2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

2007 Vegetation Monitoring - Swan Coastal Plain (Bunbury, Busselton-Capel Groundwater Areas)

A Report to the DoW R. Loomes, J. Wilson & R. Froend

Centre for Ecosystem Management ECU Joondalup CEM report no. 2007- 15

February 2008

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Table of Contents

SUMMARY ...... 3 PROJECT CONTEXT ...... 4 PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAM...... 5 BACKGROUND...... 5 MONITORING OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES ...... 6 PARAMETERS ...... 10 MONITORING FREQUENCY AND APPROACH ...... 15 Transect establishment ...... 15 Baseline Monitoring ...... 15 TRIGGER LEVELS...... 17 REPORTING ...... 19 2007 VEGETATION MONITORING & HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS...... 20 APPROACH ...... 20 RESULTS ...... 20 DISCUSSION ...... 71 CONCLUSION...... 72 APPENDICES ...... 73 APPENDIX 1: OVERSTOREY DATA...... 73 APPENDIX 2: UNDERSTOREY SPECIES DATA ...... 105 REFERENCES...... 124

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Summary

The Department of Water is undertaking groundwater allocation planning work in the Busselton-Capel and Bunbury groundwater areas. As part of the allocation process, the groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) of high ecological and social value have been identified and work undertaken to establish vegetation monitoring transects and groundwater bores to support the future development of ecological water requirements (EWRs). The 2007 report is divided into two sections. The first outlines a proposed monitoring program, the second presents the results of the second round of annual monitoring.

The monitoring program incorporates the following: • Monitoring objectives and the hypotheses being tested; • Rationalization of parameters to be measured as indicators of wetland and terrestrial vegetation health; • Monitoring approach and frequency; • Vegetation condition trigger values; and • Reporting.

The program will be further developed during 2008 in consultation with DoW staff. The chief focus will be the determination of ecological and hydrological trigger levels and refinement of the current monitoring and reporting approach.

Baseline monitoring was undertaken in spring 2006. Field methods were designed to capture measurements relevant to all parameters outlined in the monitoring program. The second round of monitoring occurred in late spring 2007.

Results of the 2007 vegetation monitoring indicated that although a general decline in mean tree health was noted across the majority of transects the greatest decline occurred at Hay Park which had experienced a fire during 2007. Marked improvement in canopy condition was noted at Manea Park and Spanish Settlers Reserve which continued to recover from 2006 fires.

Changes were also noted in exotic species richness however, this appeared to mostly relate to fires and/ or seasonal variations in the presence/ absence of annual species. A similar finding was recorded for overall composition change.

At this stage there is insufficient water level data to support any relationship between changes in water regime and vegetation condition. Therefore it is not possible to reject or accept of any of the hypotheses postulated within the monitoring program.

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Project Context

The Department of Water is undertaking groundwater allocation planning work in the Busselton-Capel and Bunbury groundwater areas. As part of the allocation process, the groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) of high ecological and social value have been identified and work undertaken to establish vegetation monitoring transects and groundwater bores to support the future development of ecological water requirements (EWRs).

During 2006, 15 transects were established in 14 locations supporting intact wetland or phreatophytic vegetation on the southern Swan Coastal Plain (Loomes, Ogden and Froend, 2006). The aim of monitoring is to provide a greater understanding of whether groundwater quality, groundwater abstraction and climatic impacts are having an impact on GDEs. Groundwater monitoring bores have been established at each transect.

The tasks associated with this project are: • Development of a vegetation monitoring program for established transects. • Conduct monitoring at existing transects. • Report on the monitoring results.

Under a separate contract a transect established within the Ruabon Nature Reserve and deemed inaccessible to bore contractors, was replaced and baseline monitoring undertaken.

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Proposed Monitoring Program

Background The National Framework for the Management and Monitoring of Australia’s Native Vegetation defined monitoring as ‘sampling and analysis designed to ascertain the extent of compliance with a predetermined standard or the degree of deviation from an accepted norm’ (Department of Environment and Heritage, 2000). The Framework further states that ‘the development of a monitoring program should be an iterative process that establishes feedback between management planning and its consequences’.

This section of the report proposes a vegetation monitoring program for the 15 identified ‘criteria sites’. The program incorporates the following: • Monitoring objectives and the hypotheses being tested; • Rationalization of parameters to be measured as indicators of wetland and terrestrial vegetation health; • Monitoring approach and frequency; • Vegetation condition trigger values; and • Reporting.

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Monitoring Objectives and Hypotheses Monitoring is underpinned by the assumption that there is a specific objective for the collection of data (Finlayson & Mitchell, 1999). Without objectives, the success or otherwise of a policy or plan cannot be assessed and conflict may arise between groups that have different expectations regarding outcomes (Adam, 1998). The very design of a monitoring program should be led by the objectives as they will influence the variables chosen as indicators of ecosystem health, the spatial and temporal scales of monitoring, as well as the management response to monitoring outcomes (Downes et al., 2002; Pettit, 1997).

Monitoring objectives should reflect the ecological values of a GDE thereby allowing monitoring to focus on the important ecological characteristics of each site. Objectives should be clearly stated and presented as hypotheses, which can be subsequently tested and the information assessed and fed back into the management process (Finlayson & Mitchell, 1999). In turn, hypotheses should relate the loss of environmental values of a specific ecosystem to the groundwater regime and incorporate monitoring variables or parameters as compliance criteria.

The ecological values of the 15 monitored criteria sites were determined through searches of CALM Rare Flora and Threatened Ecological Communities databases, review of published and grey literature and baseline monitoring undertaken in 2006 (Table 1). Although ecological values of GDEs generally encompass biotic, functional and land/ waterscape values (Horwitz & Rogan, 2003), as this study focused on vegetation monitoring, only biotic values related to vegetation were considered. Key ecological values were considered in the formulation of monitoring objectives and hypotheses then derived from these (Table 1). Although it was possible to develop hypotheses for each monitoring objective, it was more expedient to develop fewer, more inclusive hypotheses for each criteria site.

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Table 1: Ecological values, management objectives and hypotheses for 15 vegetation criteria sites. Ecological values are based on CALM database searches, literature and baseline monitoring results (TEC – threatened ecological community, DRF – Declared Rare Flora, P flora – Priority Flora). Site name/ Ecological values Management objectives Hypotheses “increasing depth to groundwater will type result in…” Vasse- - TEC (SCP1b), DRF, P flora - Protect threatened vegetation community and -..a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat Yallingup - Corymbia calophylla woodland with Melaleuca rare flora value Siding preissiana wetland - Maintain structure and distribution of -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - Wetland/ - High species richness with high proportion of vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and terrestrial endemics - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of C. calophylla dominated woodland - Canopy condition ranges from poor to good - Prevent weed invasion -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition condition of M. preissiana dominated vegetation Locke NR - Important remnant and fauna habitat - Conserve existing fringing woodlands -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Wetland - Melaleuca/ Agonis flexuosa woodland fringing - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland condition of Melaleuca/ A. flexuosa dominated halophytic wetland vegetation fringing vegetation - Species poor with low proportion of endemics - Reduce weed invasion -.. increased abundance of exotic species - Canopy condition ranges from poor to good - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition Taylors NR - TEC (SCP1b, SCP10b, SCP10a), DRF, P flora - Protect threatened vegetation communities and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat - Wetland - M. preissiana woodland fringing shrub rare flora value dominated wetland - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - Moderate to high species richness with high vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and proportion of endemics - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of M. preissiana dominated wetland - Canopy condition ranges from poor to good - Prevent weed invasion vegetation - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition Taylors NR - TEC, DRF, P flora - Protect threatened vegetation community and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat - Terrestrial - C. calophylla/ Eucalyptus marginata woodland rare flora value - Moderate to high species richness with high - Maintain structure and distribution of -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity proportion of endemics terrestrial vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Canopy condition ranges from poor to good - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of C. calophylla/ E. marginata dominated - Prevent weed invasion woodland - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition Ambergate - TEC (SCP07, SCP1b, SCP02), DRF, P flora, - Protect threatened vegetation communities and -.. a decline in habitat values Reserve endangered fauna rare flora -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - Wetland - Supports variety of vegetation types including - Maintain species richness and diversity -.. a change in the composition, distribution and wetland shrubs - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland condition of fringing vegetation - Educational values vegetation - High species richness with high proportion of - Prevent weed invasion endemics - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition - Canopy condition ranges from poor to good

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Spanish - TEC (SCP07, SCP1b, SCP02), P flora - Protect threatened vegetation communities and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat Settlers - Remnant C. calophylla woodland and M. rare flora value Reserve preissiana wetland - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - Wetland/ - Recently burnt vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and terrestrial - Moderate species richness with moderate - Enhance species richness and diversity condition of C. calophylla dominated woodland proportion of endemics - Reduce weed invasion and M. preissiana wetland vegetation - Canopy condition ranges from poor to moderate - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition -.. increased abundance of exotics Ruabon - TEC (SCP07), DRF, P flora - Protect threatened vegetation community and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat Reserve - C. calophylla/ Banksia woodland and M. rare flora value - Wetland rhaphiophylla wetland - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - 1 of 2 remaining veg. corridors on eastern side of vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and SCP - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of C. calophylla/ Banksia woodland - Moderate to high species richness with high - Prevent weed invasion -.. a change in the structure, distribution and proportion of endemics - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition condition of M. rhaphiophylla dominated wetland - Canopy condition ranges from poor to good vegetation Tutunup - TEC (SCP10b), DRF, P flora - Protect threatened vegetation community and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat TEC - Mixed shrub/ sedge community with E. rudis rare flora value - Terrestrial - Highly threatened Ironstone TEC - Maintain structure and distribution of -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - Moderate species richness with high proportion vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and of endemics - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of ironstone community vegetation - Canopy in good condition - Prevent weed invasion - Maintain canopy condition Ludlow Rail - High species richness with high proportion of - Maintain structure and distribution of -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity Reserve endemics vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Wetland - Mixed woodland/ wetland - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of mixed woodland/ wetland vegetation - High diversity of overstorey species - Prevent weed invasion - Canopy condition ranges from poor to good - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition Capel Nature - TEC (SCP1b), DRF, P flora - Protect threatened vegetation community and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat Reserve - Mixed woodland/ wetland rare flora value -Wetland/ - Moderate species richness with high proportion - Maintain structure and distribution of -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity terrestrial of endemics vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - High diversity of overstorey species - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of mixed woodland/ wetland vegetation - Canopy in moderate to good condition - Prevent weed invasion - Maintain canopy condition Harewoods - Moderate species richness with high proportion - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity Rd of endemics vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Wetland - M preissiana/ Banksia littoralis wetland - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of mixed M. preissiana/ B. littoralis - High diversity of overstorey species - Prevent weed invasion wetland vegetation - Canopy in moderate to good condition - Maintain canopy condition

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Franklandia - TEC (SCP1b), P flora - Protect threatened vegetation community and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat NR - M preissiana/ B. littoralis wetland rare flora value - Wetland - Moderate species richness with high proportion - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in sedge species richness and diversity of endemics vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Sedge species dominant in understorey - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of mixed M. preissiana/ B. littoralis - Canopy in moderate to good condition - Prevent weed invasion wetland vegetation - Maintain canopy condition Manea Park - TEC (SCP07, SCP09), P flora - Protect threatened vegetation community and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat - Wetland - M rhaphiophylla/ B littoralis wetland rare flora value - Moderate species richness with moderate - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity proportion of endemics vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Canopy in poor to moderate condition - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of mixed M. rhaphiophylla/ B. littoralis - Reduce weed invasion wetland vegetation - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition -.. increased abundance of exotic species Hay Park - TEC (SCP08, SCP18), P flora - Protect threatened vegetation communities and -.. a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat - Wetland - M rhaphiophylla/ M. preissiana/ B littoralis priority flora value wetland - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - Moderate species richness with high proportion vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and of endemics - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of mixed M. rhaphiophylla/ M. - Canopy in good condition - Prevent weed invasion preissiana/ B. littoralis wetland vegetation - Maintain canopy condition

Kemerton - P flora - Protect Priority flora -.. a decline in threatened taxa habitat value buffer zone - M. preissiana over mixed shrub dominated - Maintain structure and distribution of wetland -.. a decline in phreatic species richness and diversity - Wetland wetland vegetation -.. a change in the composition, distribution and - Moderate species richness and moderate - Maintain species richness and diversity condition of mixed M. preissiana wetland proportion of endemics - Reduce weed invasion vegetation - Canopy in poor to good condition - Maintain and/or enhance canopy condition -.. increased abundance of exotic species

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Parameters The relationships between the water regime and biological components of an ecosystem need to be understood in relation to make predictions about the impact of a modified water regime. Specific environmental and biological indicators should be incorporated into a monitoring program to alert management to undesirable impacts from groundwater decline. The selection of both relevant and specific indicators has been identified as the most difficult stage in devising a monitoring program (Hart, 1980). Due to the complex nature of ecosystem and groundwater interactions, it is uncommon for a single parameter (or even several) to completely define the status of a system (Hart, 1980). However, as it is impractical to monitor a multitude of parameters, it is better to monitor a small number of key elements correctly than a greater number of elements with less precision.

There are several criteria required to decide which indicators/ parameters to measure, including traits that;

(1) Have a defined relationship with groundwater levels. There needs to be confidence that a measured response within a parameter reflects altered groundwater levels rather than other abiotic/ biotic factors;

(2) Characterise risk to the environment Parameters should identify, where possible, whether impacts to environmental values are short-term or long-term, reversible or irreversible and/or minor or major;

(3) Are cost-effective and practical Parameters should be inexpensive enough to measure. However, remote sensing of phreatophytic vegetation health could be considered if the assessment of landscape responses by GDEs is required;

(4) Have early warning capabilities The lead-time (a measure of how long it takes between the time at which a parameter indicates there is likely to be a change within an attribute, to the time that actual change occurs) should be sufficiently long to provide the opportunity to implement an appropriate management response. Generally the better the warning (the longer the period between potential change and actual change) the lower the accuracy of the parameter in portraying a response specific to a given stressor (i.e. depressed groundwater levels). A balance between these characteristics (lead-time and accuracy) should be considered to provide the most appropriate and cost-effective parameters;

(5) Consider the ‘lag’ effects between changed groundwater levels and environmental condition and/or health Response of vegetation parameters influenced by changed groundwater levels can take a long time to become manifest and further reductions may occur before impacts of previous changes are realized. Consequently, parameters with rapid responses are favoured, as they provide advanced warning of significant stress or degradation on the system, as well as providing the opportunity to determine whether intervention or further investigation is required; however, some GDE values may have to be measured through parameters with a greater ‘lag’ time.

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The population dynamics of appropriate indicator species can be used to reflect the health and condition of phreatophytic vegetation. Overstorey species are suitable as indicators as they are not only used to define vegetative communities, but also provide many important ecological functions (Pettit, 1997). As trees tend to persist in highly disturbed plant communities when most other natives disappear, implying a greater lag response to altered water regimes, they are often better suited as long-term indicators of vegetation health (Froend, Loomes, & Rogan, 2005). Other life-forms, including shrubs and emergent macrophytes (sedges and rushes), are more responsive to water regime change. Emergent macrophytes are highly responsive to inter-annual variability in surface water levels and as such are suitable as short-term indicators of wetland health (Pettit, 1997). As high levels of weed invasion are reflective of changes to community structure, which in turn may be a result of changes within the water regime, and given that weed species are generally quick to colonise disturbed areas, they too can be used as short-term indicators of vegetation health (Froend et al., 2005). Fire frequency is also important to consider when evaluating health indicators. Although not directly related to groundwater levels, fire can have a strong impact on the composition of vegetation and a confounding effect on other environmental factors, such as the water regime (McComb, 1987).

A number of biological characteristics can be measured to reflect the response of phreatophytic vegetation to groundwater availability. Firstly, the distribution of a community along a water availability gradient may change in response to an altered groundwater regime. Where groundwater levels decline, species diversity and composition will change as species more vulnerable to prolonged dry periods become locally extinct, while xerophytic species become dominant and weed invasion increases (Froend & Zencich, 2001). Declines in canopy condition, based on a number variables including canopy density, presence of dead branches and epicormic growth, will provide an indication of individual response to changed water regimes. Structural changes, namely age structure, may also be evident as water stressed trees begin to senesce (Froend & Zencich, 2001). Measuring the abundance, distribution, size and age structure, vigour and regenerational potential of drought sensitive indicator species will provide an indication of changes in groundwater availability (Froend & Zencich, 2001).

Parameters with which the above indicators can be measured include:

• Species diversity; • Species cover and abundance of indicator plant species; • Species evenness over time (using the Shannon-Weiner index (Kent and Coker 1992)); • Weediness index overtime; • Regeneration index over time (divide number of seedlings in the plot by the number of trees plus one, in the plot to give an indication of the health of wetland vegetation); • Mortality of overstorey species; • Canopy fullness/density of indicator species (e.g. Overstorey species) to give an indication of the health of wetland vegetation (using the crown assessment procedure as outlined in (Ladd, 1996)); • Community distribution/zonation change along a gradient (to give indication of groundwater availability gradient as specific species are associated with specific depth to groundwater ranges (Loomes, 2000)). • Age structure (dbh) of an overstorey species population.

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• Canopy condition of overstorey species (3 part scale based on canopy density, presence of dead branches and epicormic growth).

All above indicators can be assessed over-time to provide a measure of change in the health and condition of groundwater dependent vegetation at the ‘criteria sites’ in response to water regime change.

When monitoring vegetation it is important to measure environmental variables that will influence vegetation communities, namely:

• Groundwater levels and fluctuating water regimes (duration of wet/dry phases, seasonality etc); • Water quality (nutrient concentrations, salinity, toxicants); • Soil water retention capacity and soil stratigraphy (water retention layers); • Climatic information (rainfall and maximum temperatures during summer/early autumn); • Frequency of fire disturbance (measured by recording the presence or absence of fire ephemeral native legumes). Although water quality and soil water retention are important indicators of the vegetation/ groundwater interaction, they have not been incorporated into the current monitoring program primarily due to cost restrictions.

The relationship between recommended monitoring parameters and the parameter criteria are outlined in Table 2.

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Table 2: Relationship of monitoring parameters to parameter criteria. GDE Component ‘Lag’ effect Relationship with Risks to environment characterised Cost- Early warning Monitoring parameter GW levels effectiveness capabilities

VEGETATION species diversity relatively long to very long partly related to long-term, reversible, minor to major impact high low strongly related species cover and abundance relatively long to very long partly related to long-term, reversible, minor to major impact high low strongly related species evenness relatively long to very long partly related long-term, reversible, minor to major impact high low weediness index relatively short to relatively long partly related short-term to long-term, reversible*, major high low impact regeneration index relatively short to relatively long partly related short-term to long-term, reversible*, major high low to high impact canopy fullness/ density of relatively short to relatively long partly related long-term, reversible, major impact high low to high indicator species community distribution/zonation or relatively short to very long partly related to short-term to long-term, reversible*, major high low to high distribution change strongly related impact canopy health annual species: very short to relatively strongly related annual species: short-term, reversible, minor high annual species: high short perennial/tree species: relatively impacts perennial/tree species: short-term to perennial/tree long to very long long-term, reversible*, minor to major species: low impacts

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS groundwater levels very short to relatively short directly related short-term to long-term, reversible, minor to high high major impact water quality relatively short strongly related short-term to long-term, reversible, minor to high low to high major impact soil moisture relatively short strongly related short-term to long-term, reversible to low to high low irreversible, minor to major impact climatic information (particularly relatively short to very long strongly related short-term to long-term, reversible to low to high high rainfall) irreversible, minor to major impact records of past fire events na indirectly related short-term to long-term, reversible to low to high na irreversible, minor to major impact

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As stated previously, monitoring parameters should relate directly to hypotheses. Parameters that best address each of the hypotheses in the previous section (Table 1) are outlined in Table 3.

Table 3: Hypotheses and relevant monitoring parameters

Hypotheses Monitoring parameters ….a decline in threatened community/ taxa habitat value of… - regeneration index - community distribution/ zonation - age structure - mortality …a decline in species richness and diversity - species richness - species diversity - species eveness - mortality …a change in the composition, distribution and condition of… - species diversity - species cover and abundance - species eveness - species distribution - canopy health - regeneration index - canopy fullness - mortality …increased abundance of exotic species - weediness index

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Monitoring Frequency and Approach Vegetation monitoring is generally undertaken in spring as this season represents the peak flowering period of south-west flora facilitating species identification. Ephemeral and annual species are also most abundant following winter rains. Spring monitoring therefore provides the best opportunity to sample the greatest range of representative vegetation. Annual spring monitoring allows direct comparison of changes in vegetation condition, diversity and structure.

As baseline data is currently limited to only 2 monitoring rounds, it is suggested that at least another one or two consecutive year’s data are collected. Once temporally meaningful baseline data are available, monitoring could be undertaken at 2-3 year intervals depending on any changes in water regimes related to annual rainfall and/ or groundwater abstraction. It may also be feasible to ‘stagger’ monitoring, sampling 50% of sites one year and the remaining 50% the next.

Transect establishment The primary technique for monitoring vegetation has been the use of quantitative ground surveys undertaken using various standard plant ecology techniques including the use of belt or line transects or various sized quadrats (Kent & Coker, 1992). Transects are particularly useful for measuring changes in vegetation along a gradient in water regime or soil moisture content (Froend, Farrell, Wilkins, Wilson, & McComb, 1993). Quadrat or plot size along a transect will depend on the type of vegetation to be monitored, making it possible to imbed smaller plots for herbaceous or understorey layers in larger overstorey plots. Where possible, transects should be permanent to allow long-term trends in vegetation health and changes in species distribution and cover to be distinguished from year to year variations dependent on short term climatic variability (Pettit, 1997). Well marked and precisely recorded plots allow accurate re-assessment on subsequent monitoring rounds.

The approach described here was applied in the establishment of transects at each of the 15 vegetation criteria sites during autumn 2006. At each site a 20 m wide, belt-transect comprising contiguous 20 x 20 m overstorey plots was established and marked with galvanised steel posts. GPS co-ordinates were recorded at each end of the transect. Transects were generally 80 m in length and encapsulated areas representative of both upland/ terrestrial and/ or wetland vegetation. Within each overstorey plot, two 5 x 5 m sub-plots were established for assessment of understorey plants. Sub-plots were located in the bottom right and top left-hand corners of each 20 x 20 m plot (Figure 1).

Plot D Plot C Plot B Plot A 5m Sub-plots 20m 20m Figure 1: Standard set-up of sub-plots on monitoring transects at wetland and terrestrial sites.

Baseline Monitoring Baseline monitoring was undertaken in spring 2006. Field methods were designed to capture measurements relevant to all parameters outlined in the previous section.

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Within each 20 x 20 m quadrat, all trees were tagged at breast height (approx. 1.5 M) with a numbered galvanised tag to ensure the same trees are assessed each year. For each tree within each plot the species, diameter at tag height and crown condition was recorded. In the case of individual tree with multiple stem, all stems were measured at the same height as the position of the tag or at breast height. In addition to tracking growth and vigour of trees in the future, stem diameters also permit size class analysis of populations. Crown assessments were carried out using a subjective three part scale where a score was recorded for crown density, dead branches and epicormic growth. Using diagrams for comparison, a score was given for each component (9, 7, 5, 3, 1 for crown density and dead branches and 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 for epicormic growth) (Ladd, 1996) and these scores totalled to give a health assessment score for each tree. This technique is used in preference to the three part scale of Ladd (1996) which does not translate well to shrubs, herbs, grasses or sedges. Tree health or canopy condition was described as poor (1-5), moderate (6-11) or good (12-17) or very good (18-23).

Within each 5 x 5 m plot all species were identified and their cover estimated using the Domin-Krajina scale of cover and abundance (Kent & Coker, 1992). This technique allows comparison of changes in the relative importance of individual species within each plot over time. It also provides information on changes in community structure and species richness, diversity and distribution over time. To provide an indication of weed invasion and changes over time a weediness index was calculated for each plot using the following formula; cover of exotic species + number of exotic species cover of native species number of native species

To date the current water regimes experienced by key species have not been determined however, it is recommended that this be undertaken as part of the monitoring program. This can be achieved by relating surface and /or groundwater levels to the distribution of key species across the length of each transect. In the field, this entails the measurement of elevational ranges of key understorey and overstorey species for comparison to water levels recorded at nearby bores/ piezometers or staff gauges.

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Trigger levels Trigger levels provide a reference point, or particular value, which prompt a management response to impacts detected through monitoring (Eamus, Froend, Loomes, Hose, & Murray, 2006). They can relate to environmental conditions (eg. rainfall) or to measures of ecosystem health (eg. canopy condition). To be effective trigger levels should alert natural resource managers at a point prior to ecosystem impact occurring and provide adequate opportunity for management response (Froend & Loomes, 2007). The response will vary depending on the nature of the breach and the management objectives (Eamus et al., 2006).

For each monitoring parameter trigger levels should be determined, which represent the ‘limits of acceptable change’, or degree to which a GDE may be altered from its ‘natural’ state as a result of groundwater drawdown, that is acceptable within the community. Deviance from this reference point, outside the limits of acceptable change, triggers management action (Jamieson & O'Boyle, 2001). Trigger levels must be clearly defined prior to the commencement of monitoring, as one of the purposes of monitoring itself is to assess whether the chosen variables are being measured within the limits of the regulatory criteria (the limits of acceptable change) (Downes et al., 2002).

The table below (Table 4) was adapted from ‘Perth’s Coastal Waters – Environmental Values and Objectives’ (Environmental Protection Authority, 2000) and modified by Froend and Loomes (2004). It identifies key measures/ parameters of vegetation ecosystem health and describes the degree of change acceptable under differing ‘risk of impact’ levels. As the definition of Ecological Water Requirements (EWR) is ‘..water requirements to sustain the ecological values of water dependent individuals, populations and communities at a low level of risk’, the degree of change should ideally not exceed no measurable change (Table 4). However, as a low level of risk equates to no measurable change in any parameter, a moderate level of risk may provide more realistic trigger levels.

Environmental triggers of greatest relevance to phreatophytic vegetation are groundwater levels and rainfall. An assessment of previous winter recharge, considering rainfall and water table recharge should be undertaken prior to each summer/ autumn drying phase. Winter rainfall falling below 60% of the mean has been shown to be an effective early warning of impending impacts on vegetation condition (Froend & Loomes, 2007). Low groundwater recharge can be identified using bore hydrographs. Ideally bores should be established at each criteria site and monitored monthly during the winter/ spring period and fortnightly during summer/ autumn. As the majority of bores were established during 2007, only limited data are available and it is therefore not possible to determine groundwater level triggers at this time.

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Table 4: Limits of acceptable change to wetland and terrestrial vegetation under differing risk of impact levels.

