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JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA ISSN 2354 -7294 Volume 2, Nomor 1, Juni 2014 JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA ISSN 2354 -7294 Volume 2, Nomor 1, Juni 2014 Terbit dua kali setahun pada bulan Juni dan Desember. Berisi tulisan berupa hasil penelitian (lapangan atau kepustakaan), gagasan konseptual, kajian dan aplikasi teori mengenai kebudayaan. Ketua Dewan Redaksi Muhammad Hasyim Wakil Ketua Dewan Redaksi Hasbullah Penyunting Pelaksana Sumarwati Kramadibrata Poli Mardi Adi Armin Wahyuddin Fierenziana Getruida Junus Ade Yolanda Prasuri Kuswarini Andi Faisal Masdiana Pelaksana Tata Usaha Ester Rombe Shinta Ayu Pratiwi Alamat Penerbit/Redaksi : Jurusan Sastra Prancis Fakultas Ilmu Budaya - Universitas Hasanuddin Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan km 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245. http://sastraprancis.unhas.ac.id email : [email protected] Jurnal Ilmu Budaya menerima sumbangan tulisan mengenai kebudayaan yang belum pernah diterbitkan dalam media lain. Naskah disusun berdasarkan format yang ada pada halaman belakang. (Petunjuk untuk penulis). Naskah yang masuk akan dievaluasi dan disunting oleh Dewan Redaksi tanpa mengubah isinya. JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA ISSN 2354-7294 Volume 2, Nomor 1, Juni 2014, hlm 161 - 342 DAFTAR ISI Proses Finalisasi Perbatasan Hindia-Belanda - North Borneo (Sabah): 161 – 169 Sebuah Catatan Atas Marjinalisasi Akhir Kesultanan Sulu Di Pesisir Timur-Laut Kalimantan Dave Lumenta, Dept. Antropologi, FISIP Universitas Indonesia Sabah Di Tengah Proses Dekolonisasi Di Asia Tenggara (1957-1968) 170 – 193 Dias Pradadimara Jurusan Ilmu Sejarah Universitas Hasanuddin Kewarganegaraan Dan Dilema Minoritas Pasca Kolonial Bercermin Kasus Sabah 194 – 210 Dan Kesultanan Sulu Ahmad Suaedy AW Centre-Universitas Indonesia Lembaga Pasca-Konflik Dan Proses Perdamaian Di Filipina Selatan 211 – 232 Lambang Trijono, Fisipol dan PSKP, UGM dan Peace and Development Initiative Indonesian Institute “Sabah” Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional: Milik Filipina Atau Malaysia? 233 – 251 Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah, Universitas Internasional Batam The Teaching Of Language 252 – 266 Suhartina. R, STKIP – YAPIM Maros Correlation Between Learning Styles And Students‟ Academic Achievement In 267 – 280 Speaking Skill In English Department At Hasanuddin University Zul Astri English Language Study Program Postgraduate Program Hasanuddin University Explicit And Implicit Meanings In Elong „Buang Tassanra Mua‟ 281 – 292 Sudarmin Harun, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, The University of Hasanuddin, Makassar The Social Criticism Of Indian In The Novel The Pearl By John Steinbeck 293 – 307 Abbas, A Lecturer of Cultural Studies, Hasanuddin University Semiotika Iklan “Kekhawatiran”: Solusi Keluar Dari Masalah Kehidupan 308 – 326 Muhammad Hasyim, Universitas Hasanuddin Kajian Kritik Terhadap Novel “The Satanic Verses” Karya Salman Rushdi 327 - 342 Najamuddin H.Abd. Safa, Jurusan Sastra Asia Barat 161 JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA Volumen 2, Nomor 1, Juni 2014 PROSES FINALISASI PERBATASAN HINDIA-BELANDA - NORTH BORNEO (SABAH): SEBUAH CATATAN ATAS MARJINALISASI AKHIR KESULTANAN SULU DI PESISIR TIMUR-LAUT KALIMANTAN Dave Lumenta Dept. Antropologi, FISIP Universitas Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract: Finalizing the Borders between the Netherlands East Indies and North Borneo (Sabah): A Note on the Marginalization of the Sultanate of Sulu on the Northeast Coast of Kalimantan This article is aimed to reveal the process through which the role of the Sultanate of Sulu over the northeast coast of Borneo was ended. This process is significant to understand why the claim of the Sultanate of Sulu over Sabah no longer included Tidung and Bulungan areas even though in the past they had. The most controversial claim by the Dutch was that the Sultan of Bulungan had signed a treaty with them in 1850 which mentioned that the territory of Bulungan inculded Batu Tinagat, Sungai Tawau, Nunukan Island, Sebatik Island, and Tarakan Island. Using historical sources such as the Resolution of the Governor General of the Netherlands Indies (1846), Memorandum of the North Borneo Cession (1882-1884) and others, this article is an attempt to reveal the process through which the borders of the Sultanate of Sulu on the Northcoast of Borneo/ Kalimantan in ciolonial times was negotiated. Keywords: Sabah, Sulu Sultanate, borders, colonia, history Abstrak : Proses Finalisasi Perbatasan Hindia-Belanda - North Borneo (Sabah): Sebuah Catatan Atas Marjinalisasi Akhir Kesultanan Sulu Di Pesisir Timur-Laut Kalimantan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap proses diakhirinya peran Kesultanan Sulu di pesisir timur laut Pulau Borneo. Proses ini cukup signifikan untuk memahami mengapa klaim Kesultanan Sulu atas Sabah tidak lagi mencakup wilayah Tidung dan Bulungan yang di