Isle of Thanet

Geographical Association

60th Anniversary Edition

Thanet Panorama

The first Six Decades

Contents

Editorial 3

Introduction and Background 4

First Decade 1956-1966 6

Second Decade 1966-1976 14

Third Decade 1976-1986 16

Fourth Decade 1986-1996 18

Fifth Decade 1996-2006 19

Sixth Decade 2006-2016 21

Committees 1956-2016 24

Appendix A Photographs 28

Appendix B Firms closed since 1956-1966 36

Addendum Statistical Analysis 45

Acknowledgements 49

2 Editorial

It is precisely sixty years since the formation of the Isle of Thanet Branch of the

Geographical Association. At the time of writing this history of the Isle of Thanet

Geographical Association, the Branch had an ageing membership and it was believed that now was the time to produce such a dissertation on the Branch activities throughout the six decades of its existence.

Derek Wilson, as secretary of the Branch, was the custodian of the Branch Archives and compiled all the information for this history which was derived from the available committee meeting minutes, membership cards and leaflets and flyers advertising the lecture meetings throughout the 6 decades; also, further information was obtained from members’ diaries and through verbal communication and newspaper clippings.

Although there was some information missing in the archives, this is, nevertheless, a comprehensive history of the Branch.

Derek Wilson, FTSC, BSc, LRSC Hon Secretary, Isle of Thanet Geographical Association May 2016

3 Introduction and Background

The Royal Geographical Society of London was founded in 1830 as an institution to promote the advancement of geographical science. Like many learned societies at the time in pursuit of knowledge, it started as a dining club in London, where select members held informal dinner debates on current scientific issues and ideas.

In the early 1890s there was a growing opposition to the RGS as they did not allow women members and objected to the use and exchange of lantern slides, a leading technology of the day (Photo 1 in Appendix A); enthusiasm in some public schools (particularly by Bentham Dickinson of the Rugby School), led to the setting up of the Geographical Association (GA).

On 20th May 1893, the Geographical Association (GA) was founded at a meeting in the New Common Room, Christ Church, Oxford, led by Sir Halford Mackinder, Douglas Freshfield, who up until then was the Honorary Secretary of the RGS and ten others (mainly Masters from public schools). In the early 1900s, membership of the Geographical Association flourished and expanded with the opening of several local branches. By 1959, the number of branches in the United Kingdom had risen to 59, although since then the number has declined to the 35 branches today.

In late 1955, Alice Coleman, of King’s College London came to the now defunct Medway Towns branch of the Geographical Association to speak about the then unexplored aspects of the Moon. Marjorie Woodward at the time was the Secretary of the branch. Both had been educated at Clarendon House Grammar School (Photo 2 in Appendix A) for Girls and both Marjorie and Alice had their roots in the Isle of Thanet. After a geographical discussion, each promised one another that if ever either of them should return to live there, they would form a branch of the Geographical Association.

After the meeting of these 2 ladies, the birth of the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association was quite sudden. A pilot committee was set up in November 1955 where it was decided that the new GA Branch would be open to all who were interested in the post-war developing world. Students would be particularly welcome and take part in the increasingly popular fieldwork with excursions to a wider area and that a magazine would be published.

4 After many meetings of the committee consisting of Alice Coleman and Marjorie Woodward, George Wooster and Ken Girkin of Chatham House Grammar School, Peggy Hopkins of Clarendon House Grammar School, Ken Maggs, then in the Army, and Alan Kay of Margate, the first meeting of the Branch took place at Charles Dickens School in Broadstairs on 30th January 1956. A classroom had been booked but so many people arrived at the meeting that chairs had to be hastily removed to the Assembly Hall for the meeting to convene. Friends were quickly co-opted as committee members to help with the collection of the subscriptions; 80 signed on as members on that first night. Despite the inclement snowy weather, a triumphant Committee celebrated next day at the “Little Vienna” café on Broadstairs Jetty.

By the end of June 1956, the membership had grown to 145; at least 8 of the members became full members of the national Geographical Association. In the second year, the membership grew from 145 to 200, and of these 140 were adults whilst the rest were junior members; a feature of that year’s membership was that 2 came from Deal, 2 from Sandwich and 5 from the Medway towns.

5 First Decade 1956 to 1966

One of the first tasks of the newly created committee was to draw up a Constitution for the recently established Isle of Thanet Geographical Association. It was agreed that the aims of the Association should be:

(a) To stimulate a lively interest in Geography with a special reference to Thanet and East Kent.

(b) To encourage Research and Investigations.

(c) To produce an annual magazine under the name “PANORAMA”.

(d) To further the knowledge of Geography and the teaching of Geography in all categories of educational institutions.

The membership shall be open to everyone who is interested in Geography. The committee will consist of 8 members, to be elected annually at the Annual General Meeting. The branch officers shall comprise a Chairman, a Secretary, a Treasurer, an Excursions Secretary, an Editor, a Display Organiser plus 2 further IOTGA members.

The lecture meetings shall be held monthly in alternate Thanet towns with the Annual General Meeting being held in June.

The committee then planned the first lecture programme, field trips or expeditions as they were called at the time, local research challenges and a short holiday. Tradition demands the printed word; this was one of the principal aims of ‘Panorama’, where the activities of the Association would be recorded, particularly the results of the research projects.

During the first season, there were 5 lectures: “Italy” presented by Dr MJ Wise, Reader in Geography at the London School of Economics, “The Evolution of Thanet” by Alan Kay, “Norway” by Alice Coleman, “USA” by Mr D Pitt and “A Travelogue in Switzerland” by Ken Girkin. The attendance at these lectures was good. A feature of these first meetings was an exhibition of large-scale maps and pictures of general interest.

6 Again during the first season, there were 3 field trips one to Upchurch Pottery, one to the Kent Farm Institute in Sittingbourne and another to Chatham Dockyard.

The first outing of the IOTGA was on 2nd May 1956 to Upchurch Pottery. It was a pottery business established in 1909 in Upchurch, Kent, by the Wakely brothers. Most of the clay used in production was taken from what is now called Springbank Farm in Poot Lane Upchurch. There were many finished articles that were beautifully glazed and coloured. The Kent Farm Institute was founded when land was purchased in 1919 at Grove End Farm, Tunstall, near Sittingbourne. In 1929, the Farm Institute occupied the nearby Borden Grammar School. Subsequently, in 1958, the Farm Institute merged with the Kent Horticultural Institute to form the Kent and Horticultural Institute. Following acquisition of property in Hadlow, the merger was renamed in 1967 as the Hadlow College of Agriculture and Horticulture (Photo 3 in Appendix A). Chatham Dockyard, located on the River Medway came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. For 414 years Chatham Dockyard provided over 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled craftsmen and covered 400 acres. Chatham dockyard (Photo 4 in Appendix A) subsequently closed in 1984, and the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust now manages 84 acres of the Georgian dockyard as a visitor attraction. Thanet is rich in history and geography. There is much to discover and ample scope for original research into new topics. Three of these topics were enthusiastically pursued by members of the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association in the first 6 months of its existence.

In Pegwell Bay (Photo 5 in Appendix A), there was a tremendous growth of Spartina grass. This spread of Spartina was the IOTGA team’s first research project.

On 12th March 1956, a research party, led by Alice Coleman, set out to survey the extent of the Spartina grass. The group were first shown how to use a prismatic compass; then 3 stations, marked with survey poles, were set up on top of the cliffs. Bearings were taken from these 3 stations to 13 poles stuck in the mud at the edge of the Spartina grass (Photo 6 in Appendix A) and entered on to a piece of specially prepared paper. After plotting the positions obtained, a line was drawn through the seaward edge of the

7 Spartina grass for March 1956. This showed that a band 600ft in width is in the process of being won from the sea. The finding was retained so that the future researchers could compare the position of the line in several years to come.

The second project was to locate and examine the caves around the Thanet coast. The first cave to be investigated was at Chilton, a village situated on the Pegwell Bay chalk cliffs (Photos 7 and 8 in Appendix A). This first cave was by far the most difficult to assess as it was piled high with mussel shells to within a few inches of the roof. As the project team worked westwards, the caves increased in size.

The survey consisted of measuring the length of the cave, the height and width at the back and front, the height of the seaweed on the side and the direction of the cave. The floor material, shells, sand, seaweed or flints, was also noted to try to determine the cause of the cave.

Further surveys were undertaken around Kingsgate and near Westgate and Birchington. In total, 101 caves were surveyed. In many cases, it was found that the oblique angle of the caves was affected by the orientation and the prevailing winds and waves. Today, a large number of Thanet’s caves have been concreted up for safety reasons or have been lost behind the promenades and sea defences.

A third project was undertaken in April 1956 to determine the vertical level of sand around the Thanet coast. 15 stations were set up and daily observations were taken to see how much change had occurred.

The measurements revealed considerable changes with the greatest occurring behind Broadstairs harbour (44 inches – see Photo 9 in Appendix A). At nearly every station, the biggest changes took place at the time of the spring tides and the end of April.

The original intention was for lectures to take place at different locations within the 3 main towns in Thanet; the locations originally proposed were Charles Dickens School in Broadstairs, Clarendon House Grammar School in Ramsgate and the Lausanne School in Margate; however, the only schools used to host the lectures throughout the 10 year period were in fact the Charles Dickens School, Clarendon House Grammar School and Dane Court Boys’ School. The initial lecture of the first full decade was at the Charles Dickens School and was presented by Peggy Hopkins and her subject was entitled “A European Journey through France, Italy, Switzerland and Belgium”. Although the records in the archives were incomplete, there were

8 at least 81 lectures given in this first decade. It was also recorded that Alice Coleman, the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association president, gave 10 lectures on various topics throughout this 10 year period.

During this decade, at least 49 Field Trips and Excursions took place (those for 1959/1960 were missing from the Archives). These were made to a variety of Industrial Organisations and Towns and Country Locations. Since these excursions were made in 1956 to 1966, a significant number have either been closed down, demolished, changed or relocated; details of these, giving a summary of their activities are shown in the Appendix B.

Despite there being no holidays for the years 1961/1962 and 1962/1963 mentioned in the archives, records show that in the first decade, there were 13 holidays. There were 6 to Europe, 6 within the United Kingdom and Ireland and a 4 week North American Holiday to Canada, United States of America and Puerto Rico. The latter holiday was an outstanding success; the wider Geographical Asociation were advised and a party of 112 set off for an interest filled trip that was to take them to Montreal, Toronto, New York, Washington, Shenandoah National Park as well as a week in Puerto Rico. The whole adventure cost £238. The holiday was fully documented in the souvenir volume 11 of “Panorama”.

In the decade, there were 4 local projects conducted; these took the form of surveys, namely: Sandwich Urban Survey, Thanet Well Survey, A Spring Survey in the Isle of Thanet and the Pegwell Bay Survey. Reports on these Projects were recorded in “Panorama” volumes 2, 2, 3 and 9 respectively. However, the major project of the decade was the new “Land Use Survey of Britain”.

The first Land Utilisation Survey of Britain was a comprehensive survey of land use in Great Britain in the 1930s. This survey was the first such comprehensive survey in Britain since the Domesday Book survey in the 11th Century.

Dudley Stamp, reader and later professor of geography at the London School of Economics instigated the survey. Preliminary experimental work was done in 1929, the survey got going in earnest in 1930 and most of the field work was completed in the field season of 1931.

In the 25 years since the Land Utilisation Survey was carried out in East Kent, many changes, both urban and rural, took place in the intervening period. Two members of the committee (Alice Coleman and Ken Maggs) felt an urge to record an up-to-date picture and ambitiously planned a survey of

9 nearly 500 square miles, ie the area of East Kent. Eleven other members gave their assistance with the project and it was completed in mid 1959. Alice Coleman was invited to give a lecture on the results at the Geographical Association’s National Conference in January 1960.

Then began a period of constructive activity. Alice Coleman and Ken Maggs illustrated and the IOTGA published a 32 page handbook. This handbook, which costed 2s 6d (in old money), had to be reprinted 3 times due to demand and orders were received as far afield as Sweden, Ontario and Pakistan.

Alice Coleman's survey employed a much more detailed classification than Stamp's in both urban and rural areas, giving 64 categories grouped into 13 groupings. The general colour scheme of Stamp's survey was followed (red, yellow, brown, purple, dark and light green), but red now signified industry rather than urban, and purple indicated market gardening and orchards rather than suburban. The new colours of grey (settlement), orange (transport) and lime green (parks and open spaces) were added. Besides solid colour the maps employed patterned colour (stipple, horizontal, diagonal and pecked lines etc.) together with numeric and alphabetic symbols. In addition black stipple was used for derelict sites, white for unvegetated land (natural bare rock etc. or stripped land awaiting development), and blue for water and marsh. Industry was subdivided into manufacturing (solid red) and extractive, tips and utilities using various patterns. Manufacturing was further divided by numbers indicating 14 groupings based on the Standard Industrial Classification as used in the 1951 Census, for example 3 for glass, ceramics and cement, 6 for engineering and shipbuilding, 7 for vehicle manufacture, etc. Large transport uses (ports, airports, railway yards etc.) were indicated by orange stipple.

Rural uses were also subdivided using patterns: market gardening into 10 categories ranging from 'field vegetables' to 'orchards with market gardening' and arable into 6 categories ranging from cereals to fallow. Heath, moorland and rough land (yellow wash) was overprinted with one or more of 16 symbols to indicate vegetation types.

Keen and competent geographers welcomed the project whole-heartedly. There was a reaction in a few quarters that it was almost incredulous that a single Geographical Association could aspire to so much. Indeed, the parent Geographical Association declared that it was impossible for such a project to be undertaken by a branch and their first impulse was to take it over themselves. Fortunately, its ultimate decision proved favourable in that it

10 acceded to the request by the IOTGA not to take the survey over and to offer any unofficial help within its power.

The Royal Geographical Society was most gracious in granting help. Its distinguished platform was offered to Alice Coleman for a lecture in March 1960 and its exhibition gallery was devoted to a display on Land Use for several weeks.

Around 3000 volunteers completed much of the field work covering some 90% of England and Wales. However, several members of the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association contributed to this national survey. They included Pam Dunford, Clare Lukehurst, Ken Maggs, P Mitchel, Mr and Miss Palin, Janet Pigg and Miss G Brand and Marjorie Woodward covering the areas Fordingbridge, Mitcham and the Isle of Purbeck, Croyden and Edenbridge, Ashford in Kent, Exmoor and Cranbrook respectively.

