Wendezeiten in Der Bulgarischen Literatur

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Wendezeiten in Der Bulgarischen Literatur „Einem ausführlichen Abriss zur Geschichte der bulgarischen Literatur aus dem beginnenden 20. Jh. folgen originelle Autorenporträts, kulturanthro- pologische Studien und tiefgreifende Analysen von Texten aus der jüngsten Gegenwart. Die Vernetzung verschiedener methodologischer Ansätze geht vom Kriterium der Innovation und der ästhetischen Qualität der gesichte- ten Werke aus. Darin sehe ich einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Revision des Literaturkanons und dessen Rückkopplung an den sozialen, kulturellen und psychologischen Wandel der Gesellschaft im Bulgarien von heute.“ (Svetlana Arnaudova, Literaturwissenschaftlerin) Nikolina Burneva „Kein vorgefundenes System und keine hergebrachte Vorstellung werden Wendezeiten hier neu verlegt, sondern eine in beiden Kulturen – der bulgarischen und der deutschen – sich auskennende Autorin vermittelt durch ihre subjektive, aber in der nachvollziehbar begründete Auswahl ein lebendiges und überraschend anzie- hendes Bild des Bulgarischen. Besonderen Wert legt sie dabei auf den Transfer bulgarischen Literatur kultureller Realien.“ (Anna Dimova, Übersetzungswissenschaftlerin) Nikolina Burneva Wendezeiten in der bulgarischen Literatur ISBN: 978-3-86395-120-7 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Nikolina Burneva Wendezeiten in der bulgarischen Literatur This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License 3.0 “by-sa”, allowing you to download, distribute and print the document in a few copies for private or educational use, given that the document stays unchanged and the creator is mentioned. erschienen im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2013 Nikolina Burneva Wendezeiten in der bulgarischen Literatur Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2013 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. Autorenkontakt Nikolina Burneva e-mail: [email protected] Habilitationsschrift Universität „Hll. Kyrill und Method“ zu Veliko Tarnovo Dieses Buch ist auch als freie Onlineversion über die Homepage des Verlags sowie über den OPAC der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de) erreichbar und darf gelesen, heruntergeladen sowie als Privatkopie ausgedruckt werden. Es gelten die Lizenzbestimmungen der Onlineversion. Satz und Layout: Annett Eichstaedt Umschlaggestaltung: Franziska Lorenz Titelabbildung: Nikolina Burneva, Straßenhappening in Sofia © 2013 Universitätsverlag Göttingen http://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-120-7 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort.................................................................................................................................. 1 Die Avantgarde im Angesicht der Tradition ............................................................. 5 Ankunft in die Moderne. Bulgarische Literatur zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts ...... 7 „Gotische Kathedralen mit byzantinischen Kuppeln...“ Eklektizismus und Selbstbezüglichkeit ............................................................................................................. 31 Jana Jazovas Lyrik über die letzten Dinge und die Frauenträume .............................. 51 Futuristische Muster auf dem Balkan: Meyrinks Einfluss auf den jungen Svetoslav Minkov................................................................................................................ 85 Der lange Abschied und… Ankunft ohne Ende .................................................. 103 Helden und Instanzen des (Un-)Zeitgemäßen in der bulgarischen Literatur der 80er Jahre .................................................................................................................... 105 Gender und Kunstfolklore: Über ein Festival maskuliner Emanzen in Bulgarien ............................................................................................................................ 127 „Sie warten auf Godot, und wir jagen nach dem Wind.“........................................... 141 „Uns geht es prima, aber es wird schon besser werden...“ Frauenbilder aus Bulgarien nach der Wende .............................................................................................. 161 Zum Umgang mit der nationalen Geschichte in Zeiten der Wende ............. 185 Kulturpolitische Reflexionen zwischen Opferrolle und Selbstkritik ........................ 187 Mythische und biblische Pentimenti in Erzählungen aus der bulgarischen Gegenwartsliteratur .......................................................................................................... 203 Nachwort von Annegret Middeke ................................................................................ 