Wetlands Risk of impact level and associated limit of acceptable change in key vegetation parameters/ measures Low Moderate High Severe (no measurable (small change) (moderate change) (large change) change) Species No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable Significant change in composition in species composition establishment of exotic encroachment of xeric dominant populations with species as result of species into wetland terrestrialisation through disturbance and/or encroachment of xeric drying species Species distribution No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable contraction Greater than 50% reduction in distribution of changing distribution of wetland through in abundance of dominant species with disturbance and/or changing demographics species and /or significance drying allowing of more than one change in dominant establishment of exotic species, with populations, with species encroachment of xeric terrestrialisation through species into the wetland encroachment of xeric species Species mortality No measurable Some mortality of Greater than 15% Greater than 50% reduction mortality individuals reduction in abundance in abundance of dominant of dominant species species Species richness No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable decline in Significant change in in species richness decline in richness of richness of wetland richness of wetland species wetland species species and/or increase and replacement by xeric xeric species richness species Vegetation density/ No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable crown Substantial crown dieback cover and in density, cover and reduced growth in dieback in overstorey in overstorey species and abundance abundance overstorey and/or species and/or reduction loss of density and cover in understorey species in cover of understorey understorey Vegetation height No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable reductions Significant reductions in and diameter in vegetation height change in height due to in height due to loss of height due to loss of canopy and diameter loss of vigour and/or canopy and/or reduced and reduced diameter of thinning of canopy diameter of adult stems adult stems Terrestrial phreatophytic vegetation Species No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable signs of Loss of less drought composition in species composition encroachment of more encroachment of more tolerant species, with drought tolerant species drought tolerant species establishment of exotic species and gradual dominance by more drought tolerant species Species distribution No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable change in Overstorey and understorey in distribution of changing distribution demographics of some decline and/or loss of terrestrial and encroachment of species with species. Greater than 50% phreatophytic species more drought tolerant encroachment of more reduction in abundance of (not measurable in species into areas drought tolerant species dominant populations past 20 years) previously dominated into areas previously and/or disturbance allowing by less drought tolerant dominated by less establishment of exotic species drought tolerant species species Species mortality No measurable Some mortality of Greater than 15% Greater than 50% reduction mortality individuals reduction in abundance in abundance of dominant of dominant species species Species richness No measurable Some evidence of Measurable decline in Significant change in changes in species decline in richness of richness of less drought richness of less drought richness less drought tolerant tolerant species and/or tolerant species and species increase xeric species replacement by more xeric richness species Vegetation density/ No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable crown Substantial crown dieback cover and in density, cover and reduced growth in dieback in overstorey in overstorey species and abundance abundance overstorey and/or and/or reduction in loss of density and cover in understorey species cover of understorey understorey Vegetation height No measurable change Some evidence of Measurable reductions Significant reductions in and diameter in vegetation height change in height due to in height due to loss of height due to loss of canopy and diameter loss of vigour and/or canopy and/or reduced and reduced diameter of thinning of canopy diameter of adult stems adult stems

Centre for Ecosystem Management 18 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Reporting The clear and concise presentation of monitoring results is a critical component of a monitoring program (Environmental Protection Authority, 2007) facilitating feedback loops between monitoring and management. The current monitoring generated a vast amount of data and, although all results are presented and discussed in detail, a summary providing an overview of key findings precedes the body of the report.

Under the current monitoring program it was recommended that the following factors be examined and discussed to assess the relationship between any changes observed in wetland vegetation condition and composition over time and changes in hydrology and external influences; • Degree and extent of vegetation response: o % change in tree canopy health o % change in the abundance of exotic species o Similarity in species composition between 2006 and 2007; • Hydrology: o Management trigger level (mAHD) o Magnitude and rate of water level change (m) 2006-2007 at criteria and control sites o Current summer groundwater level; • Recent fire/disturbance history; • Rainfall.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 19 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

2007 Vegetation Monitoring & Hydrological Conditions

Approach Vegetation monitoring methods followed those outlined in the previous section. Although monitoring bores were already in place at Tutunup, Ambergate and Ludlow, no groundwater monitoring had been undertaken at the remaining sites. Piezometers were therefore installed at unmonitored sites in early 2007.

Results Vegetation monitoring was undertaken over spring/ summer 2007 to capture the peak flowering period. Tables documenting the health and DBH measurements of dominant tree species and the cover and abundance values of all species within monitoring plots are presented in Appendices 1 and 2. Table 5 provides an overview of key findings. Although it is equally important to report on the hydrological conditions experienced at each site, it is not possible to comment on water level changes that may have occurred since the last assessment as piezometers have been installed for less than 12 months. However, graphs showing elevational gradients across monitoring transects and the minimum and maximum water levels recorded in 2007 are presented.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 20 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 5: Summary table of changes in vegetation (across entire transect), water levels and environmental factors. Sites Vegetation Fire 1Tree 2Inc 3Change Pre Post Current (07) 4Annual 4Annual 4Winter health exotics index 07 07 summer water Rainfall Evaporation rainfall level (m (mm) (mm) (June- AHD) October (mm) Vasse-Yallingup Siding -5.36 28.57 0.963 N N 10.79 850 1435 660 Locke Nature Reserve -11.62 28.57 0.875 N N -0.420 739 1457 582 Taylors NR – terrestrial -9.33 -25 0.869 N N - 897 1415 702 Taylors NR – wetland 0.14 50 0.882 N N 34.30 897 1415 702 Ambergate Reserve -0.08 -100 0.862 N N 17.10 791 1417 625 Spanish Settlers Reserve 227.21 -27.27 0.600 Y N - 835 1377 650 Ruabon Reserve n/a n/a n/a N N 17.41 703 1445 544 Tutunup TEC 1.12 66.67 0.852 N N 42.87 754 1437 541 Ludlow Rail Reserve -15.32 -14.29 0.807 N N 7.76 670 1467 517 Capel NR -17.69 100 0.863 N N 22.17 713 1462 543 Harewoods Rd -2.2 -42.86 0.804 N N 5.98 762 1543 576 Franklandia NR -14.31 -33.33 0.845 N N 23.50 811 1540 614 Manea Park 37.21 -16.67 0.869 Y N 13.40 791 1542 598 Hay Park -41.87 57.14 0.647 N Y 3.23 784 1562 590 Kemerton buffer zone -3.26 28.57 0.775 N N 7.80 768 1596 576 1% change in mean tree health/ canopy condition. 2% change in abundance of exotic species. 3Compositional similarity matrix. 4Sourced from SILO Data Drill

Centre for Ecosystem Management 21 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Vasse – Yallingup Siding

The transect as this site runs parallel to the road towards the northern boundary of the reserve. Eucalyptus marginata/ C. calophylla woodland dominates the transect, However, M. preissiana and B. littoralis also occur at lower elevations (Figure 2). The low understorey is dominated by terrestrial shrubs and herbs at higher elevations and sedge species in lower areas.

a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 2: Vasse-Yallingup vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m. Despite a general decline in mean health since the last assessment (Table 2) the condition of Melaleuca preissiana, Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla across the Vasse-Yallingup Siding transect remained good. The single Banksia littoralis, however improved in condition from moderate to very good, with a new seedling also noted (Table 6). The transect remained species rich and, although a greater number of exotic species were recorded (14 to 18 species), the weediness index remained very low across all eight sub-plots (Table 7). Species composition across the transect is 96% similar to that recorded in 2006.

The overstorey of plot A was dominated by a large number of small to moderate sized C. calophylla with a small number of E. marginata also recorded (Appendix 1.1). The canopy condition declined in both species with two C. calophylla dying during 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 7-23, mean 17.4; 2007: 0-23, mean 17.3, E. marginata – 2006: 17-19, mean 17.7; 2007 – 11-19, mean 15.7).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 22 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

The understorey of sub-plot A1 was still dominated by the native grass Cyathochaeta avenaceae with the shrubs Bossiaea ornata and Hibbertia hypericoides and the sedge Mesomelaena tetragona also still prevalent (Appendix 2.1). This plot remained species rich with 30 species recorded of which three were exotic, an increase of two since 2007 (Table 7). Two unidentified sedge species, H. hypericoides and the exotic herb, Hypochaeris glabra continued to dominate the understorey of sub-plot A2. The plot supported 27 species, six more than recorded in 2007. Only two exotics were recorded in both years.

A large number of small to large sized C. calophylla also formed the overstorey of Plot B along with a small number of E. marginata. The canopy condition of both species declined during 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 8-23, mean 18.5; 2007: 7-23, mean 18, E. marginata – 2006: 21-23, mean 19.7; 2007 – 13-23, mean 17.6). Hibbertia hypericoides remained dominant in the understorey of sub-plot B1 along with an unidentified sedge from Plot A2. Twenty seven species, including two exotics and one wetland species (Villarsia parnissifolia) were recorded in this sub-plot in 2006, 26 in 2007. B2 was dominated by two unidentified sedges and Patersonia umbrosa. A total of 25 terrestrial species were recorded in 2006 including one exotic. Twenty eight species, three of which were exotic, were identified in 2007.

Although small to moderate sized C. calophylla were also dominant in the overstorey of Plot C, fewer individuals were recorded. A small number of E. marginata were also present along with individual M. preissiana and B. littoralis. The mean canopy condition of all species, with the exception of B. littorals declined during 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 15-23, mean 20.2; 2007: 11-21, mean 19.5, E. marginata – 2006: 16-23, mean 19.5; 2007 – 13-21, mean 16.75; M. preissiana – 2006: 21; 2007: 17; B. littoralis – 2006: 12, 2007: 20).

Dasypogon bromeliifolius and Sollya heterophylla were the most prominent species in the understorey of sub-plot C1, in which a total of 32 native species were recorded in 2006, increasing to 36, including two exotics, in 2007. The understorey of sub-plot C2 was still dominated by M. tetragona, Xanthorrhoea preissii and a sedge. Eighteen species were recorded in 2006 increasing to 22 in 2007. Two exotics were recorded in both years.

The overstorey composition of Plot D was similar to Plot C. As was noted in other plots, the canopy condition declined during 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 7-23, mean 16.8; 2007: 7-21, mean 15.9, E. marginata – 2006: 21; 2007: 21; M. preissiana – 2006: 19-20, mean 19.2; 2007: 13-19, mean15.8). Twenty three species were identified in sub-plot D1 in 2006, increasing to 28 in 2007, including two exotics. Dasypogon bromeliifolius, M. tetragona and X. preissii were dominant in the understorey. Xanthorrhoea preissii was still the most abundant species recorded in D2. No exotics were identified in this plot in 2006, although two were recorded in 2007. Species richness increased from 17 to 20 in this time.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 3.09 m and minimum of 0.26m (Figure 3). Of note is the inundation of the second half of the transect during peak water levels.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 23 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 6: Vasse-Yallingup Siding - summary of transect data; diameter, health (canopy condition) and density of overstorey species (all plots are 20 x 20m). Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter E.m. 7.9-17.3 8.0 – 5.6-26 5.7 – 38 5.9-24 5.8-23.9 17.3-24.2 17-24.3 range2 17.3 C.c. <2 – <2 – 22.0 <2-72.8 <2 – 73.1 3.7-29.4 3.8- 29.7 3.1-47.4 3-48 21.7 M.p. - - - - 16-21.6 16-22 6.8 25 B.l. - - - - 7.7 <2-7.5 - - Health E.m. 17.7 15.7 19.7 17.6 19.5 16.75 21 21 Mean3 C.c. 17.4 17.3 18.5 18 20.2 19.5 16.8 15.9 M.p. - - - - 21 17 19.2 15.8 B.l. - - - - 12 20 - - Health E.m. 17-19 11-19 21-23 13-23 16-23 13-21 21 21 Range C.c. 7-23 0-23 8-23 7-23 15-23 11-21 7-23 7-21 M.p. - - - - 21 17 19-20 13-19 B.l. - - - - 23 19-21 - - Density4 E.m. 3 3 15 15 8 8 1 1 C.c. 93+8 91 (2) 46+40 46 15 15 27 28 M.p. - - - - 1 1 5 5 B.l. - - - - 1 1 + 1 - - seedling 1Overstorey species – C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; E.m. = Eucalyptus marginata; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; B.l.= Banksia littoralis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot. Figures in parenthesis represent the number of deaths of a species in a plot. Table 7: Vasse-Yallingup Siding - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 26 30 21 27 27 26 25 28 32 36 18 22 23 28 17 20 species No. 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 3 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 exotics Weediness 0.08 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.13 0.13 0.06 0.24 0 0.08 0.19 0.18 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.18 index

Transect elevation max min 15

14

13

12

11

10

9

Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ (mAHD) level 020406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 3: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Vasse-Yallingup Siding transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 24 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Locke Nature Reserve

This 80 m transect runs up-gradient through littoral vegetation on the fringes of a large wetland. Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and E. rudis dominate across all plots above a weedy understorey (Figure 4). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 4: Locke Nature Reserve vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Despite seasonal drying exotics continued to dominate the species poor understorey of the Locke Nature Reserve transect increasing in richness by 28% (14 to 18 species) (Table 2) and resulting in very high weediness indices in all 8 sub-plots (Table 9). Although mean canopy condition has declined by 11.62% across the transect since 2006 (Table 5), the mean tree health remains good to very good (Table 8). Species composition across the transect is 86% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Multi-stemmed Melaleuca rhaphiophylla in good health dominated the overstorey of Plot A with two E. rudis in moderate to good health also recorded (Appendix 1.2). However, the mean canopy health of both species declined in 2007 (M rhaphiophylla – 2006: 17- 21, mean 19.75; 2007: 14-20, mean 17.1; E. rudis – 2006: 14-18, mean 16; 2007: 14).

In 2006 the understorey of sub-plot A1 supported 10 species of which six were exotic. In 2007, the number of exotic species increased to nine, with 12 species recorded in total. The dominance of the exotic grass, Poa annua and a Medicago sp. continued in 2007

Centre for Ecosystem Management 25 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain however, a second exotic grass, Polypogon monspeliensis also became very abundant (Appendix 2.2). The prominence of these species continued in A2, although the cover of Medicago sp. and an exotic grass, Briza maxima, had declined due to seasonal drying. Five of the seven species recorded in 2006 were exotic, seven of the nine in 2007.

Large Eucalyptus rudis of poor to good health formed the overstorey in Plot B along with healthy, multi-stemmed M. rhaphiophylla. However, mean canopy condition has declined since the 2006 assessment (M rhaphiophylla – 2006: 17-23, mean 19.7; 2007: 16-17, mean 16.2; E. rudis – 2006: 4-20, mean 18; 2007: 5-17, mean 11.9).

The Medicago sp. which dominated the understorey of sub-plot B1 in 2006 died off over spring with Atriplex prostrate and an unidentified exotic most abundant in 2007. Eight species, of which only two were native, were recorded in both years. An exotic grass, Ehrharta calycina, was dominant in B2 along with the native sedge, Juncus kraussii in 2006. However, in 2007 the dominance of J. kraussii declined while the exotics Lolium rigidum and Avena barbata increased. Eight species, only one native, were recorded in 2006, nine (1 native) in 2007.

The overstorey of Plot C is formed of E. rudis of moderate to good heath and M. rhaphiophylla of good heath. Mean canopy condition has also declined since the 2006 assessment (M rhaphiophylla – 2006: 17-21, mean 18; 2007: 16-17, mean 16.3; E. rudis – 2006: 15-17, mean 15.8; 2007: 16-17, mean 12.6). Two exotics, Medicago sp. and Rumex sp. were most abundant in the understorey of C1 during 2006 however, seasonal drying resulted in a decline in the Medicago and the dominance of Lolium rigidum in 2007. Eight species (1 exotic) were recorded in this plot in 2006, nine (1 exotic) in 2007. The understorey in C2 was very sparse with exotics Medicago and P. annua dominant in both 2006 and 2007.

Melaleuca rhaphiophylla, large E. rudis and an individual Melaleuca cuticularis occurred in the overstorey of Plot D. Despite some decline in canopy condition all trees remained in good to very good condition (M rhaphiophylla – 2006: 17-21, mean 19; 2007: 16-20, mean 17.5; E. rudis – 2006: 16-19, mean 17.5; 2007: 17-21, mean 19; M. cuticularis – 2006: 21, 2007: 21).

The exotics, H. glabra and Pelargonium littorale were no longer abundant in sub-plot D1 with seasonal drying resulting in a very sparse, species poor understorey (11 species in 2006, 4 in 2007). A similar situation was noted in D2, where the exotic L. rigidum had replaced P. annua as the most dominant species. A total of nine species, five of which were exotics, occurred in this plot in 2006 and 2007.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 1.74 m and minimum of 0.35m (Figure 5). Of note is the inundation of the second half of the transect during peak water levels.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 26 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 8: Locke Nature Reserve - summary of transect data; diameter, health (canopy condition) and density of overstorey species (all plots are 20 x 20m). Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter M.r. <2-36.4 <2- 36 5.1-20.5 5-21 <2-24.4 <2-24.5 <2-22.1 <2- 23.1 range2 E.r. 8.3-25.6 8.3-26.1 <2-50.9 <2-51 <2-43.8 <2-43.8 <2-75 <2-76 M.c. ------13.3 1.35 Health M.r. 19.75 17.1 19.7 16.2 18 16.3 19 17.5 Mean3 E.r. 16 14 18 11.9 15.8 12.6 17.5 19 M.c. ------21 21 Health M.r. 17-21 14-20 17-23 16-17 17-21 16-17 17-21 16-20 Range E.r. 14-18 14 4-20 5-17 15-17 11-16 16-19 17-21 M.c. ------21 21 Density4 M.r. 9 9 5 5 3 6 4 4 E.r. 2 2 7 7 5 5 2 2 M.c. ------1 1 1Overstorey species – M.r. = Melaleuca rhaphiophylla; E.r.= Eucalyptus rudis; M.c. = Melaleuca cuticularis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Table 9: Locke Nature Reserve - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 10 12 7 9 8 8 8 9 8 9 8 8 11 4 9 9 species No. 6 9 5 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 4 4 7 3 5 5 exotics Weediness 3.41 6.3 4.5 6.2 5.11 4.5 8.46 5.58 14.33 15.67 2.07 1.82 3.58 5.0 2.44 2.44 index

Transect elevation 1.6 max min 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4

Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ level (mAHD) -0.6 020406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 5: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Locke NR transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 27 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Taylors Nature Reserve - Terrestrial transect

The terrestrial transect at Taylors NR was established in the south-east corner of the Reserve, behind the Evans and Tate property. It runs up-gradient from Plot A through dense C. calophylla/ E. marginata woodland above a open, low understorey of terrestrial shrubs and herbs (Figure 6). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 6: Taylors Nature Reserve terrestrial vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-40 m; d) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Mean canopy condition has declined by 9.33% across the transect since 2006 (Table 5), reflecting the poor condition of numerous C. calophylla in Plots A and B (Table 10). Although overall species richness has increased, there has also been a 25% decrease in the number of exotics recorded on the transect (4 - 3 species) (Table 11). Species composition across the transect is 87% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Small to moderate sized C. calophylla and small to large E. marginata, of varying condition, formed the overstorey of Plot A (Appendix 1.3). Although the health of E. marginata improved in 2007 (2006: 9-13, mean 17.3; 2007: 9-13, mean 19.2), there has been a further decline in canopy condition of C. calophylla (2006: 7-23, mean 17.6; 2007: 5-23, mean 15.7).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 28 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Patersonia umbrosa and Kingia hookeri remained dominant in the understorey of sub- plot A1 with a Lepidosperma sp. also common in 2007 (Appendix 2.3). Species richness increased from 14 to 22, with exotics increasing from zero to two. Patersonia umbrosa and K. australis were also abundant in the understorey of A2 along with the native sedges, M. tetragona and Lepidosperma sp. Species richness increased from 16 to 22 in this sub-plot, with exotics doubling from two to four.

The overstorey of Plot B was formed of small to moderate sized C. calophylla in varying condition and healthy small to very large E. marginata. The mean health of E. marginata remained unchanged (2006: 19-23, mean 21; 2007: 20-23, mean 21), while the condition of C. calophylla declined (2006: 7-23, mean 18.7; 2007: 6-23, mean 17.6).

The understorey of sub-plot B1 was still dominated by K. hookeri, X. preissii and Lepidosperma sp. A total of 17 species, (2 exotic) were recorded in this plot in 2206, increasing to 23 (4 exotic) in 2007. Nineteen species, including two exotics, occurred in B2 in 2006, increasing to 26 species, with four exotics in 2007, only Patersonia umbrosa occurred in abundance.

Small to very large C. calophylla and moderate sized E. marginata, in varying condition, formed the overstorey of Plot C. Unlike previous plots, mean health declined in both species over 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 13-23, mean 20.7; 2007: 11-21, mean 18.6; E. marginata – 2006: 21-23, mean 22.3; 2007: 17-19, mean 18.3).

Of the 20 species recorded in sub-plot C1 in 2006, two were exotic. Twenty three species, including three exotics, were noted in 2007. K. hookeri and Lepidosperma sp. were still dominant in C1 in 2007, with P. umbrosa also now common. The dominance of these species continued in C2 along with the small native fern, Lindsaea linearis, Anigozanthos flavidus (kangaroo paw) and Macrozamia riedlei. Species richness increased from 21 to 25 during 2007 however, only one exotic was recorded in both years.

The overstorey of Plot D was formed of small to moderate sized C. calophylla and small to large E. marginata, in varying condition. Health declines were again noted in both species during the 2007 assessment (C. calophylla – 2006: 13-23, mean 17.6; 2007: 9-21, mean 12.8; E. marginata – 2006: 13-23, mean 19.2; 2007: 13-21, mean 16.8).

The abundance of L. linearis declined over 2007 however, it was still common in the understorey along with K. hookeri, X. preissii and Lepidosperma sp. A total of 22 species were recorded in 2006 increasing to 27 in 2007, only one exotic occurred in both years. Two Lepidosperma sp. were most abundant in D2, followed by the large native shrub, Taxandria linearifolia and K. hookeri, X. preissii and P. umbrosa. Only one exotic species was recorded in this plot during 2006 and 2007, with the total number of species increasing from 16 to 20.

Groundwater levels A piezometer was not installed at this site as it was inaccessible to the drill rig. However, a permanent creek is located within 100m of the transect and much of the surrounding area was inundated during winter 2007.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 29 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 10: Taylors Nature Reserve - summary of terrestrial transect data; diameter, health (canopy condition) and density of overstorey species (all plots are 20 x 20m). Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter C.c. 3-29.7 3.5-30.2 3-35.5 3-36 <2-100 <2-99.8 <2-41.3 <2-42 range2 E.m. <2-70.6 <2-70.6 11.6-102 11.9-102.6 11-48.9 11-49.2 <2-85.1 <2-86 Health C.c. 17.6 15.7 18.7 17.6 20.7 18.6 17.6 12.8 Mean3 E.m. 17.3 19.2 21 21 22.3 18.3 19.2 16.8 Health C.c. 7-23 5-23 7-23 6-23 13-23 11-21 13-23 9-21 Range E.m. 9-23 9-23 19-23 20-23 21-23 17-19 13-23 13-21 Density4 C.c. 44 44 25 25 35 32 17 18 E.m. 6 6 7 7 3 4 12 13 1Overstorey species –E.m.= Eucalyptus marginata; C.c. = Corymbia calophylla 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Table 11: Taylors Nature Reserve - summary of terrestrial understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 14 22 16 22 17 23 19 26 20 23 21 25 22 27 16 20 species No. 0 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 exotics Weediness 0 0.15 0.23 0.30 0.21 0.34 0.24 0.30 0.25 0.34 0.06 0.56 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.68 index

Centre for Ecosystem Management 30 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Taylors Nature Reserve - Wetland transect

The wetland transect was established in the north-west sector of the Reserve, adjacent to a farmlet. Plots A and B occur within M. preissiana/ C. calophylla woodland grading into myrtaceous shrubs, sedges and herbs with a decrease in elevation across the wetland basin (Figure 7). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 7: Taylors Nature Reserve wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Mean canopy condition improved slightly (0.14%) across the transect during 2007 (Table 5) and several C. calophylla seedlings were noted in Plots A and B (Table 12). Although overall species richness has increased there has also been a 50% increase in the number of exotics recorded on the transect (4 – 6 species) and a corresponding increase in weediness indices (Table 13). Species composition across the transect is 88% similar to that recorded in 2006.

The overstorey of Plot A was formed by small to moderate sized M. preissiana in poor to very good health. Allocasuarina fraseriana were also recorded along with a small number of C. calophylla of moderate to very good heath (Appendix 1.4, Table 12). Although the health of the M. preissiana improved during 2007 (2006: 5-19, mean 15.1; 2007: 5-21, mean 15.4), the mean health of C. calophylla declined during this time (2006: 15-19, mean 16.3; 2007: 14-15, mean 14.7).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 31 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Xanthorrhoea preissii and the native sedge Loxocarya exculsa continued to dominate the understorey of sub-plot A1 (Appendix 2.4). None of the 15 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic however, in 2007 one of the 18 species identified was exotic. Xanthorrhoea preissii and L. exculsa were again common in the dense understorey in A2 along with another native sedge, Xyris roycei, a large shrub, Taxandria parvicpes, and Leucopogon propiquus. All 18 species in this plot in 2006 were native, while one of the 22 recorded in 2007 was exotic.

Melaleuca preissiana and C. calophylla of similar size continued to dominate in the overstorey of Plot B. Although the health of M. preissiana in this Plot was still higher than that recorded in Plot A, there had been a decline in condition since 2006 (2006: 14- 21, mean 18; 2007: 14-21, mean 17.4). There has however, been an improvement in the health of C. calophylla (2006: 21; 2007: 23).

Xanthorrhoea preissii and L. exculsa were also still abundant in sub-plot B1 along with the native shrubs, Kunzea micrantha and Astartea fascicularis. All 16 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were native with one exotic identified among the 15 recorded in 2007. The understorey of B2 was also dominated by L. exculsa and K. micrantha with A. fascicularis less abundant than during 2006 and Leucopgon propiquus more prevalent. Twenty five species, including 3 exotics were recorded in this plot in both 2006 and 2007.

No trees occurred in Plots C or D. The understorey of C1 was dominated by an unidentified sedge along with L. exculsa, L. propiquus and A. fascicularis. The prominence of K. micrantha and A. fascicularis continued across C2. A total of 14 species were recorded in C1 and six in C2 in 2006. No exotics occurred in either sub- plot. In 2007 15 species were recorded in C1 and eight in C2. One exotic was found in each.