The Nature Conservancy provided the salaries of two full-time surveyors to map the vegetation in the the remote moorland areas. Funds for preparing maps for the printer were granted by University College, Swansea and the Pantyfedwyn Trust. These totalled £1000. The evolving printing fund, which was so generously opened by Professor Stamp’s gift of £2000 was augmented by Broadstairs, Deal and Ramsgate Councils and by the School which mapped the Princes Risborough Sheet. Secretarial, postage and other expenses were met by Professor Stamp and Alice Coleman, whilst the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth provided secretarial and administrative expenses for the Welsh Regional Organiser.

Unfortunately, coverage of only around 10% of the country was published at 1:25,000 due to printing problems (only 115 sheets had been completed when the programme was suspended in 1977). Nevertheless published sheets included the whole of Greater London and industrial Thames-side, giving a snapshot of London at its peak as a centre of manufacturing.

The handing down of tradition demanded the printed word. This was one of the principal aims of “Panorama”. It was hoped to record the Isle of Thanet Branch activities of the Geographical Association, particularly the results of research projects and to make them available to build on further in future years.

A crest for the Association (shown in Photo 10 in Appendix A) was designed and it was decided by the committee that it should appear on the cover of the magazine; it showed Thanet against the background of the whole world, a reminder that the Branch’s interest is not just parochial. In the first volume,

11 there were articles on Wales and Norway. Unfortunately, the crest was only used on the covers of the first 4 volumes and the souvenir volume 11 but on all of the other covers there were scenes of various Thanet landscapes.

The actual printing of the first volume was undertaken by the members themselves. A type-setting party was set up to deal with the exacting task. The printing squad included Alice Coleman, Marjorie Woodward, Peggy Hopkins, Mrs Greig, John Lane, Alan Simmons, Michael and John Cuckney, Vera Wiggett, Carol Coatman, A Check, A Neve, Mary Tully, Mary Towes, J Frier, Linda Beecham, Carol Mizon, Kathleen Cunningham and Ken and Mrs Maggs.

During the decade, there were 11 volumes printed; volumes 1 to 4 were edited by Ken Maggs, volumes 5 to 8 by Clare Lukehurst, Volume 9 by John Evans, volume 10 by Alice Coleman and volume 11 jointly by Alice Coleman and Prof WGV Balchin. In the 10 years there were 135 papers written and the main contributors were Alice Coleman and Clare Lukehurst who wrote 10 and 4 respectively. Also included in the volumes were Reports on various Projects (5) conducted by the members and Reports on Field Trips (4) and Holidays (24); the latter figure included 23 articles by 10 contributors who went on the Transatlantic Tour of 1964 to produce the Souvenir Volume 11. In most volumes were included the annual Reports from the IOTGA Secretary and Treasurer.

By 1961, the popularity of the Panorama among its readership in IOTGA and in members of other Branches was such that there was a very large influx of articles from over 50 authors and this created a problem of how to arrange and put nearly 100 pages of text into a space allowance of only 44 pages. It was decided to devote the next volume (7) to Reports on the Land Use Survey Project and apologies were offered to those contributors whose articles could not be printed.

Throughout the decade, 13 film evenings were enjoyed by members at Clarendon House Grammar School; these were organised and run by Tony and Margaret Berrington. The films were very informative and gave the audience many interesting details on cities and countries throughout the world. In 1958, Tony and Margaret Berrington ran a photographic competition where members could display their holiday and other photographs.

In 1962, the committee held an Exhibition in Ramsgate Library to convey to the Thanet population at large the achievements of the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association in its initial years and to highlight its ambitions for

12 the future. In the weekend of this exhibition which showed the work of its members, it was manned by the committee and was attended by more than 400 people. A Treasure Hunt was run by the committee in July 1958.

Two members’ evenings at Clarendon House Grammar School took place during this decade in July 1958 and in January 1964. These gave members an opportunity to talk about their experiences and generally discuss the various activities within the Branch. It was recorded in the archives that Captain Hardy, Mr R Sharp, Mary Towes and John Cuckney were prominent in the discussions. A social evening for members took place in the Memorial Hall in St Peters in May 1959.

During the decade, Annual Dinners and/or Christmas Parties were held at the San Clu Hotel in Ramsgate, the Belle Vue and the Grosvenor Court Hotels, both of which were located in Cliftonville. Neither of the latter two now exist as hotels due to the downturn of Thanet’s Tourist Industry in the seventies. The Belle Vue is now a venue for ‘live music’ and the Grosvenor Court was converted into a ‘Care Home’.

13 Second Decade 1966 to 1976

All the lectures in this decade were presented at Clarendon House Grammar School. There were 94 lectures given in this decade; it was recorded that Alice Coleman, the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association president, gave 9 lectures on various topics throughout this 10 year period.

During this decade, at least 12 Field Trips and Excursions took place (those for 1969/1970/1971/1972/1973 and 1974/1975 were missing in the Archives). These were made to a variety of Towns and Country Locations and indeed included a day trip to Holland.

In the decade, there were 9 holidays, 4 in the UK and 5 abroad. The two most incredible holidays were to East Africa in 1968 and a Study Tour of Canada and the Rocky Mountains in 1972.

The East African Journey by jet airliner took members across North Africa, the Sahara and the Savanas to Kenya; this included visits to Mombasa and Nairobi and a trek to Mount Kenya. The Kenyan visit also took them to see the Tebere Irrigation Scheme and also an expedition to the British, French and Tanzanian islands off the East African coast.

The North American Tour took 150 members in a chartered aircraft and coaches through the towering mountains and dense forests of some of the National Parks in West Canada and the USA. It was a memorable experience.

There were 2 Panoramas published in this decade. The first in 1967 was very successful and was edited by a committee comprising CJ Hudson, JM Evans, Clare Lukehurst and Gwen Page; Alice Coleman contributed 7 papers whilst Clare Lukehurst contributed 3 and J Whyman and Gwen Page contributed 2 each. The magazine was all about Thanet and was divided into 7 sections, namely, The Thanet Coast, The History of Thanet. The Thanet Towns, Farming in Thanet, Transport, Walks and Places to Visit and Recreation and Hobbies.

14 The second (Volume 13) was published by the Branch for its members and all its articles were written by its members. Marjorie Woodward wrote a summary of the outsatanding events of the previous 15 years. This volume also described some local excursions made by its members and reminiscences of the East Africa tour in 1968.

During the decade, there were 19 film and slide evenings that were all organised by Tony and Margaret Berrington and enjoyed by members and their guests. Most took place at Clarendon House Grammar School; however, during some of these evening shows, members partook of buffet suppers at Ramsgate’s San Clu Hotel.

Annual Dinners or Dinner/Dances took place at either the San Clu Hotel or at the Walpole Bay Hotel in Cliftonville.

A re-union meeting was organised at the San Clu Hotel in October 1969. Former students of the Branch came back for a buffet evening which included a film and a show of the latest slides.

In 1967, Dr K Edwards from the University of Nottingham edited a series of booklets entitled “British Landscapes through Maps” sponsored by the National Geographical Association. Each booklet was written by eminent geographers with long personal acquaintances with the county he or she described. Each dealt with a particular one inch Ordnance sheet providing an account which was complete in itself.

Two Branch members, Alice Coleman and Clare Lukehurst, were the authors of this East Kent study (shown as Photo 11 in Appendix A). Alice Coleman at the time had published a number of research papers dealing with the geomorphological and land use aspects of East Kent, whilst Clare Lukehurst at that time was engaged in research on the agricultural geography of the Thanet Marshes.

15 Third Decade 1976 to 1986

All the lectures in this decade were presented at Clarendon House Grammar School except the 1984/1985 session of lectures, which were conducted within the Broadstairs Council Chamber. There were 83 lectures given in this decade; it was noted that Alice Coleman, the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association president, gave 9 lectures on various topics throughout this 10 year period and Clare Lukehurst delivered 4 presentations.

During this decade, 34 Field Trips, Walks and Excursions took place. There were 7 Holidays in this decade – 5 to locations within the UK mainland and one to Jersey flying from Manston and another to Normandy and Brittany.

While in office, Shirley Williams MP, the then Secretary of State for Education in the James Callaghan government of 1976 to 1979, advocated the Comprehensive School system and the Abolition of Grammar Schools. Although this did happen in most parts of the United Kingdom, it did not occur in Kent, which retained the Grammar Schools. She also planned to merge the ‘O’ levels and CSEs as one examination.

In 1979, there was a change of Government and as Margaret Thatcher’s Secretary of State for Education, Sir Keith Joseph MP did merge the ‘O’ Levels and the CSEs into the GCSEs. Although not normally the responsibility of central government, he insisted on personally approving the individual subject syllabuses before the GCSE system was introduced. In June 1985, he addressed the Geographical Association in Sheffield on the place of Geography in the National Curriculum; Field Work was then quickly introduced into the National Curriculum as part of the Geography ‘A’ level Syllabus.

Up until 1986, the local Geographical Branches conducted Field Trips and generally included Geography Projects. The schools then took over these activities. The Isle of Thanet Geographical Association continued to run Field Trips not to include project work but as excursions to various places of interest.

Rex Walford, OBE, a former President of the National Geographical Association and a man who always believed in the need for strong factual

16 knowledge in geography, instigated the Worldwise Quiz in 1984. A photo of Rex is shown in Appendix A (photo 12). As secretary of its organising committee and indefatigable main question setter, Rex was the driving force behind the Quiz for the next ten years, during which time it is estimated that over 15,000 contestants took part in schools throughout the UK. As student membership of the Isle of Thanet Branch was in decline at the time, this inspired Marjorie Woodward, a committee member, to involve Thanet students in the Worldwise Quiz. She organized the first Worldwise Quiz in Thanet in 1985 at Park Hall, Broadstairs. The chairman was Richard Randall, the Quiz Master was Peter Goddard, the Registrar was Mrs E Buller and the Timekeeper and Scorer was Mrs E Weir; the refreshments for the evening were arranged by Marjory Wilkinson. The winners of the first WWQ Plaque were the students of Sir Roger Manwood’s School. During the decade there were 8 film and slide shows including buffet suppers again organised by Tony and Margaret Berrington; these were held at the San Clu Hotel, the Newbury Hotel and Northdown House. In addition, there were Social and Slide Show evenings at the Newbury Hotel, Concorde Leisure Centre in Ramsgate, Northdown House and the Beverley Hotel in Ramsgate.

A Members’ evening was held at Granville House Hotel where members discussed issues with respect to the Branch. A Youth Evening was held at the Newbury Hotel where an attentive audience listened to speakers from Clarendon House Grammar School, Dane Court School and St George’s School.

In November 1978, a 21st Anniversary Dinner took place at the Granville House Hotel where the guest Speaker was Professor Wise of the University of London. A 30th Anniversary Celebratory Dinner took place in March 1986 at the Dumpton Leisure Centre where members were accompanied by the Mayor and Mayoress of Ramsgate, Cllr and Mrs Richard Taylor.

17 Fourth Decade 1986 to 1996

All the lectures in this decade until the season 1988/1989 were delivered at Clarendon House Grammar School; after that season, the lecture presentations were moved to Park Hall, an annex adjacent to the Broadstairs and St Peters Council Chamber complex. Although the lectures in the 1992/1993 year were missing in the archives, there were at least 79 lectures given in this decade; it was recorded that Alice Coleman, the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association president, gave 7 lectures on various topics throughout this 10 year period whilst Clare Lukehurst delivered 3 presentations.

Following the governmental reorganisation of the teaching of ‘A’ Geography in the last decade, this was the first where no project orientated Field Work was conducted. However, 32 interest filled excursions were organised during this decade. There were 10 holidays organised in this decade. Four were in Europe whilst the rest were in the United Kingdom.

The Worldwise Quizzes continued into this decade and the same committee members participated each year to make the Quiz an on-going success. Although most of the local Grammar and Secondary Schools took part, the students from 3 schools were winners in the 8 quizzes conducted. St Lawrence College won twice in 1986 and 1989, Simon Langton Grammar School once in 1992 and Chatham House Grammar School 5 times in 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991 and 1993.

Although there was a lot of information missing in the archives, two Christmas Dinners were held at The Great Expectations in Broadstairs and at the Hotel Lancaster in Broadstairs in December 1990 and 1992 respectively. An American Supper also took place at Northdown House in September 1988.

18 Fifth Decade 1996 to 2006

All the lectures in this decade were given at Park Hall; however, in addition there were 3 memorial lectures for Miss Toni Powell-Cotton (the daughter of Percy Powell-Cotton - the famous explorer, hunter and early conservationist, most noted for the creation of the Powell-Cotton Museum in the grounds of his home Quex Park in Birchington). These were presented at the Ursuline College in November 1998 and November 1999 and at Dane Court School in October 2000. Although the lectures in 1998/1999 were missing in the archives, there were at least 87 lectures given in this decade; it was recorded that Clare Lukehurst gave 3 lectures on various topics throughout this 10 year period whilst Brenda Sotos delivered 2 presentations.

Twelve excursions were made in this decade. Two were to Exhibitions in London, one at the Barbican and Tower Bridge in October 1997 and a second to the Royal Geographical Society Jordanian Exhibition in March 1998. Another was a day excursion to Germany for Christmas Shopping. A Jubilee excursion was a Boat Trip from Sandwich Quay to Pegwell Bay in June 2006. There were 9 holidays in the decade. One holiday was to Holland, one to Annecy and the French Alps and another to Barcelona whilst the others were all in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

In April 2004, the National Geographical Association held its annual conference at the University of Kent in Canterbury; Fred Fielder and John Cary attended this event and thought that it was too academic and school orientated for other Branch members to participate.

There were very few social events in this decade. The 40th Anniversary Dinner was celebrated at the Walpole Bay Hotel in December 1996; the guest speaker was Professor Balchin of University College, Swansea. The attendees were welcomed by Elsie Weir, the Chairman. After an excellent meal, everyone was entertained by ‘The Serenaders’ led by Mrs Janice Reagan. This was followed by reminiscences from Alice Coleman, Prof William Balchin, Marjorie Woodward and Fred Fielder. The speakers recalled the inaugural meeting, early research on the Thanet caves, the ambitious tours including the one to North America, books written and surveys undertaken and most importantly the virtue of learning geography through one’s ‘feet’. Photographs taken at the event were made into an

19 album by Maureen Randall. Selected photos of the function are shown in Appendix A (Photos 13 to 16).

