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10.4 Adjectives

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10.4 Adjectives 10.410.4 Adjectives I An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun by limiting its meaning. quiet song two dollars that house baby turtles Korean cooking these shoes blue sky official documents few people windy day every student any problems An adjective’s position in relation to the word it modifies may vary. How green the leaves are! The green leaves shook in the breeze. The leaves are green. Sunlight makes the leaves green. The leaves, green as emeralds, shook in the breeze. Green as emeralds, the leaves shook in the breeze. Exercise 38 Identifying Adjectives On your paper, write the adjectives in each sentence. Next to each adjective, write the word it modifies. Do not count the words a, an, and the. Helen Keller and Her Teacher, Anne Sullivan 1. She was born a normal child, but Helen Keller suffered a serious illness when she was nineteen months of age. Parts of Speech Parts 2. After the unknown illness, no one was able to communicate a clear message to Helen because she was now deaf and blind. 3. The physical body continued to develop normally; however, because she needed lan- guage in order to learn, the mind did not grow strong. 4. The Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston helped the parents with a difficult problem. 5. The Institution sent a recent graduate, Anne Sullivan, to educate Helen. Exercise 39 Using Adjectives in Sentences On your paper, write an adjective that will complete each of the sentences. 1. How ___________ the waves were at the beach last night! 2. Today the ocean, _______ as the sky, appears to have lost its fury. 3. The _______ winds blew the sand into dunes along the fence. 4. As rain falls throughout the day, the beach becomes ______. 5. Sun worshipers flock back to the _________ shore the moment the clouds depart. 456 Unit 10 Parts of Speech Possessive Nouns and Pronouns as Adjectives Possessive pronouns—such as my, our, and your— function as adjectives because they modify nouns in addition to serving as pronouns: my dog, our dream, your accomplishments. Similarly, possessive nouns function as adjectives: Tanya’s vacation. Exercise 40 Identifying Possessive Nouns and Pronouns as Adjectives On your paper, list each possessive noun or pronoun that is used as an adjective. Then identify the word it modifies. 1. Sarah reluctantly turned in her math homework, which wasn’t very legible on its crumpled paper. 2. Sarah realized her work was unacceptable and hoped Mrs. Ono would give her a chance to redo it. 3. Mrs. Ono reviewed Sarah’s homework and then took two books off the shelf to examine their contents. 4. After Mrs. Ono found a new math exercise, she asked Sarah, “Will you give this your best effort?” 5. Thankful for the second chance, Sarah replied, “This time I’m sure my work will meet your expectations.” 6. Sarah went home with her friend Emily, took out the math book, borrowed Emily’s of Speech Parts pencil, and started working. 7. She studied the new assignment, examining the problems and thinking about their solutions. 8. Within an hour, Sarah completed the evening’s homework. 9. Sarah reviewed her calculations and carefully checked their accuracy. 10. Sarah looked forward to Mrs. Ono’s reaction during Friday’s class. Exercise 41 Using Adjectives For each blank, write an example of the type of adjective indicated in the parentheses. 1. ________ contestants (adjective that describes how many) 2. ________ pets (possessive noun used as an adjective) 3. ________ furniture (possessive pronoun used as an adjective) 4. ________ performance (adjective that describes what kind) 5. ________ traffic (adjective that tells which “traffic”) 6. ________ vehicle (possessive noun used as an adjective) 7. ________ appointment (possessive pronoun used as an adjective) 8. ________ clients (adjective that describes how many) 9. ________ weather (adjective that describes what kind) 10. ________ briefcase (possessive noun used as an adjective) 10.4 Adjectives 457 Adjectives That Compare Many adjectives have different forms to indicate their degree of comparison. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE fast faster fastest happy happier happiest beautiful more beautiful most beautiful good better best bad worse worst sad sadder saddest fine finer finest large larger largest Exercise 42 Identifying Adjective Forms On your paper, write the adjective of comparison in each sentence. Label each adjective comparative or superlative. 1. Selling a home is often more inconvenient than buying a home. 2. Because of the emotional ties inherent in home ownership, every homeowner believes his or her domicile is the best. 3. Although there are many decisions to be made when selling your home, the most diffi- cult task is deciding on a fair price. 4. A buyer is more suspicious of an inflated price when the home is in disrepair. 