Sub-plot D1 was also still dominated by K. micrantha and A. fascicularis, with a further five native and two exotic species identified in 2006 and nine native and one exotic in 2007. Astartea fascicularis, the native sedge Leptocarpus tenax, and the small herb, Siloxerus humifusus, were common in the understorey of D2 in both 2006 and 2007. A total of eight species, including two exotics were recorded in this plot in 2006, increasing to 13 species with four exotics in 2007.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 2.85 m and minimum of 0.12m (Figure 8). Of note is the inundation of the majority of the transect during peak water levels.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 32 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 12: Taylors Nature Reserve - summary of wetland transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter M.p. <2-40.7 <2-41.1 <2 – 32.4 <2-33 - - - - range2 C.c. <2 – <2-26.1 6.8 7.1 - - - - 25.8 Health M.p. 15.1 15.4 18 17.4 - - - - Mean3 C.c. 16.3 14.7 21 23 - - - - Health M.p. 5 - 19 5-21 14-21 14-21 - - - - Range C.c. 15 - 19 14-15 21 23 - - - - Density4 M.p. 18 18 9 9 - - - - C.c. 3 3 + 7 1 1 + 1 - - - - seedlings seedling 1Overstorey species –M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; C.c. = Corymbia calophylla 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Table 13: Taylors Nature Reserve - summary of wetland understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 15 18 18 22 16 15 25 25 14 15 6 8 9 10 8 13 species No. 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 3 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 4 exotics Weediness 0 0.10 0 0.06 0 0 0.24 0.23 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.22 0.57 0.85 index

Transect elevation 37 max min 36.5

36

35.5

35

34.5

Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ (mAHD) level 34 0 20406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 8: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Taylors NR wetland transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 33 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Ambergate Reserve

The transect at this site was established in the north-west sector of the reserve within 100 m of monitoring bore BN 32 and the information bay. Plot A is dominated by C. calophylla which decreases in abundance moving down-gradient along the transect (Figure 9). Dense myrtaceous wetland and terrestrial shrubs, sedges and herbs form the understorey. a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 9: Ambergate Reserve wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Although there were some declines in mean health of individual species in some plots, overall mean canopy condition improved slightly (0.08%) across the Ambergate transect during 2007 (Tables 5 & 14). There has been a decline in overall species richness (2 – 0 species) including a total loss of all exotics from all sub-plots (Table 15). Species composition across the transect is 86% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Small to moderate sized C. calophylla in moderate to very good health formed the open overstorey of Plot A (Appendix 1.5). A single small B. grandis was also recorded in the plot. The mean health of the C. calophylla declined in 2007 (2006: 11-23, mean 18; 2007: 14-21, mean 17.4) however, the condition of the B. grandis improved (2006: 17; 2007: 21).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 34 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

The shrub Calothamnus hirsutus remained abundant in the shrubby understorey of sub- plot A1 along with X. preissii and H. hypercoides, althought he cover of Stirlingia latifolia and a Lomandra sp. declined slightly (Appendix 2.5). A total of 26 species, including two exotics, were recorded in this plot in 2006, falling to 20 species, all native, in 2007. The dominance of X. preissii, H. hypericoides and a Lomandra sp. continued in A2, where Hypocalymma angustifolium was also abundant. All 27 species identified in this plot in 2006, and the 26 in 2007, were native.

The overstorey of Plot B was also very open with three small to moderate B. grandis, two small E. marginata and a single medium sized C. calophylla all in good to very good health. The mean health of the B. grandis declined during 2007 (2006: 21-23, mean 21.7; 2007: 19-21, mean 20.3), while the other tree species improved in condition (C. calophylla – 2006: 19; 2007: 21; E. marginata – 2006: 17-23, mean 20; 2007: 21-23, mean 22).

Calothamnus hirsutus, X. preissii and H. hypericoides continued to dominate the species rich understorey of B1 and B2, where S. latifolia, Gompholobium capitatum and A. humilis were also common. Thirty four and 22 native species were recorded in sub-pots B1 and B2 respectively in 2006, with 25 and 22 noted in 2007. No exotics were identified in either plot in either year.

A small number of small to moderate sized C. calophylla and E. marginata occurred in Plot C. Although the condition of both species improved in 2007 the C. calophylla remained in good to very health while the E. marginata were in poor to very good condition (C. calophylla – 2006: 15-21, mean 18.8; 2007: 19-21, mean 20.4; E. marginata – 2006: 7-17, mean 12; 2007: 7-19, mean 13).

The understorey of C1 was still dominated by C. hirsutus, L. purpurea and X. preissii with the shrub, Beaufortia sp. also abundant. Of the 26 species recorded in this plot in 2006, only one was exotic. There were no exotics amongst the 22 species recorded in 2007. X. preissii and Lomandra sp were the most abundant of the 23 native species recorded in C2 in 2006, with the abundance of the Lomandra declining in 2007. Twenty species, all native, were identified in C2 in 2007.

Although the single large, healthy E. marginata still dominated the overstorey of Plot D with small, individual M. preissiana and C. calophylla, the mean health of two of these species declined during 2007 (E. marginata – 2006: 21; 2007:18; C. calophylla – 2006: 23; 2007: 21) while there was no change in M. preissiana (2006: 17; 2007: 17).

Sub-plot D1 was still dominated by X. preissii and H. hypericoides with the native sedges, Mesomelaena tetragona, S. latifolia and L. tenax also abundant. Nineteen of the 20 species in this plot in 2006 were native, with 20 native species identified in 2007. The wetland shrubs Pericalymma ellipticum and Hypocalymma angustifolium remained dominant in D2 with Hakea lasianthoides. Seventeen and 16 native species were recorded in this plot in 2006 and 2007 respectively.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the monitoring bore during 2007 indicated a 5 year mean (2003-2007) maximum depth to groundwater of 4.87 m and minimum of 1.69 m (Figure 10).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 35 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 14: Ambergate Reserve - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter C.c. <2- 39.8 <2-41 26.4 26.5 <2- 33.1 <2-33.2 10.9 10.7 range2 E.m. - - 2.6 – 8.9 2.7-9 7.4 – 27 7.3-27 4.8 – 68.2 4.8-68.3 B.g. <2 <2 5.1 – 23.8 2.8-9.3 - - - - M.p. ------<2 – 6.3 <2-6.4 Health C.c. 19 16.3 19 21 18.8 20.4 23 21 Mean3 E.m. - - 20 22 12 13 21 18 B.g. 17 21 21.7 20.3 - - - - M.p. ------17 17 Health C.c. 11 - 23 14-21 19 21 15 - 21 19-21 23 21 Range E.m. - - 17 – 23 21-23 7 – 17 7-19 21 18 B.g. 17 21 21 – 23 19-21 - - - - M.p. ------17 17 Density4 C.c. 13 12 1 1 5 5 1 1 E.m. - - 2 2 2 2 1 1 B.g. 1 1 3 3 - - - - M.p. ------1 1 1Overstorey species – C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; E.m. = Eucalyptus marginata; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; B.g.= Banksia grandis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Table 15: Ambergate Nature Reserve - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 26 20 27 26 34 25 22 22 26 22 23 20 20 20 17 16 species No. 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 exotics Weediness 0.13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0.09 0 0 0 index

Transect elevation

23 max 22.5 min 22 21.5 21 20.5 20 19.5 19 18.5 18 Elevation/groundwater(mAHD) level 020406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 10: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Ambergate NR transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 36 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Spanish Settlers Reserve

This transect runs perpendicular to the road on the western side of the reserve. It runs down-gradient from C. calophylla dominated woodland in Plot A into M. preissiana wetland above an understorey of sedges and exotics (Figure 11). The majority of vegetation at this site is recovering from bushfires in 2006. a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 11: Spanish Settlers Reserve wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Due to the fire and continued re-establishment of canopy cover the health of most trees has improved markedly since 2006, with a mean increase of 227% over the past 12 months (Table 5). Although the weediness indices remained relatively high across all eight sub-plots, the number of exotics has decreased by 27% (11 – 8 species) as the understorey re-establishes. Species composition across the transect is 60% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Moderate sized C. calophylla were dominant across Plot A with a single multi-stemmed M. preissiana also recorded (Appendix 1.6, Table 16). As trees continued to re-establish following the fire the mean canopy health improved (Table 16) (C. calophylla – 2006: 3- 15, mean 8.1; 2007: 9-21, mean 13.5; M. preissiana – 2006: 4; 2007: 18).

Xanthorrhoea preissii, Arctotheca calendula, Bromus diandrus and Hypochaeris glabra were less abundant in the understorey of sub-plot A1 with Acacia pulchella and Briza

Centre for Ecosystem Management 37 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain minor now dominant (Appendix 2.6, Table 17). Six of the 19 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, falling to four out of 21 in 2007. The dominance of X. preissii and Dasypogon bromeliifolius continued in A2, with Gompholoium sp. and P. monospeliensis also abundant. Four of the 17 species in this plot in 2006 and three of the 23 recorded in 2007 were exotic.

Fewer trees occurred in Plot B with moderate sized C. calophylla and multi-stemmed M. preissiana forming the overstorey. Canopy health of all trees again improved during 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 3-11, mean 6.2; 2007: 9-16, mean 13.4; M. preissiana – 2006: 3-4, mean 3.6; 2007: 15-22, mean 18.3).

Xanthorrhoea preissii was the dominant species in sub-plot B1 in 2007 with a sedge species and B. maxima, replacing the native species Kennedia coccinea, Isolepis cernua and Haemodorum laxum. Six of the 17 species in this plot in 2006 and seven of the 26 in 2007, were exotic. The unidentified sedge was still abundant in B2 with P. monospeliensis and Anarthria sp. also prevalent. Six of the 17 species in this plot in 2006 and four of the 15 in 2007, were exotic.

A single, multi-stemmed M. preissiana formed the sparse overstorey of Plot C. The condition of this tree improved markedly during 2007 (2006: 4; 2007: 17). An exotic Medicogo sp. was very dominant in the understorey of sub-plot C1, smothering a number of other species. Seven of the 15 species in this plot in 2006 and three of the 13 in 2007, were exotic. Medicago sp. was less abundant in C2 in 2007, with P. monospeliensis and Anarthria sp. now dominant. In 2006 five of the 13 species recorded were exotic, falling to three out of 11 in 2007.

The condition of the two M. preissiana in Plot D also improved during 2007 (2006: 3-4, mean 3.5; 2007: 15-17, mean 16). The dominance of Medicago sp., Anarthria sp. and P. monospeliensis continued in both sub plots. A total of nine native and five exotic species were recorded in D1 in 2006, falling to nine native and three exotic in 2007. Fourteen native and six exotic were recorded in D2 in 2006, 18 and four in 2007.

Groundwater levels Only limited data were available from the piezometer at this site due to vandalism. No maximum depth to groundwater level was recorded during 2007 however, a minimum depth of 0.51 m was recorded (Figure 12).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 38 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 16: Spanish Settlers Reserve - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter C.c. 6.2-31.4 6.3-31.5 7.1 – 21.4 7.2-21.3 - - - - range2 M.p. 4.2-17.7 4.2-18 <2 – 14.5 <2-14.8 6.9-20.5 7.1-22 <2 – 16 <2-17 Health C.c. 8.1 13.5 6.2 13.4 - - - - Mean3 M.p. 4 18 3.6 18.3 4 17 3.5 16 Health C.c. 3 - 15 9-21 3 – 11 9-16 - - - - Range M.p. 4 18 3 - 4 15-22 4 17 3 – 4 15-17 Density4 C.c. 13 13 5 5 - - - - M.p. 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 1Overstorey species – C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Table 17: Spanish Settlers Reserve - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 19 21 17 23 17 26 17 15 15 13 13 11 15 12 20 22 species No. 6 4 4 3 6 7 6 4 7 3 5 3 6 3 6 4 exotics Weediness 0.98 0.50 0.59 0.24 0.98 0.63 1.15 0.66 1.5 0.94 1.3 0.71 1.4 0.65 0.99 0.50 index

Transect elevation max 33.4

33.3

33.2

33.1

33

32.9

Elevation/groundwater(mAHD) level 32.8 0 20406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 12: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Spanish Settlers Reserve transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 39 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Ruabon Reserve

Due to issues regarding bore rig access the Ruabon transect was relocated to a second wetland area in the western section of the reserve in 2007. The transect runs parallel to the edge of a wetland through Plots A-C before moving up-gradient into terrestrial vegetation in Plot D (Figure 13). The understorey was generally dense with some more open areas upslope. Exotics were recorded in all 8 sub-plots. a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 13: Ruabon Reserve wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Three medium sized, multi-stemmed M. rhaphiophylla occurred in Plot A. Mean canopy health ranged from 17-19 with a mean of 18 (Appendix 1.7, Table 18). Sub-plot A1 was dominated by C. lateralis and a Melaleuca shrub, with a total of 14 species, including three exotics, recorded during the first round of monitoring (Appendix 2.7, Table 19). Pericalymma ellipticum and the exotic herb, Sagina apetala, were dominant in the understorey of A2. Seven exotic and 12 native species were identified in this plot.

Five small, multi-stemmed M. rhaphiophylla in good to very good health (14-19, mean 16.7) were recorded in Plot B. C. lateralis and the Melaleuca shrub were dominant in B1 and P. ellipticum in B2 with Beaufortia elegans and X. preissii. Fifteen native and seven exotic species were recorded in B1, 21 and four in B2.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 40 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Five small, multi-stemmed M. rhaphiophylla in good health (14-17, mean 16.2) were recorded in Plot C. C. lateralis, the Melaleuca shrub and B. elegans were dominant in C1 and P. ellipticum, Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana and Lechenaultia biloba in C2. Seventeen native and six exotic species were recorded in C1, 26 and one in C2.

A number of medium sized C. calophylla in varying condition (13-21, mean 16) formed the overstorey in Plot D with two M. preissiana (15-19, mean 17) and a healthy, single B. grandis (21). The Melaleuca shrub was prevalent in sub-plot D1, in which a total of 12 native and six exotic species were recorded. X. preissii and M. tetragona were dominant in D2. Two exotic and 23 native species were identified in this plot.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 2.32 m and minimum of 0.10m (Figure 14). Of note is the near inundation of the beginning of the transect during peak water levels.

Table 18: Ruabon Reserve - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter M.r. - <2-26.8 - 2.1-10.2 - <2-12.3 - - range2 C.c. ------<2-36.1 M.p. - - - - 3.3-10.7 B.g. <2-7.2 Health M.r. - 18 - 16.7 - 16.2 - - Mean3 C.c. ------16 M.p. ------17 B.g. ------21 Health M.r. - 17-19 - 14-19 - 14-17 - - Range C.c. ------13-21 M.p. - - - 15-19 B.g. ------21 Density4 M.r. - 3 - 5 - 5 - - C.c. ------22 M.p. ------2 B.g. ------1 1Overstorey species – C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; M.r. = Melaleuca rhaphiophylla; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Table 19: Ruabon Reserve - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. - 14 - 19 - 22 - 25 - 23 - 27 - 18 - 25 species No. - 3 - 7 - 7 - 4 - 7 - 1 - 6 - 2 exotics Weediness - 0.51 - 1.32 - 0.80 - 0.34 - 0.75 - 0.07 - 1.05 - 0.17 index

Centre for Ecosystem Management 41 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Transect elevation max min 20.5 20 19.5 19 18.5 18 17.5 17 0 20406080 Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ (mAHD) level Distance along trasnect (m)

Figure 14: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Ruabon Reserve transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 42 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Tutunup TEC

The Tutunup transect was established on the southern side of Wonnerup Rd. within 1km of monitoring bore BN 22. This transect is located within the Tutunup ironstone community. Vegetation of this type is amongst the most threatened in Western Australia. The only tree species recorded on the monitoring transect was Eucalyptus rudis, which, due to underlying ironstone and restricted access to water, occurred in mallee form. Elevations change very little along the transect, reflected in the uniformity of the vegetation, dominated by large shrubs (Figure 9). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 15: Tutunup TEC wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Although there was a decline in mean health of E. rudis in Plot D, overall mean canopy condition improved slightly (1.12%) across the Tutunup transect during 2007 (Tables 5 & 20, Appendix 1.8). There has also been an increase in overall species richness since 2006 including an overall increase in the number of exotics (66.67%) (3 – 5 species) (Table 21). The three DRF species and the Priority 3 (P3) species recorded on the transect in 2006 were retained in 2007 (Appendix 2.8). Species composition across the transect is 85% similar to that recorded in 2006.

The condition of the single E. rudis in Plot A improved during 2007 (2006: 17; 2007: 18). The understorey of sub-plot A1 remains dominated by a P3 sedge species,

Centre for Ecosystem Management 43 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Loxocarya magna and the DRF shrub, Dryandra nivea subsp. uliginosa. A second sedge, Lyginea sp. is also still abundant. A total of 17 species, including two exotics, were recorded in this plot in 2006, sixteen species, including four exotics were recorded in 2007. The cover of the native shrub, Kunzea micrantha, declined in sub-plot A2. However, L. magna remained abundant along with a limestone variant of the large shrub, Calothamnus quadrifius, and an Epacridaceae sp. Of the 16 species recorded in this plot in 2006, only one was exotic. In 2007, two of the 18 species identified were exotic.

The health of the several multi-stemmed E. rudis in Plot B also improved over 2007 (2006: 18-20, mean 19.4; 2007: 21). Kunzea micrantha and L. magna were still abundant in the understorey of sub-plot B1 with the DRF species Dryandra squarrosa subsp. argillacea. Chamelaucium roycei, also a DRF, occurred at low densities within the plot. Thirteen of the 14 species in sub-plot B1 were native in 2006 and 2007. The dominance of L. magna and K. micrantha continued in B2. Only two of the 15 species in this plot were exotic in both 2006 and 2007.

No E. rudis were recorded in Plot C. K. micrantha continued to dominate the understorey of sub-plot C1. Loxocarya magna and C. roycei occurred in the plot, but in low abundances. Only one of the 12 species recorded in 2006, and one of the 15 in 2007, were exotic. Dryandra squarrosa subsp. argillacea remained most abundant in C2 with K. micrantha and Desmocladus sp. also common. One of the 13 species in this plot in 2006 was exotic, with three of the 16 species recorded in 2007 also non-native.

The condition of the single multi-stemmed E. rudis in Plot D declined in 2007 (2006:17; 2007: 15). Kunzea micrantha and L. magna were still dominant in both sub-pots with C. quadrifidus also common in D1. Dryandra squarrosa subsp. argillacea was also recorded in both sub-plots. Twelve native and three exotics occurred in D1 in 2006, 13 native and four exotics in 2007. In D2, 12 natives were recorded in 2006 with 16 natives and three exotics identified in 2007.

Groundwater levels Although the monitoring bore is located some distance from the Tutunup transect, hydrological data indicated a mean maximum (2003-2007) depth to groundwater of 2.51 m and minimum of 0.12m at the bore (Figure 16).

Table 20: Tutunup TEC - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter E.r. 10.5 10.6 2.9-12 2.8-13 - - 3.6 – 11.3 3.7-11.2 range2 Health E.r. 17 18 19.4 21 - - 17 15 Mean3 Health E.r. 17 18 18-20 21 - - 17 15 Range Density4 E.r. 1 1 7 7 - - 1 1 1Overstorey species – E.r. = Eucalyptus rudis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 44 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 21: Tutunup TEC - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 17 16 16 18 14 15 15 15 12 15 13 16 14 17 12 19 species No. 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 4 0 3 exotics Weediness 0.2 0.44 0.2 0.18 0.13 0.24 0.26 0.23 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.27 0.49 0 0.30 index

Transect elevation 1 max 0.5 min 0

-0.5

-1 -1.5 -2 -2.5

Elevation/groundwater level (m) -3 0 20406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 16: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Tutunup transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 45 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Ludlow Rail Reserve

This transect was established in a narrow patch of remnant vegetation between the old rail-line and private property. There is a 20 m gap between Plots B and C where a quantity of timber has been dumped. The dense overstorey is formed by E. marginata, C. calophylla, E. rudis, M. preissiana, B. littoralis and Agonis flexuosa, with the wetland species dominant in lower areas of the transect (Figure 17). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 17: Ludlow Rail Reserve wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

The general health of trees has declined since 2006, with a mean decrease of 15.32% over the past 12 months (Table 5). Declines have been noted in all five tree species across the majority of the transect (Table 22). The number of exotics has decreased by 14.29% (7 – 6 species) resulting in declines in weediness indices in most of the eight sub-plots (Table 23). Species composition across the transect is 81% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Five tree species were recorded in Plot A (Appendix 1.9, Table 22). Small to large C. calophylla were most abundant, followed by small to moderate sized B. littoralis. The health of both species declined in 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 4-23, mean 19.5; 2007: 3- 23, mean 15; B. littoralis – 2006: 17-23, mean 21; 2007: 13-23, mean 19.1). Several small M. preissiana also occurred along with a single moderate sized E. rudis. The mean canopy condition of these species declined also (M. preissiana – 2006:15-21, mean 19,

Centre for Ecosystem Management 46 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

2007: 13-17, mean 15.1; E. rudis – 2006: 19; 2007: 17). The mean heath of the four, small E. marginata in the plot increased slightly during 2007 despite the death of one individual (2006: 3-18, mean 9.25: 2007: 0-21, mean 10).

The understorey of sub-plot A1 was still dominated by the wetland sedge Lepidosperma longitudinale, Hypolaena pubescens and the shrub, A. juniperiana, although the cover of the second sedge had declined. In 2006 three of the 16 species recorded in this sub-plot were exotic, four out of 20 in 2007. Sub-plot A2 was dominated by the small, native, shrub Adenanthos meisneri, and X. preissii and Kunzea ericifolia. None of the 21 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, with a single exotic recorded in 2007 from a total of 22 species.

Four tree species occurred in Plot B. Small C. calophylla were very abundant across the plot, with E. marginata and several small, B. littoralis and M. preissiana also recorded. The mean health of all species declined during 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 4-23, mean 16; 2007: 1-21, mean 12.8; E. marginata – 2006: 3-8, mean 6.25; 2007: 3-10, mean 12.8; B. littoralis – 2006: 17-23, mean 21; 2007: 0-23, mean 19.2; M. preissiana – 2006:13-21, mean 18, 2007: 14-15, mean 14.75) with an E. marginata and a B. littoralis dying during that time.

Lepidosperma longitudinale and K. ericifolia remained dominant in sub-plot B2. Although Baumea juncea was still present, its abundance had declined. In 2006 one of the 20 species in this plot was exotic, with no exotics occurring amongst the 27 species identified in 2007. Terrestrial species X. preissii, D. bromeliifolius and K. ericifolia remained dominant in B2. Of the 25 species recorded in 2006, two were exotic, increasing to three out of 27 in 2007.

The same four tree species recorded in Plot B occurred in Plot C. Small B. littoralis were most abundant followed by small C. calophylla, E. marginata and M. preissiana. As with previous plots the mean health of most species has declined with a B. littoralis dying during the past 12 months (C. calophylla – 2006: 18-23, mean 20.5; 2007: 11-23, mean 16.4; E. marginata – 2006: 11-19, mean 15.6; 2007: 11-17, mean 12.4; B. littoralis – 2006: 15-23, mean 21.3; 2007: 0-23, mean 21.5; M. preissiana – 2006:21, 2007:14).

The cover and abundance of and A. pulchella declined in the understorey of C1 with K. ericifolia now most dominant followed by L. longitudinale, H. pubescens and A. juniperiana. Two of the 21 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, one of 22 in 2007. The dominance of K. ericifolia continued in C2, where X. preissii, Exocarpos sparteus, A. pulchella and D. bromeliifolius were also common. In 2006 17 species, including one exotic, were recorded in this plot. In 2007, one of 16 species was non-native.

Small E. marginata formed the majority of the overstorey in Plot D although one tree has been lost from the plot. Several small M. preissiana and B. littoralis also occurred in the plot however, the single C. calophylla sapling recorded in 2006 has been lost. Mean tree health has declined since 2006 (E. marginata – 2006: 3-19, mean 10; 2007: 0-21, mean 8.9; B. littoralis – 2006: 19-21, mean 19; 2007: 11-17, mean 14.7; M. preissiana – 2006: 21-23, mean 19.7; 2007: 15-19, mean 17.5).

The understorey of sub-plot D1 was still dominated by L. longitudinale with K. ericifolia also abundant along with Scaevola calliptera. Three of the 12 species recorded in this

Centre for Ecosystem Management 47 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain plot in 2006 were exotic, one of 13 in 2007. The cover and abundance of K. ericifolia declined during 2007 however, X. preissii was still most abundant in D2. Of the nine species recorded in D2 in 2006 only one was exotic, all of the 14 species identified in 2007 were native.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the monitoring bore indicated a mean maximum (2003- 2007) depth to groundwater of 4.60 m and minimum of 3.72m (Figure 18).

Table 22: Ludlow Rail Reserve - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter C.c. <2 – 88.2 <2-89 <2 – 21.8 <2-22.1 <2 – <2-26.1 <2 – 2.9 - range2 26.3 E.m. <2– 10.7 <2-89 2.9 – 13.3 2.8-14.1 4.4 – 4.5-10.7 <2 – 20.2 <2-20.1 10.9 E.r. 10.9-31.3 10.9------32.1 M.p. 2.5 – 14.8 2.5-13.9 <2 – 14.1 <2-14.2 15.9 – 16-18.1 <2 – 20 <2-21 17.3 B.l. <2 – 29.2 <2-29.1 <2 – 23.5 <2-23.8 <2 – 25 <2-25 <2 – 5.8 <2-5.7 Health C.c. 19.5 15 16 12.8 20.5 16.4 17 - Mean3 E.m. 9.25 10 6.25 5.25 15.6 12.4 10 8.9 E.r. 19 17 ------M.p. 19 15.1 18 14.75 21 14 19.7 17.5 B.l. 21 19.1 21 19.2 21.3 21.5 19 14.7 Health C.c. 4 – 23 3-23 4 – 23 1-21 18 – 23 11-23 17 - Range E.m. 3 – 18 0-21 3 – 8 3-10 11 – 19 11-17 3 – 19 0-21 E.r. 19 17 ------M.p. 15 – 21 13-17 13 – 21 14-15 21 14 21 – 23 15-19 B.l. 17 – 23 13-23 17 – 23 0-23 15 – 23 0-23 19 – 21 11-17 Density4 C.c. 60 59 92 100 6 8 1 (1) E.m. 4 3 (1) 4 4 (1) 5 5 16 15 (1) E.r. 1 1 ------M.p. 7 7 4 4 1 1 4 4 B.l. 11 11 13 12 (1) 17 16 (1) 3 3 1Overstorey species – E.m. = Eucalyptus marginata; C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; E.r. = Eucalyptus rudis; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; B.l.= Banksia littoralis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot. Numbers in parenthesis represent tree deaths since 2006. Table 23: Ludlow Rail Reserve - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 16 20 21 22 20 27 25 27 21 22 17 16 12 13 9 14 species No. 3 4 0 1 1 0 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 exotics Weediness 0.3 0.38 0 0.07 0.09 0 0.15 0.18 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.44 0.11 0.11 0 index

Centre for Ecosystem Management 48 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Transect elevation 11 max min 10.5 10 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 Elevation/groundwater(mAHD) level -101030507090 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 18: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Ludlow Rail Reserve transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 49 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Capel Nature Reserve

This transect was established in the southern sector of the Nature Reserve. It runs from C. calophylla/ M. preissiana woodland down-gradient and across the entire wetland basin dominated by myrtaceous shrubs (Figure 19). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

i. Figure 19: Capel Nature Reserve wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.i) Plot D - example of declining canopy condition in Banksia littoralis.