Annual dinners were also enjoyed at the Walpole Bay Hotel, Marchesi’s Restaurant and Northdown House. At one of the Northdown House dinners, Alice Coleman gave a talk entitled “The Way Children are taught to read”. In July 2006, a Jubilee Dinner was held at Northdown House at which there were 25 attendees.

20 Sixth Decade 2006 to 2016

All the lectures in this decade were given at Park Hall until 2011/2012 when the lecture evenings had to be transferred to the Community Hall adjacent to the Broadstairs Council Chamber due to the dilapidated state of the Park Hall building. There were 80 lectures given in this decade; it was recorded that members Clare Lukehurst gave 5 lectures on various topics throughout this 10 year period whilst Fred Fielder, Brenda Sotos and Vic Voss delivered 3, 2 and 2 presentations respectively. In addition, 4 speakers who were not members, Mr Don Wilks, Mr Brian Witherington, Dr Brian Summerfield and Tony Child each delivered more than one presentation during this decade.

For the first time since June 2005 a Professor gave a lecture to the Branch. Professor Hubbard from the University of Kent gave a presentation on “The Social Geography of Thanet Shopping”; a synopsis of his lecture was published in the October 2014 edition of the local magazine “Thanet Watch”.

There were 10 excursions and trips during this decade. Two of these were in fact pub lunches followed by talks and one included an additional tour at the location. In November 2014, lunch was at the Bell Inn in St Nicholas-at- Wade and was followed by a talk by Jim Pace on Biogas Technology. In July 2015, Julie Thomset of the Kent Wildlife Trust gave a talk; a luncheon was served at King Ethelbert Inn, Reculver and this was followed by a guided talk on the Geology, Sea Defences and the History of the Reculver Towers by Pamela Goward. In November 2015, members and their guests were invited to join Susan Johnson (Tony Powell-Cotton’s great niece), Vera Gibbons (nee Wigget) one of the IOTGA's first student members, her husband Trevor and Quex Archivist Hazel Basford for a lunch at Quex Barn in Birchington. This was followed by a visit behind the scenes to see how Tony’s archaeological excavations helped by the IOTGA at Minnis Bay gave an insight as to how the inhabitants of Thanet lived some three – four thousand years ago. There was also a visit to the Powell-Cotton Museum in Quex Park to see the Powell-Cotton family’s extraordinary collection of natural history, ethnography and fine and decorative arts.

Eight holidays were organised for members within the United Kingdom and Jersey.

21 Christmas was celebrated in each year of the decade; members attended 2 dinners at Northdown House (2006 and 2007) and 3 at Aqua 43 restaurant (2010, 2011 and 2012) in Broadstairs. Two buffet meals were held in Park Hall (2008 and 2009). Three Christmas luncheons (2013, 2014 and 2015) took place at East Kent College in Broadstairs – a College which provides courses in Catering and Hospitality; members were served by students as part of their training.

After the 2007 Dinner, Alice Coleman gave a talk on the lifetime achievements of Professor Balchin, who had passed away in the July of 2007. He was a past President of the National Geographical Association and completed a proud 75 years of continuous geographic activity; he was an enthusiastic member of the Isle of Thanet Branch and took an active part in the Second Land Use Survey directed by Alice Coleman.

On 10th June 2013, a presentation of a certificate was made on behalf of the Branch by Marjorie Woodward, a founder member, to Fred Fielder (Photo 17 in Appendix A); he stood down as Chairman after 30 years service on the committee.

Through determination and persistence, Nigel Webb successfully obtained a grant from Kent County Council with the help of Cllr Bill Haydon. The money was used to update the Branch’s equipment portfolio with the purchase of a new White Screen, a Video Camera and a Laptop bringing the Branch into the 21st century.

In the Queen’s Birthday Honours in June 2015, Dr Clare Lukehurst, the Vice President of the Branch was awarded an OBE; she had been recognised for her services to the Anaerobic Digestion Industry (Photo 18 in Appendix A). She also received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Anaerobic Digestion & Biogas Association (ADBA) Industry Awards ceremony in 2013, when she was described as an ‘indefatigable promoter, defender and advisor on Anaerobic Digestion’. Prince Charles conferred the OBE medal to her at an Investiture in the ballroom at Buckingham Palace on 4th February 2016.

In September 2015, a long-standing member of the Branch achieved the grand age of 100 years. In recognition of this, the Branch celebrated the occasion with the cutting of a cake and Brenda Sotos, the Chairman, presented Ethel Tumber with a gift and card at the first lecture of the year. Another long-standing member, Kathleen Moore, reached her 100th year in February 2016; at her request, this achievement was celebrated at her home with only her family; all the members of the Branch signed a card for her. Photos of both the centenarians are shown in Photo 19 in Appendix A.

22

The IOTGA had a stand at the Thanet Community Support Partnership Silver Sunday Exhibition in both Octobers 2014 and 2015, which were both manned by Derek Wilson and Clare Lukehurst. The former was held at the Trinity Resource Centre in Cliftonville whilst the latter was held at St Augustine’s in Westgate-on-Sea. The TCSP is a central point of contact representing groups of organisations that work predominantly to support older people in a number of ways. The aim of this exhibition was to highlight the wide range of activities available to the over sixties in Thanet.

The exhibition in 2015 had more stands than in 2014. In 2015, a significant number of stands were looking for volunteers for the care of the elderly and were committed to getting the same group of people out and about in the community. There were also stands, where organisations were promoting themselves to enhance their membership; the IOTGA was included in this group together with the Canterbury Rotary Club, the Thanet Rotary Club, the Historical Society, the Thanet Astronomical Group, the Birchington Probus Club, and Kent Adult Education.

23 Committees During the Decades

President Vice Chairman Vice Chairman President

1956/57 Alice Coleman Alice Coleman Mr Unitt 1957/58 Alice Coleman Alice Coleman Mr Unitt 1958/59 Alice Coleman Alice Coleman Mr Unitt 1959/60 Alice Coleman Alice Coleman Mr Unitt 1960/61 Alice Coleman Alice Coleman Mr Unitt 1961/62 Alice Coleman Alice Coleman Mr R Sharp 1962/63 Alice Coleman Marjorie Woodward Mr R Sharp 1963/64 Alice Coleman R Sharp Marjorie Woodward Mr R Sharp 1964/65 Alice Coleman Marjorie Woodward A Berrington 1965/66 Alice Coleman Marjorie Woodward A Berrington 1966/67 Alice Coleman Marjorie Woodward A Berrington 1967/68 Alice Coleman S Donaldson Marjorie Woodward A Berrington 1968/69 Alice Coleman S Donaldson Marjorie Woodward A Berrington 1969/70 Alice Coleman S Donaldson Marjorie Woodward S Donaldson 1970/71 Alice Coleman S Donaldson Marjorie Woodward S Donaldson 1971/72 Alice Coleman S Donaldson Marjorie Woodward S Donaldson 1972/73 Alice Coleman S Donaldson Marjorie Woodward S Donaldson 1973/74 Alice Coleman J Evans Marjorie Woodward R Evans 1974/75 Alice Coleman J Evans Marjorie Woodward R Evans 1975/76 Alice Coleman J Evans Peter Goddard R Evans 1976/77 Alice Coleman Mr Troop Marjorie Woodward P Goddard 1977/78 Alice Coleman Mr Troop Marjorie Woodward P Goddard 1978/79 Alice Coleman Mr Troop Peter Goddard Marjorie Woodward 1979/80 Alice Coleman Mr Troop Marjorie Woodward Mr K Troop 1980/81 Alice Coleman Mr Troop Marjorie Woodward Mr W Dutton 1981/82 Alice Coleman Mrs Spratling Marjorie Woodward Mr W Dutton 1982/83 Alice Coleman Marjorie Woodward Mr W Dutton 1983/83 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder Mr W Dutton 1983/84 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder Mr W Dutton 1984/85 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder Marjorie Woodward 1985/86 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder 1986/87 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder 1987/88 Alice Coleman Mrs D Taylor 1988/89 Alice Coleman Mrs D Taylor 1989/90 Alice Coleman Mrs D Taylor 1990/91 Alice Coleman Mrs D Taylor 1991/92 Alice Coleman Richard Randall 1992/93 Alice Coleman Elsie Weir Mrs J Harding 1993/94 Alice Coleman Elsie Weir Mrs J Harding

24 Committees During the Decades

President Vice Chairman Vice President Chairman

1994/95 Alice Coleman Elsie Weir Mrs J Harding 1995/96 Alice Coleman Elsie Weir Mrs J Harding 1996/97 Alice Coleman Elsie Weir Mrs J Harding 1997/98 Alice Coleman Mrs J Harding Brenda Sotos 1998/99 Alice Coleman Mrs J Harding Brenda Sotos 1999/00 Alice Coleman Janet Ingram Brenda Sotos 2000/01 Alice Coleman Janet Ingram Brenda Sotos 2001/02 Alice Coleman Janet Ingram Brenda Sotos 2002/03 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2003/04 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2004/05 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2005/06 Alice Coleman Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2006/07 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2007/08 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2008/09 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2009/10 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2010/11 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2011/12 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2012/13 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Fred Fielder Brenda Sotos 2013/14 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Brenda Sotos Nigel Webb 2014/15 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Brenda Sotos Nigel Webb 2015/16 Alice Coleman Clare Lukehurst Brenda Sotos Nigel Webb

25 Committees During the Decades

Treasurer Secretary Programme Publicity Secretary Secretary

1956/57 Miss G Scard Marjorie Woodward 1957/58 Miss G Scard Marjorie Woodward 1958/59 Miss G Scard I Owen 1959/60 Miss G Scard I Owen 1960/61 Miss G Scard Mrs S Greig 1961/62 Miss G Scard Mr A Twigger Mr S Donaldson 1962/63 Miss G Scard Mr A Trigger Mr S Donaldson 1963/64 Miss G Scard Mr W Mason Mr S Donaldson 1964/65 Miss G Scard Mr W Mason Mr S Donaldson 1965/66 Miss G Scard Mr W Mason Mr S Donaldson 1966/67 Miss G Scard Mr W Mason Mr S Donaldson 1967/68 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Mr S Donaldson 1968/69 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Mr S Donaldson 1969/70 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Mr S Donaldson 1970/71 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Mr S Donaldson 1971/72 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Mr S Donaldson 1972/73 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Carol Mizon 1973/74 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans 1974/75 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Mr R Holmes 1975/76 Miss G Scard Mr J Evans Mr R Holmes 1976/77 Miss G Scard Mrs M Stannard Mrs W Spratling Miss Prebble 1977/78 Miss G Scard Mrs M Stannard Mr R Holmes 1978/79 Mr D Quick Mrs M Stannard Mr R Holmes 1979/80 Mr D Quick Mrs M Stannard Mrs W Spratling 1980/81 Eric Black Mrs W Spratling 1981/82 Eric Black Mrs W Spratling 1982/83 Eric Black Linda Kerry 1983/83 Eric Black Linda Kerry 1983/84 Eric Black Linda Kerry 1984/85 Eric Black Linda Kerry 1985/86 Eric Black Linda Kerry Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1986/87 Eric Black Linda Kerry Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1987/88 Eric Black Linda Kerry Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1988/89 Eric Black Linda Kerry Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1989/90 Eric Black Mr G Jackson Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1990/91 Eric Black Mr G Jackson Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1991/92 Eric Black Eunice Buller Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1992/93 Eric Black Eunice Buller Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1993/94 Eric Black Eunice Buller Richard Randall Brenda Sotos

26 Committees During the Decades

Treasurer Secretary Programme Publicity Secretary Secretary

1994/95 Eric Black Eunice Buller Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1995/96 Eric Black Eunice Buller Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1996/97 Eric Black Eunice Buller Richard Randall Brenda Sotos 1997/98 Eric Black Eunice Buller Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 1998/99 Eric Black Eunice Buller Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 1999/00 John Cary Eunice Buller Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2000/01 John Cary Eunice Buller Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2001/02 John Cary Eunice Buller Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2002/03 John Cary Janet Ingram Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2003/04 John Cary Janet Ingram Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2004/05 Nigel Webb Beryl Webb Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2005/06 Nigel Webb Beryl Webb Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2006/07 Nigel Webb Beryl Webb Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2007/08 Nigel Webb Beryl Webb Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2008/09 Nigel Webb Beryl Webb Ivy Clarke Brenda Sotos 2009/10 Clive Corke Yvonne Corke Ray Baxter Brenda Sotos 2010/11 Clive Corke Yvonne Corke Ray Baxter Brenda Sotos 2011/12 Clive Corke Yvonne Corke Ray Baxter Brenda Sotos 2012/13 Clive Corke Derek Wilson Ray Baxter Derek Wilson 2013/14 Clive Corke Derek Wilson Derek Wilson Derek Wilson 2014/15 Clive Corke Derek Wilson Derek Wilson Derek Wilson 2015/16 Pamela Goward Derek Wilson Derek Wilson Derek Wilson

27 Appendix A Photographs

1. Original Lantern Slide Projector

2. Clarendon House Grammar School

3. Kent Farm Institute

28

4. Chatham Dockyard Clocktower Building

5. Pegwell Bay

6. Spartina grass

29

7. Caves at Pegwell Bay

8. Caves at Pegwell Bay

9. Broadstairs Harbour showing sand level

30

10. The IOTGA Crest

11. East Kent Booklet

31

12. Dr Rex Walford OBE

13 Guest Speaker Prof William Balchin with President Prof Coleman and Chairman Elsie Weir

32

14 Dr Clare Lukehurst and Pamela Dunford, Tours Secretary and Panorama Editor respectively

15 Brenda Sotos and Eric Black, Publicity and Treasurer respectively

33

16 Yvonne and Clive Corke Later to become Secretary and Treasurer in 2009

17. Presentation to Fred Fielder by Marjorie Woodward

34

18. Dr Lukehurst at the ADBA Industry Awards in 2013

19 Centenarians Ethel Tumber and Kathleen Moore

35 APPENDIX B Firms which were discontinued since 1956-1966

Chislet Colliery

Fig 1 Chislet Colliery 1956

The first coal to be produced at the Colliery in 1918 and by 1945 had a workforce of 1350. It was a shallow pit of 15000 feet; Chislet’s main customer was British Rail and was viable right up till the end of steam in 1968. It was producing 8000 tonnes per week when it was closed in 1969.