5. The worst part of selling is having to allow strangers to roam through your home. Exercise 43 Finding Adjectives Parts of Speech Parts On your paper, list the twenty adjectives in the following passage. Count possessive nouns and pronouns as adjectives in this exercise, but do not count the words a, an, and the. Literature: Rainy Mountain 1A single knoll rises out of the plain in Oklahoma, north and west of the Wichita Range. 2For my people, the Kiowas, it is an old landmark, and they gave it the name Rainy Mountain. 3The hardest weather in the world is there. 4Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edge. 5The grass turns brittle and brown, and it cracks beneath your feet. 6There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, linear groves of hickory and pecan, willow and witch hazel. 7At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost to writhe in fire. 8Great green and yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting the flesh, and tortoises crawl about on the red earth, going nowhere in the plenty of time. 9Loneliness is an aspect of the land.... 10To look upon the landscape in the early morning, with the sun at your back, is to lose the sense of proportion. From The Way to Rainy Mountain by N. Scott Momaday 458 Unit 10 Parts of Speech Articles I Articles are the adjectives a, an, and the. A and an are called indefinite arti- cles. The is called a definite article. INDEFINITE I wrote a poem. Luisa wrote an essay. DEFINITE I wrote the poem. Luisa wrote the essay. Proper Adjectives I A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun and begins with a capital letter. Federico García Lorca was a Spanish writer. They believe in the Jeffersonian ideals of democracy. Russian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet. The suffixes -an, -ian, -n, -ese, and -ish, along with others, are often used to create proper adjectives. Check the spelling in a dictionary. PROPER NOUNS PROPER ADJECTIVES Augustus Caesar Augustan Brazil Brazilian of Speech Parts America American China Chinese Finland Finnish Greece Greek Hercules Herculean England English Exercise 44 Using Articles in Sentences For each blank, write an article and label it indefinite or definite. Dr. Martin Luther King, Pacifist 1. Although many disagreed with him, Dr. Martin Luther King believed nonviolence was ____ best way to achieve his goal. 2. King knew this approach would be difficult, but he did not believe in taking ____ easy way out. 3. In April 1963, Dr. King led _____ series of civil rights marches in Birmingham, Alabama. 4. The purpose of ______ marches was to make Americans aware of the problems that faced African American and other minorities. 5. History was made as Dr. King led his people to freedom and simultaneously became famous around ______ world. 10.4 Adjectives 459 Exercise 45 Forming Proper Adjectives Write a proper adjective formed from each of the following proper nouns. Consult a dic- tionary if you need help. 1. India 6. Nigeria 2. Laos 7. Chile 3. Albert Einstein 8. Japan 4. Norway 9. Bali 5. Scotland 10. Peru Exercise 46 Creating Paragraphs with Adjectives Write a paragraph about a place you have always wanted to visit. Describe the place as vividly as you can. Use a variety of adjectives, including those that describe, classify, identify, and qualify. Exercise 47 Review: Possessive Nouns and Pronouns Used as Adjectives On your paper, write a sentence using each of the following possessive nouns and pro- nouns as an adjective. Underline the noun or pronoun that each adjective modifies. 1. my 6. their 11. the Smiths’ 2. the dog’s 7. the school’s 12. the operator’s 3. Korea’s 8. our 13. California’s 4. his 9. its 14. her 5. your 10. the family’s 15. the visitors’ Parts of Speech Parts Exercise 48 Review: Adjectives of Comparison For each blank write an adjective in the form of the comparison indicated in parentheses. SAMPLE _________ newspaper (comparative adjective that uses the word more) ANSWER more popular newspaper 1. ______________ people (comparative adjective that uses the word more) 2. ______________ program (superlative adjective ending in -est) 3. ______________ manager (positive adjective ending in -y) 4. ______________ recommendation (comparative adjective ending in -er) 5. ______________ situation (any positive adjective) 6. ______________ computer (comparative adjective that uses the word more) 7. ______________ voyage (superlative adjective that uses the word most) 8. ______________ representative (comparative adjective that uses the word more) 9. ______________ crime (superlative adjective that ends in -est) 10. ______________ incident (superlative adjective that uses the word most) 460 Unit 10 Parts of Speech Exercise 49 Review: Adjectives On your paper, write the twenty adjectives, including articles, that appear in the follow- ing paragraph.
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