The general health of trees has declined since 2006, with a mean decrease of 17.69% over the past 12 months (Table 5). Declines have been noted in all four tree species across the transect (Table 24), with deaths in B. littoralis noted in plots A and B and a C. calophylla and E. marginata lost from B. Although the total number of exotics doubled (1 – 2 species) there was only a slight increase in weediness indices in the sub-plots (Table 25). Species composition across the transect is 86% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Small to large C. calophylla and M. preissiana formed the majority of the overstorey in Plot A with a smaller number of small to large E. marginata and B. littoralis (Appendix 1.10, Table 24). Mean tree health of M. preissiana and B. littoralis has declined since

Centre for Ecosystem Management 50 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

2006 (M. preissiana - 2006: 13-19, mean 16.2; 2007: 10-16, mean 15.2; B. littoralis – 2006: 15; 2007: 0), remained the same in C. calophylla (2006: 10-21, mean 15.8; 2007: 11-21, mean 15.8) and improved in E. marginata (2006: 11-21, mean 16.6; 2007: 13-21, mean 18.6).

The understorey of sub-plot A1 comprised terrestrial species of which the grass-like species Lomandra purpurea and D. bromeliifolius remained most abundant (Appendix 2.10). None of the 14 species recorded in 2006 or 15 recorded in 2007 was exotic. X. preissii remained dominant in A2 however, the cover and abundance of the previously abundant K. ericifolia had declined. All 13 species identified in 2006 were native with three of 17 recorded in 2007 being exotic.

Plot B represented the beginning of the transition from terrestrial to wetland species. Small to very large C. calophylla formed the overstorey with several small to large E. marginata and a small number of small B. littoralis and B. grandis. The health of all species declined during 2007 (C. calophylla – 2006: 11-21, mean 16.8; 2007: 0-21, mean 15.5; E. marginata – 2006: 13-21, mean 17.9; 2007: 0-21, mean 15.5; B. littoralis – 2006: 15; 2007: 0; B. grandis – 2006: 11-21, mean 17.75; 2007: 7-23, mean 15.7).

The most abundant species in the sparse understorey of sub-plot B1 was still K. australis with Hibbertia notibractea and L. linearis now also common. None of the 14 species recorded in 2006, or the 20 in 2007, were exotic. Sub-plot B2 was dominated by the small shrub Verticordia sp. with the previously abundant wetland shrub Pericalymma ellipticum now uncommon. All 12 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were native with two exotics amongst the 17 recorded in 2007.

Plot C represented the vegetation in the centre of the wetland basin. Several small C. calophylla and B. littoralis formed the sparse overstorey. The mean health of C. corymbia decreased slightly during 2007 (2006: 17-21, mean 18.7; 2007: 15-21, mean 18.6), with B. littoralis declining by a greater amount (2006: 21; 2007: 15-19, mean 17).

Xanthorrhoea preissii, K. ericifolia and Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana remained the most abundant species in the understorey of sub-plot C1. P. ellipticum no longer dominated sub-plot C2, with K. ericifolia, P. occidentalis and Daviesia inflata now most prevalent. Sub-plot C1 supported 13 native species in 2006, increasing to 17, including two exotics, in 2007. Seventeen species, all native, were recorded in C2 in 2006, one of the 19 species recorded in 2007 was exotic.

Plot D represented the beginning of the transition back into terrestrial vegetation. The overstorey of the plot comprised several small to moderate sized B. littoralis and small C. calophylla and B. grandis. The health of all species again declined with the greatest decrease noted in B. littoralis (B. littoralis – 2006: 19-23, mean 21; 2007: 11-18, mean 14.3; C. calophylla – 2006: 17-19, mean 17.8; 2007: 15-21, mean 17.4; B. grandis – 2006: 19; 2007: 18).

The understorey of sub-plot D1 was dominated by wetland species, specifically an unidentified sedge. However, the abundance of the previously dominant P. ellipticum had declined markedly with K. ericifolia also less abundant in 2007. P. ellipticum was still dominant in D2 along with K. australis, although P. ellipticum had dried and thinned. Thirteen species, all native, were identified in sub-plot D1 in 2006 with one exotic

Centre for Ecosystem Management 51 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain amongst the 14 recorded in 2007. No exotics occurred amongst the 17 noted in D2 in 2006, with only one of 19 species in 2007 a non-native.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 3.50 m and minimum of 1.24 m (Figure 20).

Table 24: Capel Nature Reserve - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter E.m. 7.6 – 7.5-88.9 <2 – 56.3 <2-56.4 - - - - range2 88.6 C.c. <2 – 92 <2-92 <2 – 136 <2-135.7 <2 – <2-18.7 <2 – 16.7 <2-16.8 18.5 M.p. <2 – <2-49.7 ------49.8 B.l. 15 14 <2 <2 3.6 – 27 3.6-27 5 – 33.1 5-34 B.g. <2 <2 <2 – 7.5 <2-7.5 - - <2 <2 Health E.m. 16.6 18.6 17.9 15.5 - - - - Mean3 C.c. 15.8 15.8 16.8 15.5 18.7 18.6 17.8 17.4 M.p. 16.2 15.2 ------B.l. 15 0 15 0 21 17 21 14.3 B.g. - 21 17.75 15.7 - - 19 18 Health E.m. 11 – 21 13-21 13 – 21 0-21 - - - - Range C.c. 10 – 21 11-21 11 – 21 0-21 17 – 21 15-21 17 – 19 15-21 M.p. 13 – 19 10-16 ------B.l. 15 0 15 0 21 15-19 19 – 23 11-18 B.g. - 21 11 – 21 7-23 - - 19 18 Density4 E.m. 5 6 7 7 (1) 1 - - - - seedling C.c. 41 40 41 43 (1) 3 7 8 5 5 seedlings M.p. 10 11 ------B.l. 1 0 (1) 1 0 (1) 2 2 3 3 B.g. - 2 8 8 - - 1 1 1Overstorey species – E.m. = Eucalyptus marginata; C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; B.l.= Banksia littoralis; B.g. = Banksia grandis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot. Table 25: Capel Nature Reserve - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 14 15 13 17 14 20 12 17 13 17 10 13 13 14 17 19 species No. 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 exotics Weediness 0 0 0 0.09 0 0 0 0.17 0 0.18 0.15 0.12 0 0.12 0 0 index

Centre for Ecosystem Management 52 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Transect elevation max 26 min 25.5 25 24.5 24 23.5 23 22.5 22 21.5 Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ level (mAHD) 0 20406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 20: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Capel Nature Reserve transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 53 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Harewoods Rd

This transect was established in the north-eastern sector of the bushland. It runs down- gradient from Banksia attentuata/ B. ilicifolia open woodland across the basin of a M. rhaphiophylla/ E. rudis/ B. littoralis wetland and back upslope into terrestrial vegetation (Figure 21). Dense sedges dominate the lowest areas of the wetland. A track bisects plot B. a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 21: Harewoods Rd wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Tree canopy condition has declined slightly since 2006, with a mean decrease of 2.2% over the past 12 months (Tables 5 and 26). The total number of exotics has decreased 42.86% (7 – 4 species) since the last assessment, further reducing the already low weediness indices in most sub-plots (Table 27). Species composition across the transect is 80% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Seven tree species occurred in Plot A (Appendix 1.11, Table 26). Small B. ilicifolia, B. grandis and small to moderate sized B. littoralis were most abundant, followed by small B. attenuata, M. preissiana and E. marginata with a single C. calophylla also recorded. The mean health of B. ilicifolia, C. calophylla and M. preissiana declined during 2007, while increasing in the other three species (Table 26). Nine B. littoralis seedlings were noted in the understorey.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 54 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Dasypogon bromeliifolius remained the most abundant species in sub-plot A1 along with the native shrubs, A. meisneri, A. pulchella and Phyllanthus calycinus and the sedge, L. longitudinale. One of the 18 species recorded in this sub-plot was exotic. The exotic grass, Briza maxima, was the most abundant species in A2 with A. meisneri and Hibbertia commutata also common. One of the 18 species recorded in 2006 and one of the 19 recorded in 2007, were exotic.

Small, healthy B. grandis were dominant in the overstorey of Plot B, in which small to medium sized B. littoralis and M. preissiana also occurred. The mean health of M. preissiana and B. littoralis declined in this plot also however, two B. littoralis seedlings were recorded during the current assessment.

Adenanthos meisneri remained most abundant in the understorey, followed by L. longitudinale and the native sedge, Hypolaena pubescens however, the abundance of the exotic, Briza maxima, had declined. Fifteen and 20 species were recorded in 2006 and 2007 respectively with one exotic noted in both years. The sparse understorey of B2 was still dominated by H. pubescens and A. meisneri. Three of the 17 species recorded in B2 in 2006 were exotic, two of the 14 recorded in 2007.

Although B. littoralis was the most abundant tree species in Plot C, with a new seedling recorded in 2007, a single, large M. preissiana dominated the plot. A medium sized E. rudis and several small C. calophylla also occurred in the plot. The mean health of M. preissiana and C. calophylla declined in 2007.

Hypolaena pubescens was still dominant in the understorey of sub-plot C1 with L. longitudinale and H. pubescens, A. meisneri and a native herb, Conostylis aculeata remained dominant in C2. Thirteen species, including one exotic, were recorded in C1 in 2006 and 12 with one exotic in 2007. In C2, 15 native and two exotics were identified in 2006 and 15 and one in 2007.

Adult B. littoralis and C. calophylla and seedlings/ saplings of these species were dominant in Plot D. Individual M. preissiana and E. rudis also occurred in the plot. The canopy health of B. littoralis and C. calophylla declined during 2007.

Hypolaena pubescens was still abundant in the understorey of sub-plot D1 along with the native sedge, Schoenus indatus, a Priority 1 species. Hibbertia stellaris and L. longitudinale were also common. Ten native and two exotic species were recorded in 2006 and ten and one in 2007. D2 was still dominated by L. longitudinale, C. aculeata, H. pubescens and Lomandra sp. Nineteen native and one exotic species were recorded in D1 in 2006 and 18 native and one n 2007.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 2.66 m and minimum of 1.42m (Figure 22).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 55 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 26: Harewoods Rd - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter B.i. <2 – <2-16.8 ------range2 16.7 B.g. <2-15.1 <2-15 <2 – 10.3 <2-11.1 - - - - B.a. <2- 21.9 <2-22 ------C.c. 11.8- 14 12-15 - - <2 - 5 <2-5.6 <2 – 21.6 <2-22 M.p. 11.5- 35 11.5-35.8 10 – 20.2 10-20.8 110 110 8.3 – 24.5 8.1-25.8 E.m. <2-14.3 <2-14.3 ------B.l. <2- 41.5 <2-42 <2 – 29.4 <2-31 <2 – 46.5 <2-47 <2 – 45.2 <2-45 E.r. - - - - 3.4 – 30.3 3.5-32 14.4 – 14.5-28 27.5 Health B.i. 22 20.3 ------Mean3 B.g. 20 20.4 22 22 - - - - B.a. 20.3 21 ------C.c. 21 18 - - 22 21 20 19.9 M.p. 19.5 17 23 21 21 19 15 15 E.m. 18.5 19 ------B.l. 17.8 19.4 19.6 18.8 17.3 18.3 19.3 18.6 E.r. - - - - 11 12 16 17 Health B.i. 19 – 23 15-23 ------Range B.g. 19 – 21 19-23 21 – 23 21-23 - - - - B.a. 19 – 21 21 ------C.c. 21 15-21 - - 21 – 23 21 15 – 23 17-21 M.p. 18 – 21 17 23 21 21 19 15 15 E.m. 18 – 19 19 ------B.l. 15 - 21 15-21 17 - 23 7-21 10 – 21 6-21 15 – 23 15-23 E.r. - - - - 11 12 16 17 Density4 B.i. 6 7 ------B.g. 6 6 2 2 - - - - B.a. 3 3 ------C.c. 1 2 - - 2 2 12 + 40 12 seedlings/ saplings M.p. 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 E.m. 2 1 ------B.l. 6 7 + 9 22 22 + 2 10 10 + 1 17 +14 17 + 35 seedlings seedlings seedling seedlings/ seedlings saplings E.r. - - - - 1 1 1 1 1Overstorey species – B.i. = Banksia ilicifolia; B.g. = Banksia grandis; B.a. = Banksia attenuata; C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; E.m. = Eucalyptus marginata; B.l.= Banksia littoralis; E.r. = E. rudis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot. Table 27: Harewoods Rd - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 18 19 18 18 15 20 17 14 13 12 17 16 12 10 20 19 species No. 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 exotics Weediness 0.08 0.08 0.46 0.22 0.29 0.18 0.46 0.25 0.36 0.14 0.24 0.10 0.45 0.15 0.12 0.10 index

Centre for Ecosystem Management 56 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Transect elevation max min 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5

Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ (mAHD)level 0 20406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 22: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Harewoods Rd transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 57 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Franklandia Nature Reserve

The transect at this site is located near the western boundary of the reserve. It traverses a M. preissiana wetland running down-gradient from an area supporting few trees and little understorey into woodland over dense sedges (Figure 23). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

i. Figure 23: Franklandia Nature Reserve wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80- 60m. i) Plot D – example of declining canopy condition in Banksia littoralis.

Tree canopy condition has declined since 2006, with a mean decrease of 14.31% over the past 12 months (Tables 5 and 26). The total number of exotics has decreased 33.33% (6 – 4 species) since the last assessment, further reducing the already low weediness indices in most sub-plots (Table 27). Species composition across the transect is 84% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Two multi-stemmed M. preissiana formed the overstorey in Plot A (Appendix 1.12, Table 28). Mean tree health declined during 2007. Schoenus curvifolius and the wetland shrub, Hypocalymma angustifolium, dominated D1 (Appendix 2.12). Two of the 13 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, one of the 11 in 2007. A2 was dominated by S. curvifolius, Meeboldinia roycei, a unidentified native sedge, H. angustifolium and Melaleuca scabra. Two of the 14 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, one of the 11 in 2007.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 58 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

No tree species occurred in Plot B. The unidentified sedge from sub-plot A2 was the most abundant species in B1 with P. ellipticum and H. pubescens also common. Three of the 15 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, one of the 13 in 2007. P. ellipticum was also abundant in B2, along with the wetland shrub, Astartea fascicularis and the unidentified sedge. The nine species recorded in this plot in 2006 and the 10 in 2007, were native.

Large, multi-stemmed M. preissiana formed the bulk of the overstorey in Plot C, where two small to medium sized B. littoralis also occurred. Mean health declined markedly in B. littoralis and less significantly in M. preissiana.

The dominance of P. ellipticum, A. fascicularis and the unidentified sedge continued in sub-plot C1 with M. roycei also now abundant. Nine native and two exotic species occurred in sub-plot C1 in 2006, 11 natives only in 2007. P. ellipticum, A. fascicularis also remained abundant in C2 with S. indatus. Ten native and three exotics were recorded in C2 in 2006, 13 and one in 2007.

Although small B. littoralis were abundant in Plot D, a large M. preissiana was dominant in the overstorey. The health of both species declined slightly in 2007. Sedges and wetland shrubs dominated sub-plot D1, with S. indatus and Leptocarpus elegans most abundant and A. fascicularis now also common. Thirteen native and three exotic species were recorded in D1 in 2006, 13 and three in 2007. Another sedge, Baumea arthrophylla, remained extremely abundant in species-poor D2. Eight natives were identified in D2 in 2006 and 2007, with a single exotic recorded in 2007.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 2.14 m and minimum of 0.90m (Figure 24).

Table 28: Franklandia Nature Reserve - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter M.p. <2-56.3 <2-57 - - <2–63 <2-64 8.9 – 132 9.2-132 range2 B.l. - - - - 5.4–25.1 5.6-26 <2 – 26.2 <2-27 Health M.p. 19 16 - - 21 20.7 22.3 21.7 Mean3 B.l. - - - 22 11 20.5 20.4 Health M.p. 17 – 21 15-17 - - 19–23 17-21 21 – 23 21-23 Range B.l. - - - - 21–23 1-23 9 – 23 9-23 Density4 M.p. 2 2 - - 15 15 3 3 B.l. - - - - 2 2 11 11 1Overstorey species – M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; B.l.= Banksia littoralis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 59 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 29: Franklandia Nature Reserve - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 13 11 14 11 15 13 9 10 11 11 10 8 13 13 8 9 species No. 2 1 2 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 3 1 3 1 0 1 exotics Weediness 0.25 0.10 0.20 0 0.14 0.11 0 0 0.33 0 0.4 0.19 0.29 0.11 0 0.16 index

Transect elevation 26 max min 25.5

25

24.5

24

23.5

Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ (mAHD)level 23 0 20406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 24: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Franklandia Nature Reserve transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 60 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Manea Park

This transect was established in the centre of the reserve in area that had been burnt in summer bushfires. It runs from open C. calophylla woodland down-gradient through a stand of M. preissiana and B. littoralis and across the shrub dominated wetland basin (Figure 25). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 25: Manea Park wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

Vegetation on the transect at Manea Park continues to re-establish following fires in 2006. As a result mean canopy condition has improved 37.21% and seedling recruitment has occurred across much of the transect (Tables 5 & 30). Although exotic species richness has decreased by 16.67% (12 – 10 species) since the last assessment along with weediness indices, they remain higher at Manea Park than at many other criteria sites (Table 31). Species composition across the transect is 87% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Several small to medium sized C. calophylla and small M. preissiana formed the overstorey in Plot A (Appendix 1.13). The C. calophylla were not impacted by the 2006 fires and therefore did not show the same degree of recovery. In fact, the mean health of this species has declined during 2007. In comparison the canopy condition of the M. preissiana has improved markedly since the last assessment. Although no adult B. littoralis occur in this plot, 22 seedlings have recruited since the fire.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 61 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Sub-plot A1 was still dominated by D. bromeliifolius and X. preissii however, the cover of the creeper, Kennedia coccinea had declined. Seven of the 22 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, three of 19 in 2007. Poa annua, an exotic, annual grass, was previously the most abundant species in A2 however, seasonal drying has seen a huge reduction in its cover and abundance in 2007. The prevalence of L. longitudinale and Meeboldinia scariosa and Gastrolobium sp. has also declined leaving the native sedge, Lyginea barbata, and shrubs A, fascicularis and C. aculeata dominant. Four of the 15 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, one of 13 in 2007.

Small to medium sized B. littoralis formed the overstorey in Plot B with two small M. rhaphiophylla and 17 new resprouters also recorded. A great number of B. littoralis seedlings (420) have recruited since the assessment. The canopy condition of both species improved markedly during 2007.

The cover of P. annua was also greatly reduced in B2, with L. barbata and the small, native shrub Hibbertia stellaris, most abundant in 2007. Six of the 14 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, four of 13 in 2007. L. longitudinale was replaced by Melaleuca laterita, A. fascicularis and H. stellaris as the most dominant species in Sub-plot B2. Three of the 19 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, two of 22 in 2007.

The condition of the single M. rhaphiophylla sapling in Plot C improved during 2007. In addition, eight M. rhaphiophylla and 9 B. littoralis seedlings have germinated across the transect. Resprouting M. laterita were still dominant in the understorey of sub-plot C1 with L. longitudinale and the exotic, Hypochaeris glabra. Four of the 16 species in C1 in 2006 were exotic, and five of 19 in 2007. The dominance of M. laterita and L. longitudinale continued in the understorey of sub-plot C1 with H. stellaris and H. exculsa also now common. Five of 17 species in C2 in 2006 were exotic, four of 20 in 2007.

No mature trees were recorded in Plot D however, 10 resprouting M. rhaphiophylla and 10 seedlings were recorded in the current assessment. M. rhaphiophylla was still the most abundant species in D1 with L. longitudinale, H. exculsa, the native shrub Eutaxia virgata and Medicago sp. also common. Nine native and three exotic species were recorded in the plot in 2006, two aqnd 10 in 2007. L. longitudinale was also dominant in D2 with H. exculsa, H. stellaris, A. fascicularis, M. laterita and L. gracile. Two of the 18 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, two of 16 in 2007.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 2.40 m and minimum of 0.27 m (Figure 26). Of note is the near inundation of the second half of the transect during peak water levels.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 62 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 30: Manea Park - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter C.c. <2 – <2-44.5 ------range2 44.2 M.p. <2 – <2-15 ------14.5 B.l. - <2 <2 – 24.2 <2-25 - - - - M.r. - - <2 – 6.5 <2-6.7 <2 <2 - <2 Health C.c. 14.7 11.7 ------Mean3 M.p. 11.25 17.7 ------B.l. - - 15.3 18.4 - - - M.r. - - 10.5 19.3 11 19 - Health C.c. 9 – 22 13-21 ------Range M.p. 9 – 13 15-21 ------B.l. - - 4 – 22 0-23 - - - - M.r. - - 10 - 11 17-21 11 19 - 21-23 Density4 C.c. 6 6 ------M.p. 4 7 ------B.l. - 22 27 26 (1) - 9 - - seedlings +420 seedlings seedlings M.r. - - 2 17 1 1 + 8 10 10 + 8 resprouts seedlings resprouts seedlings 1Overstorey species – C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; B.l.= Banksia littoralis; M.r. = Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot. Table 31: Manea Park - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 22 19 15 13 14 17 19 22 16 19 17 20 12 12 18 16 species No. 7 3 4 1 6 4 3 2 4 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 exotics Weediness 0.76 0.25 0.4 0.15 0.79 0.44 0.3 0.14 0.4 0.48 0.55 0.34 0.37 0.38 0.25 0.21 index

Transect elevation max 16.5 min 16 15.5 15 14.5 14 13.5 13 12.5 12 Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ level (mAHD) 020406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 26: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Manea Park transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 63 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Hay Park

The transect is located in the northern sector of the park immediately east of the recreation centre. There is little change in elevation across the transect which runs from open C. calophylla/ M. preissiana woodland into a M. rhaphiophylla and B. littoralis dominated wetland (Figure 27). Trees and understorey are recovering following bushfires in 2007. a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

i) Figure 27: Hay Park wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0-20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m. i) large M. rhaphiophylla in Plot C.

Despite dumping of rubbish at this site and its proximity to urban development, the transect at Hay Park supported few exotic species in 2006. However, the abundance of exotics has increased 57.14% (7 – 11 species) in response to the 2007 fires as has the associated weediness indices (Tables 5 and 33). Although species diversity increased in most sub-plots, this was largely due to the increase in exotics. The understorey was also generally quite sparse. Mean canopy condition has declined 41.87% also as a result of the fire. Species composition across the transect is 65% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Small to large M. preissiana were dominant in the overstorey of Plot A (Appendix 1.14, Table 32). Small C. calophylla and B. littoralis and a single medium sized M.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 64 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain rhaphiophylla also occurred in the overstorey. The canopy condition of all trees declined following the 2007 fire however, all trees are now resprouting.

Species composition has changed markedly as a result of the fire. Although still present in the understorey of A1, X. preissii is no longer dominant with Lepisosperma sp., Gastrolobium sp. and the exotic, Trachyandra diffusa, now most prominent (Appendix 2.14). Eighteen native and one exotic species were recorded in this plot in 2006, 21 and six in 2007. Agrosticrinum scabrum, Lepidosperma sp., X. preissii and Kunzea recurva remained dominant in A2, with Gastrolobium sp. now also common. One of 19 and five of 18 species recorded in 2006 and 2007 respectively, were exotic.

Small to large M. preissiana formed the majority of the overstorey in Plot B with two small M. rhaphiophylla also recorded. Although the condition of all trees declined as a result of the fire they are now resprouting.

Although the K. recurva H. angustifolium and A. scabrum were no longer dominant in sub-plot B1, Gastrolobium sp. and Lepidosperma sp. were still common with A. pulchella and T. diffusa. Two of the 17 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, nine of 22 in 2007. Gastrolobium sp. and Lepidosperma sp. were most prominent in B2 with the cover and abundance of A. scabrum and P. occidentalis having declined. Two of the 21 species identified in 2006 were exotic, five of 22 in 2007.

The overstorey of Plot C was dominated by small to moderate sized M. rhaphiophylla and moderate sized M. preissiana and B. littoralis. The canopy condition of all trees in this plot had also declined however, 63 new B. littoralis seedlings were noted.

A. scabrum, H. angustifolium and H. pubescens were no longer dominant in the understorey of C1 however, Gastrolobium sp. was still common with Lepidosperma sp.. Three of the 15 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, six of 20 in 2007. Lepidosperma sp. and Scaevola lanceolata replaced the native shrub Hakea trifurcate and H. pubescens as the dominant species in the understorey of sub-plot C2. Four of the 22 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, eight of 21 in 2007.

Small to very large M. rhaphiophylla formed the overstorey in Plot D with several small, B. littoralis and 18 new seedlings of this species also recorded. As with other plots the canopy condition of all trees has declined as a result of the fire.

The understorey of sub-plot D1 was still dominated by X. preissii however, the cover and abundance of previously common species, P. ellipticum and Lepidosperma sp. had declined. Two of the 25 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, four of 26 in 2007. X. preissii was also still common in D2 with Meeboldinia scariosa and Daviesia inflata. However, the cover of Pimelea sylvestris had declined. None of the 16 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic increasing to three out of 18 in 2007.

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 1.61 m and minimum of 0.02m (Figure 28). Of note is the near inundation of the majority of the transect during peak water levels.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 65 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 32: Hay Park - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter M.p. <2 – 58.4 <2-56 4.6 – 124 3.5-122 <2 – <2-50 - - range2 51.9 C.c. <2 – 7.2 <2-7.4 ------B.l. 9.6 – 11.3 <2-9.5 - - 18.1 – 25.8 <2 – 15.2 <2-15.3 26.9 M.r. 31.6 <2-30.3 <2 – 22.7 5.3-21.8 5.1 – 5.1-30 <2 – 103 <2-103 29.8 Health M.p. 18.8 8.8 18.5 9.1 21 9 - - Mean3 C.c. 18.5 5.8 ------B.l. 18 12.5 - - 21 15 21 19 M.r. 23 19 21 9 20 11 20.1 10.2 Health M.p. 14 – 21 7-9 13 – 21 7-13 19 – 21 9 - - Range C.c. 15 – 19 5-9 ------B.l. 17 – 19 9-16 - - 21 15 19 – 23 17-23 M.r. 23 19 19 – 23 9 19 – 21 9-15 18 – 21 5-19 Density4 M.p. 11 11 14 14 3 3 - - C.c. 4 + 9 4 + 8 (1) ------seedlings/ seedlings saplings B.l. 2 2 - - 1 1 + 63 4 4 + 18 seedlings seedlings M.r. 1 1 2 2 4 4 19 16 (3) 1Overstorey species – M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; B.l.= Banksia littoralis; M.r. = Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot. Table 33: Hay Park - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 19 21 19 18 17 22 21 22 15 20 22 21 25 26 16 18 species No. 1 6 1 5 2 9 2 5 3 6 4 8 2 4 0 3 exotics Weediness 0.09 0.68 0.11 0.42 0.23 0.89 0.18 0.42 0.35 0.68 0.37 0.83 0.14 0.35 0 0.21 index

Transect elevation max 5.5 min 5

4.5

4

3.5

3

2.5

Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ (mAHD) level 2 0 20406080 Distance along trasnect (m)

Figure 28: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Hay Park transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 66 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Kemerton

This transect was established in remnant vegetation near the centre of the Kemerton Industrial Park. Although there is little change in gradient across the majority of the transect, a drainage ditch has been excavated in Plot C. Melaleuca preissiana is dominant across the transect with E. rudis, M. rhaphiophylla and B. littoralis also occurring (Figure 29). a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h.