Pfizer Antibiotic Factory

The Pfizer Antibiotic Factory in Sandwich was opened in 1957 to manufacture Terramycin, Tetracyn, Macromycin and Poliomyelitis Vaccine. Following massive investment in manufacturing and research, the company grew to become one of the largest producers of drugs in the UK and abroad. However, from 2007, as part of a company wide strategy, Pfizer decided to close their manufacturing plant and withdraw from certain areas of research with the loss of over 2800 jobs. In 2011, Pfizer renamed the Sandwich site as ‘Discovery Park’, put it up for sale but retained some 350 jobs at Discovery Park.

36

Fig 2 Antibiotic crystallisation being carried out under aseptic conditions in the refining area at the Sandwich Factory in 1957

Hudson’s Flour Mill

Fig 3 Hudson’s Flour Mill in Ramsgate

The Ramsgate Flour Mill was built in 1865 and closed in 2005 when Rank Hovis sold the site to a private developer, as it became no longer commercially viable. However, it did become a Grade 2 listed building in 1988.

37 Sharp’s Dairy

Fig 4 Sharp’s Bottled Milk

Sharp’s was a long established dairy serving the local community with daily supplies of milk in glass bottles using ‘milk floats’. For many in Thanet and indeed in the UK, the arrival of the milkman with their doorstep delivery was an essential part of the day or week. Due to economic reasons, its continuation became unviable.

Billingsgate Market

In its original location in the 19th century, Billingsgate Wharf was the largest fish market in the world. The opening of the railways changed the nature of the trade, and by the late nineteenth century most of the fish arrived at the market via the Great Eastern Railway.

In 1982, the fish market was relocated to a new 13 acre building complex on the Isle of Dogs close to Canary Wharf.

38

Fig 5 Purchasing Fish at Billingsgate Market 1958

Sarre Windmill

Fig 6 Sarre Windmill

Sarre Windmill is a smock mill built in 1820. The mill was worked by wind until 1920, when the sails were taken down. The mill worked for a few years longer powered by the gas engine, but had ceased milling by the early 1930s. The mill was re-commissioned in the late 1930s before finally stopping in 1940 as the engine had been damaged by frost in the severe winter that year. The mill remained semi-derelict until 1986, when restoration was started, being completed in 1991.

39

Fleet Street

Fleet Street is a street in the City of London named after the River Fleet, London's largest underground river. It was the home of British national newspapers until the 1980s. Publishing started in Fleet Street around 1500. Almost all of the newspapers have moved east to Wapping, Canary Wharf and south to Southwark in the 1980s and 1990s. The former offices of The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Express and the Reuters organisation are Listed Buildings in both exteriors and parts of interiors.

Fig 7 Fleet Street in the Sixties

Snowdown Colliery

Coal was first brought to the surface on 19 November 1912. The first shaft sunk hit water at 260 feet and 22 men were drowned. Snowdown was the deepest pit in Kent, reaching a depth of 3,083 feet. The colliery was served by the Faversham to Dover railway, and a halt (Snowdown and Nonington) was provided. In 1945 the workforce was 1,876, with 1,523 being employed sub- surface and 353 above. The colliery closed in 1987 and the shafts were capped in 1988.

40

Fig 8 Snowdown Colliery

Tomson & Wotton Brewery

Fig 9 Tomson & Wotton Brewery

The Tomson & Wotton brewery in Ramsgate was believed to be the oldest in Britain. Its earliest deed the brewery has dates from 1554. Thomas Tomson bought the brewery in about 1680; Martin Wotton, a descendant of Thomas, was made managing partner in 1882, and under him came the brewery's greatest

41 expansion. In 1892 the brewery and plant were largely rebuilt and expanded and owned some 40 public houses in Ramsgate. In 1957, the brewery entered into an association with Whitbread in 1957 but was later shut down for financial reasons.

Betteshanger Colliery

Fig 10 Betteshanger Colliery

Betteshanger colliery opened in the late 1920s and was the largest of the Kent collieries. It had two shafts of almost 2300 feet, plaques can still be seen where the shafts were once sunk. Betteshanger had a tradition of union militancy; it was the first pit to come out on strike during the Second World War and took active part in the miners' strikes of 1972, 1974 and 1984/5. It was the last Kent colliery to close, closing for good in 1989. A railway branch that left the main line between Deal & Sandwich served the colliery.

Bowater Paper Mill

The earliest history of paper making dates back to 1708. By 1912, The Sittingbourne Paper Mill became the largest mill in the world employing some 1200 people and producing 1200 tonnes per week. In the lead up to the Second World War, the demand for paper was significantly reduced and the mill was turned over to the production of munitions’ transportation carriages and "drop tanks" which were made of paper and resin. After the War, there was a major restructuring of the mill and the Bowater Mill was taken over by the Finnish company, Metsa Serla in 1998 but the plant was subsequently closed in 2007 despite massive investment.

42

Fig 11 Bowaters Sittingbourne Paper Mill

Ford Motor Company

Ford Dagenham is a major automotive factory located in Dagenham, Essex. The plant opened in 1931. It covers around 475 acres. Vehicle assembly ceased at the plant in 2002 but it continued as a major production site with the capacity to assemble 1.4 million engines a year. Employment at the plant peaked at around 40,000 workers in 1953. The Ford Anglia was designed and manufactured in Dagenham and was related to the Ford Prefect and the later Ford Popular. The Anglia name was applied to various models between 1939 and 1967.

Fig 12 Ford Anglia built in 1960

43 East Kent Times

The East Kent Times was a long established printing and publishing business based in Ramsgate. The Thanet Times took it over in 1978 as it was seen as an opportunity to increase its local newspaper circulation in Thanet. This latter firm was taken over by the Isle of Thanet Gazette, which in turn joined the Trinity Mirror Group in its portfolio of local newspapers.

Richborough Power Station

The power station was built by the Central Electricity Generating Board in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and entered service in 1962 as a 342MW coal-fired station, using coal from Kent and other coalfields. It operated from 1962 to 1996; the towers were demolished in 2012.

It was converted to burn oil in 1971 and further converted in 1989 to burn a proprietary oil and water emulsion called Orimulsion, imported from Venezuela through Port Richborough.

Fig 13 Richborough Power Station

44 Statistical Analysis of IOTGA Data

An analysis of the annual membership throughout the decades has been undertaken. The maximum membership of 243 occurred in 1957-1958 and the minimum number of members was in 2013-2014. The following Table and Chart shows the maximum and minimum and average number of members in each decade. From the mid-eighties, there was a significant reduction in the Branch membership. This was probably due to the changes in government legislation when schools became responsible for geography projects and field trips became part of the ‘A’ level syllabus; as a consequence, fewer teachers became active members of the IOTGA. Indeed, by the fifth decade there were only 2 members registered as students.

Again, in the sixth decade, there was another decline in membership; this was probably due to an ageing Branch membership. Although attendance at lectures remained steady at between 20 and 30 per meeting, there was also a significant reduction in the numbers going on Field Trips and Holidays.

Decade Minimum Average Maximum Membership Membership Membership

56-66 145 189 243 66-76 126 157 172 76-86 73 125 202 86-96 67 78 83 96-06 57 76 81 06-16 31 44 60

45

An analysis of members’ subscription changes throughout the decades was conducted. The following Table and Chart shows how the subscriptions have changed over the years and how they had changed when general inflation was taken into consideration. There were minor changes to subscriptions in the years to 2007. In the years from 2007, the annual subscription to the Branch had nearly doubled.

Year Member Adjustment for Change Subscription general Inflation

1956 0.4 0.40 1975 0.5 0.60 1977 1.0 1.05 1979 1.5 1.45 1982 2.0 2.35 1983 3.0 2.55 1994 5.0 4.75 2004 6.0 6.25 2007 8.0 6.85 2009 12.0 7.45 2014 15.0 8.75

An analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of a declining membership and rising subscriptions on the financial situation of the Branch. The following Table and Graphs show the effect over the decades of a declining membership and rising subscription rates. The findings showed that as the actual subscription rose throughout the decades, the actual Branch income also rose; however, when inflation was taken into consideration, there was a significant reduction in Branch

46 income due to the decline in membership. Other Branch income was not included in the survey, such as donations and visitor and guest income.

Although much of the Profit/Loss of the Branch was not recorded in the archives, it was noted that the Branch had current account deficits in the sessions 1999- 2000 and 2013-2014.

Decade Average Average Adult Total Inflation membership Subscription Subscription adjusted (£) Income (£) Income (£)

56-66 189 0.40 75.60 1572.27 66-76 157 0.41 64.37 947.05 76-86 125 1.40 175.00 792.32 86-96 78 3.4 265.20 589.76 96-06 76 4.7 357.20 553.67 06-16 44 9.7 426.8 426.80

It was tried to conduct an analysis of the lecture topics; these were tabulated and the subject matter delivered by the lecturers was found to be completely random, as shown below :

47 Decade % UK/Europe % Rest of World % Miscellaneous

1956-66 56.7 29.8 13.5 1966-76 37.2 34.1 28.7 1976-86 42.2 21.7 36.1 1986-96 35.3 36.7 38.0 1996-06 34.8 45.0 20.2 2006-16 33.6 34.7 31.7

Overall 40.0 32.0 28.0

However, it was noted that there was a decline in the number of lecturers giving presentations over the 6 decade period who came from academia, i.e., from schools, universities and college of further education. The findings are shown in the Table and Graph.

Decade % Lecturers from Schools and Universities

1956-66 55.5 1966-76 50.0 1976-86 57.7 1986-96 43.8 1996-06 29.3 2006-16 17.5

48

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Marjorie Woodward, Clare Lukehurst, Fred Fielder, Vera

Gibbons (nee Wiggett) and Nigel and Beryl Webb in providing me with information on the activities of the Branch during this period in its history.

Sincere thanks has been expressed to Fujifilm Speciality Ink Systems

Limited Pysons Road, Broadstairs for sponsoring the printing and publication of this Booklet.

In addition, sincere thanks is given to Seaward Copyshop, Church Street,

St Peters, Broadstairs who printed and published this booklet.

Derek Wilson, FTSC, BSc, LRSC, Hon Secretary, Isle of Thanet Geographical Association May 2016

49

Data and Information

Lecture Topics

Field Trips

Holidays

Panorama Authors and their Subject Titles

Land Use Survey Data

all derived from

the IOTGA Archives over the first 60 years

Contents

Topics Decade Page

Lectures 1956-1966 1 1966-1976 16 1976-1986 24 1986-1996 32 1996-2006 38 2006-2016 43

Field Trips 1956-1966 5 1966-1976 20 1976-1986 28 1986-1996 36 1996-1006 42 2006-2016 47

Holidays 1956-1966 7 1966-1976 21 1976-1986 29 1986-1996 37 1996-2006 42 2006-2016 47

Land Use 1956-1966 8

Panorama 1956-1966 10 1966-1976 22 1976-1986 30

Lectures 1956-1966

Date Speaker Topic

Jan 1956 Dr MJ Wise, London School Italy of Economics Feb 1956 Mr AM Kay The Evolution of Thanet Mar 1956 Miss A Coleman Norway Apr 1956 Mr D Pitt USA May 1956 Mr KC Girkin Switzerland

Sep 1956 Miss M Hopkins A European Journey through France, Italy, Switzerland and Belgium Oct 1956 Miss B White, Miss C Bruges Goatman, Miss M Towes, Mr R Towes Nov 1956 Mr R Cloet The Goodwin Sands Jan 1957 Miss A Coleman Local Geology Feb 1957 Mr J Unitt Water Supply in East Kent Mar 1957 Mr HJ Patterson-Rutherford Railways in East Kent Apr 1957 Dr JH Bird The Port of London May 1957 Mr K Maggs The Thanet Marshes

Sep 1957 Prof W Balchin, University of Wales Dr J Pugh, Kings College University to Mr G Hones, Harvey Grammar School, Miss MH Hopkins Capt JG Hardy Miss A Coleman National Parks of USA Mr A Kay Growth of Thanet Towns May 1958 Mr K Girkin Geography in the News

1 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1958 Mr A Gunther, Shell Oil Dr G Wilkins, Royal Observatory Mr D Bevan, Burgh Surveyor, Dover Miss A Coleman Mrs D Berry Mr K Maggs Jun 1959 Miss I Owen

Sep 1959

Jun 1960

Sep 1960 JL Unitt Thanet’s Water Supply Oct 1960 Miss A Coleman The Moon Nov 1960 WR Mead Finland – The Land Fronteer Nov 1960 Mr G Sedgewick, Adult Education Centre, Broadstairs Dec 1960 LR Poole Moscow and Leningrad Jan 1961 BA Briant The Saxon Shoreline Feb 1961 RM Towes The Wealden Gun Making Industry Feb 1961 Dr Briant Churches on the Horizon Mar 1961 RW Placket Cliff Protection Works May 1961 Rev VF Hambling The Arab Lands Jun 1961 Miss D Morris Exchange Visit to Canada

Sep 1961 Miss A Coleman Caves; their Surface Manifestations Oct 1961 Countess Gravina Himalayan Exhibition – Cho Oyu Nov 1961 Miss B Ward, Birkbeck College Floating Fishermen of Hong Kong Dec 1961 Mr D Drew, St Lawrence Alpine Climbing College, Ramsgate Jan 1962 R Linnington, Quex Park The Great Stour Feb 1962 MW Mead, University College Finland – the Frontier Land Mar 1962 ? Dover Harbour Apr 1962 E Briault, LCC Present State of Geography May 1962 T Chandler, University College Hot Air over Westminster – a Study of Town Climates Jun 1962 Speaker from Hunting Aero Aerial Surveying Surveys Ltd

2

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1962 Mrs S Greig Swedish Family Holiday Oct 1962 Mr G Ward University Fiji – Its Population and Problems College Nov 1962 Miss M Denham - Contrasts in Canada Roedean School Dec 1962 Rev V Hambling Some ancient Cities of the Middle East Jan 1963 Mr W Cox, Chatham Walking in Switzerland House Feb 1963 Mr R Parsons, Dane North Borneo, Past, Present and Future Court Mar 1963 Miss A Coleman New British Power Stations Apr 1963 Mr V Schut – Secretary Britain and the Common Market Britain in Europe May 1963 Mr R French University Current Geographical Problems in the College Soviet Union Jun 1963 Dr King Thanet Divisional Morocco Educational Office

