DOCSLIB.ORG

Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (Reach) Project Child Labor in the Tea Sector Case Study of Nyamasheke, Nyaruguru

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (Reach) Project Child Labor in the Tea Sector Case Study of Nyamasheke, Nyaruguru RWANDA EDUCATION ALTERNATIVES FOR CHILDREN (REACH) PROJECT CHILD LABOR IN THE TEA SECTOR CASE STUDY OF NYAMASHEKE, NYARUGURU AND GICUMBI WINROCK INTERNATIONAL 2012 Funded by the United States Department of Labor /Bureau of International Labor Affairs/Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor and Human Trafficking The REACH Project is funded by the U.S. Department of Labor under Cooperative Agreement IL-19515-09-75-K. This publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Labor, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. Page 1 of 76 Dedication To all children whose futures are affected by exploitative work; And to all who tirelessly work to combat child labor. Acknowledgement There are many people and institutions without whom this research would not have been successful. Special recognition goes to the United States Department of Labor who funded this research, and for Winrock International who sponsored, coordinated, and supervised the research project. Recognition also goes to FERWACOTHE whose special partnership with the REACH Project made the research process smooth especially in the field during data collection. Further appreciation is extended to commercial tea growers and other institutions including Rwanda Mountain Tea and SORWATHÉ, Rwanda Rainforest Alliance, and the U.S. Embassy Rwanda who provided valuable input in this study during the tea stakeholders’ meetings. Much appreciation goes to the COOPTHE groups and all the respondents in this research. The valuable data they provided is what constitutes this study. Special appreciation goes to the REACH team for technical and administrative support, coordinating, and the valuable input in this research study. Ndekezi Maarifa V. Research Consultant Page 2 of 76 Preface This research is a compilation of findings from three districts in Rwanda where tea is grown: Nyamasheke, Nyaruguru, and Gicumbi. These are three of the seven districts where the REACH project is implementing direct intervention programs against child labor. This study contains findings on the current situation and the perception of tea growers and children, as well as their knowledge on child labor laws. Tea from Rwanda has been identified by the U.S. Department of Labor as a product that is produced with involvement of exploitative child labor. While there have been many efforts by the government, local actors, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and others to fight child labor, the presence of Rwandan Tea on USDOL’s List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor 2010 report encouraged this research and draws attention to the need for more work to be done to eliminate child labor in the Rwandan tea sector. This research intends to demonstrate efforts towards the elimination of child labor in the Rwanda tea sector which will lead to Rwandan tea regaining its reputation in the global market. The REACH Project has been involved in efforts to stop child labor in these districts, and this research was intended to inform REACH and stakeholders on the progress made and further areas of intervention needed. Readers of the research will appreciate the efforts made to take action and eliminate child labor. This research will provide stakeholders with strategies which can be used to further this cause. John Nkurikiyinka REACH Project Director Page 3 of 76 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Preface ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12 1.1 Definitions of Terms ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 1.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13 1.3 Organization of the tea sector in Rwanda ................................................................................................................ 13 1.4 Scope of the study, objectives and research questions ....................................................................................... 15 2.0 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATION AND METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 16 2.1 General approach .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Ethical considerations and consent procedure ...................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Selection of study areas .................................................................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Sampling ............................................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.5 Data collection .................................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.6 Data analysis and presentation .................................................................................................................................... 19 2.7 Limitations of the study .................................................................................................................................................. 19 2.8 Research team .................................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.0 PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ......................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Characteristics of respondents ....................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Children demographics ............................................................................................................................................. 20 3.1.2 Age and schooling ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 Cooperative member and parent respondent demographics ...................................................................... 22 3.2 Current situation of child labor in tea sector ............................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Awareness on the current situation of child labor ........................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Children working in tea growing activities ......................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Children known by others to be working in tea ................................................................................................ 28 3.2.4 Age of beginning to work for children .................................................................................................................. 29 3.3 Children's involvement in work................................................................................................................................... 30 3.3.1 Children's work in the last one month .................................................................................................................. 31 3.3.2 Seasons and duration of work ................................................................................................................................. 33 3.4 Motivation for children's involvement in work ..................................................................................................... 34 3.4.1 Awareness on factors that promote child labor ................................................................................................ 34 3.4.2 What children do with the money .......................................................................................................................... 36 3.4.3 Employers of children ................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan
    Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Ltd The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Limited The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) i Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Limited The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Coordinators of IMP Study: NGABONZIZA Prime MAIMBO Mabanga Malesu Supervisor of IMP study: DVOSKIN Dan Authors: MAIMBO Mabanga Malesu ODUOR Alex Raymonds KIPRUTO Cherogony NYOLEI Douglas GACHENE Charles BIAMAH Elijah Kipngetich O’NEIL Mick MIYUKI Ilyama JEPHINE Mogoi Steering Committee Members: SENDEGE Norbert NGABONZIZA Prime NZEYIMANA Innocent MUSABYIMANA Innocent MUSABYIMANA J. Claude AZENE BEKELE Tesemma KAGABO Desire HARINDINTWALI Reverien BAYOULI Amor MOULAYE Abdou Enterprises Ltd. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, MINAGRI ii Acknowledgement The World Agroforestry Centre greatly appreciates the opportunity accorded by the Managing Director of Ebony Enterprises Limited, Brigadier General (Rtd) Danny Kassif, to participate in the Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan through a sub-contractual agreement signed in March 2009. Upon inception of Phase I study, a number of Ebony personnel provided administrative and logistical support which cannot go unrecognized. These include Pini Moria, Ram Lustgarten, Arik Almog, Adina Avisar and Avi Evron. Cognizance is also extended to the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources for providing technical backstopping and logistical support while carrying out the study in Rwanda. The following Officers are highly appreciated for their contributions to ensuring that Phase I of the study was a success: The Permanent Secretary – MINAGRI, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • THESIS UWIRAGIYE Emmanuel.Pdf
    HOUSEHOLD DEVELOPMENT BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH LAND EXPROPRIATION IN KIBEHO AND MUNINI SECTORS UWIRAGIYE Emmanuel A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Development Studies, College of Arts and Social Science (CASS), in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Development Studies of the University of Rwanda (UR). Supervisor: Dr UWIZEYE Dieudonné Huye, June 2021 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is the result of my own work and has not been submitted for any other degree at the University of Rwanda or any other institution. UWIRAGIYE Emmanuel REG No.219014043 Signature: ………… Date: ………………………………………………… Supervisor I certify that this work was done under my supervision, and I confirm that it is ready for examination. DR. UWIZEYE Dieudonné Signature : ………………………………… Date : …………………………………………… I DEDICATION I dedicate this work to all those who toil day and night without advanced education and manage to parry what poverty and limited capabilities hurl on them! II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to God and to the Jesuits who allowed and sponsored my studies. The completion of this study would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of several special people. I express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. UWIZEYE Dieudonné. He provided helpful feedbacks at a surprising pace. His guidance, both during the research and over the entire course of my time at UR was invaluable. I am deeply indebted to him. I humbly acknowledge that within the university I have also had the support of many lecturers, Dr. Buchanan I., Dr. Mulindahabi C., Dr. Ndahiriwe I., Dr Nkurayija J., Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • District Profile
    THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA District Profile Nyaruguru Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 Rwanda, Census, and Housing Fourth Population NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS OF RWANDA THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 District Profile Nyaruguru January 2015 The Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census (2012 RPHC) was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). Field work was conducted from August 16th to 30th, 2012. The funding for the RPHC was provided by the Government of Rwanda, World Bank (WB), the UKAID (Former DFID), European Union (EU), One UN, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and UN Women. Additional information about the 2012 RPHC may be obtained from the NISR: P.O. Box 6139, Kigali, Rwanda; Telephone: (250) 252 571 035 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: http://www.statistics.gov.rw. Recommended citation: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) [Rwanda]; 2012. Rwanda Fourth Population and Housing Census. District Profile: Nyaruguru xiii xv Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 District Profile:Nyaruguru iv Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 District Profile:Nyaruguru Table of Content Foreword ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • RWANDA Poverty Assessment
    RWANDA Poverty Assessment April 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Poverty Global Practice Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized April 2015 1 ׀ RWANDA Poverty Assessment April 2015 ׀ RWANDA Poverty Assessment 2 RWANDA Poverty Assessment Poverty Global Practice Africa Region April 2015 3 ׀ RWANDA Poverty Assessment Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................10.... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... VIII11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................................12 IX 1. A Snapshot of Poverty in Rwanda ..........................................................................................................................12ix Rwanda‘s Poverty Profile: The Expected… ............................................................................................................13 x And the Rather Unexpected … .............................................................................................................................15 xii Inequality is high, driven by location, education, and occupation .......................................................................16 xiii Strong performance in health and basic education ................................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized UPDATED BY: NYARUGURU DISTRICT AND RWANDA TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT AGENCY Public Disclosure Authorized RWANDA FEEDER ROADS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT UPDATED RAP REPORT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN FOR SELECTED FEEDER ROADS NYARUGURU DISTRICT Public Disclosure Authorized April 2020 Page 1 of 164 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Government of Rwanda (GoR) in partnership with its development partners- initiated Rwanda Feeder Roads Development Project (FRDP) implemented under the coordination of MINAGRI. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN), by a letter to the World Bank dated October 10, 2017, requested restructuring of the parent Feeder Road Development Project in line with changes to the institutional framework for road management. Accordingly, the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI), that was responsible for implementation and monitoring of the feeder roads program, was responsible to lead policy formulation. The responsibility of implementation, management and monitoring of all feeder roads programs shifted to RTDA. A Feeder Roads Unit (FRU) that was established in MINAGRI coordinating Development Partners’ (DP) programs, including the World Bank’s, in feeder roads development and has been managing the feeder roads program steering committee. The FRU activities shifted to RTDA. MININFRA and MINAGRI will co-chair the feeder roads program steering committee; RTDA will manage the feeder roads program implementation. The project received financing from IDA to rehabilitate, upgrade and maintain 500 km of selected feeder roads in Rwamagana, Gisagara, Karongi and Nyamasheke Districts. The GoR also applied for additional funding for the rehabilitation of 1200 km of feeder roads in other six districts, namely Gatsibo, Nyagatare, Nyaruguru, Gakenke, Rutsiro and Nyabihu Districts.