Figure 29: wetland vegetation monitoring transect. All photos taken looking diagonally across the plot. a). 0- 20m; b) 20-0 m; c) 20-40 m; d) 40-20 m; e) 40-60 m; f) 60-40 m; g) 60-80m; h) 80-60m.

The Kemerton site supported a number of exotics which were dominant in the relatively open understorey, resulting in higher than average weediness indices. The number of exotics increased 28.57% (7 – 11 species) during 2007 leading to even higher weediness indices in most sub-plots (Tables 5 and 35). The mean canopy condition of trees declined by 3.26% across the transect during 2007 (Table 34). Although five species of tree were recorded on the transect, a sixth species Melaleuca teretifolia was also present. Species composition across the transect is 78% similar to that recorded in 2006.

Melaleuca preissiana was the dominant tree species in Plot A of the Kemerton transect. A range of age groups were represented with individuals varying in size from small to extremely large (Appendix 1.15, Table 34). A single small C. calophylla was also recorded in the plot. The mean health of M. preissiana improved during 2007 while C. calophylla remained unchanged.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 67 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Although the exotic grass, Briza maxima, was still abundant in the understorey of sub- plot A1, seasonal drying of this species allowed native species including P. ellipticum, C. aculeata and L. longitudinale to become dominant (Appendix 2.15). Four of 17 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, two of 15 in 2007. Sub-plot A2 was still dominated by P. ellipticum and X. preissii. Three of the 17 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, five of 15 in 2007.

The health of the three small M. preissiana in Plot B declined during 2007. P. ellipticum was the dominant species in the understorey of sub-plot B1 with A. fascicularis and Lomandra sp. also prominent. Five of the 21 species recorded in this plot in 2006 were exotic, six of 18 in 2007. X. preissii and M. teretifolia were dominant in B2, with the cover and abundance of the previously common exotic grasses, P. annua and B. minor declining following seasonal drying. Five of the 18 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, three of 15 in 2007.

Small M. rhaphiophylla, E. rudis and C. calophylla formed the open overstorey of Plot C. The mean canopy condition of C. calophylla and E. rudis declined in2007, while M. preissiana remained unchanged.

P. annua was no longer dominant in sub-plot C1 with X. preissii, M. huegelii and C. aculeta now prominent. Five of 13 species in this plot in 2006 were exotic, three of 13 in 2007. L. longitudinale, P. ellipticum and M. huegelii were dominant in sub-plot C2 replacing P. annua and Hypochaeris glabra. Four of the 11 species in the plot in 2006 and 2007 were exotic.

Several small to moderately sized M. preissiana, E. rudis and B. littoralis formed the overstorey in Plot D. Although the health of E. rudis declined during 2007, the condition of M. preissiana remained unchanged and that of B. littoralis improved.

The sedges L. longitudinale and H. exculsa were no longer the most abundant species in the understorey of plot D1 being replaced with M. huegelii and C. aculeta. Five of the 16 species recorded in the plot in 2006 were exotic, two of 11 in 2007. The Priority 1 sedge, Schoenus indutus remained relatively abundant in D2 with H. glabra and Leucopogon propiquus also common. Three of the 15 species recorded in the plot in 2006 were exotic, four of 14 in 2007

Groundwater levels Hydrological data recorded at the piezometer during 2007 indicated a maximum depth to groundwater of 3.28 m and minimum of 1.05 m (Figure 30).

Centre for Ecosystem Management 68 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Table 34: Kemerton - summary of transect data including number of species and exotics, weediness index and diameter, health and density of overstorey species. Plot A B C D Year Spec1. 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 Diameter M.p. <2 – 101 <2-101 <2 – 11.2 <2-11.5 - - 6 – 14 6-14.5 range2 C.c. <2 <2 - - 9.6 9.6 - - M.r. - - - - <2 – 7.7 <2-7.8 - - E.r. - - - - 3 – 11 3.2-11.4 3.1 – 29.8 3.3-30 B.l. ------5.2 – 21.3 5.2-2.4 Health M.p. 15.95 17.15 21 19.7 - - 21 21 Mean3 C.c. 21 21 - - 23 19 - - M.r. - - - - 23 23 - - E.r. - - - - 22 21.8 19.3 17 B.l. ------21 21.5 Health M.p. 8 – 21 7-21 17 – 23 17-21 - - 21 21 Range C.c. 21 21 - - 23 19 - - M.r. - - - - 23 23 - - E.r. - - - - 21 – 23 20-23 18 – 21 13-19 B.l. ------19 - 23 21-22 Density4 M.p. 48 + 11 48 + 11 3 3 - - 1 1 seedlings/ saplings C.c. 1 1 - - 1 1 - - M.r. - - - - 1 1 - - E.r. - - - - 4 4 3 3 B.l. ------2 2 1Overstorey species – M.p. = Melaleuca preissiana; C.c. = Corymbia calophylla; M.r. = Melaleuca rhaphiophylla E.r. = Eucalyptus rudis; B.l.= Banksia littoralis 2Diameter Range is the range in individual stem diameters (cm) at breast height (1.3m). 3Mean health rating for all overstorey species. 4Density is number of trees in each plot.

Table 35: Kemerton - summary of understorey data (all plots are 5 x 5m). Plot A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Year 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06 07 No. 17 15 17 15 21 18 18 15 13 13 11 11 16 11 15 14 species No. 4 2 3 5 5 6 5 3 5 3 4 4 5 2 3 4 exotics Weediness 0.84 0.28 0.38 0.69 0.47 0.83 0.54 0.38 0.69 0.56 0.68 0.90 0.88 0.38 0.53 0.70 index

Centre for Ecosystem Management 69 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Transect elevation max min 12

11

10

9

8

7

Elevation/ groundwaterElevation/ (mAHD)level 6 020406080 Distance along transect (m)

Figure 30: Elevations and 2007 minimum and maximum water levels measured across the Kemerton transect.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 70 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Discussion Although general comment can be made on changes in canopy condition, exotic abundance and species composition the paucity of current hydrological data prevents any meaningful analysis of impacts from potential changes in water regimes.

Canopy condition

Trees tend to persist in highly disturbed plant communities when most other natives disappear, implying a greater lag response to altered water regimes, therefore they are often better suited as long-term indicators of vegetation health (Froend, Loomes, & Rogan, 2005).

A general decline in mean tree health was noted across the majority of transects. Although the greatest decline of 42% was recorded at Hay Park, this actually reflected the impact of 2007 bushfires and, as all trees were resprouting, is not expected to represent a response to reduced water availability. Further examples of bush fire response are Spanish Settlers Reserve and Manea Park, were improved canopy condition is due to canopy recovery after fires in 2006.

Moderate canopy condition declines were recorded at Locke Nature Reserve (NR), Franklandia NR, Ludlow Rail Reserve, Capel NR and Taylors NR (terrestrial). Although it is possible that these declines are a result of monitoring later in the season, and therefore representative of a seasonal variation, it is more likely that they reflect drying conditions and changes in water regime. This is especially likely at Capel NR and Franklandia NR where greatest declines were recorded in Banksia littoralis, a species known to be sensitive to water level decline. Canopy declines in Melaleuca preissiana and Eucalyptus rudis at Locke NR may also reflect drying conditions. In contrast, at Ludlow NR and the Taylors NR terrestrial site, canopy declines were greatest in the terrestrial species, Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla. It is possible that this reflects the water logging of these sites noted in 2006 however, further hydrological data are required before a more accurate analysis can be made.

Small declines in canopy condition were noted at Vasse-Yallingup Siding, Harewoods Rd, Ambergate Reserve and the Kemerton site. There was no clear distinction in changes in condition between wetland and terrestrial species at these sites. Canopy health improved marginally in wetland tree species at the remaining two sites, Taylors NR wetland and Tutunup.

Exotics

High levels of weed invasion are reflective of changes to community structure, which in turn may be a result of changes within the water regime, and given that weed species are generally quick to colonise disturbed areas, they can be used as short-term indicators of vegetation health (Froend et al., 2005). However, an increase in exotics can also reflect increased disturbance, especially through fire.

The influence of fire on exotic species richness was evident at Spanish Settlers Reserve and Manea Park where the high number of species recorded in 2006 following fires

Centre for Ecosystem Management 71 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain declined during 2007 as native species continued to regenerate and re-establish dominance. Species richness was also increased at Hay Park in 2007 following fires.

Although exotics are a useful indicator of community change, many species exhibit an annual life cycle and generally ‘die-off’ over the summer months. As monitoring occurred slightly later in the 2007 spring season, some of the declines in species richness may be attributed to seasonal variations. Sites at which species richness declined were Ambergate NR, Ludlow Rail Reserve, Harewoods Rd and Franklandia NR.

Exotic species richness increased at the remaining sites, possibly as a result of drying conditions. Increased richness corresponded with declines in canopy condition at a few sites suggesting drying may be having an impact. This was noted at the following sites Vasse-Yallingup Siding, Locke NR, both Taylor NR sites, Capel NR and Kemerton. Tutunup was the only site that recorded an improvement in canopy condition and an increase in exotic species richness.

Changes in community composition

The greatest change in overall species composition was recorded at Hay Park (65% similar), which was burnt in the 2007 fires. Vasse-Yallingup experienced the smallest change (96% similar), while species composition at all other sites varied by a similar degree (77 – 87% similar). This most likely is a reflection of seasonal variation in the presence/ absence of annual species rather than a response to drying.

Conclusion Although a general decline in mean tree health was noted across the majority of transects the greatest decline occurred at Hay Park which had experienced a fire during 2007. Marked improvement in canopy condition was noted at Manea Park and Spanish Settlers Reserve which continued to recover from 2006 fires.

Changes were also noted in exotic species richness however, this appeared to mostly relate to fires and/ or seasonal variations in the presence/ absence of annual species. A similar finding was recorded for overall composition change.

At this stage there is insufficient water level data to support any relationship between changes in water regime and vegetation condition. Therefore it is not possible to reject or accept of any of the hypotheses postulated within the monitoring program.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 72 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Appendices

Appendix 1: Overstorey data 1.1 Vasse -Yallingup Siding Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Eucalyptus 731 17.3 17 3,5,3 – 11 marginata 726 11.9 17 7,5,5 – 17 734 7.9 19 7,7,5 – 19 Corymbia calophylla 725 21.1 23 7,5,5 – 17 724 6.3 19 1,3,4 – 8 722 8.2 19 5,5,5 – 15 721 16.7 23 7,5,5 – 17 723 14.0 23 9,7,5 – 21 727 5.5 15 5,5,5 – 15 729 12.6 17 7,5,5 – 17 728 3.9 15 7,3,5 – 15 730 19.7 23 9,7,5 – 21 732 13.4 21 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 19 15 NT <2 19 15 733 6.7 21 5,5,5 – 15 735 20.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 736 19.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 15 737 9.3 21 7,5,5 – 17 720 8.8 7 1,1,5 – 7 NT 2.5 11 11 719 17.4 19 7,5,5 – 17 718 15.9 Dead Dead NT 12.5 13 13 738 32 23 9,7,4 – 20 739 4.4 7 1,1,5 – 7 740 21.7 11 3,3,4 – 10 741 11 19 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 11 11 742 10.6 19 5,5,7 – 17 743 16.5 7 3,3,5 - 11 744 7.4 11 3,3,5 – 11 745 7.3 19 3,3,5 - 11 746 19.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 747 12.8 7 1,1,5 – 7 748 17.8 23 9,9,5 – 23 749 7.5 19 7,5,5 – 17 750 9.2 8 1,3,4 – 8 751 5 19 7,7,5 – 21 752 16 21 7,7,5 – 21 NT 3 11 11 753 5.1 23 7,7,5 – 19

Centre for Ecosystem Management 73 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

754 16.7 21 7,5,5 – 17 755 14.7 23 9,7,5 – 21 756 4.3, 4.1 23 5,7,5 – 17 757 7.7 19 7,5,5 – 17 758 7.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 Corymbia calophylla 759 14 23 9,9,5 – 23 760 4.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 761 11.8 23 9,9,5 – 23 762 6.6 19 7,5,5 – 17 763 12 23 9,7,5 – 21 764 7.8 19 7,5,5 – 17 765 15.8 23 9,9,5 – 23 766 7.3 19 9,7,5 – 21 767 7.0 19 7,5,5 – 17 768 9 23 9,7,5 – 21 769 15.1 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 19 NT 2.5 19 Dead 770 6.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 771 5.3 17 7,5,5 – 17 772 8.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 773 6.7 23 9,7,5 – 21 774 4.7 17 7,5,5 – 17 775 9.3 10 3,3,5 – 11 776 10 21 9,7,5 – 21 777 9.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 778 11.3 23 9,9,5 – 23 NT 3 11 11 779 9.2 8 1,1,5 – 7 780 34.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 15 15 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 11 11 NT <2 15 15 781 8.2 21 5,5,5 – 15 782 8.2 15 5,5,5 – 15 783 4.3 17 5,7,5 – 17 784 15.4 23 9,7,5 – 21 785 13 21 9,7,5 – 21 786 9 21 9,7,5 - 21 NT <2 15 Dead NT <2 15 13 NT <2 15 13 NT <2 15 13 NT <2 15 13 NT <2 15 13 NT <2 15 13 NT <2 15 13 787 9 13 3,3,5 – 11 788 11 23 9,7,5 – 21 789 3.7 17 3,3,5 – 11 790 11.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 791 4.4 17 3,3,5 – 11 792 12.6 23 9,7,5 – 21 793 7.3 17 3,3,5 - 11

B Eucalyptus 624 10.9 21 9,7,4 - 20 marginata 625 9.9 21 9,7,4 – 20

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654 10, 5.6 20 9,7,4 – 20 657 21 23 9,9,5 – 23 658 5.6 21 5,5,5 – 15 659 7.6 23 7,3,5 – 15 661 5.7 20 3,5,3 – 11 662 26 23 9,7,5 – 21 666 9.0, 8.1 21 5,3,5 – 13 667 7.7 16 7,5,5 – 17 668 8.8, 7.6 12 5,5,5 – 15 670 8.3 17 3,5,5 – 13 675 14 21 9,7,5 – 21 676 19, 8.3 20 9,7,5 – 21 677 9.2 16 5,3,5 – 13 Corymbia calophylla 620 17, 18.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 621 18 23 9,9,5 – 23 622 17.3 23 9,9,5 – 23 623 11.1 19 7,5,5 – 17 NT 3.2 21 21 NT 3.7 21 21 NT <2 17 17 NT <2 17 17 626 7.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 627 12.6 23 9,9,5 – 23 628 9 17 7,7,5 – 19 629 11.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 630 6.2 21 9,7,5 – 21 631 9.9 23 9,7,5 – 21 632 3.7 21 9,7,5 – 21 633 10.3 23 9,7,5 – 21 634 15 19 7,5,5 – 17 635 10.7, 12.1 16 5,5,5 – 15 636 5.6 21 9,7,5 – 21 637 13.8 8 1,1,5 – 7 638 6.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 639 6.5 21 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 16 16 NT <2 16 14 NT <2 16 14 NT <2 16 14 NT <2 16 14 NT <2 16 14 NT <2 16 14 NT <2 16 14 640 6.3 23 9,9,5 – 23 641 3.1 19 7,5,5 – 17 642 2.1 17 5,5,5 – 15 643 3.6 Dead Dead 644 7.2 14 5,3,5 – 13 645 7.2 21 7,5,5 – 17 646 2.6 9 1,1,5 – 7 647 3.4 17 3,3,5 – 11 648 7.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 649 4.0 19 7,5,5 – 17 650 4.6 14 5,3,5 – 13 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 17 13 NT <2 17 17

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NT <2 17 16 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 17 13 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 17 14 NT <2 17 16 NT <2 17 15 NT <2 17 13 651 10 23 9,9,5 – 21 652 2.5 21 7,5,5 – 17 653 7.0 9 5,3,5 – 13 NT <2 19 11 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 17 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 17 NT <2 19 17 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 20 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 17 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 20 NT <2 19 17 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 20 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 18 NT <2 19 17 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 19 NT <2 19 20 655 3.3 19 7,7,5 – 19 656 5.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 660 6.6 21 5,3,5 – 13 663 6.6 21 5,3,5 – 13 664 15.2 23 9,7,5 – 21 665 10.3 21 5,3,5 – 13 669 12.6 14 5,5,5 – 15 671 10 19 7,5,5 – 17 672 5.6 21 9,7,5 – 21 673 8.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 674 11 9 3,3,2 – 8 678 72.8 18 9,5,5 – 19 NT <2 21 21 NT <2 21 21 NT <2 21 21 NT <2 21 20 NT <2 21 22

Centre for Ecosystem Management 76 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

NT <2 21 21 NT <2 21 22 NT <2 21 20 C Eucalyptus 679 23.8, 24.0 23 9,7,5 – 21 marginata 682 7.4, 7.6 16 5,5,5 – 13 684 10.6, 5.9 20 9,7,5 – 21 689 7.9 16 5,3,5, - 13 690 12.7 21 7,5,5 – 17 691 9.4, 9.2 21 5,7,5 – 17 693 17.7 18 5,5,5 – 15 681 9.4 21 7,5,5 – 17 Corymbia calophylla 680 26 23 9,7,5 – 21 683 17.5 23 9,5,5 – 19 685 16 23 7,5,5 – 17 686 17.2 18 7,3,5 – 15 687 7.6 16 5,3,5 – 13 688 6.1 19 5,3,5 – 13 694 29.4 18 5,3,5 – 13 695 11.2 21 5,5,5 – 15 696 14.5, 7.6 23 7,5,5 - 17 697 11.8 21 5,5,5 – 15 698 22.1 17 7,3,5 – 15 699 20.9, 19.6, 3.7 23 9,5,5 – 19 NT 22, 23 9,5,5, - 19 700 6.8 15 3,3,5 – 11 794 18, 38 23 9,5,5 – 19 796 24.4 20 7,5,5 – 17 Melaleuca 692 21.6, 16.1 21 7,5,5 - 17 preissiana Banksia littoralis 795 7.7 23 9,7,5 – 21

D Eucalyptus 801 17.3, 21.7, 24.2 21 9,7,5 - 21 marginata Corymbia calophylla 797 14.4 21 5,3,5 – 13 798 17.4, 12 23 9,5,5 – 19 799 15.1 23 7,5,5 – 17 800 47.4, 16.4 18 9,5,5 – 19 NT 3.4 9 9 802 13.7, 10 9 7,5,5 – 17 803 35.1 20 9,7,5 – 21 804 6.5 17 5,5,5 – 15 805 8.3 15 7,5,5 – 17 806 12.3 19 5,7,5 – 17 807 16.2 11 5,3,5 – 13 808 14.4 21 9,7,5 – 21 809 13.4 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT 3.7 19 19 810 18 16 9,5,5 – 19 811 14.6 21 7,5,5 – 17 NT 2.8 7 7 812 15.1 9 3,5,5 - 13 813 8.5 19 5,5,5 – 15 814 12.8 17 5,5,5 – 15 815 8.5 13 5,3,5 – 13 816 3.9, 3.1 10 5,3,3 – 11 NT 5 3,3,3 – 9 827 8.4 17 7,5,5 – 17 832 19.4 23 9,7,5 - 21

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833 14.4 21 5,5,5 – 15 834 22.1 19 9,7,5 – 21 835 5.7 13 3,3,5 - 11 Melaleuca 817 22.1 20 9,5,5 – 19 preissiana 828 14.5 19 3,3,3 – 9 829 14.5, 15.7 19 7,3,3, - 13 830 25 19 9,5,5 – 19 831 20.7, 6.8, 8.5 19 9,5,5, - 19

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1.2 Locke Nature Reserve Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Melaleuca 836 36.4 21 9,7,4 – 20 rhaphiophylla 837 6.7, 4, 7.4, 9, <2 ,<2, <2, <2, 19 5,5,4 – 14 <2, <2, <2, <2, 8.8, 6.9, 5.6, 2.9, 3.2, 3.2, 3 838 23.3, 22.7, 11 21 7,5,4 – 16 839 32.4, 7.9 19 7,7,5 – 19 840 17.7, 15.5, 10.3, 12.2, 10.4 19 7,7,5 – 19 841 16.9, 13.5, 8.3, 9.4 17 7,7,5 – 19 843 39.9 21 7,5,5 – 17 845 14, 13.4, 19.8, 21.4, 28.4, 17 5,5,4 – 14 11.5, 10.8, 5.7, 4.9, 8.2, 13.5, 24.1 846 24.7, 14, 10.9, 18, 8.4, 14.5, 21 5,7,4 – 16 5.2, 14 Eucalyptus rudis 842 25.6 14 5,5,4 – 14 844 13.6, 8.3 18 5,5,4 – 14

B Melaleuca 847 9.5, 6.1, 5.8, 5.6, 5.1 19 7,5,4 – 16 rhaphiophylla 848 20.5, 17.8, 15.8 23 7,5,5 – 17 850 12.4 17 7,5,4 – 16 851 17.5, 16.1, 12.9, 7.3 21 7,5,4 – 16 854 13.9, 7.9, 8, 8.7, 7 17 7,5,4 – 16 Eucalyptus rudis 849 37.6 19 9,5,3 – 17 NT <2 15 9,7,5 – 21 852 50.9 20 5,3,3 – 11 853 22.7, 9.3, 17.5 19 5,3,3 – 11 855 38.4 14 5,3,3 – 11 856 9.7, 9.6 4 1,3,1 – 5 857 26.7, 28.2 17 5,3,1 - 9

C Melaleuca 859 12.7, 10 17 7,5,5 – 17 rhaphiophylla 863 5, 5.3, <2, <2, <2, <2, <2, 19 7,5,4 – 16 <2 865 24.4, 9.2, 8.1, 12 21 7,5,4 – 16 Eucalyptus rudis 858 43.8, 26, 20.2 15 5,5,3 – 13 860 16.3, 23.5, 13.5 15 5,5,3 – 13 861 31.7, 2.8, <2 15 7,5,3 – 15 862 26.7 17 5,3,3 – 11 864 32.8 17 5,3,3 - 11

D Melaleuca 868 6, 4.4, 2.5, 3.4, <2, <2, <2, 17 7,5,4 – 16 rhaphiophylla <2 869 12.8, 11.9, 4.4, 4.3, 3.3, 21 7,5,4 – 16 3.6, 3.8 870 12, 5.9, 3 19 7,7,4 – 18 871 22.1, 16.4, 19.5, 21.3, 5.8, 19 9,7,4 – 20 5.3, 4.2, 2.8 Eucalyptus rudis 866 6, 4.2, 3.5, 4, <2, <2, <2, <2 16 7,5,5 – 17 867 75, 42.3 19 9,7,5 – 21 Melaleuca cuticularis 872 13.3 21 9,7,5 - 21

Centre for Ecosystem Management 79 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.3 Taylors Nature Reserve - terrestrial Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Eucalyptus 882 30.2 23 9,9,5 – 23 marginata 884 24 21 7,7,5 – 19 890 21.4 12 9,7,5 – 21 891 24.1 21 9,7,5 – 21 906 70.6 18 9,9,4 – 22 NT <2 9 9 Corymbia calophylla 873 22.8 9 3,3,5 – 11 874 17.9 9 3,3,1 – 7 NT 2.6 13 13 875 8.4 15 3,3,5 – 11 876 13.7 21 7,5,5 – 17 877 18.5 13 3,3,5 – 11 878 15.9 17 5,7,5 – 17 879 8.1 21 5,7,5 - 17 880 11 17 3,3,5 – 11 881 12.1 15 3,3,5 - 11 883 10 21 7,5,5 – 17 885 16.1 19 7,5,5 – 17 886 11.2 21 5,5,5 – 15 887 8.6 19 3,3,5 – 11 888 8.2 15 7,5,5 – 17 889 6.9 19 7,7,5 – 19 892 7.2 21 9,7,5 – 21 893 13.5 19 7,3,5 – 15 894 17.7 21 7,7,5 – 19 895 19.1 19 7,5,5 – 17 896 11.7 12 3,3,4 – 10 897 11.8 17 3,3,5 – 11 898 22.8 21 7,7,5 – 19 901 28.5 19 7,7,5 – 19 902 10.4 15 5,3,5 – 13 903 9.4 17 7,7,5 – 19 904 13.5 7 1,1,5 – 7 905 29.7 23 9,9,5 – 23 907 9 11 1,1,3 – 5 908 23.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 909 10.8 19 7,7,5 – 19 910 14.7 23 9,7,5 – 21 911 8.8 19 7,7,5 – 19 912 8.8 17 7,5,5 – 17 913 10.2 19 7,5,5 – 17 914 8.1 19 5,5,5 – 15 915 18 13 7,7,4 – 18 916 9.2 17 5,5,5 – 15 917 7 17 7,5,4 – 16 918 16.8 19 7,5,5 – 17 919 11.7 19 7,5,5 – 17 920 51.9 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT 3.5 21 3,1,5 – 9 NT 3 21 21

B Eucalyptus 932 23.8 21 9,7,5 - 21 marginata 933 26.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 936 102 19 9,7,5 – 21

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939 11.6 19 9,9,5 – 23 940 18.7, 55.3 23 9,7,4 – 20 943 36.7 21 7,9,5 – 21 948 12.2, 22.6 23 9,7,4 – 20 Corymbia calophylla 921 12.8 13 3,3,5 – 11 922 25.9 21 9,7,5 – 21 923 8.4 7 3,3,3 – 9 NT 3 21 21 924 24.3 23 9,7,5 – 21 925 13 21 9,5,5 – 19 926 19.8 18 7,5,5 – 17 927 10.3 11 7,3,1 – 11 928 8.4 19 9,5,4 – 18 929 17.6 23 9,7,5 – 21 930 35.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 931 14.3 21 7,7,5 – 19 934 14.4 19 7,7,5 – 19 935 17.4 21 7,5,4 – 16 937 18.7 19 5,5,5 – 15 938 7.9 19 5,5,5 – 15 941 13.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 942 31.3 20 9,5,5 – 19 944 13 23 9,5,5 – 19 945 12.8 23 5,5,5 – 15 946 5 23 9,7,5 – 21 947 12.2 Dead Dead 949 5.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 950 25 11 3,5,4 – 12 951 17.8 23 7,5,5 – 17 952 12.1 23 9,7,5 - 21