Sep 1963 Miss A Coleman Across the Straits Oct 1963 J Wyatt – St Lawrence Impressions of Korea and Hong Kong College Nov 1963 Mrs M Greaves, Moscow Clarendon House Dec 1963 Dr F Coates Egypt – Land of the Pharaohs

Feb 1964 Prof O Buchanan London New Zealand – The National Problem University Mar 1964 T Birch – Divisional Ghana Tour Educational Officer May 1964 Miss E Campbell – Japan – Land and People in the 1960s Birkbeck College Jun 1964 Dr B Wibberley – Wye Reality of World Problems College

Sep 1964 Miss A Coleman Minor Ports of England Oct 1964 Prof Hare – London Unfolding the Labrador Wilderness University Dec 1964 Prof Elkins – University Changing Geography of Eastern Europe of Sussex Jan 1965 Dr Frederick Coates Recent Travels in Arabia Feb 1965 Prof Jones – London Caracas – The Expanding City University Mar 1965 A Kay Thanet – Its Past and Future Apr 1965 Paul Cox Nigeria May 1965 Dr Bird – London The Snowy Mountain Scheme University May 1965 Dr Hall – Birkbeck The Metropolitan Explosion College

3 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1965 P MacFarlin – St American History of Folk Song Lawrence College Oct 1965 Norwegian Embassy Life in Norway Representative Nov 1965 Prof W Balchin – Landscape of Cornwall Swansea University Dec 1965 Prof R Peel – Bristol Physio-photographic Aspects of the University Sahara Jan 1966 Pro A Dollar – London Aspects of the main active Italian University Volcanoes Feb 1966 D Drew – St Lawrence Alpine Climbing College Mar 1966 R Wyllie – Kent River Work of the Kent River Authority Board Apr 1966 J Pugh – London Changing Importance of the British University Shipbuilding Industry May 1966 Dr Davis London National Parks of the USA University Jun 1966 Miss A Coleman The Ottawa Region of Canada

4 Field Trips 1956-1966

Year Location

1956 Upchurch Pottery Kent Farm Institute, Sittingbourne Chatham Dockyard

1956/1957 Sandwich Chislet Colliery Pfizer Antibiotic Factory

1957/1958 Kent Hop Gardens Knowle Park Romney Marsh London at Night Hudson’s Flour Mill Sharp’s Dairy Billingsgate and Covent Garden Sarre Windmill Hythe-Dymchurch-New Romney-Dungeness-Hythe Fleet Street Knowle Park and Bedgbury Penetum

1958/1959 Whitehall Wingham Weald and Cranbrook/ Egg Hatchery at Biddenden Dover BBC Woodnesborough Water Works Wye Agricultural College

1959/1960 No Records

1960/1961 Snowdown Colliery and Canterbury Romney Marsh East Kent Times Tomson and Wooton’s Brewery Betteshanger Colliery

1961/1962 Bowaters Paper Mill, Sittingbourne Fords at Dagenham Wye College

5 Year Location

1962/1963 Dover Harbour Iron Works in the Weald Goodwin Sands Margate GPO Sorting Office East Kent Times Ramsgate Harbour Hudson’s Flour Mill Guernsey Week-end

1963/1964 London Rye and Wichelsea Area Richborough Power Station Research – Pebble Banks at Sandown Stonar Gravel Pit Survey of Chalk Pits in Thanet Village Study - Acol

1964/1965 London by Night

1965/1966 Crawley

6 Holidays 1956-1966

Date Location

1956 3 Days in Bruges

1956/1957 Week-end in Amsterdam Somerset – Wookey Hole, Wookey Paper Mill, Ebor Gorge

1957/1958 Week in Luxembourg 10 Days in Lake District

1958/1959 8 Days in Belgium – Bruges, Meuse Area, Brussels Fair, Antwerp North Wales – Dolgarrog Hydroelectric Power Station

1959/1960 Week in Minehead/Stratford-upon-Avon

1960/1961 Oberammergau Rotterdam

1961/1962 None

1962/1963 None

1963/1964 6 Day Tour of Ireland

1964/1965 Four Week Tour to North America – Canada, New York, Shenandoah and Puerto Rico

1965/1966 Tour to Bruges, Coblenz and Central France

7 Land Use Survey Handbook

Number Category Sub-category

1 Introduction

11 The Nature of the Land Use Survey A Scale of 1:25000 78 Square Miles per Sheet Area Volunteer Surveyors Synoptic Picture Categories to be mapped

111 Land Use Categories to be mapped Residential and Commercial Settlement Industry Transport Derelict Land Open Spaces Grassland Arable Land Market Gardening Orchards Woodland Heathland Water and Marsh

1V Technique of Field Mapping

V Financial Basis of the Survey

V1 Reduction and Deposition of Maps

V11 Land Use Reports

Appendix Practical Identification of Crops Cereals Ley Legumes Root crops Green Fodder Industrial Crops Market Gardening and Orchards

8

9

Panorama 1956-1966

Volume Date Author Title

1 1956 KRA Maggs Research Reports and Notes AM Kay Evolution of the Isle of Thanet H Patterson-Rutherford Railways of East Kent JG Hardy Ramsgate Harbour – Past and Present DG Palmer A Corner of Wales AM Coleman Village Life in Norway DJ Parkinson Local Collection in Broadstairs Library Constitution of the Association First Annual Report Balance Sheet

2 1957 A new Export Industry – Cattle on the Richborough Marshes William Cobbett Thanet 1823 Clare Lukehurst Thanet 1956 Alice Coleman What is Flint – New Light on an old Problem Sun and Snow – The Folly of living on the East Side of a Continent Leslie Unitt Water Supply in East Kent JB Reed Early Broadstairs DN Maggs Excursion to Upchurch Pottery Sandwich Urban Survey Bruges and Sandwich B White “Mrs Lace” N Seabrook A Jeographers Belgian Jingles SH Winter Venice – The Golden Legend JL Cuckney An Excursion to Chislet Colliery H Patterson-Rutherford East Kent Electrification Scheme Ann Cheek An Excursion to Pfizer’s Antibiotic Factory Farming Facts and Figures JJ Marek Thanet’s Weather 1956 MW Woodward Thanet Well Survey Daphne Parkinson Book Reviews Annual Report

10

Volume Date Author Title

3 1958 Sylvia Hothouse Observations on a Visit to the Union of South Africa JM Evans "O cidade qui mais cresce no mundo" Alice Coleman Knob Lake, Ironfield Mushroom M Williams A Swedish Christmas Irene Owen Aspects of the Geography of Hawkes Bay, New Zealand JG Hardy Some Burmese Customs Spring Survey of the Isle of Thanet Local Climate of the Acol Valley Meteorological Variations in the Isle of Thanet AJ Kay Focus on Sarre P Brown Storm CJ Hudson Memories of Denmark, Sandstrait and Iceland Miss GR Scard Easter 1957, Amsterdam Miss MW Woodward National Costumes of the Netherlands Miss CT Lukehurst Iron and Steel Industry of the Netherlands JE Cook Caves of the Mendips JL Cuckney Land Utilisation Survey of Draycott Miss WM Woodward Secretary’s Third Annual Report Miss CT Lukehurst Tour Secretary’s Report MH Hopkins. BSc Excursion Secretary’s Report

4 1959 WGV Balchin Dilemma at Dungeness Richborough Power Station The Cross Channel Cable The Gas Grid KRA Maggs East Kent Electrification Programme Leslie Unitt Thanet Water Board Harbour Intelligence G Lloyd The Kent Coalfield 1959 Manston Civil Airport Richard Haslewood Place Names in East Kent Pfizer Antibiotics Alice Coleman The Case for a Thanet University University Progress Report Land Utilisation Survey 1958 Union Mill, Cranbrook Alice Coleman Unemployment in Thanet J Betts, J Cuckney, Dolgarrog Hydro-Electric Power Station J Marek, J Payne J Spratling, M Dolgarrog Aluminium Works Sharman, P Peters I Pearson Penryn Slate Quarry Annual Report

11 Volume Date Author Title

5 1960 The Birth of the New Survey

Alice Coleman Agricultural Land Use in East Kent WL Barnard Fakenham Marjorie Woodward Hops KRA Maggs Vanishing Hops Article by Tomson & Hops in Brewing Wooton R Lynington Impressions of Thanet’s Agriculture Ganwick’s Glass Use of Seaweed in Thanet’s Agriculture East Kent Packers S Walter Thanet’s Weather Alice Coleman Climate of East Kent Statistics for East Kent JG Hardy Ramsgate Harbour – Present and Future Port Statistics – Dover, Folkestone, Ramsgate JC Woodward Dredging of Ramsgate Harbour JM Evans Volkswagen Imports R Coak A Flight over Innsbruck EC Mekie Manston Airport Manston to Ostend Flight to North America Nuclear Power Stations of Europe BJ White Saltzbergwerk, Hallein, Durrenberg Clare Lukehurst Industrialisation of the Netherlands VA Hailes A Tunnel for the Brenner Lily Hudson Breughelfeesten A Tale from the Vienna Basin Woods JM Evans Brasilia S Donaldson Minehead Field Study G Page Crofting in Lewis P Dunford & A Oberammergau Coleman E & G Pigg John Wood & Sons, Minehead Thanet University – Sponsoring Committee Report I Owen Annual Report Geography in the Libraries

12 Volume Date Author Title

6 1961 Gwen Page Reconstruction in Thanet K Jacobson Frederilssund Current Expansion of Ashford Will Power Expansion bring Pollution? Population Statistics Placket & Mun Coast Erosion and Defences Port Statistics MH Hopkins New Zealand Newsletter GR Scard Malta Malta – Background for Development MF Jones British Independent Airliners Travel Plans The Pure Air of Thanet Land Use Progress Report – The Lizard Map Extract – Princess Risborough The Isle of Portland Taunton; Maidstone; Leicester Agriculture in Thanet AG Tapp Marsh Farming in Thanet J Banks Bristol Storm Water Tunnel A Coleman The Dartford Tunnel Kent Coalfield Statistics M Woodward Mountfield Gypsum Mines C Lukehurst Development of Oil Resources in Western Europe Rotterdam Field Excursion K Cottell Unilever and one of its Products C Pain Heetman’s Diamond Centre – Rotterdam S Donaldson The Dutch Delta Plan MG Scard Euromast P Dallison A Tour of South Holland Gillian Payne Amsterdam PJ Mitchel Music in Thanet JM Evans Annual Report Geographical Association

13

Volume Date Author Title

7 1962 Alice Coleman Decline of Fixed Crop Rotation Systems in Britain Various Authors Land Use Survey – 43 Reports on Areas within England

8 1963 AD Cliff Cross Channel Transport CJ Denham The Hovercraft Alice Coleman & A Temporary Solution to the Channel Clare Lukehurst Dilemma Margaret Cole Port of Newhaven A Coleman The New British Motorways JM Evans Kent’s Roads IP Joliffe Coastal Research at Deal ? The World’s Underground Railways MC Hawkins Development of Richborough Marshland for Light Industry ? Charles Dickens and Broadstairs Various 9 Land Use Surveys MW Woodward Guernsey Field Report

9 1964 Miss A Coleman Britain’s Coal fired Power Stations JAA Jones Nuclear Power Stations in Britain Kent Coalfield Statistics JM Thomas Trawsfynydd Nuclear Power Station Clare Lukehurst Major Oil Fields of Western Europe A Coleman & CFA Pegwell Cave Survey Mizon RJ Stapleton Expansion at Pfizer Harbour Statistics HJ Loveley A County Borough of Thanet considered GR Page Winter 1962/1963 GH Hones Land Use Survey – Romney Marsh and Dungeness JP Joliffe Movements of Beach Shingle at Deal AP Twigger Secretary’s Report

14

Volume Date Author Title

10 1964 Descriptions of the first 24 published Land Use Maps

11 1965 CANADA The St Lawrence Seaway FK Hare Labrador Peninsula Montreal M Bagnall & R Jarrett The International Rapids The Montreal Plain and the Green Mountains FYM Borbone The Winsor Pulp and Paper Mills The Frontenac Spur and its Margins The Canadian Megalopolis Lloyd Reeds Hamilton and the Niagara Peninsula AF Burghardt The Origin and Growth of Hamilton The Niagara Frontier Region

USA The Industries and Commerce of New York The Automobile Age in America Washington DC National Parks of the United States Shenandoah National Park The Caves of the Great Valley of Virginia AM Lambert “Stonewall” Jackson’s Marches

Puerto Rico NA Baynes Hurricane Clio Karst Landforms of Puerto Rico L Grace Dibble Some Observations on the Vegetation of Puerto Rico Operation Bootstrap CFA Mizon Manati Pineapple Cannery

Unsigned Titles prepared by Miss A Coleman and Prof WGV Balchin A Further 34 Land Use Maps Completed

15 Lectures 1966-1976

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1966 Dr R Paul, Canterbury Approach to Social Geography of the University Outer Metropolitan Region Oct 1966 Mr R Cooke, University College Desert Landforms in Atacama and Mojave Oct 1066 M Woodward & A Berrington Accounts of the IOTGA Tours to IOTGA Bruges and Central France Nov 1966 Dr R Estell, London School of Problems of Industrial Change in Economics New England Dec 1966 Prof R Cole, London University Australia – Geographical Agenda for a Land of Contrasts Jan 1967 A Coleman, President/London Geography of Crime University Feb 1967 A Berrington, Broadstairs & St Urban Highways – The Problems Peters UDC Mar 1967 E Rawstron, London University Opportunity and Influence in the United Kingdom May 1967 Dr J Piper, London University Bolivia – Some Problems of a South American Hinterland Jun 1967 Mr A Fox, British Petroleum Geology of the Middle East Province

Sep 1967 A Coleman, President/London Israel University Oct 1967 Mr King – British Atlantic NATO to the Common Market Committee Nov 1967 Mrs Greig – Bath College Changing Landscape of New England Dec 1967 W Seymour – Ordinance Survey Ordinance Survey Maps and Plans Jan 1968 AM Kay Impressions of Soviet Russia Feb 1968 R Linnington Guatamala and Florida Mar 1968 RJ Wyllie – Kent River Board Water Resources – Where we are now. Apr 1968 D Brunston – London University Landslides May 1968 Miss I Young, Canterbury Study of Agriculture in the teaching University of Geography Jun 1968 Miss Goflan On Safari in East Africa