    [Show full text]
  • TWUBAKANE Decentralization and Health Program Rwanda
    TWUBAKANE Decentralization and Health Program Rwanda QUARTERLY PERFORMANCE MONITORING REPORT #18 APRIL— JUNE 2009 USAID/Rwanda Cooperative Agreement # 623-A-00-05-00020-00 Distribution: USAID/Rwanda Twubakane Team Partners Government of Rwanda Ministry of Local Administration Ministry of Health National AIDS Control Commission Twubakane Steering Committee Members Twubakane Partner Districts NGOs, Bilateral and Multi-lateral Partner Agencies Twubakane Quarterly Report #18, April-June, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... 1 TWUBAKANE PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS APRIL-JUNE, 2009 ............................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 3 2. KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PROGRESS .......................................................................... 3 2.1 TWUBAKANE PROGRAM FIELD OFFICES ............................................................................ 4 3. PERFORMANCE REVIEW BY PROGRAM COMPONENT ........................................................ 4 3.1 FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ACCESS AND QUALITY .............................. 4 3.2 CHILD SURVIVAL, MALARIA AND NUTRITION ACCESS AND QUALITY .............................. 7 3.3 DECENTRALIZATION PLANNING, POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ....................................... 10 3.4 DISTRICT-LEVEL CAPACITY BUILDING ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • JPRWEE ANNUAL REPORT FINAL DRAFT -April 18
    “ACCELERATING PROGRESS TOWARD THE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN” ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT REPORTING PERIOD: 1 JANUARY – 31 DECEMBER 2017 Country, Locality(s), Priority Area(s) / Programme Title & Project Number Participants • Programme Title : Accelerating Progress Toward Rwanda (Kirehe, Ngoma and Nyaruguru districts) Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Rwanda The strategic result of RWEE is to secure rural women’s livelihoods and rights in the context of • MPTF Office Project Reference Number: 1 00092006 sustainable development and the SDGs. 1260 participants for the year 2017: • Direct : 1,260 (1027 women & 233 Men) • Indirect : 5,418 (2,817 Women and 2,601 Men) Number of participants from the beginning of the Joint Programme: • Direct: 17, 363 (9,625 women, 7,738 men). • Indirect: 83,342 (43,338 women, 40,004 men) Participating Organization(s) Implementing Partners 1 The MPTF Office Project Reference Number are as follows: ETHIOPIA: 00092000; GUATEMALA: 00092001; KYRGYZSTAN: 00092002; LIBERIA: 00092003; NEPAL: 00092004; NIGER: 00092005; RWANDA: 00092006 Page 1 of 49 • FAO, IFAD, WFP, UN Women • Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resource (MINAGRI) • IMBUTO Foundation • INADES Formation Rwanda • SAFE • YWCA • District and Sector Agriculture officers • District and Sector Cooperative Officers • Rwanda Cooperative Agency (RCA) Programme/Project Cost (US$) Programme Duration Total approved budget as per project document: US$ 5,000,000 MPTF Contribution: US$400,000 • by Agency Overall Duration: 5 Years • FAO US$ 89,773 • IFAD US$ 89,773 • WFP US$ 130,681 • UN Women US$ 89,773 Agency Contribution • FAO Core Contribution : USD 20,682.23 Start Date (15 10 2012) • IFAD RWEE Contribution : 0 USD Original end date (14 10 2017 • WFP RWEE Contribution : 0 Current end date: 30 12 2018 • UN Women Core Contribution : USD 24,639.59 .