C Eucalyptus 971 48.9 21 7,3,5 – 19 marginata 972 11, 11.9 23 7,5,5 – 17 979 30 23 7,7,5 – 19 Corymbia calophylla 953 9.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 954 13.6 23 9,7,5 – 21 955 13.0 23 7,5,5 – 17 956 22 23 9,7,4 – 20 957 12 21 5,5,5 – 15 958 19.4 23 9,7,5 - 21 959 13.1, 18, 52 19 7,5,5 – 17 960 8 17 5,5,5 – 15 961 12.7 19 3,3,5 – 11 962 14.4 23 3,3,5 – 11 963 8.1 21 7,5,5 – 17 964 5.9 17 7,5,5 – 17 965 17.4 23 9,7,5 – 21 966 18.1 23 9,7,5 – 21 967 11 23 9,5,5 – 19 968 20.1 20 9,5,4 – 18 NT <2 21 21 696 22.1 23 9,7,5 – 21 970 19 21 7,7,5 – 19 973 42 23 9,5,5 - 19 974 10.4 15 5,5,5 – 15 975 7.7 21 5,3,5 – 13 976 8.4 21 7,7,5 – 19 977 22.7 23 9,7,5 – 21

Centre for Ecosystem Management 81 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

978 100 16 5,5,4 – 14 980 12.6 23 5,5,5 – 15 981 12.6 23 7,7,5 – 19 801 10.1 23 9,7,5 – 21 802 5.5 13 3,3,5 – 11 803 22.8 19 5,3,5 – 13 804 10.8 19 5,5,5 – 15 805 5.7 19 5,3,5 – 13 808 16.5 21 5,3,5 - 13 809 8.8 23 9,7,5 - 21

D Eucalyptus 810 5.7 21 5,3,5 – 13 marginata 811 46.2 20 7,7,5 – 19 812 19.1 19 7,7,5 – 19 819 16.9 21 9,5,5 – 19 821 85.1 10 7,5,5 – 17 828 17 20 7,7,5 – 17 829 39.6 23 7,5,5 – 17 830 43.9 18 7,7,5 – 19 831 19.9, 17.8, 43.7, 8.8, 15.5, 19 9,7,5 – 21 19.5 834 44.1 23 9,7,5 – 21 835 43.3 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 13 13 Corymbia calophylla 806 6.8 15 3,3,5 – 11 807 17.1 21 5,3,5 – 13 813 7.5 11 3,3,3 – 9 814 11.2 21 5,3,5 – 13 815 41.3 20 7,5,5 – 17 816 25.4 19 7,3,5 – 15 817 8.2 13 5,3,5 – 13 818 8.2, 13.7 14 3,3,3 – 9 820 12.5 13 5,3,5 – 13 NT <2 16 16 822 15.5 21 7,5,5 – 17 823 23.1 21 9,5,5 – 19 824 12 22 7,5,5 – 17 825 5.5 21 5,5,5 – 15 826 22 18 7,3,5 – 15 827 6.5 10 3,3,3 – 9 832 19.2 23 9,7,5 – 21 833 8.7 15 5,3,5 - 13

Centre for Ecosystem Management 82 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.4 Taylors Nature Reserve – wetland Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Melaleuca 232 15.5, 10.6, 3.5 15 9,7,5, - 21 preissiana NT 3.5 5 5 NT 3.6 5 5 233 16.6 15 9,5,5 – 19 234 7.5, 4.5 15 5,5,5 -15 235 18.2, 5.1 17 7,5,5 – 17 236 14.2, 10.1, 17.0, 30.0 17 7,5,5 – 17 237 17.6 18 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 17 7,5,5 – 17 238 15.0 15 5,5,5 – 15 239 21.1 17 7,5,5 – 17 240 15.5 17 7,5,5 – 17 241 14.8, 8.1 16 7,5,5 – 17 243 32.1 19 9,5,5 – 19 244 20.2, 6.2, 6.7 16 9,5,5 – 19 245 21.5 12 5,5,5 – 15 246 11.3, 11.0, 11.8, 12.7, 10.3 16 7,5,5 – 17 247 40.7, <2, 6.3, 9.8 19 7,5,5 – 17 Corymbia calophylla 242 25.8, 24.5 15 5,5,5 – 15 248 17.6 19 5,5,4 – 14 NT <2 15 15

B Melaleuca 249 15.0, 11.3, 10.3, 11.4, 11.8, 18 5,5,5 – 15 preissiana 10.6, 12.7, 17.1, 15.1 250 12.9, 11.1, 13.3, 14.1, 9.7, 17 7,5,5 – 17 9.2, 11.8, 15.8 251 16.0, 16.3, 11.0, 10.2, 11.7, 14 5,5,5 – 15 8.4 252 26.3, 22.5, 13.2, 11.2 18 7,7,5 – 19 253 32.4, 31.5 20 7,7,4 – 18 254 12.0, 8.1, 6.3, 7.3 16 5,5,4 – 14 255 9.5 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT >2 19 19 257 4.5, 4.9, 4.8 21 9,5,5 – 19 Corymbia calophylla 256 6.8 21 9,9,5 - 23

Centre for Ecosystem Management 83 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.5 Ambergate Reserve Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Corymbia calophylla 556 19.2 21 9,7,5 – 21 557 19.1 21 9,7,5 – 21 558 14.1 21 7,7,5 – 19 559 25.6 20 7,5,4 – 16 560 25.4 21 7,5,5 – 17 561 19.3 17 5,5,5 – 15 562 9.3 23 7,5,5 – 17 563 14.6 20 9,7,5 – 21 564 8.7 11 5,5,4 – 14 565 39.8, 2.7 11 5,7,4 – 16 566 8.4 23 9,5,5 - 19 Banksia grandis NT <2 17 9,7,5 – 21

B Corymbia calophylla 567 26.4 19 9,7,5 – 21 Eucalyptus 569 8.9, 8.7 23 9,9,5 – 23 marginata 572 5, 2.7, 2.6, 2.9, 3.3 17 9,7,5 – 21 Banksia grandis 568 5.1 23 9,7,5 – 21 570 6.1 21 9,7,5 – 21 571 23.8 21 9,7,5 – 21

C Eucalyptus 576 27 7 1,1,5 – 7 marginata 578 17.4, 13.5, 7.4 17 9,5,5 – 19 Corymbia calophylla 573 7.6 21 9,5,5 – 19 574 3.1 15 9,7,5 – 21 575 156 18 9,7,4 – 20 577 33.1 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2, <2, <2 21 21

D Eucalyptus 580 27.6, 68.2, 8.7, 4.8 21 7,7,4 – 18 marginata Corymbia calophylla 579 10.9 23 9,7,5 – 21 Melaleuca 581 6.3,<2, <2 17 7,5,5 - 17 preissiana

Centre for Ecosystem Management 84 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.6 Spanish Settlers Reserve Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Corymbia calophylla 836 14.7 15 7,3,4 – 14 837 8.2 3 3,3,3 – 9 838 22.7 15 9,5,4 – 18 839 12 3 3,1,3 – 7 840 13 8 9,3,5 – 17 841 26.3 11 9,7,4 – 20 842 15 3 9,3,4 – 17 843 21.9, 10 4 7,3,4 – 14 844 28.3 11 7,7,4 – 18 846 31.4 11 3,3,4 – 10 847 17.4 13 3,3,3 – 9 848 6.2, 7,15.6 3 3,3,3 – 9 849 16.8 5 3,3,4 – 10 Melaleuca 845 4.5, 5.6, 10.6, 10.7, 4, 4.2, 4 7,7,4 – 18 preissiana 17.7

B Corymbia calophylla 850 14.0, 9.7 11 7,5,4 – 16 851 21.4, 11.3 9 5,5,4 – 14 852 17.2. 14 4 5,5,4 – 14 853 15.2 4 5,5,4 – 14 854 7.1 3 3,3,3 – 9 Melaleuca 855 14.5. 6.5,13.5 4 9,9,4 – 22 preissiana 856 8.1, 7.6 4 7,7,4 – 18 857 10.9, 5.7, 6.4, 3.4, 3, <2, <2, 3 9,5,1 – 15 <2, <2, <2, <2

C Melaleuca 858 20.5, 11.1, 8.9, 10, 6.9 4 9,5,3 – 17 preissiana

D Melaleuca 859 16, 5.5, 8.2, 3.9, 3.8 4 9,5,3 – 17 preissiana 860 7.9, 9.1, 7.2, 6.1, 6.4, 7.9, 3 7,5,3 - 15 8.2, 9.4, <2, <2, <2, <2, <2

All trees recovering from 2006 fires.

Centre for Ecosystem Management 85 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.7 Ruabon Reserve (replaces previous Ruabon site) Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 07 A Melaleuca 985 26.8, 11, 3.8, 9.2, 11.5, 13.5, 7,5,5 – 17 rhaphiophylla 15.6, 9.3, 8, 5, 8.3, 5.7 986 17, 19, 10.2, 15.5, 12.4, 10.3, 9,5,5 – 19 6.8, 6.8, 8.7, 6.4 NT <2, <2, <2, <2 7,5,5 - 17 Melaleuca preissiana NT <2, <2, <2 7,5,5 – 17

B Melaleuca 987 6.5, 5.3, 5.6, 2.8, 3.7 7,5,4 – 16 rhaphiophylla 988 10.2, 4.8, 4, 6.6, 4.5, 7.5, 6.6, 9,5,5 – 19 3.1, <2, <2, <2, 2.5, 4, 4.3, 5.5, 3, 2.5 NT 3, 7, 5, 4.5 5,7,5 – 17 989 8, 11.6, 12.3, 5, 5.5 7,3,5 – 15 990 3.4, 3, 4, 2, 2.8, 2.4, 2.8, 2.3 7,3,4 – 14

C Melaleuca 991 8.5, 5.6, 12, 8, 7.5, <2, 6.8, 6.5, 7,5,5 – 17 rhaphiophylla 9.8, 9.9 992 8.8, 6.3, 6.3, 7, 4.1, 5.5, 4.5, 4, 7,5,4 – 16 2.6, 2.5, 4 993 3, 4, 5, 3.5, 3, >2, 4.5, 5.7 9,5,4 – 18 994 6.5, 4.3, 2.8 7,5,5 – 17 995 6.5, 5.5, 8.3, 3, >2 7,3,5 – 15

D Corymbia calophylla 996 5.9, 2.8, 3.4, <2 7,5,4 – 16 997 29.8, 12.8, 6.9 9,5,5 - 19 998 12.8, 6.9 7,3,5 – 15 999 15.3, 26.3 7,5,5 – 17 1000 8.8, 15.2, 13.8 7,3,5 – 15 516 16.5 7,5,5 – 17 517 20.3 5,3,5 – 13 518 19.2 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 7,5,5 – 17 519 9.7 5,5,5 – 15 527 4 5,3,5 – 13 528 11 7,3,5 – 15 529 9.7 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 5,3,5 – 13 530 36.1 9,5,5 – 19 531 6.6 5,3,5 – 13 532 7.3 7,3,5 – 15 533 14.8 5,5,5 – 15 534 7.5 5,3,5 – 13 535 19.8, 14.3 9,7,5 – 21 536 24 9,5,5 – 19 537 19.2 9,5,5 – 19 538 6.8, 7.2, 4.5, 6.7, <2, <2 7,9,5 – 21 Melaleuca preissiana 539 10.7, 5.6, 3.3, 8.6, 7 7,3,5 – 15 540 8.6, 7 9,5,5 – 19

Centre for Ecosystem Management 86 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.8 Tutunup TEC Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A No trees

B Eucalyptus rudis NT 10.5 17 9,5,4 – 18

C Eucalyptus rudis NT 6.8 18 7,9,5 – 21 NT 5.0, 3.8, 3.4 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT 10.4, 7.0 20 9,7,5 – 21 NT 5.8 20 9,7,5 – 21 NT 9.4, 3.0 19 7,9,5 – 21 NT 12.5 20 9,7,5 – 21 NT 10.5, 4.3, 2.9, 6.0, 12.0 20 9,7,5 – 21

D Eucalyptus rudis NT 11.3, 5.9, 3.6, 8.8, 6.1, 5.9 17 7,5,3 - 15

Centre for Ecosystem Management 87 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.9 Ludlow Rail Reserve Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Corymbia calophylla 582 17.1 21 7,5,4 – 16 583 21.5 19 7,5,5 – 17 584 15.4, 3.9 21 9,7,4 – 20 585 15.9 21 9,3,4 – 16 586 7.6 19 5,5,5 - 15 587 15.2 23 9,7,5 – 21 590 7.7 19 7,3,5 – 15 593 13.9 23 7,5,5 – 17 594 8.3 19 3,3,3 – 9 595 12.9, 12.1 23 9,5,5 – 19 597 15.4 21 5,5,5 – 15 598 7 19 7,5,4 – 16 599 12.1 21 9,7,5 – 21 600 8 21 9,5,5 – 19 602 11.8 23 9,5,5 – 19 604 8.5 19 9,5,5 – 19 606 14.9 19 7,3,5 – 15 608 6.4 19 5,3,5 – 13 NT 2.3 21 5,5,3 – 13 609 13.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 5,5,5 - 15 611 9.6 21 7,5,4 – 16 612 7.6 17 3,5,3 – 11 613 15.9 23 9,7,5 – 21 614 10.4 21 7,5,5 – 17 615 13.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 617 88.2 15 7,7,4 – 18 NT <2 21 7,3,5 – 15 622 10.5 21 7,5,5 – 17 623 10.9 17 3,5,5 - 13 624 6.7 17 3,3,3 – 9 625 5.9 17 1,1,1 – 3 626 5.3 19 3,1,1 – 5 627 4.5 15 3,1,1 – 5 628 17.5 21 7,7,5 -19 630 15.4 23 7,5,4 – 16 631 9.1 19 3,3,4 – 10 632 13.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 633 18.1 23 9,9,5 – 23 634 11.1 21 7,5,5 – 17 635 8.1 17 3,3,3 – 9 637 4.7 15 1,1,1 – 3 638 3.4 17 5,5,3 – 13 639 2.8 17 5,7,4 – 16 640 24.8 23 9,7,4 – 20 641 14 21 5,7,5 – 17 642 6 19 3,1,2 – 6 645 6.3 4 1,1,1 – 3 646 8.3 14 1,1,1 – 3 647 14.7 23 9,9,5 – 23 648 8.2 19 5,5,4 – 14 649 12.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 650 13.2 21 7,7,5 – 19 651 9.4 19 5,5,5 – 15 652 15.8 19 5,5,4 - 14 653 5.6 19 7,7,4 – 18

Centre for Ecosystem Management 88 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

654 18.5 23 7,7,5 – 19 655 12.3 21 7,5,5 – 17 656 6.2 6 1,1,2 – 4 Eucalyptus 616 10.7 3 Dead marginata 620 9.7 7 1,1,1 – 3 621 8 18 5,7,4 – 16 NT <2 9 9,7,5 – 21 Eucalyptus rudis 588 31.3, 16.6, 10.9 19 7,5,5 – 17 Melaleuca 589 13.6, 6.5, 7.4, 4.2, 8, 3.2, 19 7,5,5 – 17 preissiana 2.5, 5.6 603 12.9, 12.3 19 7,3,5 – 15 607 14.8, 12.3, 15.5 21 7,5,5 – 17 618 10.3 15 5,5,4 - 14 619 4.7, 2.5, 4.2, 4.9, 5.9 21 7,3,5 – 15 629 6.9 17 5,5,5 – 15 658 5.4 21 5,3,5 – 13 Banksia littoralis 591 29.2 21 9,5,5 – 19 592 11 21 9,7,5 – 21 596 6 21 9,7,5 – 21 601 7.4, 3.1, 5.5, 4.5, 3.5, <2, 21 7,5,4 – 16 <2, <2, <2 605 4.6 17 5,3,5 – 13 610 20 23 9,7,5 – 21 636 17.7 21 9,5,5 – 19 NT <2 17 17 643 21.8 23 9,9,5 – 23 644 12.9 21 9,7,5 – 21 657 10.5 23 9,5,5 – 19

B Corymbia calophylla 660 7.7 21 7,5,5 – 17 661 14 19 7,5,4 – 16 663 8.2 15 3,3,5 – 11 664 9.4 17 3,5,5 – 13 665 11 21 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 - 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 - 5,5,4 - 14 666 9.2 16 5,5,5 – 15 667 14.7 19 7,5,5 – 17 669 13 15 5,3,5 – 13 671 9.5 21 5,5,4 – 14 672 15.5, 8.8 21 9,5,5 – 19 675 15.2 19 7,5,5 – 17 676 9.3 19 5,3,5 – 13 677 2.7 17 7,5,5 – 17 678 16.2, 15.2 21 7,7,5 – 19 680 7.4 17 7,5,5 – 17 681 15.8 18 7,5,4 – 16 682 14.9 21 7,5,4 – 16 683 10.1 7 3,3,3 – 9 684 8.1 17 9,5,5 – 19 685 16.3 17 7,5,5 – 17 686 10.4 17 7,5,5 – 17 687 14.7 18 7,3,5 – 15 689 14.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 688 3.7 17 5,5,5 – 15 689 8.9 23 7,5,5 – 17 690 <2, <2, <2, <2 5 1,3,1 – 5 693 12.9, 10.7 13 3,5,5 - 13

Centre for Ecosystem Management 89 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

NT <2 17 17 694 8 17 7,5,4 – 16 695 14.4 16 7,5,5, - 17 696 7.6 7 3,7,3 – 13 697 11.8 9 3,3,3 – 9 698 21.1 23 7,5,5 – 17 NT 3.1 21 5,3,2 – 10 699 4.9, 3.3 11 3,5,5 – 13 NT 3.0 - 5,3,2 – 10 700 9.5 21 7,5,5 – 17 701 9.9 11 3,1,3 – 7 702 6.0 11 3,3,2 – 8 704 6.1 17 5,5,5 – 15 705 10.7 17 7,5,5 – 17 706 8.8 19 3,3,5 – 11 708 14.4, 15.7 21 7,5,5 – 17 711 7.2 4 3,3,1 – 7 NT <2 - 1,1,1 – 3 712 <2 6 1,1,1 – 3 713 12.6 18 5,5,3 – 13 714 7.4 17 5,3,5 – 13 NT 3.1 13 3,1,1 – 5 715 15.4 17 5,3,5 – 13 716 14 16 7,5,4 – 16 717 6.3 21 5,5,4 – 14 718 11 9 3,1,1 – 5 720 3.8 17 5,5,5 – 15 721 12.6 7 3,3,1 – 7 722 13.1 11 5,3,4 – 12 NT <2 3,3,3 – 9 723 7.2 17 3,5,5 – 13 724 9.5, 2.9 6 1,3,1 – 5 725 3.9, <2 12 5,1,2 – 8 726 4.2 11 3,1,1 – 5 728 9.2 13 3,3,5 – 11 729 19 16 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 11 5,3,4 – 12 NT <2 - 1,1,1 – 3 730 16.9, 11.4 21 7,3,5 – 15 733 13.3 19 3,5,5 – 13 734 11.4 13 3,5,5 – 13 735 8.2 17 3,3,5 – 11 736 9.3 15 1,3,1 – 5 737 16.9 18 5,3,4 – 12 738 10 4 1,1,1 – 3 739 21.4 23 7,7,5 – 19 740 6.3 13 3,3,1 – 7 741 15.3 19 5,5,5 – 15 742 7.5 15 3,3,3 – 9 743 15.2 16 5,5,3 – 13 744 4.2 15 3,3,1 – 7 745 20, 21.8 23 7,5,5 – 17 746 13.8 18 5,3,1 – 8 747 8.6 21 7,5,5 – 17 748 5.7 21 7,5,5 – 17 749 10.4 23 9,5,5 - 19 NT 2.8 15 3,5,5 – 13 NT 3.7 17 3,5,5 – 13 NT 3.8 4 1

Centre for Ecosystem Management 90 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

NT <2 5 3,3,2 – 8 NT 2.9 17 3,3,2 – 8 750 7.8 19 5,3,5 – 13 751 7.3 21 5,3,5 – 13 NT 3.7 4 7,5,5 – 17 NT 3, <2 19 7,5,4 – 14 NT <2 - 1,1,4 – 6 NT <2 - 3,3,5 – 11 752 4.4, 2.6 21 7,5,5 – 17 753 16.3 20 9,5,5 – 19 754 18 19 7,5,5 – 17 755 13.4 19 7,5,3 – 15 Eucalytpus 670 11.7, 6.6, 4.8 8 1,1,1 – 3 marginata 703 10.9, 12.2, 9.1 3 1,1,1 – 3 710 11.7, 12.3, 7.6, 13.2, 12.9, 6 5,3,2 – 10 10.2 731 9.6, 8.0, 8.5, 11.2, 7.0, 6.1 8 1,3,1 – 5 Melaleuca 659 9.1, 13.3, 5.3, 3, 2.9, 8.2, 6.4 21 7,3,5 – 15 preissiana 691 13.6, 10.4, 7.5, 8.2, 10.5, 19 7,3,5 – 15 9.4, 11.8 707 9.5, 9.1, 6.2, 10.2, 10.5, 5, 19 7,3,4 – 14 7.9 719 7.4, 5.1, 9.4, 8.9, 4.6, 5.2, 13 7,3,5 – 15 12, 1.1, 8.4, 14.1, 14, 13.1, 10.5, 7.8, 5.5 Banksia littoralis 662 9.5 19 19 668 2.9, <2 15 7,3,5 – 15 673 10, 5.8, 7.9, 9.1, 7.8, 6.2, 17 5,3,5 – 13 3.2, <2, <2, <2 674 4.5, 2.3 21 9,5,5 – 19 679 23.5, 6.3, 12.7 23 9,5,5 – 19 801 10.9, 8.4, 4.5 23 9,7,5 – 21 692 16.6 23 9,5,5 – 19 802 6.3 19 Dead 709 14.7, 7.7 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 17 9,9,5 – 23 727 32.3 23 9,7,5 – 21 732 13.1 21 9,5,5 – 19 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21

C Banksia littoralis 756 8.4 21 9,7,5 – 21 757 8.7 23 9,5,5 – 19 758 10.7 23 9,7,5 – 23 759 9.3, 14.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 761 25 23 9,9,5 – 23 762 20.1, 12.4 23 9,9,5 – 23 763 11.4, 18 23 9,9,5 - 23 764 9 21 9,7,5 – 21 765 17.5, 9.1 23 9,9,5 – 21 NT <2 15 Dead NT <2 15 7,5,5 – 17 766 8 21 9,7,5 – 21 770 12 23 9,9,5 – 23 771 5.7 21 7,7,5 – 19 774 16.4, 13.4 23 9,9,5 – 23 775 15.2, 19.9 23 9,9,5 – 23 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21

Centre for Ecosystem Management 91 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

Corymbia calophylla 760 4 23 9,9,5 – 23 767 15.8, 12.5 19 7,5,4 – 16 768 26.3, 14.1 18 5,4,2 – 11 769 11.4 23 9,7,4 – 20 NT <2 19 5,5,5 - 15 776 18.8, 10.7 21 9,5,5 – 19 781 2.9, <2 17 3,1,4 - 8 NT <2 - 7,7,5 – 19 Eucalyptus 772 10.9, 8.5 11 3,1,2 – 6 marginata 773 6.3 19 5,9,3 – 17 778 8.1 16 3,5,4 – 12 779 8.2, 5.1 15 7,5,4 – 16 789 4.4 17 5,3,3 – 11 Melaleuca 777 15.9, 17.3 21 7,3,4 - 14 preissiana 780 14.1, 20, 11.2 21 9,5,5 - 19

D Melaleuca 785 19, 17.4, 14.5, 7.5, 21.8, 12 23 9,3,5 – 17 preissiana 786 6.8, 7.1, 3.9 21 7,3,5 – 15 800 18.4, 6.7, 13.5, 13.9, 9.2, 3.4 21 9,5,5 – 19 Eucalyptus 782 3.6, 5, 4.4 9 1,5,1 – 7 marginata 783 7.2, 5.5, 6.8 3 3,1,1 – 5 784 15.5 13 3,3,3 – 9 787 3.6 17 3,5,5 – 13 788 8.8 6 1,1,1 – 3 790 8.8, 5.4 4 1,1,1 – 3 791 20.2 21 7,5,5 – 17 792 10.3, 7.8 12 5,5,4 – 14 793 9.8 3 1,1,1 – 3 794 7.1 3 1,1,1 – 3 795 9.3, 7.8, 8 15 Dead 796 7.5, 5.8 17 5,5,4 – 14 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 797 7.6 4 3,1,1 – 5 799 9.9, 7.3 9 3,1,1 – 5 803 12.6, 15, 12.9, 14.5, 3.3 5 3,7,1 – 11 Banksia littoralis 798 5, 5.8 21 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 19 7,5,4 – 16 NT <2, <2, <2, <2 19 3,3,5 - 11

Centre for Ecosystem Management 92 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.10 Capel Nature Reserve Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Eucalyptus 258 88.6, 57.1 11 7,7,4 - 18 marginata 272 7.6 17 3,5,5 - 13 276 11.8 17 5,9,5 - 19 279 39.3 21 5,7,5 - 17 282 12.8 17 7,7,5 - 19 NT 20 9,7,5 - 21 Corymbia calophylla 259 92.0 13 5,5,4 - 14 260 6.2 17 7,7,5 – 19 261 16.4 19 7,7,5 – 19 262 13.4 19 5,5,5 – 15 263 7.8 11 5,3,5 – 13 264 9.2 10 7,7,4 – 18 265 6.8 15 5,7,5 – 17 NT 3.7 15 5,5,5 – 15 266 15.7 17 5,5,5 – 15 267 11.3 17 5,5,5 – 15 268 13.6 15 5,5,5 – 15 NT 4.2 13 3,3,5 – 11 NT <2 15 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 15 7,5,5 – 17 269 14.4 17 7,5,5 – 17 270 10.6 21 5,5,5 – 15 NT 5.4 17 7,5,5 – 17 272 7.5 13 5,5,5 – 15 273 8.2 14 5,5,5 – 15 274 11.0 Dead Dead 275 6.7 17 3,5,5 – 13 277 7.6 15 3,5,5 – 13 278 14.6 17 7,7,5 – 19 281 77.8 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 15 3,3,5 – 11 284 11.2 17 9,7,5 – 21 285 10.2 17 5,5,5 – 15 286 5.1 17 7,5,5 – 17 288 12.2 17 7,5,5 – 17 289 6.0 17 5,5,5 – 15 290 6.3 17 9,7,5 – 21 291 12.9 19 7,7,5 – 19 293 6.0 17 5,5,5 – 15 294 4.0 15 5,5,5 – 15 295 11.1 15 5,3,5 – 13 296 12.5 17 7,5,5 – 17 297 12.5 17 5,5,5 – 15 298 8.3 19 7,5,5 – 17 305 10.5 17 7,5,5 – 17 306 16.1 21 9,7,5 - 21 Melaleuca 280 15.3 15 5,5,5 – 15 preissiana 283 8.5, 8.0, 6.7, <2, <2 13 3,3,4 – 10 287 49.8, 20.3 19 5,5,5 – 15 292 45.8 17 3,3,5 – 11 299 4.7 15 3,3,5 – 11 300 16.3 13 5,3,5 – 13 301 41.6, 27.5 19 5,3,5 – 13 NT <2 19 3,5,5 – 13