16 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1968 J Jones, Petroleum Information Background to Oil Bureau Oct 1968 P Martin, Australian Education Australia – East Coast and Pacific Service Nov 1968 D Brunswick, London University Landslides Dec 1968 B Winter, Canterbury University Woodland Geography Jan 1969 Miss C Mizon South African Contrasts Feb 1969 Miss N Seabrook A few Cities in Italy Mar 1969 Prof Mead, University College Geography of Winter – with examples drawn from Finland May 1969 W Mason An Australian Year Jun 1969 Miss A Coleman, London Ice University

Sep 1969 Miss A Coleman, London The Challenge of Land-Use Analysis University Oct 1969 D Lewis, Bowater Paper Some Aspects of Paper Making Corporation Nov 1969 R Linnington, Quex Park The Antarctic Dec 1969 B Rust, Sittingbourne College of Some Aspects of the Auvergne Education Jan 1970 L Hillman The Philippines Feb 1970 Miss D Morris Australia’s Island State Mar 1970 D Cliffe Biafra Apr 1970 Mr J Whyman, University of Smuggling in Kent Kent May 1970 Speaker from BOAC Highways of the Air Jun 1970 G Girkin Agriculture in Thanet

Sep 1970 C Tyson, Dungeness ‘A’ The Siting of Nuclear Power Stations Oct 1970 Miss A Coleman, London Trans-Canada University Nov 1970 Miss L Dibble Across North India to Nepal Dec 1970 B Kennett, Sir Roger Three Weeks in the Himalayan Manwood’s Grammar School Foothills Jan 1971 Representative from Japanese Japan Information Centre Feb 1971 Mr J Whyman, University of Development of Thanet Watering Kent Places before 1870 Mar 1971 Speaker from Customs and The Water Guard Services of the Excise Customs and Excise Department May 1971 Prof Elkins, University of Sussex The New European City Jun 1971 Mr P Burnham, Wye College Malaysia

17 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1971 RH Stokes The National Trust Oct 1971 Miss A Coleman, London Geography and Psychology University Nov 1971 A Southam, Sandwich History Growth and Decline of the Wansum Society Channel Dec 1971 Leslie Unitt, Thanet Water Your Water Supply Board Jan 1972 Mrs D Little, Herne Bay British Columbia Feb 1972 PJ Goddard The Isle of Purbeck Mar 1972 FW Smallwood, HM Custom & Cyprus Excise May 1972 Miss A Lambert, London School Use of Windpower in the Netherlands of Economics Jun 1972 Prof Henderson, London Recent Changes in the Agricultural university Geography of England

Sep 1972 Miss A Coleman, London New Light on the Moon University Oct 1972 KC Girkin Impressions of the Appalachians and Megalopolis USA Nov 1972 Dr Griffiths, University of Sussex Recent Developments in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland Dec 1972 Dr L Phillips, British Council People and Places Jan 1973 Miss C Mizen Sri-Lanka Feb 1973 Miss G Dibble Contrasts in the Caribbean Mar 1973 FW Smallwood, Customs & Cyprus Excise, Cyprus Apr 1973 Mr B Winter, Christ Church Iceland College, Canterbury May 1973 J Parton, River Thames Society The River Thames Society – Its Work and Objectives Jun 1973 Mr SM Mitchell Measurement of the Universe

Sep 1973 Miss A Coleman, London The Changing Land of Britain University Oct 1973 Dr R Knight, Scientist Pegwell Bay Nov 1973 J Freeberne, School of Oriental China and African Studies Dec 1973 Miss G Hickman, Bristol Continuity and Change in Africa University Jan 1974 Mrs J Munslow Ramsgate, a harbour of Refuge Feb 1974 RS Holmes Trans Canada Highway – Montreal to Vancouver Mar 1974 Dr Thomson, University of Changing Corsica Southampton May 1974 RE Scott, Dungeness Reserve Bird Work at Dungeness Jun 1974 Mrs R Shaw Peru

18 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1974 Miss A Coleman, London Bracken in Britain University Oct 1974 Dr Brunsden, London University Recreation in the Dartmoor National Park Nov 1974 Miss Hickman, PhD, Bristol Continuity and Change in Africa University Dec 1974 B Neame, East Kent Packers The English Fruit Grower in the Common Market Jan 1975 H Wilkes, Kent Trust for Nature The Channel Tunnel and Kent Conservation Feb 1975 RS Holmes, St Lawrence Conservation in Kenya College, Ramsgate Mar 1975 Miss E Benton Far Eastern Crossroads – Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei May 1975 Prof Balchin, University College, Cornwall re-visited Swansea Jun 1975 Dr Fletcher, Portsmouth Seaweeds of Thanet Polytechnic

Sep 1975 Miss A Coleman, London Habitat – The Vancouver Conference University Oct 1975 Dr Scargill, St Edmunds Hall, Tradition and Change in the French Oxford Midi Nov 1975 REM Smith, Coloma College of The Kiga of Kigesi – A study of Education, West Wickham African Environment Dec 1975 GH Franklin, Ministry of Planning the Developing World Overseas Development Jan 1976 CA Baker, St Lawrence College, Identifying Past Climates Ramsgate Feb 1976 PA Bingham, Thanet District Thanet and the Kent Structure Plan Council Mar 1976 Dr Gilbert, University College Development and Distribution of London Income in Columbia May 1976 Prof Bird, University of Aspects of Centrality Southampton Jun 1976 Dr Lambert, London School of Japan’s Urban Dilemma Economics

19

Field Trips 1966-1976

Year Location

1966/1967 A Day in the Dutch Bulb Fields A Visit to Whipsnade Zoo Pilgrim’s Way

1967/1968 Thaxted and Saffron Walden Rochester

1968/1969 An Excursion to Essex Visit to Timpsons

1969/1970 Missing in Archives

1970/1971 Missing in Archives

1971/1972 Dover Alfriston

1972/1973 Missing in Archives

1973/1974 Epping and Hatfield House

1974/1975 Missing in Archives

1975/1976 Hastings Iron Working Sites of the Weald

20

Holidays 1966-1976

Date Location

Aug 1967 Five Days in Holland Aug 1968 East Africa Aug 1969 Belfast Jul 1971 One Week in Stirling & Perth, Scotland Aug 1972 National Parks of West Canada and USA Aug 1973 Swansea Apr 1974 Malta Jul 1975 Four Day Tour of Calais and District Aug 1976 Week in Harrogate and the Yorkshire Dales

21 Panorama 1966-1976

Volume Date Author Title

12 1967 THE THANET COAST A Coleman Sea Caves A Coleman Rocks A Coleman The Sands A Coleman The Tides Swimming Geology of the Cliffs A Coleman What is Flint RW Placket Defence against the Sea P Stafford Wild Life in the Seashore at Dumpton Gap A Coleman Spartina Grass in Pegwell Bay A Coleman The Goodwin Sands DW Walters Ship Spotting in Thanet

THE HISTORY OF Origin of the Island THANET Clare Lukehurst The Silting of the Wantsum The Romans in East Kent Hengist, Horsa and the Hugin Thanet Churches VG Pargeter Thanet Windmills J Whyman Kent Coast Smuggling in 18th & 19th Centuries C Powell-Cotton Quex Park

THE THANET TOWNS The Growth of the Seaside Resorts J Whyman Broadstairs Harbour Maps of Ramsgate and Broadstairs JB Reed Charles Dickens and Broadstairs Ramsgate Harbour Norman Camp Margate Industry in Thanet Climate of Thanet

FARMING IN THANET The Use of Land in Thanet Rise and Fall of Thanet Hop Gardens RL Hobcraft Cash Cropping in Thanet Michael Smith White Turkeys at Monkton Court Clare Lukehurst Irrigation in Thanet Gwen Page Grass for Seed Production Gwen Page Use of Seaweed in Thanet Agriculture Clare Lukehurst Thanet Agriculture 100 Years Ago

22

TRANSPORT S Levey, C Bunker, K The Hovercraft Kaminskas 140 Years of Sea Trading Manston and Ramsgate Airports Manston in Wartime The Railways Bus Travel London to Thanet by Car

WALKS AND PLACES TO The North Foreland Lighthouse, The VISIT York Gate, Broadstairs The Margate Grotto Ramsgate Model Village The Tudor House The Margate Caves The Kent Coast Castles Canterbury A Powell-Cotton Quex Park Museum

RECREATION AND HOBBIES DCH Worsfold Bird Life in Thanet Sports Facilities Thanet Hockey Festivals Cultural Organisations

Volume Date Author Title

13 1971 Marjorie Woodward 15 Years of the IOTGA JM Evans The Kentish Stour E Emms Sandwich to Dover on Roman Roads Miss A Coleman Dover – Port and Town Edith Benten East African Journey 1968 Grace Dibble MWEA Tebere Irrigation Scheme S Donaldson Stirling 1971 Grace Dibble The Forgotten Islands of the Indian Ocean Mrs M Armitstead A Visit to Ghardaia Mrs W Spratling Malta

23 Lectures 1976-1986

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1976 S Donaldson Our Changing Skyline Oct 1976 Miss A Coleman, London Defensible Space University Nov 1976 Prof Bird, Southampton Making of the Human Landscape of University South California Dec 1976 H Wilks, Kent Trust for Work of the Kent Trust for Nature Nature Conservation Conservation Jan 1977 Miss LG Dibble Sri Lanka Feb 1977 J Whyman, University of Personal Impressions of New Zealand Kent at Canterbury and the Orient Mar 1977 D Burtenshaw, Contrasts within the Rhine-Ruhr Growth Portsmouth Polytechnic Region May 1977 H Bragg Kent Arctic Norway Expedition, 1972 May 1977 B Phillip, Kent The Roman Forts at Reculver and Archaeological Reserve Dover

Sep 1977 Miss C Lukehurst, Wantsum Channel; some Changes in Brighton Polytechnic the use of Space Oct 1977 Miss A Coleman, London Making the most of our Forests University Nov 1977 B Winter, Christchurch European Glaziers and Glaciations College, Canterbury Dec 1977 Prof Balchin, University Some Impressions of Moscow College, Swansea Jan 1978 Mrs C Goddard South India Feb 1978 L Gage, Urban Studies Work of Urban Studies Centre Centre Canterbury Apr 1978 J Duffield The Wye and Crundale Downs National Nature Reserve Jun 1978 JM Hall, Queen Mary Processional London, 1897, 1935 and College, London 1977 University

24 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1978 Miss A Coleman, London Land Use Strategy University Oct 1978 J Duffield The Wye and Crundale Downs National Nature Reserve Nov 1978 D Cookson, Chatham House Western Australia Grammar School Dec 1978 Miss J Brooker Columbia Jan 1979 Dr Burnham, Wye College, From Dilkmun to Bahrain University of London Feb 1979 Speaker fro, Archaeology Archaeology in the Isle of Thanet Unit Thanet Mar 1979 Prof Mead, University The Romantic Image of Scandinavia College London May 1979 P Thomas, Christchurch Rural Landscape of Mediterranean College Canterbury France

Sep 1979 Jan Thorpe, Open University The Riddled Shore Oct 1979 Miss A Coleman, London Biting the Land that feeds Us University Nov 1979 Dr C Lukehurst, Brighton Caring for the Countryside Polytechnic Dec 1979 Dr Goodenough, Environmental Change in California – Christchurch College Chaos or Control Canterbury Jan 1980 Dr R Knight A Window on to Sand and Mud Feb 1980 R Leather, St Lawrence Mexico – Aztecs and the Mayas College, Ramsgate Mar 1980 P Awberry, Head Forester in The Forests of Kent Challock Forest May 1980 Dr Green, Wye College Biogeography and induced Species

Sep 1980 Miss Zcrowhurst, Medway China – A 1977 Study Tour Geographical Society Oct 1980 Miss A Coleman, London Mineral Extraction – Living on Capital University not Interest Nov 1980 Miss L Dibble Contrasts in Yugoslavia Dec 1980 JS Campbell, Ordinance Mapping Services of the Ordinance Survey Survey Jan 1981 D Howe, Sandwich Bay Bird Bird Migration at Sandwich Bay Observatory Feb 1981 A Kay, Hartsdown Secondary Floating Classrooms School Mar 1981 Miss L Jones, Christchurch Youth Miscellany College Canterbury May 1981 Dr C Lukehurst, Countryside Life and Work in Rural Kent Research Unit Jun 1981 Prof Balchin, Swansea The Regional Novel in Britain University

25 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1981 Prof Hodder, London Singapore – The City State University Oct 1981 Miss A Coleman, London New Light on the Solar System University Nov 1981 S Thomas, Divisional Stour Valley Countryside Plan Planning KCC Jan 1982 J Maylem, Ham Street Nature Conservation Woods Nature Reserve Feb 1982 Talks by Pupils from local Youth Miscellany Schools Mar 1982 D Carter, Portsmouth Geographical Information from Space Polytechnic Apr 1982 Dr Braddock, School of Development in India – Urban Oriental and African Studies Dynamism and Rural Stagnation May 1982 Dr Anderson, Wye College Areas of Outstanding Beauty : What, Where and Why

Sep 1982 J White, Author of “SE How the Weald was won Downs and Weald” Oct 1982 Miss A Coleman, London Nine Days in Japan University Nov 1982 Mr B Rust Turn left for Galloway Jan 1983 Ms Bickerstaff, St Georges Sejour en Normandie School Feb 1983 P Awberry, Head Forester, Wildlife associated with British Challock Forest Woodland Mar 1983 Dr C Lukehurst, Brighton Britain’s Fens and Marshes Polytechnic May 1983 R Vine, Dept Public Health The Thames Barrier GLC Jun 1983 Mr C Fox Living in Retirement in Malta

Sep 1983 Ron Lobeck, TVS Weather Forecasts – Fact of Fiction Weatherman Oct 1983 Miss A Coleman, London Changing Geographical Values in a University Changing World Nov 1983 J Elwin, Oxford Polytechnic Cromarty Firth – The Role of North Sea Oil in its Quest for Independence Jan 1984 Marion Rea Life on a Sugar Plantation and Safari in Tanzania Feb 1984 B Winter, Christchurch Sutherland – The last British College, Canterbury Wilderness Mar 1984 Penny Evans, Kent Trust for Conservation in Kent Nature Conservation Apr 1984 Grace Dibble, Authoress Ancient and Modern Sri Lanka Jun 1984 D Jones, London School of Earthquakes and Man Economics

