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WO 2016/007985 Al 21 January 2016 (21.01.2016) P O P C T

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WO 2016/007985 Al 21 January 2016 (21.01.2016) P O P C T (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/007985 Al 21 January 2016 (21.01.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A01P 21/00 (2006.01) A01N 43/653 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A01G 1/00 (2006.01) A01N 43/54 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) Number: International Application DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/AU2015/000393 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, 8 July 2015 (08.07.2015) MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (25) Filing Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (26) Publication Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 2014902720 15 July 2014 (15.07.2014) AU kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (71) Applicant: SIMPLOT AUSTRALIA PTY LTD TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, [AU/AU]; Chifley Business Park, 2 Chifley Drive, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, Mentone, Victoria 31 4 (AU). DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, (72) Inventor: MULCAHY, Frank; 141 Pardoe Road, Wesley SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, Vale, Tasmania 7307 (AU). GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). (74) Agent: ALLENS PATENT & TRADE MARK ATTOR¬ Published: NEYS; Deutsche Bank Place, Corner of Hunter and Phillip Streets, Sydney, NSW 2000 (AU). — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) (54) Title: METHODS TO INCREASE TUBER YIELD Figure 7 (57) Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and dosage regimes for increasing useable tuber yield in potatoes compris - ing applying a low dose of a plant growth regulator such as a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor to a potato crop. Methods to Increase Tuber Yield TECHNICAL FIELD [001] The present invention relates to a method of increasing useable tuber yield in potatoes, and in particular to a method of increasing the useable yield and quality of potatoes. The invention also relates to a dosage regime for increasing useable tuber yield in potatoes. BACKGROUND [002] A challenge for potato growers is maximizing the number of usable tubers per plant. There are many factors that affect tuber formation and nitrogen levels, temperature, available phosphorous, soil moisture, seed physiological age and available light all impact the number of usable tubers per plant. [003] Plant growth regulators that modulate growth rates are used in plant management. Plant growth regulators are classified on the basis of their mode of action. Some inhibit mitosis in the meristematic tissue which in turn inhibits cell division and elongation. A second class regulates auxin activity and transport, a third class kills terminal buds thereby reducing apical dominance. Another class inhibits the synthesis of gibberellin, a plant hormone needed for cell elongation. Paclobutrazol ((2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4,4-dimethyl-2-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol) is a plant growth regulator that acts by inhibiting gibberellin synthesis. [004] Paclobutrazol has been used in fruit trees in order to maintain a small tree size to enable efficient harvesting of fruit. Paclobutrazol is also used in nursery applications for example to control the growth of plants so they are suitable for small pots and in bonsai. The rates of paclobutrazol used for nursery and orchard are normally in the range of 250- 750g paclobutrazol per hectare. [005] Paclobutrazol at doses of 250 g/hectare or greater has been used to inhibit stem elongation and stimulate tuber formation in potatoes. Untreated plants have thinner and longer roots compared to paclobutrazol treated plants which have increased root diameter due to increased cortical width and enhanced formation of secondary xylem vessels. Depending upon plant species and concentration, paclobutrazol either stimulates or inhibits root growth. Literature indicates that the minimum concentration of paclobutrazol that has an effect on plant growth is generally understood to be 250 g/hectare. [006] Plant growth regulators are known in the art to be co-administered to herbaceous and woody ornamental plants with a nitrogen containing fertilser in order to extend the period of the fertilizer's response and/or to reduce the amount of fertilizer used. [007] Paclobutrazol has been reported to inhibit shoot growth and increase the root to shoot ratio demonstrating that it enhances tuberisation under in vivo and in vitro conditions. High doses of paclobutrazol (250 grams/hectare and above) have been shown to increase the number of usable tubers per plant without affecting total tuber yield. [008] The present methods and dosage regimes are based on the finding that low doses of paclobutrazol increase the useable yield of potato tubers. SUMMARY [009] In a first aspect, there is provided a method of increasing useable tuber yield in potatoes comprising applying a plant growth regulator such as a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor to a potato plant or crop at a rate of application of not more than about 225g/hectare. [010] In one embodiment the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor may be paclobutrazol or flurprimidol or a mixture thereof. [01 1] The plant growth regulator is preferably a class A or class B gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor. For example the plant growth regulator may be trinexapac-ethyl, paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, or mixtures thereof. Preferably the plant growth regulator is paclobutrazol. [012] The plant growth regulator may be applied as a foliar spray, drench or directly to the soil. [013] The plant growth regulator may be applied to the crop at about 50% or greater canopy closure. For example a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor may be applied to the crop at about 50% canopy closure, about 55% canopy closure, about 60% canopy closure, about 65% canopy closure, about 70% canopy closure, about 75% canopy closure, about 80% canopy closure, about 85% canopy closure, about 90% canopy closure, about 95% canopy closure, or about 100% canopy closure. [014] The method may further comprise a subsequent application of a plant growth regulator such as a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor to the potato plant or crop at a rate of not more than about 225g/hectare. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor used in the subsequent application may be paclobutrazol or flurprimidol or a mixture thereof. [015] The subsequent application is up to about 10 weeks after the first application of the plant growth regulator. For example, the subsequent application may be at about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 5 weeks, about 6 weeks, about 7 weeks, about 8 weeks, about 9 weeks or about 10 weeks after the first application of the plant growth regulator. [016] In some embodiments the application rate of either or both of applications of the plant growth regulator may be the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor is about 200g/hectare, about 175g/hectare, about 150g/hectare, about 125g/hectare, about 100g/hectare, about 75g/hectare, about 60g/hectare, about 50g/hectare, about 40g/hectare, about 30g/hectare, about 25g/hectare, about 20g/hectare, about 15g/hectare, about 10g/hectare, about 5g/hectare or about 1g/hectare. [017] In one embodiment he plant growth regulator is applied in the absence of a fertiliser. [018] In a second aspect, there is provided a dosage regime for increasing useable tuber yield in potatoes, the dosage regime comprising: a first dose of a plant growth regulator, such as paclobutrazol or flurprimidol or a mixture thereof of not more than about 225g/hectare; optionally a second dose of a plant growth regulator such as paclobutrazol or flurprimidol or a mixture thereof of not more than about 225g/hectare; wherein the first dose is applied to the potatoes at about 50% or greater canopy closure; and wherein the optional second dose is applied up to about 10 weeks after the first dose. [019] In one embodiment of the dosage regime the dose of either or both of the first and optional second doses may be about 200g/hectare, about 175g/hectare, about 150g/hectare, about 125g/hectare, about 100g/hectare, about 75g/hectare, about 60g/hectare, about 50g/hectare, about 40g/hectare, about 30g/hectare, about 25g/hectare, or about 20g/hectare, about 15g/hectare, about 10g/hectare, about 5g/hectare or about 1g/hectare. [020] In another embodiment the first dose may be applied to the crop at about 55% canopy closure, about 60% canopy closure, about 65% canopy closure, about 70% canopy closure, about 75% canopy closure, about 80% canopy closure, about 85% canopy closure, about 90% canopy closure, about 95% canopy closure, or about 100% canopy closure. [021] In a third aspect, there is provided use of a plant growth regulator at not more than about 225g/hectare to increase useable tuber yield in potatoes. [022] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word 'comprise', or variations such as 'comprises' or 'comprising', will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
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