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AC24 Inf. 5 (English and Spanish Only / Únicamente En Francés Y Español / Seulement En Anglais Et Espagnol)

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AC24 Inf. 5 (English and Spanish Only / Únicamente En Francés Y Español / Seulement En Anglais Et Espagnol) AC24 Inf. 5 (English and Spanish only / únicamente en francés y español / seulement en anglais et espagnol) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Twenty-fourth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva, (Switzerland), 20-24 April 2009 SHARKS:CONSERVATION, FISHING AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE This information document has been submitted by Spain. * * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. AC24 Inf. 5 – p. 1 Sharks: Conservation, Fishing and International Trade Norma Eréndira García Núñez GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE ESPAÑA DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y MEDIO RURAL Y MARINO Sharks: Conservation, Fishing and International Trade MINISTERIO GOBIERNO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE DE ESPAÑA Y MEDIO RURAL Y MARINO 2008 Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Catalogación de la Biblioteca Central GARCÍA NÚÑEZ, NORMA ERÉNDIRA Tiburones: conservación, pesca y comercio internacional = Sharks: conservation, fishing and international trade / Norma Eréndira García Núñez. — Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, 2008. — 236 p. : il. ; 30 cm ISBN 978-84-8320-474-0 1. TIBURON 2. ESPECIES EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCION 3. COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL 4. ECOLOGIA MARINA I. España. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino II. Título 639.231 597.3 Cita: García Núñez, N.E. 2008, Tiburones: conservación, pesca y comercio internacional. Edición bilingüe. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino, Madrid. 117 pp. Citation: García Núñez, N.E. 2008. Sharks: Conservation, Fishing and International Trade. Bilingual edition. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino, Madrid. 111 pp. Dirección técnica del proyecto: Manuel María Calderón Moreno (MARM) Ernesto Ruiz Richi (ATECMA S.L.) Project management: Manuel M. Calderón Moreno (MARM) Ernesto Ruiz Richi (ATECMA S.L.) Foto de portada: Pescadores artesanales cargando un tiburón toro Carcharhinus leucas capturado frente a las costas de Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, en México (Maribel Carrera y Felipe Galván). Cover photo: Artisanal fishermen carry a bull shark Carcharhinus leucas caught off Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, in México (Maribel Carrera & Felipe Galván). MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y MEDIO RURAL Y MARINO Secretaria General Técnica: Alicia Camacho García. Subdirector General de Información al ciudadano, Documentación y Publicaciones: José Abellán Gómez. Director del Centro de Publicaciones: Juan Carlos Palacios López. Jefa del Servicio de Producción y Edición: Mª Dolores López Hernández. Dirección Técnica del Proyecto: Manuel María Calderón Moreno (MARM), Emetro Ruiz Richi (ATECMA. S.L.) Autores fotos de Portada: Maribel Carrera y Felipe Galván Edita: Distribución y venta: © Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino Paseo de la Infanta Isabel, 1 Secretaría General Técnica Teléfono: 91 347 55 51 - 91 347 55 41 Centro de Publicaciones Fax: 91 347 57 22 Maquetación, Impresión y Encuadernación: EGRAF, S.A. Comunicación Grafica Plaza San Juan de la Cruz, s/n Teléfono: 91 597 60 81 Fax: 91 597 66 01 Tienda virtual: www.marm.es e-mail: [email protected] NIPO: 770-08-114-4 ISBN: 978-84-8320-474-0 Depósito Legal: M. 53124-2008 Catálogo General de publicaciones oficiales: http://www.060.es (servicios en línea / oficina virtual/Publicaciones) Impreso en papel reciclado al 100 % totalmente libre de cloro. Datos técnicos: Formato: 21 x 29,7 cm. Caja de texto: 16 x 24,5 cm. Composición: una columna. Tipografía: Arial a cuerpos 11 y 8. Encuadernación: Rústica cosida. Papel: Interior en cyclus print de 115 g. Cubierta en cyclus print de 350 g. Tintas: Cubierta a 4/0 colores. Interiores a 4/4 colores. Plastificado mate de la cubierta. Pious harpooneers never make good voyagers—it takes the shark out of 'em; no harpooneer is worth a straw who ain’t pretty sharkish. HERMAN MELVILLE Moby Dick; or The Whale, 1851. Cuando izaron el copo y la cubierta se llenó de pesca, Simón Orozco decidió quedar al garete durante una hora, hasta que se hiciese la selección del pescado y se devolviese al mar su basura. Ya era de noche (...). Paleaban la basura Artola y Ugalde. Fosforecía la mar. Las cailas y su clan subieron de las profundidades, pegándose a los costados del barco. Las cailas se dejaban mecer por las aguas, casi en la superficie, esperando que las paletadas de pesca les llegasen hasta la puntiaguda cabeza; entonces abrían la boca y la cerraban automáticamente. La paletada desaparecía entre sus mandíbulas. IGNACIO ALDECOA Gran Sol, 1957. 3 4 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms used ...................................................................................... 11 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 13 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 17 Biology, Ecology and Conservation of Sharks .................................................................. 21 Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Ecology ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Conservation Status .................................................................................................................. 25 Legal and Management Status of Sharks ........................................................................... 29 International Fisheries Management Organisations .................................................................. 29 International Conventions .......................................................................................................... 37 Finning bans .............................................................................................................................. 30 Shark Fisheries .......................................................................................................................... 32 Main Shark Uses ....................................................................................................................... 44 Targeted Shark Fisheries .......................................................................................................... 50 Bycatch and Discards ................................................................................................................ 53 Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing ............................................................................. 56 Shark Product Identi¿ cation Techniques ................................................................................... 57 International Trade: Data and Trends .................................................................................. 59 The Role of CITES: Non-Detriment Findings ...................................................................... 63 CITES and Non-Detriment Findings .......................................................................................... 63 Sharks in the CITES Appendices .............................................................................................. 64 Non-Detriment Findings for Exports of CITES Listed Species .................................................. 69 Making Non-Detriment Findings for Sharks ....................................................................... 71 Non-Detriment Findings Made for Sharks ................................................................................. 71 General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 71 A Proposal for Guidelines .......................................................................................................... 75 Other Proposals for Conservation and Management ................................................................ 79 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................... 81 References .................................................................................................................................. 87 Annex I: Threatened Shark Species in the IUCN 2007 Red List ................................. 95 Annex II: Useful Bibliographic and Internet Resources Available .............................. 101 Annex III: Checklist to assist in making non-detriment ¿ ndings for shark exports (modi¿ ed from Rosser & Haywood 2002) ........................................................ 105 5 List of Tables Table 1. Priority shark species listed in HELCOM’s Red List of Threatened and Declining Species of Fishes ............................................................................... 39 Table 2. Shark captures by top 20 catching countries 1950-2003 ................................... 52 Table 3. Proportion of total shark captures by top 20 catching countries in 2003 ........... 52 List of Figures Figure 1. Manta Manta birrostris ..................................................................................
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