10-10 Major Modification to Arch Tech AAS 10-10 V4 03/16/11 Minor curriculum change for informational purposes only Department of Architectural Technology

ARCH 2370 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS FOR ARCHITECTS 3 classroom hours, 3 credits

Course Description: A survey of systems employed in buildings including plumbing, electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and fire alarm and suppression. System components, design, application, equipment locations and distribution will be examined. Sustainability and energy efficiency applications will be addressed and digital software used for data analysis.

Course context: This course of part of the sustainability sequence and supports the design and building technology sequences.

Prerequisites: ARCH 1230 Building Technology II with a grade of C or higher

Required Text: Shiler, Marc., Lester Wertheimer. Building Systems. Kaplan AE Education, 2010.

Attendance Policy: No more than 10% absences are permitted during the semester. For the purposes of record, two lateness are considered as one absence. Exceeding this limit will expose the student to failing at the discretion of the instructor.

Course Structure: This course will be offered as a series of weekly lectures that will culminate in a site visit designed to view, identify and analyze existing building systems in place. There will be three quizzes given throughout the semester, a midterm and a final exam. There will be weekly reading assignments from the required text.

Grading: Final Exam 40% Midterm Exam 20% Quizzes (10% each) 30% Notebook 5% Participation 5%

Academic Integrity: Students and all others who work with information, ideas, texts, images, music, inventions and other intellectual property owe their audience and sources accuracy and honesty in using, crediting and citation of sources. As a community of intellectual and professional workers, the college recognizes its responsibility for providing instruction in information literacy and academic integrity, offering models of good practice, and responding vigilantly and appropriately to infractions of academic integrity. Accordingly, academic dishonesty is prohibited in The City University of New York and is punishable by penalties, including failing grades, suspension and expulsion.

Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this course, the student will: 1. Understand different building environmental control systems to a building. (Knowledge) 2. Communicate ideas and information both verbally and through writing. (Gen Ed) 3. Develop and apply professional vocabulary. (Gen Ed) 4. Research and practice information literacy skills by researching precedents. (Gen Ed) 5. Apply quantitative analysis to design. (Gen Ed) 6. Prepare simple riser diagrams for plumbing supply and waste systems. (Skill) 7. Select appropriate general and emergency lighting for buildings. (Skill) 8. Select appropriate heating, cooling and ventilation systems for buildings. (Skill) 9. Select appropriate fire suppression systems for buildings. (Skill) 10. Compute heat loss and heat gain for specific construction systems. (Skill)

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10-10 Major Modification to Arch Tech AAS 10-10 V4 03/16/11

Assessment To evaluate the students’ achievement of the learning objectives, the professor will do the following: 1. Review students’ design project for effective incorporation of building environmental control systems and ability to draw a riser diagram, and compute heat loss and gain for specific construction systems. (Los: 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) 2. Assess the students’ use of professional vocabulary during oral presentations. (Los: 2, 3) 3. Review students’ written work and exams for proficiency in comparing different systems and applying professional vocabulary. (Los: 1, 2, 3, 4) 4. Review students’ design and exams for proficiency in using quantitative analysis to solve problems including but not limited to: water pressure, heat loss, and material expansion problems.(Los: 5, 10) 5. Review students’ precedent research for proficiency in information literacy. (Los: 2, 3, 4)

Course Outline

Week 1: Introduction & Course Overview: Water Supply: Sources, types and treatment. Hard water, its constituents and problems, and water softening process. Acidic and Alkaline water and the pH scale.

Week 2: Water Supply: Water distribution Systems. Materials for water pipes. Fixture units, sizing pipes and water pressure calculations. Cross-connection and solutions for it; vacuum breakers, valves, and water hammers and solutions for them. Insulation of pipes and pipe supports. Hot water re-circulation. Review low flow fixtures and water saving devices.

Week 3: Drainage Systems: Slope of pipes and speed of flow. Materials for waste pipes. Plumbing Riser Diagrams. Storm and sanitary drainage. Cleanouts, manholes and interceptors; their purposes & locations. Septic tanks, cesspools, leaching fields and sand filters. Blue roofs and rain barrels: systems for capturing rain water for use in building hydronic system. Black water v Grey water, on site water treatment and reuse. Building and site systems to address combined sewage overflow.