Centre for Ecosystem Management 93 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

302 13.1 13 5,7,4 - 16 303 10.5 13 5,3,5 – 13 304 33.3 19 5,5,5 – 15 Banksia littoralis 307 6.0 15 dead NT <2, <2, <2 - 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 - 9,7,5 - 21

B Corymbia calophylla 308 15 - 9,7,5 – 21 311 8.8 13 5,5,2 – 12 312 12.2 17 9,7,5 – 21 313 9.8 17 9,7,5 – 21 314 7.8 17 7,5,4 – 16 NT <2 15 3,3,3 – 9 315 10.2 13 3,5,5 – 13 316 13.6 17 7,7,5 – 19 NT 4.4 17 5,5,4 – 14 317 7.5 17 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 13 7,7,5 – 19 318 6.4 17 7,7,5 – 19 319 49.3 17 5,5,3 – 13 320 8.3 19 5,5,5 – 15 321 11.7 15 9,5,5 – 19 322 7.8 11 5,5,4 – 14 325 12.7 17 7,7,5 – 19 327 7.1 17 5,5,5 – 15 329 31.6 21 9,7,4 – 20 330 8.4 17 5,3,3 – 11 331 10.0 15 3,3,5 – 11 332 5.9 15 5,5,5 – 15 333 10.2 17 7,5,5 – 17 334 11.6 19 7,5,5 – 17 336 10.4 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 15 3,3,3 – 9 337 2.9 15 5,3,5 – 13 338 17.0 19 9,7,5 – 21 339 9.0 13 7,3,4 – 14 340 6.0 15 7,7,5 – 19 342 13.2 21 7,7,5 – 19 344 14.6 15 Dead 345 5.7 19 5,7,5 – 17 346 10 7,5,5 – 17 347 15 9,7,5 - 21 NT <2 21 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 19 3,5,3 – 11 NT <2 17 3,1,5 – 9 348 8.8 17 5,5,5 – 15 349 5.5 16 7,5,4 – 16 350 74.2 21 3,3,2 – 8 351 8.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 352 12.5 11 3,5,5 - 13 Banksia grandis 309 10.5 21 1,1,5 - 7 NT 3.5 11 1,1,5 – 7 NT <2 19 11 NT <2 15 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 17 5,9,5 – 19 343 7.5 19 7,9,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,9,5 – 23 NT <2 19 7,9,5 – 21 Eucalyptus 310 15.0, 8.8 19 9,7,4 – 20

Centre for Ecosystem Management 94 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

marginata NT <2 19 7,5,5 – 17 324 49.4 19 7,9,2 – 18 326 7.1 19 9,7,4 – 20 328 5.6 15 9,5,5 – 19 335 56.3, 8.7, 5.6, 5.6, 8.0 13 5,3,2 – 10 341 16.8, 22.9, 23.8, 40.7 21 9,7,2 – 18 Banksia littoralis NT <2 15 Dead

C Corymbia calophylla 353 11.8 19 9,5,5 – 19 354 7.2 19 9,5,5 – 19 NT 2.3 19 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 17 5,7,5 – 17 NT <2 - 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 - 9,7,5 – 21 356 18.5 21 9,3,5 – 17 358 15.4 19 9,5,5 – 19 NT <2 17 7,7,5 – 19 Banksia littoralis 355 3.6, 4.7 21 5,5,5 – 21 357 24.0, 27.0 21 7,7,5 – 19

D Banksia littoralis 359 5.0 23 3,3,5 – 11 360 16.2 21 9,5,4 – 18 361 33.1, 14.7 19 5,5,4 – 14 Banksia grandis NT <2 19 7,7,4 – 18 Corymbia calophylla 362 7.1 19 9,5,5 – 19 NT 2.5 17 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 17 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 17 7,5,5 – 17 363 6.1, 4.2, 3.4 19 9,7,5 - 21

Centre for Ecosystem Management 95 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

1.11 Harewoods Rd Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Banksia ilicifolia 804 42.2 23 9,7,5 – 21 807 3.6, 2.8, <2 23 7,7,5 – 19 NT 3.2 19 5,5,5 – 15 808 10.2, 5.2 23 9,9,5 – 23 809 16.7 23 9,9,5 – 23 810 7.8 21 9,7,5 - 21 NT <2 - 7,7,5 - 19 Banksia grandis 805 15.1, 9.3, <2, <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 813 7.1 19 7,9,5 – 21 814 10.9 21 9,9,5 – 23 815 6, <2 19 7,9,5 – 21 817 3.5, 7.2 21 7,7,5 – 19 820 4.8 21 7,9,5 – 21 Banksia attenuata 806 21.9 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 - 21 812 17.6 21 9,7,5 - 21 Corymbia calophylla 811 11.8, 14 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 5,5,5 – 15 Melaleuca 816 15, 16.8, 35, 12.5, 11.5, 12 21 7,5,5 – 17 preissiana 818 27.5, 16 18 7,5,5 – 17 Eucalyptus 819 14.3, 11.2, 8.8, 10.3, 11.8 18 5,5,5 – 15 marginata Banksia littoralis 821 3.6, 8.7 21 9,5,5 – 19 822 41.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 11 7,7,5 – 19 823 10.3, 4.3, <2 21 9,5,5 – 19 824 4.5, 2.6 15 5,5,5 – 15 825 20 18 7,5,5 – 17 386 32.6 - 7,5,5 - 17

B Banksia grandis 826 10.3, <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT 2.6 23 9,9,5 – 23 Melaleuca 827 13.5, 10, 18, 12.7, 15.6, 23 9,7,5 – 21 preissiana 20.2, 74.2 Banksia littoralis 828 29, 5.3 23 9,7,5 – 21 829 14.5, 17.7 21 7,7,5 – 19 830 14.5, 17.7 21 9,5,5 – 19 831 16.4 21 7,5,4 – 16 832 10.2, 4.4 19 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2, <2, <2 17 7,5,5 – 17 834 19.6 19 5,5,5 – 15 835 24.7 23 9,7,5 – 21 836 12.7, 25, 2.4, <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 837 4, <2, <2, <2 17 9,7,5 – 21 838 13.4, 6.7 19 9,5,5 – 19 839 4.8, <2, <2, <2 17 9,7,4 – 20 840 6.4 19 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 19 7 841 29.4 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 15 842 14, 5.1 19 9,5,5 – 19 843 16.2 23 9,7,5 – 21 844 <2, <2, <2 15 9,7,5 – 21 845 <2, <2 19 9,7,5 - 21 846 20.5, <2 21 9,7,5 – 21

Centre for Ecosystem Management 96 2007 Vegetation Monitoring – Swan Coastal Plain

NT <2 19 11 833 7.5 - 9,7,5 - 21

C Banksia littoralis 847 3.7, <2 19 3,5,4 – 12 848 28.9, 6.2, 2.5, <2, 62.6 10 1,3,2 – 6 849 8.5, 3.2, 2.5, <2, <2, <2 15 5,7,5 – 17 NT <2, <2 15 7,5,5 – 17 851 9.2, 3.1 21 9,7,5 – 21 852 7.7, 12.2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2, <2 13 3,3,2 – 8 NT <2, <2 19 7,7,4 – 18 856 24, 8, 21 21 9,7,4 – 20 857 46.5 19 9,7,5 – 21 Eucalyptus rudis 850 4.8, 3.4, 6.9, 30.3, 28.8 11 5,3,4 – 12 Melaleuca 853 110 21 9,5,5 – 19 preissiana Corymbia calophylla 854 5 21 9,7,5 – 21 855 <2, <2, <2 23 9,7,5 – 21

D Corymbia calophylla NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 862 5.1 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT 2.5 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT 2.6 21 9,7,5 – 21 863 5.9 23 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 7,7,5 - 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 - 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 - 19 NT 3.1 15 7,7,5 - 19 NT 2.4 15 7,7,5 - 19 865 6 19 7,7,5 - 19

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871 5.6 19 7,7,5 - 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 - 19 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 880 3.4 21 9,7,5 – 21 882 3.5 21 7,7,5 – 19 883 10.8 19 7,7,5 – 19 884 21.6, 7.4 21 7,5,5 – 17 Banksia littoralis 858 14.5 21 9,7,4 – 20 859 4.5 15 5,5,5 – 15 860 4.6 17 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 9,7,5 – 21 861 31.7 19 7,7,5 – 19 864 45.2 23 9,9,5 – 23 NT <2 19 7,5,5 – 17 867 23.2 21 9,5,5 – 19 868 17.8, 6.1 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 7,7,5 - 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 869 21.7 23 9,5,5 – 19 870 13.4 21 9,7,5 – 21 873 5.8 21 9,7,5 – 21 874 11.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 875 13.8 19 9,5,5 – 19 876 3.5 17 5,5,5 – 15 877 10.1 19 9,5,5 – 19 878 9.9 19 7,7,5 – 19 879 9.8 17 5,7,5 – 17 881 21.6 19 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 NT <2 19 7,7,5 – 19 Melaleuca 866 24.5, 8.3 15 5,5,5 – 15 preissiana Eucalyptus rudis 872 27.5, 24.6, 26.7, 14.4 16 7,7,3 - 16

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1.12 Franklandia Nature Reserve Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Melaleuca 886 12.8, <2 17 7,3,5 – 15 preissiana 887 14.5, 11, 34.3, 8, 56.3 21 7,5,5 – 17

B No trees - -

C Melaleuca 887 10.6 21 9,7,5 – 21 preissiana NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 888 19.9, 29.7, 15.3, 12.8 19 7,7,5 – 19 889 6.8, 4.4, 3.9, <2 19 7,5,5 – 17 892 17.7, 12.3, 15, 7.5, 16.2, 23 9,7,5 – 21 15.1, 5.3, 6.7, 15.1, 12.9, 14.8, 7.8, 14.7 893 63, 10.5, 18.9 23 9,9,5 – 23 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21 Banksia littoralis 890 25.1 21 0,0,1 – 1 891 16.9, 5.4 23 9,9,5 – 23

D Melaleuca 894 17.3, 17, 12.1, 8.9, 13.7, 23 9,9,5 – 23 preissiana 18.1, 14.8, 13.4, 11.3, 54, 13.7 895 13.7 21 9,7,5 – 21 896 132, 18.7, 16.9 23 9,7,5 – 21 Banksia littoralis 897 9 21 9,9,4 – 22 898 20.7 21 9,7,5 – 21 899 18.3 23 9,9,5 – 23 900 23.8 23 9,9,5 – 23 NT <2 21 7,9,5 – 21 NT <2 9 3,3,3 – 9 901 26 23 9,7,5 – 21 902 6 21 9,9,5 – 23 903 15.7, 26.2, 22.3 23 9,9,5 – 23 904 23.9 21 7,9,5 – 21 NT <2 19 7,5,5 - 17

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1.13 Manea Park Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Corymbia calophylla 402 19, 21.6, 27.8, 28.1 18 5,5,4 – 14 406 44.2 22 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 9 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 12 3,5,5 - 13 NT <2 14 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 13 5,7,5 – 17 Melaleuca preissiana 403 12, 11.6 11 7,5,3 – 16 404 14.5, 7.3 13 7,7,3 – 17 405 4.8 9 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 12 7,9,5 – 21 407 9.5, 6, 3 - 7,5,4 - 16 408 9.5, 9, 6.5, 8.5, 2, <2, 3 - 9,7,4 – 20 409 18, 10.5, 5, 8.5, 12, 13.5, - 7,7,4 – 18 10.5, 16.5, <2, <2, <2

B Banksia littoralis 410 24.2, 12, 23.8, 4.3 20 7,5,5 – 17 411 22.9 20 9,9,4 – 22 412 16.5, 15 22 9,7,4 – 20 413 13.4 18 7,5,4 – 16 414 7.6 9 7,5,4 – 16 415 16.4, 10.8, 15.5 20 7,7,4 – 18 416 17 18 9,7,4 – 20 417 11 18 7,7,5 – 19 418 14.5 17 7,7,5 – 19 419 6 4 Dead NT <2 17 5,9,5 – 19 420 5.6, 19 15 5,7,4 – 16 421 2.5, 2.7 16 9,7,5 – 21 422 21.4, <2 17 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2 6 5,5,4 – 14 423 14.5, 7, 13.8 17 9,7,4 – 20 424 11.3, 6.8, 13.5 20 9,9,5 – 23 425 6.3 15 7,7,5 – 19 426 7.3 12 5,9,4 – 18 427 <2, <2, <2, 3, 2.6 9 7,7,4 – 18 428 12.3 19 9,7,5 – 21 429 12, 7.4, 10.2 9 7,9,5 – 21 430 12.7, 14.2, 10.3 9 9,7,5 – 21 431 7, <2, <2, <2, 12.2 16 9,9,5 – 23 433 14.1, 14.3 22 9,9,4 – 22 434 17.6, 13.8, 6.1 18 9,9,4 – 22 435 16 9 3,5,3 – 11 Melaleuca NT <2 11 7,9,4 – 20 rhaphiophylla 432 6.5, 5, 4.5, <2, <2, <2, <2, 10 5,7,5 – 17 <2, <2, <2, <2

C Melaleuca 436 <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 11 7,7,5 – 19 rhaphiophylla D Melaleuca NT <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 9,9,5 - 23 rhaphiophylla NT <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 - 9,9,5 – 23 NT <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 - 9,9,5 – 23 NT <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 - 9,7,5 – 21 NT <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 - 9,7,5 - 21

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1.14 Haye Park Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 Most tags replaced following bushfire A Melaleuca preissiana 905/ 542 38.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2 14 9 906/ 543 18.5, 19.5 21 9 907/ 544 13.5, 3.5, 4.5, 4.5 21 9 908/ 545 9.5 19 9 909/ 546 6 21 9 910/ 547 6 17 9 911/ 548 2.5 19 7 913/ 549 58.4 20 9 915/ 550 10 19 9 921/ 447 6.5 17 9 922/ 448 6.2 19 9 Corymbia calophylla 912 3.9, 2.7 19 - NT <2 19 5 NT <2 19 5 NT <2 19 5 NT <2 19 5 NT <2 19 5 NT <2 19 5 NT <2 19 5 NT <2 19 - NT <2 19 - 914/ 445 7.4 17 9 NT 6 19 9 917/ 446 <2, <2, <2, <2 15 9 Banksia littoralis 918 7.5, 9.5 19 7,5,4 – 16 920/ 364 <2 17 9 Melaleuca 919/ 365 30.3, <2 23 9 rhaphiophylla

B Melaleuca preissiana 923/ 368 24.5, 7.5, 3.5 21 7,5,1 – 13 924/ 372 28.2 19 9 925/ 373 5.6 19 9 926/ 374 13 18 9 927/ 275 21 19 9 929/ 369 24.3, 14.6 19 9 930/ 371 19.6 21 9 931/ 276 6.1 19 9 932/ 367 25.9, 12.5 21 9 933/ 378 124 14 7 934/ 377 22.1, 11.5, 8, 6.7 18 9 935/ 380 20 19 9 936/ 379 25.8 19 9 956/ 381 42.5 13 9 Melaleuca 928/ 370 21.8, 13.4, 13.6, 10, 8 19 9 rhaphiophylla 957/ 382 9, 5.5, 7.8, 12, 5.3 23 9

C Melaleuca preissiana 937 36.7 20 9 938 2.6, <6, <6, <6, <6, <6, <6 19 9 939 51.9, 6.7 21 9 Melaleuca 940/ 383 29.2, 30, 19.8, 21, 8, 7.5 21 9 rhaphiophylla 941 16.2 19 9 942 9.8, 9, 6.8, 5.1, 2.7, 7.1, 7.1, 19 11 10.3, 6, 5.1

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943 16.5, 17.7, 12.6, 6.5, 17.2, 21 15 12.1, 16, 7.9, 10.2, 12.5, 7.4 Banksia littoralis 944 25.8 21 15

D Melaleuca 945 22.1, 6.1, 9.8, 5.1, 30, 103 19 13 rhaphiophylla NT <2 21 9 NT <2 21 9 NT <2 21 9 NT <2 21 9 NT <2 21 9 946 30.7 21 13 NT <2, <2, <2, <2 19 5 947/ 366 48.3, 8, 3.5 18 13 948 8.7, 7.1, <2, <2, <2, <2 21 9 NT <2 21 - NT <2 21 - NT <2 21 - NT <2 21 - 949 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, <2, <2, <2, <2, 21 9 <2, <2, <2 950 20.9, 14.9, 7.2, 4.2, 3.9 21 7,7,5 – 19 951 26.2 18 13 NT <2, <2, <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 21 5 955/ 385 25.6, 8 14 9 Banksia littoralis NT <2 19 15 952 11.2, 7 23 9,7,5 – 23 953 15.2, 8.5, 9.9 23 7,5,5 – 17 954 5.2 21 9,7,5 – 21

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1.15 Kemerton Plot Species Tag Number DBH Health 06 07 A Melaleuca preissiana 982 16.3 21 9,7,5 – 21 983 11.5 21 7,5,5 – 17 984 4.8, 2.7 15 5,3,5 – 13 985 12.4 20 9,7,4 – 20 986 10.1 19 7,5,5 – 17 987 11.7, 3.4 21 7,5,5 – 17 988 3.6 19 5,3,5 – 13 989 12, 3 19 9,7,5 – 21 990 4.2 19 7,3,5 – 15 NT <2, <2 17 7,3,5 – 15 NT <2, <2 15 7,3,5 – 15 991 10 17 7,3,5 – 15 992 6 14 5,5,4 – 14 993 3.7 15 7,3,5 – 15 994 13.2, 5 17 7,5,4 – 16 995 7.4 15 5,5,5 – 15 996 12.9 17 7,7,5 – 19 997 17.4, 4.5, 7.2, 5.6, 3.9 16 7,5,4 – 16 998 8.9, 8.7, 3.5 19 7,7,5 – 19 999 12, 6.3, 3.1 19 7,7,5 – 19 1000 9.2 21 7,7,5 – 19 1 7, <2, <2 17 7,3,5 – 15 2 4.1 15 5,5,4 – 14 3 3.2 15 7,5,5 – 17 NT <2 11 5,3,5 – 13 NT <2 8 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 11 3,3,5 – 13 NT <2 7 1,1,5 – 7 NT <2 11 3,3,5 – 11 NT <2 11 7,5,5 – 17 4 4.3 15 5,5,5 – 15 5 8.5 13 7,3,5 – 15 6 6.1 10 3,3,5 – 11 7 3.1 11 3,3,5 – 11 8 7.2 14 7,5,5 – 17 9 6.2 11 3,3,5 – 11 10 5.2 11 3,5,5 – 13 NT <2 11 5,3,5 – 13 NT <2 11 3,5,5 – 13 11 6.8 10 3,3,5 – 11 12 6.6, <2, <2 17 7,5,5 – 17 13 15.5 15 7,3,5 – 15 14 14.5 19 7,5,4 – 16 15 13 17 7,5,4 – 16 16 7 15 5,5,5 – 15 17 13.9 19 5,7,5 – 17 18 9.7 17 3,5,3 – 11 19 4.3 15 3,3,2 – 8 20 6.5, 5.7 17 5,3,2 – 10 21 8.8, 4 19 5,3,3 – 11 22 13.3 19 5,5,5 – 15 23 8.5 19 5,3,3 – 11 24 6 17 5,3,2 – 10 25 8.6 19 5,5,5 – 15 NT <2 11 3,3,5 - 11 26 22 21 3,3,5 – 11

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27 15.6 21 7,3,5 – 17 28 9.1 19 5,3,4 – 12 29 101 21 9,7,5 – 21 Corymbia calophylla NT <2 21 9,7,5 – 21

B Melaleuca preissiana 30 3.1, 2, <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 17 7,5,5 – 17 31 11.2 23 9,7,5 – 21 32 8, 5.4, 3 23 9,7,5 – 21

C Corymbia calophylla 33 9.6 23 9,5,5 – 19 Melaleuca 34 7.7, 5.6, 4.9, 4.6, 4, 5.4, 3.6, 23 9,9,5 – 23 rhaphiophylla 5.1, 5.2, 3.5, 5.4, 4, 3.3, 3.3, <2, <2, <2, <2, <2 Eucalyptus rudis 35 3, 3.5 23 9,9,5 – 23 36 4.4, 6.2 21 9,7,4 – 20 37 6.6 21 9,9,5 – 23 38 11, 7.9 23 9,7,5 – 21

D Eucalyptus rudis 39 6.5, 3.1 21 9,7,3 – 19 43 10.5, 15.4, 24.5, 19.1, 6.2, 19 7,7,4 – 19 7.1 44 29.8, 20.7, 19.1, 15, 18.9 18 7,3,3 – 13 Banksia littoralis 40 21.3, 13.5 19 9,7,5 – 21 42 5.2 23 9,9,4 – 22 Melaleuca preissiana 41 6, 14, 7.9 21 9,7,5 – 21

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Appendix 2: Understorey species data 2.1 Vasse – Yallingup Siding Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Mesomelaena tetragona 3 3 3 2 3 5 4 3 Conostylis aculeata 2 1 2 1 1 2 Bossiaea ornata 3 3 1 Adenanthos obovatus 2 3 3 3 2 Corymbia calophylla 2 10 7 9 1 8 6 7 Poranthera huegelii 1 Cyathochaeta avenaceae 7 3 2 Tremandra diffusa 2 Stylidium amoenum 3 2 2 Opecularia hispidula 1 2 2 2 2 1 Gompholobium 2 1 1 1 knightianum Persoonia longifolia 1 1 Dampiera linearis 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 Tricoryne elatior 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 Caesia micrantha 1 2 2 2 Thysanotus manglesianus 1 1 Hibbertia hypericoides 3 4 6 2 3 3 3 Plantago lanceolata* 1 1 1 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 2 2 4 4 Hypochaeris glabra* 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 Chamaescilla corymbosa 2 1 2 1 1 Briza maxima* 1 3 2 3 2 Grevillea quercifolia 1 1 3 3 Scaevola calliptera 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 Pentapeltis peltigera 2 Acacia cochlearis 1 Desmocladus fasciculatus 1 Xanthorrhoea gracillis 1 1 Austrostipa compressa 1 2 1 1 Burchardia umbellata 1 1 1 1 Lindsaea linearis 1 Mirbelia dilatata 1 Lagenophora huegelii 1 Sp 32 Epacridaceae sp. 2 Sp 33 7 5 6 1 4 3 Xanthorrhoea preissii 2 2 3 1 5 5 4 Patersonia umbrosa 3 2 5 2 3 3 Sp 36 4 1 6 3 Villarsia parnissifolia 1 3 4 3 Loxocarya cinerea 3 2 Gompholobium 1 marginatum Thysanotus multiflorus 3 2 2 1 1 Philotheca spicata 2 2 3 Platysace filiformis 1 Sollya heterophylla 2 3 4 Sp 44 Lepidosperma sp. 1 3 3 Lolium temulentus* 2 4 Dampiera alata 1 1 Hakea amplexicaulis 1 3 3 2 Lomandra purpurea 1 Pimelea spectabilis 3 1 2

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Dryandra lindleyana subsp. 1 lindleyana Agonis flexuosa 3 4 Drosera macrantha subsp. 1 macrantha Hyperanthus serratus 1 Hovea elliptica 1 Acacia obovata 1 Comesperma confertum 2 2 1 1 Banksia littoralis 3 Lepyrodia muirii 1 Sp 59 Boronia sp 1 1 Lomandra nigricans 2 3 Eutaxia virgata 2 2 Synaphae petiolaris 1 3 Hibbertia cunninghamii 2 2 Romulea rosea* 1 Drosera sp. 1 Cassytha racemosa 2 2 2 Anigozanthos flavidus 2 Sp 67 Lepidosperma sp. 2

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2.2 Locke Nature Reserve Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 5 8 7 5 8 Briza maxima* 2 Sp 79 Medicago sp.* 7 3 3 3 Poa annua* 7 7 3 2 3 3 2 Sonchus olearus* 1 Atripex prostrata 3 2 7 3 Sarcocornia blackiana 2 Hypochaeris glabra* 1 2 Polypogon monspeliensis* 6 9 3 3 Pelargonium littorale* 1 1 1 Lolium rigidum* 3 4 5 1 1 6 Zantedeschia aethiopica* 2 2 Cotula coronopifolia* 2 3 4 Sp 251* 3 2 8 2 2 Rumex crispus* 3 2 2 Arctotheca calendula* 2 Ehrharta calycina* 9 Eucalyptus rudis 9 2 Trifolium arvense* 3 Juncus kraussii 3 2 3 Avena barbata* 4 2 3 Rumex obtusifolius* 2 Sagina apetala* 3 Lepidosperma 2 2 2 longitudinale Gahnia trifida 3

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2.3 Taylors Nature Reserve - terrestrial Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Mesomelaena tetragona 3 4 3 2 3 3 1 1 Conostylis aculeata 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 Adenanthos obovatus 1 2 2 2 2 Corymbia calophylla 7 9 5 5 4 8 8 7 Tremandra diffusa 1 1 1 1 1 Opecularia hispidula 1 2 1 1 1 Dampiera linearis 1 2 2 3 Hypochaeris glabra* 1 2 3 2 3 1 Scaevola calliptera 2 2 1 Pentapeltis peltigera 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 Desmocladus fasciculatus 2 2 1 2 Xanthorrhoea gracillis 2 Sp 33 Lepidosperma sp. 5 4 5 + 4 2 5 7 Xanthorrhoea preissii 2 8 2 4 5 Patersonia umbrosa 4 5 6 4 2 5 7 Loxocarya cinerea 1 2 1 Thysanotus multiflorus 1 1 Mirbelia dilatata 1 Kennedia coccinea 1 Briza maxima* 1 1 2 1 2 Agrostocrinum 1 2 1 1 1 stypanroides Gompholobium 1 marginatum Sollya heterophylla 1 Sp 44 Lepidosperma sp. 1 Lolium temulentum* 2 1 3 3 1 2 Lomandra nigricans 2 Hibbertia cunninghamii 2 1 2 1 1 2 Dryandra lindleyana subsp. 1 lindleyana Tripterococcus brunonis 1 Stylidium repens 2 Platysace tenuissima 1 Anigozanthos flavidus 1 4 3 5 Sp 66 Lomandra purpurea 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 Pteridium esculentum 1 Kingia hookeri 4 4 8 5 7 5 4 Caladenia flava 1 1 1 2 Podocarpus drouynianus 3 3 2 Leucopogon australis 2 1 1 Taxandria parviceps 3 2 1 2 4 2 6 Acacia mooreana 2 2 Acacia pulchella 2 2 2 1 Eucalyptus marginata 8 4 4 Boronia spathulata 1 1 1 Sp 78 Lepidosperma sp. 1 3 5 7 Sp 79 Medicago sp. 1 1 1 Desmocladus flexuosa 1 3 2 Macrozamia ried lei 4 3 Thysanotus manglesianus 1 Lindsaea linearis 9 4 Billardiera laxiflora 1 Xylomelum occidentale 1 2 Anarthria prolifera 3 Xyris roycei 2

