (IVb). Enquanto que, as principais espécies capturadas nestas pescarias são o galhudo- malhado, bacalhau do Atlântico, raias e safio. Desde 2007, as capturas acessórias de raias no Mar do Norte têm uma quota de 25%, a qual foi revista recentemente, sendo apenas obrigatória para as embarcações com mais de 15 m de comprimento total (Regulamento CE n. -
Book of Abstracts: 6Th Annual Meeting of the European Elasmobranch Association 2002
6th Annual European Elasmobranch Association Conference Book of Abstracts: 6th Annual Meeting of the European Elasmobranch Association 2002 9.35 –10.45 Welsh Skate and Ray Project H. Jones, N.K. Dulvy, P.J. Coates and C. Eno Annual landings of ray species (Rajidae) in England and Wales have fallen from around 18,000 to 3,000 tonnes over the last 40 years. The cause of the decline is believed to be largely due to over-fishing, particularly from the use of trawl gears. The Bristol Channel area is of particular importance and used to account for around 25-30% of UK landings. Common skate (Dipturus batis) was once a frequent catch but is now commercially extinct. Although data is incomplete larger ray species Raja brachyura (blonde) and R. clavata (thornback) have apparently declined in both abundance and average size, to be partly replaced by the smaller species R. montagui (spotted) and Leucoraja naevus (Cuckoo). Fishery Managers face the challenge of identifying practical conservation measures that need to be acceptable to the majority if they are to be effective. Options include: • Size restrictions i.e. minimum and/or maximum size (and options by species or sex and whether applied to part or whole fish). • Restricted licencing of vessel effort or catch (quotas). • Technical measures e.g. mesh sizes, vessel size, gear type. • Gear restrictions (e.g. by location and/or time). • No take or limited take zones (e.g. no taking of female rays). As well as being of commercial value, rays are also of wider recreational and conservation interest and a unique group of interested parties in Wales have come together to address a "common cause". -
On the Exploitation of Elasmobranchs, with Emphasis on Cowtail Stingray Pastinachus Sephen (Family Dasyatidae)
On the Exploitation of Elasmobranchs, with Emphasis on Cowtail Stingray Pastinachus sephen (Family Dasyatidae) The Pew Charitable Trusts On the Exploitation of Elasmobranchs, with Emphasis on Cowtail Stingray Pastinachus sephen (Family Dasyatidae) D. Pauly, S. Booth, V. Christensen, W.L., Cheung, C. Close, A. Kitchingman, M.L.D. Palomares, R. Watson, and D. Zeller Sea Around Us Project Fisheries Centre The University of British Columbia 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4 2 Sea Around Us: Exploitation of Elasmobranchs TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 Fishery biology of Stingrays, with emphasis on Pastinachus sephen.................................... 6 ‘Stock assessments’ using time series data of catches ...........................................................9 Analyses of catch time series of rays by FAO area..........................................................10 Analyses of catch time series of rays by LME .................................................................11 Summary of results from FAO areas and LME................................................................ 13 Rays in ecosystem models: experience from the Gulf of Thailand......................................14 More on the intrinsic vulnerability of rays, and particularly P. sephen ..............................