26 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1984 JW Noble Water Supply in Thanet Oct 84 Alice Coleman The Falkland Islands Nov 84 Alan Stillitoe Travel. Maps and a Writer’s Life Jan 85 CG Theobald Scandinavia Feb 85 Colin Baker, St Lawrence Report on Field Work Projects in College Thanet Mar 85 Prof Brundsden, King’s RGA 15oth Anniversary Expedition to College, London Karakorum Mountains Apr 85 Dr Audrey Lambert, The Dutch: Engineers of their own Lecturer, London School of Disasters Economics Jun 85 Dr F Beavington, Problems with Agricultural Roehampton Development in the Third World, especially in Nigeria

Sep 1985 Clifford Bayley A Painter’s View of the Environment Oct 1985 Dr David Hilling The Changing Geography of London Docklands Dec 1985 CG Theobald Scandinavia Jan 1986 Brian Harding The South-East Coast from the Air Feb 1986 RA Randell Once round the World – Impressions of a first class Globetrotter Mar 1986 Dr B Baker Unquiet Geography : Hong Kong Apr 1986 Dr H Clout Rural Changes in Contemporary France Jun 1986 Eric Harding, Christchurch Our Great Cities : Growth and Decline College, Canterbury

27 Field Trips 1976-1986

Date Location

May 1976 Iron Working Sites of the Weald 1977 Brighton May 1977 Glyndebourne May 1977 Ramsgate Town Walk Sep 1977 Cambridge Oct 1977 Canterbury and the Wye Downs May 1978 Kew Gardens and Hampton Court Oct 1978 Walk from Pegwell Bay to Royal Esplanade, Ramsgate Apr 1979 Greenwich Park and Thamesmead May 1979 The Barbican Jun 1979 Dover Straits Operation Centre, St Margaret’s Bay May 1980 Rochester and Aylesford Priory Sep 1980 Town Walk in Margate Oct 1980 Walk in Challock Forest Nov 1980 Minster 80/81 Bewl Valley Reservoir 80/81 Lamberhurst Vineyard Apr 1981 The Swale May 1981 Kent/Sussex Border Oct 1981 Guided Tour of Ramsgate Harbour 81/82 Exploration of Saxon Shore Way near Faversham Spring 1982 Visit to ‘The Swale’ and Faversham Sep 1982 Shore and Cliff Walk at Pegwell Jun 1983 Tenterden Sep 1983 Visit to Sandwich Observatory and Sanctuary Apr 1984 Ham Street Woods and Appledore Tulip Fields Autumn 1983 The Thames Barrier Apr 1985 Rye and Romney Marsh Jul 1985 Cliff Top Walk at Pegwell Bay Sep 1985 Mount Ephraim Oct 1985 London Docks 85/86 Europa Nursery at Ash ? Ardingly County Show Jul 1986 Walk from Courtstairs to Cliffsend

28

Holidays 1976-1986

Date Location

Aug 1977 Five Days in South Downs, Weald May 1980 Week-end in East Anglia 80/81 Five day Excursion to Lindisfarne Summer 1982 Shropshire including Shrewsbury, Telford and Chester May/Jun 1984 Ammerdown Study Centre and Radstock, Bath May 1985 7 Day Holiday to Jersey flying from Manston May 1986 Normandy and Brittany

29 Panorama 1976-1986

Vol Year Author Comments Topic

15 1977 This Volume is an update of Volume 12 but includes the following:

THE THANET COAST RL Fletcher The Seaweeds of Thanet WH Dutton Replaces Ship Spotting in Navigational Aids to Thanet Seafarers around Thanet The Ramsgate Life Boats THE HISTORY OF THANET D Perkins Seeking Thanet’s Early Inhabitants Sister Concordia A Brief History of Minster Scott Abbey The Mother Churches of Thanet David Keep Thanet Windmills John Whyman Thanet Smuggling through the Centuries Quex Park Deleted THE THANET TOWNS John Whyman More Details than Vol. 12 Dickens & Broadstairs deleted Janet Munslow Ramsgate – A Harbour of Refuge Ramsgate Harbour Today Alan Kay A Study of Human Settlement in Margate WH Lapthorne Historic Buildings in Broadstairs Norman Cramp Replaces Regency Regency Ramsgate and Ramsgate Afterwards Felicity Stafford The Buildings of Margate George Smith The Thanet Villages Vol. 12 Updated Industry in Thanet FARMING IN THANET DL Buttivant Changing Land Use in Thanet Clare Lukehurst Changes in the Use of Marshland KC Girkin Farming in Thanet Today TRANSPORT Manston Airfield PLACES TO VISIT WM Spratling The Flora of Pegwell Bay

30 Vol Year Subject/Edited by Topic

16 1983 GEOGRAPHY/ Sea Caves By Fred Fielder The Rocks The Sands The Tides Geology of Thanet Cliffs What is Flint? Coastal Protection Seaweeds of Thanet Spartina Grass in Pegwell Bay The Flora of Pegwell Bay Thanet Bird Migration Navigational Aids to Seafarers

HISTORICAL The Origin of the Island GEOGRAPHY By Jenny Martin The Silting of the Wantsum Channel History beneath Turf and Water A Brief History of Minster Abbey Thanet Windmills Thanet Smuggling through the Ages Ramsgate – A Harbour of Refuge Man has lived here a Long Time Manston in Wartime

AGRICULTURAL The Climate of Thanet DEVELOPMENT By Clare Lukehurst The Use of Land Changes in the Use of Marshland Farming in Thanet Today

URBAN DEVELOPMENT By Marjorie Woodward The Thanet Villages Ramsgate – Site and Situation Ramsgate Harbour Today Tourism in Thanet 1945-q980; A General Perspective Industry in Thanet Changes in Broadstairs High Street The Thanet (Urban) Plan

TRANSPORT AND Rail Travel THANET TODAY By Connie Measor Thanet Bus and Coach Travel Cross-Channel Travel Manston Airfield Places to Visit

31 Lectures 1986-1996

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1986 Stuart Attwood Tourism and Thomas Cooke Oct 1986 Miss A Coleman, London Further Aspects of Japan University Nov 1986 Stuart Attwood At Holycross RC School Dec 1986 Everest Walk-in Jan 1987 Bird Migration Feb 1987 The Changing Railway Geography of Kent Mar 1987 Howard Price, National Effect of the enlarged EEC on Kent Union of Farmers Farmers – one year on Apr 1987 Dr D Hilling, Royal All Change at American Ports Holloway & Bedford New College Jun 1987 JFH Davies Rivers of Kent – Kentish Stour

Sep 1987 John Foot Piloting in the Thames Estuary and Distant Waters Oct 1987 Miss A Coleman, London China and Hong Kong 1986 University Nov 1987 Nigel Winser Expeditions of the Royal Geographical Society Dec 1987 Dr French, University Soviet Cities College Feb 1988 Martin Jackson, NUF Farming in Thanet Apr 1988 Dr CJ Hodson, Wye Animal Migration College May 1988 Dr Margaret Anderson, The Channel Tunnel Wye College Jun 1988 Miss C Lukehurst, Farms and Woodlands Brighton Polytechnic

32 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1988 Dr J Salt, UCL The Geography of Wine Oct 1988 Mr C Baker, St Lawrence Land Use Conflict in Pegwell Bay College Nov 1988 Prof A Coleman Housing Research into Housing Action Dec 1988 Lt Col Jon Flemming Army mountaineering Expeditions to the Arctic Jan 1989 Mr R Randell The Road to Samarkand Feb 1989 Dr C Hodson, Wye College Animal Migration Apr 1989 JC Buttress, Superintendent Central Royal Parks May 1989 Martin Jackson “Tall Ships – Sailing Training” Jun 1989 John Foot Far Away Places

Sep 1989 Dr Clare Lukehurst Our Woodland Today and Tomorrow Oct 1989 Ivan Green Dover in Focus Nov 1989 Prof Alice Coleman Planning and the Housing Shortage Dec 1989 Mr A Thomson North Yorkshire Moors Feb 1990 Prof Munton Agriculture and Conservation Apr 1990 Miss Joan Lowden The Mountains of North Pakistan May 1990 Dr Goodenough, Christchurch California – Paradise Lost College Jun 1990 Dr Charlton, Christchurch Environment and Politics in Jordan College

Sep 1990 Prof Ellen, University of Kent Anthrapology of the Spice Trade – A View from the East Oct 1990 Dr Hilling, University of British Small Ports Revival London Nov 1990 Dr French, University College, Keeping up with the Yeltsins in the London USSR Jan 1991 Misses Woodward and New Zealand Wilkinson Feb 1991 R Turner, Principal, Hadlow Hadlow College of Agriculture and College Horticulture Mar 1991 Mrs M Randall The Californian ‘Quake of 1989 Apr 1991 Dr Anderson, Wye College, An Update on the Channel Tunnel UCL Jun 1991 Prof A Coleman The Falklands Sep 1991 Katja Norgaard, Royal Aspects of Norway Norwegian Embassy Oct 1991 Dr Alan Kay Fallacies of teaching Geography Nov 1991 RHG Perry Fieldwork on Isle of Mull Dec 1991 Michael Hellyer, Canadian Baffin Island – They don’t live in High Commission Snowhouses anymore Jan 1992 Dr C Young, Christchurch Coast of Kent – Is it safe to live there? College Mar 1992 Prof Alice Coleman Geography of Education Apr 1992 Martin Diaz Karakorum 91 Exhibition Jun 1992 Miss Sekiguchi, Embassy of Aspects of Japan Japan

33

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1992 Herr Lutz Herman The German Economy World Wise Quiz

Sep 1993 J McAllister, Senior Warden, East Kent Nature Reserve Kent Trust Oct 1993 Jacob Blenthien, Royal Denmark Today Danish Embassy Nov 1993 P Thomas, Christchurch Belgium in Europe College Canterbury Dec 1993 DB Barber Windmills – Home and Abroad Jan 1994 Bert Ollerton Taking Stock Feb 1994 John Morris-Wilson Finland Mar 1994 Carole Goddard Egypt – Past and Present Apr 1994 Jim Andrew, Water Manager, The Work of Southern Water Eastern Region Jun 1994 Dr Anderson, Wye College, Japan London

Sep 1994 Mrs Marion Collins Journey of a Lifetime Oct 1994 Victor Voss Experiences in Matabeland – Zimbabwe Nov 1994 Dr Clare Lukehurst Where’s there’s muck there’s Money Dec 1994 Prof Alice Coleman Czechoslovakia Deferred Jan 1995 WS Breaden Travels with a Donkey – RLS Feb 1995 Miss M Woodward Holiday in India and Nepal Mar 1995 John Morris-Wilson New Zealand – Its Country and its People Apr 1995 Phillip Merrick The Countryside and its Management May 1995 Ann Taket, University College The Changing Face of Medical London Geography Jun 1995 Dr Lopez, University College, Composting – Harnessing Micro London Recycling Power

34 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1995 Dr G Meaden, Kent Geography of Fish Farming University Oct 1995 Roger Sinister, Sally Ferries Port Ramsgate, Present and Future Nov 1995 Dr Grant, Kent University Geography of the British Geriatrics Dec 1995 Prof Alice Coleman Patterns on a Map Jan 1996 Brenda Sotos Turkey Feb 1996 Clive Gilbert, Manager of Armchair Tour of Kent Environmental Programme Mar 1996 Richard Randell What is Medical Geography Apr 1996 Prof Ann Tacket, South Bank Down Mexico Way University May 1996 Ron Harris Malaya and Sumatra Jun 1996 Bill Pitt Travels in France

35 Field Trips 1986-1996

Date Location

Jul 1986 Walk from Courtstairs to Cliffsend Sep 1986 Evening Walk in Deal Nov 1986 Chatham Dockyards Mar 1987 Romney Marsh Jun 1987 Stour Walk/Boat Trip/Nature Reserve Day Trip Jul 1987 Evening Cliff Top Walk, Cliffsend Oct 1987 London Dockyards and Commonwealth Institute Jun 1988 Farm Visit & Bewel Lake Jul 1988 Clifftop Walk Sep 1988 Kent Rural Life Exhibition, Maidstone Oct 88 London Apr 1989 Channel Tunnel Sep 1989 Bewel Bridge and Scotney Jun 1990 Kew Gardens Jul 1990 Hythe Mar 1991 Hadlow College of Agriculture and Horticulture Sep 1991 Brogdale Fruit Farm Autumn 1992 Brogdale Orchards and Hadlow College 1992-1993 Docklands 1992-1993 Penshurst Place and Gardens 1993-1994 Groomsbridge Place Gardens 1993-1994 Hadlow Research Station 1993-1994 Bradbourne House 1993-1994 Hatton Gardens Research Station Jul 1994 Boughton Monchalsea Jul 1994 Eden Herb Garden 1995 Phillip Merrick’s Farm, Staplehurst May 1995 Shorne Country Park Oct 1995 Ightham Village and Darwin Museum Apr 1996 Lenham Village and Belmont May 1996 Cobham Hall and Hastings May 1996 Day Trip to Sheppey & Minster Abbey and Gatehouse Museum

36 Holidays 1986-1996

Date Location

May 1987 5 Day Tour to Holland May 1988 5 Days in Derbyshire Jul 1989 A Week in the Midlands May/Jun 1990 Scotland May 1991 Glasgow May 1992 Brittany May 1993 North Wales May 1994 Belgium May 1995 Cornwall May 1996 Normandy

37 Lectures 1996-2006

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1996 Dr K Lown Antartica Oct 1996 Mrs A Mount Ostend to Appledore Nov 1996 Mrs Jose Gibbs Columbia Jan 1997 Dr GJ Meaden Water Issues in Kent Feb 1997 Mrs Carole North West India Goddard Apr 1997 Mr P Simmons – Barbados – Past and Present High Commissioner of Barbados May 1997 Mrs A Katcharyn Armenia Jun 1997 Mr Karl Troop Arkansas

Sep 1997 Peter Taylor Port Ramsgate Oct 1997 Cyril Whitehead USA Nov 1997 Peter Bingham China Nov 1997 Prof Coleman South Africa Jan 1998 Ken Fairburn Journeys East Feb 1998 Mr & Mrs Goddard USA Mar 1998 Mr P Billings Dairy Farming in Saudi Arabia Apr 1998 Ken Social Evening as Dr Lukehurst was Fairbourn/Janet unwell Ingram May 1998 Mr Meaden Jun 1998 Mr Girkin Australia