masa lalu juga berada dalam cakupan klaim Kesultanan Sulu. Klaim Belanda yang dianggap paling kontroversial adalah klaim bahwa Sultan Bulungan Khaharuddin telah menandatangani sebuah ―Perjanjian Sobat‖ kedua dengan Belanda pada November 1850 yang memuat klaim bahwa wilayah Bulungan juga mencakup Batu Tinagat, Sungai Tawau, Pulau Nunukan, Pulau Sebatik dan Pulau Tarakan. Dengan menggunakan fakta-fakta sejarah yang terkandung dalam sumber-sumber kolonial seperti Resolution of the Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies (1846), Memorandum on the North Borneo Cession (1882-1884) dan lain-lain, tulisan ini mencoba mengungkap proses kesejarahan penentuan batas-batas wilayah Kesultan Sulu di Pesisir Tmur Laut Pulau Borneo/ Kalimantan yang di masa kolonial penuh dengan negosiasi. Kata kunci: Sabah, Kesultanan Sulu perbatasan, masa colonial, sejarah 162 JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA Volumen 2, Nomor 1, Juni 2014 PENGANTAR Tulisan ini memberi catatan (beeswax) dan sarang burung Walet, berasal pelengkap untuk mengungkap proses dari hulu Sungai Sesayap dan Sembakung di diakhirinya peran Kesultanan Sulu di pesisir pedalaman Kalimantan. Suplai komoditas ini timur-laut Pulau Borneo. Proses ini cukup dijamin oleh kesultanan-kesultanan pesisir signifikan untuk memahami mengapa klaim Kalimantan dengan imbalan suplai budak Kesultanan Sulu atas Sabah tidak lagi dan proteksi yang diberikan oleh Kesultanan mencakup wilayah Tidung dan Bulungan Sulu. Namun, di awal abad ke-19, pengaruh yang di masa lalu juga berada dalam Sulu atas perdagangan di wilayah pesisir ini cakupan klaim Kesultanan Sulu. Selain itu, mulai berkurang akibat ekspansi pedagang- tulisan ini juga ingin mengungkap proses pedagang Bugis di pesisir timur Kalimantan kesejarahan penentuan batas di masa (Warren 2007). kolonial yang penuh dengan negosiasi. EKSPANIS BELANDA DI PESISIR PENGARUH SULU DI PANTAI TIMUR KALIMANTAN TIMUR-LAUT KALIMANTAN Sesudah ditaklukkan oleh Belanda Wilayah pesisir pulau Kalimantan, pada tahun 1817, Kesultanan Banjarmasin di terutama wilayah Tirun (dalam bahasa Sulu, bawah Sultan Adam Alwassikh Billah pada atau sering disebut sebagai Tidung Lands/ tahun 1826 menandatangani kontrak dengan Tidung Landen/ Tanah-Tanah Tidung dalam Belanda yang berimplikasi pada perluasan korespondensi kolonial) dan Bulungan klaim teritorial Belanda atas pesisir timur berperan besar dalam perekonomian Sulu. Pulau Kalimantan. Dalam kontrak ini, Beberapa komoditas ekspor penting bagi Kesultanan Banjarmasin menyerahkan Kesultanan Sulu seperti lilin madu wilayah-wilayah vassal-nya seperti 163 JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA Volumen 2, Nomor 1, Juni 2014 Kesultanan Sambaliung, Gunung Tabur dan States of the Sultan of Bruni or Borneo proper, extending from Tanjong Datu on the Berau di bawah kontrol dan penguasaan west to the River Kemanis on the east, situated on the north-west coast. b) The State Belanda (Eisenberger 1936). of the Sultan of the Sulu Islands, having for boundaries on the west the River Kemanis, Cakupan klaim Belanda kemudian the north and north-east coasts as far as 3 degrees north latitude, where it is bounded diperluas dengan ditandatanganinya by the River Atas, forming the extreme frontier towards the north with the State of ―Perjanjian Sobat‖ antara Sultan Bulungan Berou dependent on the Netherlands.” dengan Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda pada (Jan-Jacob Rochussen, Governor-General of the Dutch Indies, 1846)1 tahun 1834. Berdasarkan perjanjian ini, Perluasan klaim Belanda ini menyimpan klaim teritorial Belanda ditarik hingga sebuah ambiguitas. Dimasukkannya Sungai Sungai Atas di dekat muara Sungai Sesayap, Atas dalam penetapan teritori Kolonial yang secara tradisional masuk ke wilayah Belanda secara langsung berbenturan dengan Tanah-Tanah Tidung. Penetapan batas klaim klaim Sultan Sulu atas wilayah Tanah-Tanah ini kemudian diperkukuh dalam dokumen Tidung. Namun, ambiguitas ini nampaknya ―Resolusi atas Borneo‖ yang ditandatangani dibiarkan hingga 1878 ketika Gustavus pada tahun 1846 oleh Gubernur Jenderal Baron de Overbeck mendapatkan konsesi Belanda J.J. Rochussen. Dalam resolusi ini, dari Sultan Sulu yang juga mencakup wilayah di sebelah utara Sungai Atas masih sebagian dari wilayah Tanah-Tanah Tidung. dianggap sebagai milik Kesultanan Sulu. ―Considering that the general knowledge of the geographical and political concerns of Borneo,...affords the means of defining the 1 territorial division of the island, which will “Resolution of the Governor-General of prevent any uncertainty concerning the Netherlands India regarding the Dutch Possessions in judicial territory to which the inhabitants of Borneo, dated Buitenzorg-Batavia, February 28, 1846”, lampiran dalam “Correspondence respecting Borneo belong...” the Question of the Limits of the Netherlands ―The parts of Borneo on which Netherlands Territory on the North-East Coast of Borneo: 1882- does not exercise any influence are: a) The 84”, CO 874-191.
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