Week 4: Thermal Comfort - Heat Loss/ Gain: Specific heat capacity, conduction, convection and radiation. Emissivity, absorptivity, infrared radiation, visible and non-visible radiation. The greenhouse effect. Introduce computer software and technical equipment to assist and enhance data collection on building envelope performance.

Quiz #1 Water Supply & Drainage Systems

Week 5: Thermal Comfort - Heat Loss/ Gain: Dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, mean radiant temperature, effective temperature, absolute and relative humidities, and enthalpy. Conductivity, conductance and resistance. Heat loss/ gain calculations across walls. Sources of heat loss/ gain in buildings. Degree days, cooling load differential factor, cooling load factor, shading coefficients and solar heat gain factor; the physchromatic chart. Review computer software and technical equipment to assist and enhance data collection on building envelope performance. Discuss active versus passive systems.

Week 6: Heating Systems: Steam and Hot water Hydronic systems; classifications of systems, piping arrangements, pressurization, operating temperatures and methods of return of condensate to the boiler. Advantages and disadvantages of the systems. Boilers; fire tube and water tube. Traps & Valves. Series loop, one-pipe, two pipe reverse and direct return and three/ four pipe systems; advantages and disadvantages. Review evacuated tube solar hot water heater and tankless systems. Heated slabs and heat exchangers utilized in super insulated spaces to reduce energy usage. Review geo-thermal systems and trombe walls. Discuss active versus passive systems. Introduce co-generation and micro generation systems.

Quiz #2 Thermal Comfort - Heat Loss/Gain

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10-10 Major Modification to Arch Tech AAS 10-10 V4 03/16/11

Week 7: Air Conditioning Systems: The refrigeration cycle; components, function and application. Components of AC system; louver, dampers, filters, cooling coils, humidification, fans and ducts. Discuss active versus passive systems. Evaporative cooling, split systems and planned natural ventilation. Introduce double curtain wall system for shading, cooling and insulating overall building.

Mid-Term Examination - Water Supply, Drainage, Thermal Comfort and Heating.

Week 8: Air Conditioning Systems: Reheat coils and variable volume boxes. Single and dual duct systems, constant and variable air volume systems. Return air fans, dampers and ceiling plenums. All air systems, air/ water systems and all water systems. Introduce indoor air quality control, air changes and natural ventilation systems.

Week 9: Lighting: Absorption and reflection of light. Task and area lighting. Specular and diffused reflection. Unit of light energy. Efficiency of light fixtures. Illumination and brightness and units.

Quiz #3 Air Conditioning

Week 10: Lighting/ Electricity: Incandescent, Fluorescent, LED’s and High Intensity Discharge light fixtures; their color rendition, life span and efficiencies. Calculation of fixture requirement for desired illumination levels. Prisms, louvers, baffles and indirect, direct, and emergency lighting. Types of currents: alternating and direct current. Sources of direct current and use in buildings. Current, voltage, resistance, frequency and power; formulas showing relationships and units. Review lighting controls : dimmers, occupancy sensors and time clocks.

Week 11: Electricity: Resistances in series and parallel. AC generation; single and three-phase AC current. Wire gauges and materials. Wiring methods; conduits, armored cable, plastic sheathed cable. Over-current protection devices. Panel boxes. Grounding. Voltage drops, motors and light switches. Transformers; types, sizes and wiring methods. Automatic transfer switches. Introduce alternative energy sources : solar concentrating fields, PV’s arrays, wind, water turbine, nuclear. Discuss smart grid and localized power versus centralized power.

Week 12: Fire Protection: Reasons for fire protection. Determination of fire protection requirements such as fire zones, height, size, area, construction type, use and location of buildings.

Quiz #4 Lighting and Electricity

Week 13: Fire Protection: Classes of fire. Fire detection systems. Exit widths and occupant loads. Sprinkler systems and their applications. Standpipe systems.

Week 14: Site Visit to review Water, Heating, AC and Lighting System at the City Tech’s E Building, 172 Pearl Street, Brooklyn. Field discussion of rating systems for evaluating and crediting sustainable mechanical systems. Course Review

Week 15: Final Examination

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