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Law No 29/2005 of 31/12/2005 Determining The
    Year 44 Special Issue of 31st December 2005 OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Nº 29/2005 of 31/12/2005 Organic Law determining the administrative entities of the Republic of Rwanda. Annex I of Organic Law n° 29/2005 of 31/12/2005 determining the administrative entities of the Republic of Rwanda relating to boundaries of Provinces and the City of Kigali. Annex II of Organic Law n° 29/2005 of 31/12/2005 determining the administrative entities of the Republic of Rwanda relating to number and boundaries of Districts. Annex III of Organic Law n° 29/2005 of 31/12/2005 determining the administrative entities of the Republic of Rwanda relating to structure of Provinces/Kigali City and Districts. 1 ORGANIC LAW Nº 29/2005 OF 31/12/2005 DETERMINING THE ADMINISTRATIVE ENTITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA We, KAGAME Paul, President of the Republic; THE PARLIAMENT HAS ADOPTED AND WE SANCTION, PROMULGATE THE FOLLOWING ORGANIC LAW AND ORDER IT BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA THE PARLIAMENT: The Chamber of Deputies, in its session of December 2, 2005; The Senate, in its session of December 20, 2005; Given the Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda of June 4, 2003, as amended to date, especially in its articles 3, 62, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 108, 118, 121, 167 and 201; Having reviewed law n° 47/2000 of December 19, 2000 amending law of April 15, 1963 concerning the administration of the Republic of Rwanda as amended and complemented to date; ADOPTS: CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL PROVISIONS Article one: This organic law determines the administrative entities of the Republic of Rwanda and establishes the number, boundaries and their structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Zbwleibniz-Informationszentrum
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Bensch, Gunther; Peters, Jörg Research Report Socio-economic impacts of rural electrification in Rwanda: An ex-ante assessment of GTZ activities RWI Materialien, No. 60 Provided in Cooperation with: RWI – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen Suggested Citation: Bensch, Gunther; Peters, Jörg (2010) : Socio-economic impacts of rural electrification in Rwanda: An ex-ante assessment of GTZ activities, RWI Materialien, No. 60, ISBN 978-3-86788-223-1, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (RWI), Essen, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2010081820504 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/61112 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Materialien Gunther Bensch Jörg Peters Socio-economic Impacts of Rural Electrifi cation in Rwanda An Ex-ante Assessment of GTZ Activities Heft 60 Imprint Board of Directors Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Size, Structure and Distribution
    THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Thematic Report Population size, structure and distribution i Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 Rwanda, Census, and Housing Fourth Population NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS OF RWANDA ii THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 Thematic Report Population size, structure and distribution January 2014 iii The Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census (2012 RPHC) was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). Field work was conducted from August 16th to 30th, 2012. The funding for the RPHC was provided by the Government of Rwanda, World Bank (WB), the UKAID (Former DFID), European Union (EU), One UN, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and UN Women. Additional information about the 2012 RPHC may be obtained from the NISR: P.O. Box 6139, Kigali, Rwanda; Telephone: (250) 252 571 035 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: http://www.statistics.gov.rw. Recommended citation: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) [Rwanda], 2012. Rwanda Fourth Population and Housing Census. Thematic Report: Population size, structure and distribution iv Table of contents Table of contents ..................................................................................................................... v List of tables ............................................................................................................................vii
    [Show full text]
  • Technical & Financial File
    TECHNICAL & FINANCIAL FILE UBUZIMA BURAMBYE (LONG HEALTHY LIFE) RWANDA DGD CODE: NN 3015102 NAVISION CODE: RWA 13 092 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 8 ANALYTICAL RECORD OF THE INTERVENTION .................................................................... 10 1 SITUATION ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................... 11 1.1 GENERAL CONTEXT ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 HEALTH SECTOR SWOT ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 19 1.3 SPECIFIC CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................... 21 1.4 BELGIAN COOPERATION SUPPORT TO THE HEALTH SECTOR .................................................. 36 2 STRATEGIC ORIENTATIONS ............................................................................................... 38 2.1 THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................... 38 2.2 NATIONAL HEALTH SECTOR POLICY GUIDING PRINCIPLES AS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES .............. 38 2.3 .SELECTION OF HSSP III AS OUTPUTS
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Nyabarongo Catchment Rehabilitation Plan
    2016 UPPER NYABARONGO CATCHMENT REHABILITATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY (VERSION 1) Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 2 1. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Rational of the document ...................................................................................................................... 3 3. Issues identified .................................................................................................................................... 3 4. Rehabilitation plan development methodology .................................................................................... 3 5. Intervention measures and implementation strategy ............................................................................. 4 5.1. Huye District ................................................................................................................................. 6 5.2. Karongi District ............................................................................................................................ 9 5.3. Muhanga District .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]