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The LIM Protein Ajuba Influences Interleukin-1-Induced NF-Κb

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The LIM Protein Ajuba Influences Interleukin-1-Induced NF-Κb Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker Open Access Publications 2005 The IML protein Ajuba influences interleukin-1-induced NF-κB activation by affecting the assembly and activity of the protein kinase Cζ/p62/TRAF6 signaling complex Yungfeng Feng Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis Gregory D. Longmore Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs Recommended Citation Feng, Yungfeng and Longmore, Gregory D., ,"The LIM protein Ajuba influences interleukin-1-induced NF-κB activation by affecting the assembly and activity of the protein kinase Cζ/p62/TRAF6 signaling complex." Molecular and Cellular Biology.25,10. 4010-4022. (2005). https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/2739 This Open Access Publication is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The LIM Protein Ajuba Influences Interleukin-1-Induced NF- κB Activation by Affecting the Assembly and Activity of the Protein Kinase Cζ/p62/TRAF6 Signaling Complex Downloaded from Yungfeng Feng and Gregory D. Longmore Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005, 25(10):4010. DOI: 10.1128/MCB.25.10.4010-4022.2005. http://mcb.asm.org/ Updated information and services can be found at: http://mcb.asm.org/content/25/10/4010 These include: SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Supplemental material on January 6, 2014 by Washington University in St. Louis REFERENCES This article cites 45 articles, 23 of which can be accessed free at: http://mcb.asm.org/content/25/10/4010#ref-list-1 CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, May 2005, p. 4010–4022 Vol. 25, No. 10 0270-7306/05/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/MCB.25.10.4010–4022.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The LIM Protein Ajuba Influences Interleukin-1-Induced NF-␬B Activation by Affecting the Assembly and Activity of the Protein Kinase C␨/p62/TRAF6 Signaling Complex† Yungfeng Feng and Gregory D. Longmore* Downloaded from Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri Received 20 September 2004/Returned for modification 13 October 2004/Accepted 22 February 2005 The Zyxin/Ajuba family of cytosolic LIM domain-containing proteins has the potential to shuttle from sites of cell adhesion into the nucleus and thus can be candidate transducers of environmental signals. To under- stand Ajuba’s role in signal transduction pathways, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with the LIM domain region of Ajuba. We identified the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) scaffold protein p62 as an Ajuba binding partner. A prominent function of p62 is the regulation of NF-␬B activation in response to interleukin-1 http://mcb.asm.org/ (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor signaling through the formation of an aPKC/p62/TRAF6 multiprotein sig- naling complex. In addition to p62, we found that Ajuba also interacted with tumor necrosis factor receptor- associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and PKC␨. Ajuba recruits TRAF6 to p62 and in vitro activates PKC␨ activity and is a substrate of PKC␨. Ajuba null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and lungs were defective in NF-␬B activation following IL-1 stimulation, and in lung IKK activity was inhibited. Overexpression of Ajuba in pri- mary MEFs enhances NF-␬B activity following IL-1 stimulation. We propose that Ajuba is a new cytosolic com- ponent of the IL-1 signaling pathway modulating IL-1-induced NF-␬B activation by influencing the assembly and activity of the aPKC/p62/TRAF6 multiprotein signaling complex. on January 6, 2014 by Washington University in St. Louis The LIM domain is a tandem zinc finger structure mediating The LIM region and the PreLIM region have unique, nonover- protein interactions. The targets that LIM domains interact lapping binding partners and as such have the potential to link with are multiple and quite varied in structure and function. distinct proteins and/or functions. For example, Ajuba is re- Proteins containing LIM domains (LIM proteins) are present cruited to cell-cell junctions in epithelial cells by virtue of the in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and some can shuttle between LIM region interacting with ␣-catenin bound to the cytoplas- the cytoplasm and nucleus. LIM proteins have been classified mic tail of E-cadherin (27). The PreLIM region associates based on sequence homology between LIM domains and their directly with F-actin (27). As such, Ajuba is thought to con- overall protein organization (2). Some nuclear LIM proteins tribute to the formation or stabilization of adherens junctions contain homeodomains, while others are comprised of only by linking adhesive receptor to the actin cytoskeleton. Primary LIM domains (LIM-only