Sep 1998 Prof May India Oct 1998 Prof Ogden London Docks Nov 1998 Keith Pickett Egypt Nov 1998 Dr C Lukehurst Renewable Energy for Sustainability – Memorial Lecture for Miss Toni Powell- Cotton Dec 1998 Pro Coleman Galapagos Islands Jan 1999 MJ Tullet Norway Feb 1999 Mrs Janet Ingtam Provence Mar 1999 Mrs Gisela Martin Cuba Apr 1999 Mr R Randall Vancouver and the Rockies May 1999 Ms Judith Project 21 McCorman Jun 1999 Dr David Green Unique Things about London

38 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 1999 Dr Clare Lukehurst Update on Muck Oct 1999 Dr R Wiltshire Geography of Japan Nov 1999 Prof B May China Nov 1999 Powell-Cotton At Ursuline College, Canterbury Road, Memorial Lecture Westgate – Prof Ray Hall Jan 2000 Miss M Woodward 40+ Years of IOTGA Feb 2000 Mrs Sheila Salter Antarctica Mar 2000 Fred Fielder Teaching of Geography to Pupils with learning Difficulties (Dyslexia) Apr 2000 Ian Dale Hong Kong May 2000 Dr Sarah Curtis The Geography of Health Jun 2000 Mr John Cary Greece

Sep 2000 Miss D Tutt Exploring East Surrey Oct 2000 Don Wilks Ecuador – from Amazon to Andes Oct 2000 Dr Heather Wiles – Coastal Processes and Problems Powell-Cotton Lecture at Dane Court School Nov 2000 Richard Randall Illustrated Tour of Northern Italy Jan 2001 Sarah Ingram Dust and Dunes in the Canaries Feb 2001 Carol Goddard Marrakesh and beyond the High Atlas Mar 2001 Dr Keith Hoggart British Home Owners in Rural France Apr 2001 Dr Laurie Wright Ancient Woodlands in East Hertfordshire May 2001 Mrs McCarthy Iran – A Visit by Invitation Jun 2001 Mrs Janet Ingram Stockholm – Beauty on Water

Sep 2001 Victor Voss Norway – Norquest 1987 Oct 2001 Terry Humphries Antarctica Nov 2001 Ron Stillwell Thanet Countryside Trust Jan 2002 Geoffrey Philpott Sustainability in Thanet Agriculture Feb 2002 Mrs Ellen Randall Potted Pegwell Mar 2002 Peter Roger The Order of St Vincent and Wine Apr 2002 Ivy Clarke Venezuela May 2002 Dr Peter Thomas Inside Europe’s Hot Banana Jun 2002 Dr Derek Spooner Image Problems and Urban Regeneration in British Towns and Cities

39

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 2002 Mr Don Wilks Temples Oct 2002 Mr Jack Tullet Arctic Adventure Nov 2002 Dr Tony Binns Achieving Sustainable Development Lessons in Africa Jan 2003 Fred Fielder The Sky’s the Limit Feb 2003 Peter Roger Switzerland Mar 2003 Mrs Hilda Briscoe Peru Apr 2003 Mr Richard Cyprus Randall May 2003 Dr Ann Varley Housing the urban Poor in Latin America Jun 2003 Dr GJ Meadon Nature Conservation in East Kent

Sep 2003 Mr Don Worsfold Florida Oct 2003 Mr Don Wilks Karibu Tanzania Nov 2003 Dr Tony Binns, Achieving Sustainable Development University of Lessons in Africa Sussex Jan 2004 Mr Richard Malta Randall Feb 2004 Jack Tullett Glimpses of Iceland and Streymoy Mar 2004 Mrs Ivy Clarke A Tale of Nine Dragons Apr 2004 Mrs Carole Highlights of China Goddard May 2004 Dr Richard Dennis, Geography of Housing in Victorian and UCL Edwardian London Jun 2004 Mr Vic Sherratt The Art of the Wildlife Photographer

Sep 2004 Mr P Fathers Life around Medical Hospitals in Zimbabwe Oct 2004 Mrs Brenda Sotos Iran Nov 2004 Dr P Vujakovic Maps and the News Media Jan 2005 Mrs Ivy Clarke Vietnam and Cambodia Feb 2005 Mr Peter Manning Saudi Arabia Mar 2005 Mr Barry Wootton Tour of Broadstairs and St Peters Apr 2005 Dr Fiona Geography of Tourism in London and Henderson Berlin since 1945 – Bombsites to Building Sites May 2005 Mrs Jan Ingham Monet’s Countryside Jun 2005 Prof W Chambers Rivers and Drainage Basins

40

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 2005 John Graham Contraband Corner Oct 2005 Dr R Imrey Geography of Disability Nov 2005 Mr Tony Child The Thanet Coast Jan 2006 Fred Fielder Illustrated Walk along the Wantsum Channel Feb 2006 Brenda Sotos Land of the Yeti Mar 2006 Dr Clare Lukehurst Waste not – Want not Apr 2006 Dr J Ellison Modern European History May 2006 Mr Paul Hale Wildlife in Southern Japan Jun 2006 Mrs Ivy Clarke Sri Lanka

41 Field Trips 1996-2006

Date Location

1997 Debbie’s Vineyard and Boxhill, then Linton Farm Oct 1997 Exhibitions at Barbican and Tower Bridge Mar 1998 Royal Geographical Society Jordanian Exhibition Mar 1998 Guided Walk in Old Kensington and Kensington Palace Apr 1998 Samphire Hoe Country Park and Walmer Castle Jun 1998 Organic Gardens at Yalding Dec 1999 Day Excursion to Germany for Christmas Shopping May 2000 Shepherd Neame Brewery (Faversham) 2000 Beechcroft Gardens (Challock) Oct 2000 Eltham Palace, London Jun 2001 Dungeness Power Station

Holidays 1996-2006

Date Location

May 1997 Scotland and the Borders May 1998 Hereford May 1999 Ireland May 2000 Harrogate, Yorkshire Dales and York May 2001 Gower Peninsula and Pembrokeshire May 2002 Annecy and the French Alps May 2004 Barcelona, Spain Sep 2005 Northumbria – Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh and Holy Isle Apr 2006 Holland Bulb Lands, Keukenhof Gardens, Amsterdam

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Lectures 2006-2016

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 2006 Sister Alice Peru Montgomery Nov 2006 Mr Victor Voss Further Developments in Zimbabwee Nov 2006 Mr Don Wilks Costa Rica – Humming Birds and Things Jan 2007 Mr Don Worsfold North Foreland Road Verge Reserve Feb 2007 Mr Paul Hale Nepal Mar 2007 Mr Nick Roberts Climate Change Apr 2007 Eileen Randall Wildlife in Pegwell May 2007 Mr John Graham Moonlighting Inns Jun 2007 Mrs Anne Cattoor On the Trail

Sep 2007 Dr Ellison The Changing Face of Europe in the 20th Century Oct 2007 Sister Beatice Limpopo Province Nov 2007 Mrs Harding and Canada Mrs Clarke Jan 2008 Mr Don Wilks Cyprus Feb 2008 Dr Clare Lukehurst Greenhouse Gases – What are we doing Mar 2008 Dr G Meadon Water Problems in East Kent Apr 2008 Mr Paul Hale Sea Life, Fishing and Pollution May 2008 Mr Peter Bingham China, Argentina and Brazil

Sep 2008 Mr D Lloyd Passports, Assassins, Traitors and Spies Oct 2008 Mr Tom Hart-Dyke World Garden Nov 2008 Miss F Stafford Victorian Holiday Making Jan 2009 Mr B Witherington New Zealand Feb 2009 Dr B Summerfield Birding at the Top End – Kakadu Mar 2009 M P Verral – Quantity or Quality Thanet District Council Apr 2009 Bank Holiday May 2009 Dr A Bruce Climate Change and the Future Thanet Jun 2009 Mrs B Sotos Vietnam

43 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 2009 Mrs Scrivens Luxor, Egypt to Aswan, Sudan Oct 2009 Dr G Meadon Water Problems in East Kent Nov 2009 Don Wilks Ethiopia, Rift Valley and Southern Highlands Jan 2010 Cancelled Feb 2010 Vic Sharratt The Art of Wildlife Photography Mar 2010 Ley Liberson Turkey, Trinidad and Israel – arriving by Sea Apr 2010 Mr B Witherington New Zealand May 2010 Janet Harding Arctic Wildlife Jun 2010 Fred Fielder The Sky’s the Limit – Where Geography and Art meet

Sep 2010 Peter Goddard The Jurassic Coast Oct 2010 Dr FWG Andrews The Story of Sandwich Nov 2010 Paul Eastwood Global Challenge Jan 2011 Dr B Summerfield Andes and the Galapagos Feb 2011 Don Wilks East and West Cape Mar 2011 Heather Willis Spotlight on Kent Apr 2011 Judy Whittaker Thanet Earth May 2011 Paul Hale New York, New Jersey and the Niagara Falls

Sep 2011 Ley Liberson Life in a Life Raft Oct 2011 G Moody The Archaeology of Thanet Nov 2011 Vic Voss Coast to Coast Part 1 Jan 2012 E Knowles The Supermarket Impact on the Environment Feb 2012 Dr Clare Lukehurst Food and Poo – your new Vehicle Fuel Mar 2012 Brian Witherington China Apr 2012 No meeting - Easter May 2012 Phil Robinson The Lions Belarus Trust Jun 2012 Fred Fielder Geographical Places that attract Artists

44 Date Speaker Topic

Sep 2012 Dr A Bruce Sea Level Change and its Implication for Thanet Oct 2012 Clare Lukehurst A Geographers View of New Zealand Nov 2012 Julie Tomset History of Reculver Jan 2013 Heather Willis The Delights of Austria Feb 2013 Vic Voss Coast to Coast Part 2 Mar 2013 Tony Child Nature of the Thanet Coast Apr 2013 Brenda Sotos Italy May 2013 Don Wilks Botswana Wild Life Jun 2013 Fred Fielder The Geography of Art around the World

Sep 2013 Clare Lukehurst Malaysia and Singapore Oct 2013 Brenda Sotos Nepal Nov 2013 Judith Norris The Rural Economy Jan 2014 John Terry Countryside Restoration Trust Feb 2014 Dr Summerfield Etosha National Park, Namibia Mar 2014 Dave Edgar Monkton Nature Reserve Apr 2014 Malcolm Milham The End of an Empire May 2014 Lesley Williams Travels with a Camera – North America

Sep 2014 Laura Shawyer Ethiopia Oct 2014 Prof Phil Hubbard The Social Geography of Thanet Shopping Nov 2014 Claire Ashby Life in Camp Bastian, Afghanistan Jan 2015 Clare Lukehurst Geo-Politics of South East Brazil Feb 2015 Melanie Rogers Thanet Offshore Wind Farm Mar 2015 Tony Ashby Moving Oil-Rigs in the North Sea Apr 2015 Graham Gosden What Thanet Council does with recyclable Household Waste May 2015 Christine Wissink Effects of Climate Change on Kent Coastal Communities – projected to year 2050

45

Date Speaker Topic

Sep 2015 Mike Briggs Sandwich Bird Observatory Oct 2015 Tony Child The Thanet Coast Nov 2015 Sarah Callcutt Breathing Life into fresh Produce Jan 2016 Clare Lukehurst Christchurch, New Zealand after the Earthquake Feb 2016 Niko Miaoulis Energy derived from Solar Panels Mar 2016 Jim Davies A History of the Coal Mining Industry in Kent Apr 2016 Fergus Poncia Water Supply and Sewage Control in East Kent May 2016 Father Philip Seed and Social and Educational Aid in the David Shaw Gambia

46

Field Trips 2006-2016

Date Location

Jul 2006 Cliff Top Walk from Royal Esplanade to Viking Ship Jul 2007 World Garden at Lullingstone May 2010 Cobhall House and Gardens Jul 2011 Walk in Wingham Jul 2012 Walk around Ash Oct 2013 Walk in “Magical” Margate Apr 2014 Faversham Gun Powder Factory and Goddington House Nov 2014 Lunch in St Nicholas-at-Wade and talk by Jim Pace on Biogas Technology Jul 2015 Lunch at King Ethelbert Inn, Reculver and a talk by Julie Thomset on the Kent Wildlife Trust and a guided talk on the geology, sea defences and history of the Reculver Towers by Pam Goward. Nov 2015 Lunch at Quex Barn followed by a visit behind the scenes at the Quex Museum May 2016 Lunch at Haywain, Bramling followed by visit to Ash Heritage Centre

Holidays 2006-2016

Date Location

May 2007 Tenby, Wales May 2008 Kendall and the Lake District May 2009 Oban, Scotland May 2010 Constable Country, Suffolk May 2011 Sep 2012 Jersey May 2013 Isle of Wight May 2014 Totnes, Devon May 2015 Falmouth, Cornwall May 2016 Ilfracombe

47 Derek Wilson Biography

Derek Wilson, the author of this history of the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association, was born in Edinburgh in 1943, the elder son of a General Practitioner who resided in Kirkliston, West Lothian. He was educated at George Watson’s College, Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh where he graduated with a degree in Applied Chemistry in 1965. In 1966, he was elected as a Licentiate of the Royal Society of Chemistry. He has written an unpublished book on ‘The Principles and Practice of Surface Coatings Manufacture’, which was submitted for appraisal for which he was awarded the Fellowship in the Technology of Surface Coatings in 2003.

Following graduation, he pursued a career in the surface coatings industry. After several years with various surface coating manufacturing companies, his final career move in 1977 took him to Sericol Ltd. in Broadstairs in Kent, a company that was subsequently taken over by Fujifilm. As the company expanded, his remit included liaison with Sericol companies and licensees abroad and visited India, USA, Brazil, France, Spain, Japan and Thailand which he went to on several occasions to address and resolve manufacturing and raw material issues. He was also involved in manufacturing trials on new equipment and raw materials with companies based in the UK, Belgium, Germany, Holland, Italy and Switzerland. Whilst visiting these countries, he took the opportunity to explore the surrounding areas where these companies and licensees were based.

Following his retirement in 2008 and having been to so many countries worldwide not only on business but also on cultural holidays, he decided to join the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association and in 2012 joined the Committee as Secretary. He is also a life member of the Margate Civic Society and a member of the Thanet Countryside Trust.

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Isle of Thanet Geographical Association