235 Vorwort Viel zu oft wird der Umstand beklagt, dass man von deutschsprachigen Medien kaum etwas mehr von Bulgarien zu wissen bekommt, als was man schon lange kennt: sehr oberflächliche, sehr fragmentarische Informationen über Armut, Kri- minalität und parteipolitisches Tauziehen ohne Ende… Selbst wenn eine positive Perspektive heranbemüht wird, bleibt sie meistens an Stereotypen hängen, die das Bild des Balkans als Ort der rückwärtsgewandten Utopie darstellen: unermüdlich über Felder und im Haushalt gebückte Frauen, ausgelassene Saufgelage mit viel Lärm, Klatsch- und Streitsucht und wilden Tänzen vor dem pittoresken Hinter- grund wunderschöner, naturbelassener Landschaft. Dass dieser kitschige Mix lei- der zu den erfolgreichsten Argumenten des gegenwärtig so geschätzten kulturellen Kriteriums der Nachhaltigkeit zählen kann, ist teilweise selbst verschuldet, denn es hat zu oft den Anschein, wie wenn die Profilierungssucht von Künstlern aus den Balkanländern mit dem Erlebnishunger eines durch überlieferte Hochkultur über- forderten (mittel- und westeuropäischen) Publikums sich treffen würden, um die unaufhaltsame Karriere zum Beispiel eines Emir Kusturica zu erzeugen oder Bul- gariens Pop-Folk-Großproduzenten Mitko Dimitrov mit einer Million Euro aus Brüssel zu bescheren. Die Tourismus-Industrie tut ein weiteres hinzu, wenn auf den mittlerweile unzähligen Webseiten die unverwüstlichen Poturi-Träger mit thrakischen Sackpfeifen Momentaufnahmen vom sommerlich frischen Hochge- 2 Nikolina Burneva birge schmücken oder junge Mädchen in Nationaltracht riesige Rosenblütenkorbe präsentieren… Alles wie gehabt. Von all dem wird im vorliegenden Buch nicht die Rede sein. Im Gegenteil, die Studien über verschiedene Aspekte der Moderne in der bulgarischen Literatur ha- ben die Ambition, zur Normalisierung des Bulgarienbildes beizutragen. Jenseits aller Sensationslust und Markthascherei wollen sie von der Erkundung des urig- ländlichen Traditionellen abrücken, um wesentliche Ereignisse in der neueren bul- garischen Kulturgeschichte zu beleuchten, in denen sich die urbane Intelligenz des Landes artikuliert – nicht in exaltierter Selbstgefälligkeit, aber mit viel Selbstironie, ohne Illusionen von der unabwendbaren lichten Zukunft, aber mit einer gesunden Skepsis. Kulturkonservative und avantgardistische Tendenzen werden aufgedeckt, analysiert und im Hinblick auf ihr historisches Geworden-Sein und ihre Aussich- ten interpretiert mit dem Ziel, den Anderen im Ausland, die sich angesichts fest- geschriebener Stereotypen und neu gewonnener, eigener Erfahrungen überrascht und herausgefordert fühlen, etwas mehr Informationen zu vermitteln, ein dialekti- scheres Bild von der bulgarischen Kultur nahezulegen. Es ist weder möglich noch angestrebt, das zusammenhängende Bild eines ein- heitlich ablaufenden Geschichtsprozesses anzubieten. Die Darstellung wird im Allgemeinen erst den Charakter eines Kaleidoskops erreichen, und so wird sich hoffentlich ein gewisser Gesamteindruck von der bulgarischen Art, lebensweltli- che Erfahrungen zu fiktionalisieren und philosophisch zu überhöhen, ergeben. Zu erhoffen ist, dass sich dadurch eine ausbaufähige Grundlage formiert, die jeder Interessierte durch seine weiteren Erfahrungen ergänzen würde. Im vorliegenden Buch wird eine der natürlichen Chronologie der behandelten Phänomene entspre- chende Abfolge von Studien angeboten, die ich einzelnen Schlüsselmomenten in der neueren bulgarischen Kultur- und Literaturgeschichte widme. Sie alle beziehen sich auf zielgerichtet zusammengestellte Korpora von konkreten Texten, die sich bestenfalls berühren und fast nie überlappen, denn jede Studie beleuchtet eine an- dere Zeitspanne und/oder einen anderen Aspekt. Bei der Auswahl der einzelnen Objekte habe ich mich nur vage vom Kriterium der Repräsentanz leiten lassen. Zum einen, weil ich diesem Kriterium, auf spät- oder postmoderne Kultur ange- wendet, nicht mehr trauen kann – erscheinen doch die Gesellschaften von heute in einem sehr hohen Maße in diverse Kulturbereiche, -szenen und -stile gegliedert. Zum anderen, weil alle künstlerisch ambitionierten Artefakte in der Moderne von der Idee ihrer Außergewöhnlichkeit getragen sind, so dass ich neben dem Kriteri- um sozialer Relevanz auch noch das Kriterium der Innovation mit zu berücksich- tigen hatte. Zum dritten habe ich gerade durch die kaleidoskopische Konzeption des vorliegenden Bandes die Freiheit gewonnen, nur Artefakte zu behandeln, die mich persönlich ansprechen, um die weniger aufregenden mit beiläufigen Anmer- kungen zu übergehen. Zu dieser subjektiven Teilmotivation meiner Auswahl stehe ich auch hinsichtlich der Literatur aus unserem noch jungen Jahrhundert, die ich – anders als ursprünglich geplant – für eine spätere Publikation zu belassen mich Vorwort
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