proteins or LMO proteins). In the skin keratinocytes from Ajuba null mice exhibit defects in nucleus, these proteins regulate transcription complex forma- cell-cell adhesion ex vivo, and Ajuba null mice have defects in tion and function and thus cell lineage fate determination and skin wound healing (27). organ development (31). LIM-only proteins are also present in Zyxin/Ajuba LIM proteins have also been implicated in the the cytosol, but in addition, there are LIM domain-containing regulation of other signaling pathways and cellular responses. protein kinases and complex type LIM domain-containing pro- The PreLIM regions are proline rich and include putative SH3 teins (2). In the cytosol, these proteins contribute to the reg- recognition motifs, and the SH3 domains of Vav and Grb2 ulation of cytoskeletal organization, adhesion of cells to the have been shown to interact with Zyxin and Ajuba, respectively extracellular matrix and to other cells, and cell migration. (12, 17). The functional significance of the Zyxin-Vav interac- Of the complex cytosolic LIM proteins, the Zyxin/Ajuba tion is not clear, but the Ajuba-Grb2 interaction augments family is characterized by the presence of three homologous serum-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) LIM domains at their C terminus (LIM region) and distinct activation in a Ras-dependent manner. Ajuba’s effect on ERK N-terminal PreLIM region. Mammalian members include the can result in enhanced fibroblast proliferation and meiotic following: Ajuba (12), LIMD1 (20), LPP (33), Trip6 (46), and maturation of Xenopus oocytes (12). Zyxin, LPP, and Trip6 but Zyxin (5). While these proteins associate with cytoskeletal el- not Ajuba and LIMD1 contain multiple FPPPP binding motifs ements and are components of cell adhesive complexes, they for EVH1 domains present in Ena/VASP proteins and may also shuttle in and out of the nucleus (19, 30, 32) and thus have serve to recruit these proteins to the leading edge and thereby the potential for transducing signals from environmental cues. influence local actin assembly (36). Ajuba was recently found to regulate Rac activity in migrating cells by influencing the assembly of the p130Cas/Dock180 Rac guanine nucleotide ex- * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Washington University, change factor at sites of focal adhesions (34). As a result, Division of Hematology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110- fibroblasts and keratinocytes from Ajuba null mice exhibit de- 1010. Phone: (314) 362-8834. Fax: (314) 362-8826. E-mail: glongmor @im.wustl.edu. creased cell motility (34). Accumulation of Ajuba in the nu- † Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb cleus of P19 multipotent embryonal carcinoma cells results in .asm.org/. spontaneous endodermal differentiation through a mechanism 4010 VOL. 25, 2005 NF-␬B ACTIVATION AND LIM PROTEINS 4011 that is yet to be determined (19). Finally, Zyxin and Ajuba have Tetracycline-inducible HepG2 cell lines. To generate the HepG2.tet repressor been implicated as contributing to mitotic cell cycle regulation. cell line, cells were transfected with pcDNA6 containing the tetracycline (tet) repressor (Invitrogen) and selected with 5 ␮g/ml blasticidin, and clones were Zyxin was found to associate with the tumor suppressor h- isolated and confirmed by transfection of a tet-inducible green fluorescent pro- warts/LATS1 (16), while Ajuba interacts with and activates the tein plasmid. Control HepG2.tet- and HepG2.tet-Ajuba-F were obtained by mitotic kinase Aurora A (15). transfection of HepG2.tet with pcDNA4 or pcDNA4-Ajuba-Flag plasmids, re- To further understand Ajuba’s role in environmental signal spectively, and selected with 1.5 mg/mg G418 and 5 ␮g/ml blasticidin; single transduction, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with the clones were obtained and tested for tet induction followed by Western blotting for the presence of Ajuba-Flag. LIM region of Ajuba. We identified the atypical protein kinase IL-1, TNF, and LPS stimulation and cell fractionation. MEFs or BMDM (2 ϫ Downloaded from C (aPKC) scaffold protein, p62, as an Ajuba binding partner. A 106) were seeded in 100-mm dishes for 24 h and then washed and cultured in prominent function of p62 is the regulation of NF-␬B activa- serum-free DMEM for 2 h before addition of mouse IL-1␤ (10 ng/ml), mouse ␣ ␮ tion in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1), nerve growth factor TNF- (10 ng/ml), or LPS (100 g/ml) for the times indicated. After stimulation, cells were washed with ice-cold water and lysed with 200 ␮l of hypotonic buffer (NGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and receptor activator of (20 mM HEPES [pH 7.5], 5 mM NaF, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 0.5 mM NF-␬B ligand (RANKL) signaling through the formation of an EDTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol [DTT], and protease inhibitor cocktail from Sigma).
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