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2.4 Taylors Nature Reserve – wetland Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Xanthorrhoea preissii 8 4 5 1 Allocasuarina fraseriana 8 1 1 Dampiera linearis 2 2 2 Loxocarya exculsa 4 4 6 6 4 Billardiera laxiflora 2 Corymbia calophylla 1 4 Lomandra nigricans 3 3 3 1 Kingia australis 3 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 3 2 3 4 1 3 Acacia sp. 1 2 Hypocalymma robustum 1 1 Patersonia occidentalis 2 1 1 1 Velleia trinervis 2 Tremandra diffusa 1 Prasophyllum brownii 1 Opecularia hispidula 2 Mesomelaena tetragona 1 1 2 Melaleuca preissiana 8 5 Xyris roycei 6 2 Acacia sp. 3 Leucopogon propiquus 4 3 4 4 2 Astartea fascicularis 2 4 3 4 5 4 3 Pericalymma ellipticum 1 3 3 2 1 Adenanthos obovatus 1 1 Stylidium repens 3 Bossiaea linophylla 3 2 Taxandria parviceps 3 3 Taylors Sp 1 2 3 5 Kunzea micrantha 6 4 3 4 7 5 Sollya heterophylla 1 Andersonia involucrata 3 Calothamnus lateralis 1 Siloxerus humifusus 1 2 3 Acacia uliginosa 2 2 Drosera macrantha subsp. 2 2 1 2 macrantha Briza maxima* 2 1 2 1 Poaceae sp. 2 1 Hypochaeris glabra* 2 3 3 Cassytha racemosa 2 1 3 Viminaria juncea 1 Hibbertia stellaris 1 Mitrasacme sp. 1 2 1 Lyginea sp. 2 Baumea juncea 3 3 Stylidium caespitosum 1 2 Sp 253 1 Polypogon monspeilensis* 3 Taylors Sp 8 2 Leptocarpus tenax 4 Vellereophyton dealbatum* 2 Sp 119 Medicago sp. 2 Sp 250 1 Sp 254 Cyperaceae sp 1 Monotaxis occidentalis 1

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2.5 Ambergate Reserve Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Xanthorrhoea preissii 4 5 3 4 5 4 4 3 Hibbertia hypericoides 4 5 4 5 3 3 6 Patersonia umbrosa 3 2 2 1 2 Hypocalymma 3 4 3 2 3 3 4 angustifolium Drosera stelliflora 1 1 Hovea elliptica 1 Calothamnus hirsutus 5 3 6 5 6 Lomandra purpurea 3 4 1 2 4 2 1 3 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 3 1 3 Mesomelaena tetragona 1 1 2 1 3 4 Stirlingia latifolia 3 1 3 4 3 4 1 Gompholobium capitatum 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 Conostylis setigera 3 1 2 1 1 subsp.setigera Conostylis laxiflora 1 2 2 Acacia extensa 1 1 Gompholobium 2 2 marginatum Desmocladus fasciculatus 2 2 2 2 Cassytha racemosa 1 2 Hypolaena exsulca 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 Schoenus bifidus 2 1 Allocasuarina humilis 2 1 3 4 Stylidium repens 2 Synaphea petiolaris 3 2 2 3 Dampiera linearis 1 1 Dryandra lindleyana subsp. 3 2 3 lindleyana Austrostipa compressa 2 Sp 44 Lepidosperma sp. 1 1 2 Sp 141 1 Neurachne alopecuroidea 1 Sphaerolobium fornicatum 3 2 2 2 2 1 Hakea ruscifolia 3 1 2 4 Pimelea lanata 1 1 Leucopogon propiquus 2 Daviesia decurrens 3 3 2 2 2 Petrophile linearis 1 2 Adeanthos obovatus 1 3 Eucalyptus marginata 3 4 1 Banksia grandis 1 5 Elythranthera brunonis 1 1 1 Sp 151 Beaufortia sp. 3 2 4 Sp 152 3 Stylidium calcaratum 1 Hakea lasianthoides 3 4 Xylomelum occidentale 3 Corymbia calophylla 10 Adenanthos meisneri 3 Leucopogon australis 3 Pericalymma ellipticum 1 2 1 8 Thelymitra aff macrophylla 1 Philotheca spicata 2 Platysace tenuissima 2

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Sp 158 Hakea sp. 3 3 2 Leptocarpus tenax 5 Comesperma ciliatum 1 Haemodorum laxum 1 Opercularia hispidula 1 Comesperma confertum 1 Tripterococcus brunonis 1

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2.6 Spanish Settlers Reserve Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Xanthorrhoea preissii 3 5 6 2 Corymbia calophylla 8 8 Arctotheca calendula* 3 1 1 Bromus diandrus* 1 Anigozanthos viridus 1 Kennedia coccinea 3 1 1 Dryandra nivea 3 3 2 Hypochaeris glabra* 1 1 1 2 Acacia pulchella 4 3 3 2 Lomandra purpurea 2 Dampiera linearis 3 2 1 Trachyandra divaricata* 1 1 2 Briza minor* 2 2 3 2 2 2 Hypocalymma 1 3 3 angustifolium Desmocladus fasciculatus 2 2 2 2 Austrostipa compressa 3 2 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 2 5 3 3 Conostylis aculeata 2 2 1 1 Haemodorum luxum 3 1 1 1 Sp 114 Gompholobium sp. 3 4 3 1 Caesia micrantha 1 1 Sp 119 Medicago sp.* 3 3 10 3 6 5 Sp 121 4 4 Acacia incurva 3 2 3 1 Melaleuca preissiana 3 2 4 Juncus kraussii 3 Hakea linearis 3 2 2 2 Kingia hookeri 1 3 2 5 Cyathochaeta avenacea 3 2 3 1 Briza maxima* 7 2 4 2 3 2 2 Scaevola calliptera 1 Tripterococcus brunonis 1 1 1 Acacia applanta 1 Lyginea barbata 2 Pimelea spectabilis 1 2 Bossiaea sp. 1 2 1 Polypogon monspeliensis 4 1 8 2 7 7 8 Sp 258 Anathria sp. 3 5 3 8 8 7 Sp 44 Lepidosperma sp. 2 Astartea fascicularis 1 1 3 1 Daviesia sp. 1 1 Viminaria juncea 1 2 1 2 Lolium rigidum* 1 Asteraceae sp. 2 1 Podelepis lessonii 2 1 2 1 Sp 256 1 Mesomelaena tetragona 1

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2.7 Ruabon Reserve (replaced previous site) Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Calothamnus lateralis 7 3 6 5 Briza maxima* 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 Lepidosperma 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 longitudinale Cassytha racemosa 1 1 2 2 Sp 260 Melaleuca sp. 5 2 5 4 8 Melaleuca laterita 2 2 1 Astartea juniperiana 2 2 1 3 2 Sp 262 Hakea sp. 3 Sonchus oleraceus* 2 2 2 Sp 261 Poaceae sp. 2 3 3 2 3 Acacia pulchella 2 2 1 1 1 Trachyandra divaricata* 1 Sedge sp. 2 2 2 Kunzea micrantha 3 1 Hypochaeris glabra* 2 3 2 2 2 Pericalymma ellipticum 8 5 7 Conostylis laxiflora 3 2 3 2 2 2 Parentucellia viscosa* 2 1 1 3 Podolepis lessonii 2 2 Hypolaena pubescens 3 3 1 2 3 Patersonia occidentalis 2 2 2 1 3 Tricoryne elatior 2 2 1 1 Lyginia barbata 1 2 2 2 Sagina apetala* 8 Sedge sp. 2 Briza minor* 3 2 3 Gladiolus 1 caryophyllaceous* Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 5 7 1 Siloxerus humifusus 2 1 Beaufortia elegans 3 6 4 Sphaerolobium medium 1 1 Thysanotus manglesianus 1 Poa annua* 1 Sp 264 Hakea sp. 1 Asparagus asparagoides* 1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 4 3 4 Anigozanthos manglesii 1 2 2 Mesomelaena tetragona 2 3 4 Dryandra lindleyana subsp. 2 4 lindleyana Sp 266 1 Lobelia tenuior 2 2 1 Desmocladus fasciculatus 2 2 3 Sp 119 Trifolium sp.* 1 2 2 1 Stylidium calcaratum 1 Hakea lasianthoides 3 1 1 Waitzia suaveolens 1 2 2 Sp 158 Jacksonia sp. 1 Medicago sp.* 2 Sp 268 2 Sp 267 3 3 Corymbia calophylla 3 1 Acacia applanta 2 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 1 1

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Cyathochaeta avenacea 1 Hibbertia hypercoides 2 3 Lechenaultia biloba 4 Banksia grandis 2 5 Stirlingia latifolia 3 1 Sp 269 1 Sp 270 2 Sp 271 Papilionaceae sp 2 1 Stylidium junceum subsp. 1 junceum Melaleuca incana 3 Darwinia sp. 2 2 Haemodorum laxum 1 Sp 272 3 Adenanthos meisneri 3 Sp 44 1

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2.8 Tutunup TEC Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Loxocarya magna (P3) 7 4 4 4 3 3 4 7 Kunzea micrantha 3 3 7 5 8 6 5 6 Hypochaeris glabra* 1 1 1 Hemiandra pungens 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 Xanthorrhoea preissii 3 Tut 4 Lyginea sp. 5 3 2 2 2 3 3 Tut 5 Desmocladus sp. 1 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 Pericalymma ellipticum 4 2 Dryandra nivea subsp. 5 uliginosa (DRF) Tut 10 Asteraceae sp. 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 Tut 11 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 Acacia stenoptera 2 2 2 2 Hakea sulcata 2 3 2 Trifolium dubium* 1 Acacia pulchella 1 1 2 1 2 1 Chamelaucium roycei 1 1 2 2 (DRF) Calothamnus quadrifidus 4 4 1 (ironstone variant) Juncus capitatus* 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 Grevillea manglesioides 2 3 1 Lepidosperma squamatum 1 3 1 1 Dryandra squarrosa subsp. 7 7 2 2 argillacea (DRF) Eucalyptus rudis 3 2 Conostylis aculeate 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 Viminaria juncea 1 1 1 Goodenia sp. 1 1 1 Patersonia occidentalis 1 2 2 Briza minor* 2 1 1 2 Tut 26 Epacridaceae sp. 6 Dampiera linearis 1 Briza mxima* 1 1 2 1 Podolepis lessonii 1 Sp 119 Medicago sp. 1

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2.9 Ludlow Rail Reserve (plots at bottom right and top left of quadrats – 20m gap between plots B and C) Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Melaleuca preissiana 8 4 7 Eucalyptus rudis 5 Corymbia calophylla 6 4 5 6 5 3 Lepidosperma 5 3 4 2 3 1 9 longitudinale Hypolaena pubescens 3 2 4 1 Acacia pulchella 2 1 4 1 1 1 Sphaerolobium nudiflorum 3 3 3 Astartea juniperiana 4 2 4 Asparagus asparagoides* 2 Baumea juncea 3 3 2 4 2 2 Hypochaeris glabra* 2 1 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 2 1 4 3 4 2 Thysanotus manglesianus 1 1 1 Briza maxima* 1 1 1 1 1 Dampiera linearis 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 Patersonia umbrosa 3 2 2 Avena barbata* 2 Monotaxis occidentalis 2 Lobelia tenuior 2 Tremandra diffusa 2 Adenanthos meisneri 8 1 2 2 2 Leucopogon propiquus 2 1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 4 3 6 1 7 2 5 Lomandra purpurea 3 3 2 1 Banksia attenuata 3 Acacia extensa 1 2 1 1 Agonis flexuosa 3 Opercularia hispidula 2 Hibbertia commutata 1 1 2 1 Sp 44 Lepidosperma sp. 2 Hypolaena exsulca 3 2 Cassytha racemosa 3 Austrostipa compressa 1 1 Conostylis setigera 1 1 1 Kunzea ericifolia 5 4 7 8 6 4 3 Banksia littoralis 8 3 3 Scaevola calliptera 3 1 5 1 Hypocalymma 1 angustifolium Boronia spathulata 3 1 Sp 149 2 Nutysia floribunda 2 1 3 Billardiera laxiflora 1 2 Sp 140 1 1 Macrozamia reidlei 3 1 Watsonia meriana var. 1 bulbifera* Petrophile linearis 1 Sowerbaea laxiflora 1 Sp 158 Jacksonia sp. 2 Schoenus bifidus 2 Gompholobium 1 1 tomentosum Thysantos multiflorus 1 1

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Stylidium amoenum 1 Sagina apetala* 1 Conostylis laxiflora 2 Exocarpos sparteus 4 2 Desmocladus flexuosa 1 Agrostocrinum 1 stypandroides Eucalyptus marginata 2 4 4 Haemodorum laxum 1

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2.10 Capel Nature Reserve (plots at bottom right and top left of quadrats) Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Eucalyptus marginiata 5 5 5 Lomandra purpurea 7 1 1 Persoonia longifolia 3 Hibbertia notibractea 1 3 1 1 1 1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 3 4 1 6 3 2 Hibbertia hypericoides 1 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 6 3 2 2 Johnsonia lupulina 2 Hypocalymma 3 1 2 1 angustifolium Corymbia calophylla 6 3 10 1 5 1 1 Anarthria prolifera 2 1 2 2 1 Hypolaena exsulca 2 1 Bossiaea linophylla 1 Leucopogon sp. 1 Kunzea ericifolia 3 2 4 3 3 Siloxerus humifusus Polypogon monspeliensis* 1 1 1 1 Tricoryne elatior 1 1 1 Kingia australis 2 3 4 Astartea fasiccularis 3 Banksia grandis 2 2 2 Melaleuca preissiana 3 Curly sedge 2 1 2 3 4 2 Conostylis setigra 1 1 Boronia alata 1 1 1 1 Patersonia occidentalis 2 Hakea ruscifolia 2 1 Lindsaea linearis 3 Desmocladus fascicularis 2 2 2 1 2 1 Dryandra lindleyana subsp. 1 2 4 1 1 lindleyana Gompholobium 2 1 marginatum Sp 279 Sedge 1 Drosera macrantha subsp. 1 macrantha Verticordia sp. 6 1 Mesomelaena tetragona 2 Hibbertia stellaris 2 1 3 Opecularia hispidula 1 Pericalymma ellipticum 2 1 3 3 4 Cyathachaeta avenacea 3 Comesperma ciliatum 2 Daviesia inflata 4 Patersonia occidentalis 3 Haemodurum laxum 1 Hypochaeris glabra* 1 1 1 Sp 281 2 1 Lyginea barbata 1 Hibbertia cunninghamii 2 2 Stylidium repens 1 Stylidium calcaratum 1 1 1 Scaevola calliptera 2 1 Podolepis lessonii 1 Pimelea sp. 1 1

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2.11 Harewoods Rd (plots at bottom right and top left of quadrats) Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Banksia ilicifolia 10 Banksia attenuata 3 Banksia grandis 7 4 Cryptostylis ovata 2 Tricoryne elatior 1 Caesia micrantha 1 Leucopogon sp. 2 Bossiaea sp. 1 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 4 3 1 Hemiandra pungens 1 Lepidosperma longitudinale 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 Acacia applanta 1 Lobelia tenuior 2 2 2 1 1 Adenanthos meisneri 3 3 7 2 3 Phyllanthus calycinus 3 1 Hibbertia commutata 1 1 1 2 Platysace filiformis 1 Acacia pulchella 3 1 2 2 1 Conostylis aculeata 2 1 2 2 4 3 Hypolaena pubescens 1 2 3 4 6 3 6 3 Briza maxima* 1 Podolepis lessonii 1 Gompholobium tomentosum 1 1 1 1 Sp 140 1 1 1 Banksia littoralis 9 5 1 1 6 Eucalyptus rudis 4 5 Hypochaeris glabra* 2 2 1 1 1 2 Kennedia coccinea 1 1 Sonchus olearus* 1 1 Scaevola calliptera 1 2 Thysanotus manglesianus 1 1 Trachymene pilosa 1 Melaleuca preissiana 8 Patersonia occidentalis 2 1 Opercularia hispidula 2 Dampiera linearis 1 1 1 Sp 223 1 1 1 Ehrharta longiflora* 1 1 Thysanotus multiflorus 1 1 1 Hibbertia stellaris 1 1 4 Astartea fascicularis 1 1 3 Stylidium junceum subsp. 1 3 junceum Lagenophora huegelii 1 Corymbia calophylla 5 7 Baumea juncea 2 1 Sp 210 Lomandra sp. 3 Hodgsonia junciformis 1 Platysace filiformis 1 2 Schoenus indutus P1 4 Dampiera carinata 1 2 Hypolaena exculsa 1 Hovea ellitpica 1 Hardenbergia comptoniana 1 Hibbertia racemosa 2

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2.12 Franklandia Nature Reserve Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Melaleuca preissiana 8 3 Hypocalymma 3 4 3 2 2 angustifolium Briza maxima* 1 Gompholobium 2 tomentosum Astartea fascicularis 1 5 3 5 3 2 Comesperma sp. 1 1 Thysanotus multiflorus 1 2 Patersonia occidentalis 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 Conostylis setigera 1 Lepidosperma 1 1 longitudinale Schoenus curvifolius 3 2 Ehrharta longiflora* 1 Acacia applanta 1 1 Kunzea ericifolia 2 1 2 2 Sp 158 Jacksonia sp. 1 Pericalymma ellipticum 3 4 6 4 4 3 Lyginea barbata 3 1 Adenanthos meisneri 3 Melaleuca scabra 4 3 Meeboldinia roycei 4 3 4 2 Comesperma flavum 1 Sp 215 Sedge 4 6 4 4 Schoenus indutus P1 4 3 4 4 Hypolaena exculsa 2 4 4 Hypochaeris glabra* 1 1 Dampiera carinata 1 1 Bossiaea linophylla 3 Leptocarpus tenax 3 3 2 3 Baumea arthrophylla 3 3 9 Calothamnus lateralis 1 2 Letocarpus elegans 4 2 Sp 183 Acacia sp 2 Banksia littoralis 8 Haemodrum laxum 2 Lagurus ovatus* 1

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2.13 Manea Park Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Melaleuca preissiana 5 Corymbia calophylla 5 Acacia pulchella 3 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 7 Xanthorrhoea preissii 4 Kennedia prostrata 2 1 1 Platytheca galioides 3 Goodenia pusilla 1 1 2 2 3 2 Jacksonia sp. 1 Stylidium junceum subsp. 1 junceum Bossiaea eriocarpa 3 Sp 199 Gastrolobium sp. 2 2 2 1 1 Briza maxima* 1 1 Polypogon monspeliensis* 1 Hypolaena exculsa 3 3 2 5 6 5 Orobanche minor* 1 1 Acacia applanta 1 Briza minor* 1 1 1 Stylidium divaricatum 2 1 1 2 3 Gompholobium 2 tomentosum Lepidosperma 1 1 3 3 4 5 3 5 longitudinale Leucopogon racemulosus 1 Hypochaeris glabra* 4 1 Patersonia occidentalis 2 Avena fatua* 1 Banksia littoralis 1 8 4 2 Conostylis aculeata 4 2 3 Hibbertia stellaris 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 Trachymene pilosa 1 Astartea fascicularis 4 4 3 4 Pericalymma ellipticum 3 1 3 Meeboldinia scariosa 2 Poa annua* 2 1 1 Lyginia barbata 5 3 3 Thysanotus multiflorus 1 2 3 2 1 2 Sp 193 medicago sp. 2 4 Pimelea hispida 3 2 4 Melaleuca laterita 5 4 5 6 4 Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 1 4 2 Dampiera carinata 1 Eutaxia virgata 1 3 2 4 3 Stylidium calcaratum 2 Conostylis sp. 2 Parentucellia viscosa* 1 1 2 Cassytha racemosa 2 1 Calothamnus lateralis 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 Kunzea ericifolia 3 3 2 3 Villarsia parnassifolia 2 1 2 Vellereophyton dealbatum* 2 1 2 1 Sp 247 2 Lepidosperma gracile 4

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2.14 Haye Park Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Melaleuca preissiana 5 5 5 5 Pericalymma ellipticum 1 2 1 2 Lepidosperma sp. 4 4 5 3 4 4 2 Trachyandra diffusa* 4 2 3 2 2 1 Acacia pulchella 2 3 1 1 Scaevola lanceolata 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 Haemodorum laxum 1 1 1 1 Vellereophyton dealbatum* 2 2 2 2 1 Cynodon dactylon* 2 Centaurium erythraea* 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 Dampiera carinata 1 1 Hypochaeris glabra* 2 1 1 Kenneida coccinea 2 3 Anigozanthos viridus 1 Dampiera linearis 2 2 Patersonia occidentalis 2 2 2 Stylidium sp. 1 Wahlenbergia capensis* 1 1 1 2 Parentucellia viscosa* 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Arctotheca calendula* 1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 Siloxerus humifusus 3 2 3 2 3 2 Conostylis aculeata 2 2 3 2 2 2 Sp 199 Gastrolobium sp. 3 3 3 3 5 2 1 1 Acacia applanta 2 1 2 Hypolaena pubescens 2 2 2 2 1 Poaceae sp. 1 Agrostocrinum scabrum 2 4 1 1 1 Kunzea recurva 3 1 Acacia saligna 1 2 2 Pimelea sylvestris 2 2 1 1 Baumea juncea 1 2 1 Daviesia physodes 1 1 1 2 Gompholobium 2 tomentosum Hypocalymma 2 1 2 angustifolium Sonchus oleraceus* 1 Sp 279 sedge 2 1 Ehrharta calycina* 1 Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 3 5 4 3 Banksia littoralis 2 1 Pelargonium littorale* 1 1 Hakea trifurcata 2 1 2 Romulea rosea* 2 Podolepis lessonii 2 2 4 Meeboldinia scariosa 1 7 Sp 234 Melaleuca sp. 2 Sp 185 Lomandra sp 1 Stylidium junceum subsp 1 1 1 1 junceum Tricoryne elatior 1 Goodenia pusilla 1 Sp 236 Restionaceae sp. 1 Gahnia trifida 2 Daviesia inflata 4

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2.15 Kemerton Species Cover and abundance A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Melaleuca preissiana 7 1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 3 5 5 4 Pericalymma ellipticum 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 Conostylis aculeata 4 4 1 3 3 Thysanotus multiflorus 1 Lepidosperma 3 2 2 3 3 4 2 2 longitudinale Briza maxima* 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 Briza minor* 1 1 Anagallis arvensis* 3 1 Hypochaeris glabra* 2 2 1 2 2 1 3 Hypolaena exculsa 2 2 1 2 Stylidium junceum subsp. 1 junceum Sp 183 Acacia sp 1 1 Schoenus indutus P1 1 2 2 3 Sp 185 Lomandra sp 2 3 3 2 Sp 44 2 1 Sp 119 Medicago sp. 1 1 2 1 2 Centaurium erythraea* 1 1 Avena barbata 1 Haemodorum laxum 1 2 2 2 Lolium rigidum* 1 Astartea fascicularis 3 3 1 Dampiera linearis 1 2 1 2 2 Eutaxia virgata 2 1 Hypocalymma 3 angustifolium Melaleuca huegelii 3 2 1 4 4 Sp 141 Sedge 1 Melaleuca teretifolia 1 5 3 3 3 1 Cassytha racemosa 1 Meeboldinia roycei 3 2 Kunzea ericifolia 2 Monodenia bracteata* 1 Acacia applanta 2 2 Lyginea barbata 2 Eucalyptus rudis 8 Banksia littoralis 1 Leucopogon propiquus 1 3 Kennedia prostrata 1 Sonchus oleraceus* 1

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References Adam, P. (1998). Issues in Wetland Management. In W. D. Williams (Ed.), Wetlands in a Dry Land: Understanding for Management. Canberra: Environment Australia, Biodiversity Group. Department of Environment and Heritage. (2000). National Framework for the Management and Monitoring of Australia's Native Vegetation. Retrieved 16th November, 2007, from http://www.environment.gov.au/land/publications/nvf/framework1.html Downes, B. J., Barmuta, L. A., Fairweather, P. G., Faith, D. P., Keough, M. J., Lake, P. S., et al. (2002). Monitoring Ecological Impacts; Concepts and Practice in Flowing Waters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Eamus, D., Froend, R. H., Loomes, R. C., Hose, G., & Murray, B. (2006). A Functional Methodology for Determining the Groundwater Regime Needed to Maintain the Health of Groundwater-dependent vegetation. Australian Journal of Botany, 54, 97-114. Environmental Protection Authority. (2000). Perth's Coastal Waters. Environmental Values and Objectives: The Position of the EPA - a Working Document. Perth: Environmental Protection Authority. Environmental Protection Authority. (2007). Regulatory Monitoring and Testing, Reporting Requirements. EPA Guidelines. Retrieved 22 November, 2007, from http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/pdfs/guide_rr.pdf Finlayson, C. M., & Mitchell, D. S. (1999). Australian Wetlands: The Monitoring Challenge. Wetlands Ecology and Management., 7, 105-112. Froend, R., Farrell, R. C. C., Wilkins, C. F., Wilson, C. C., & McComb, A. J. (1993). Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain, Volume 4: The Effect of Altered Water Regimes on Wetland Plants. Perth: Water Authority / Environmental Protection Authority. Froend, R., & Loomes, R. C. (2004). Approach to the Determination of Ecological Water Requirements of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems in Western Australia. (No. CEM 2004-12). Joondalup: Centre for Ecosystem Management, ECU. Froend, R., & Loomes, R. C. (2007). Cooljarloo Mine Falcon Extension: Vegetation Mortality Risk Assessment. A report to Tiwest Joint Venture. Perth: Froend, Bowen and Associates. Froend, R., Loomes, R. C., & Rogan, R. (2005). Study of Ecological Water Requirements on the Gnangara and Jandakot Mounds under Section 46 of the Environmental Protection Act. Task 4: Management Framework. Joondalup: Centre for Ecosystem Management. Report no. 2004-16. Froend, R., & Zencich, S. J. (2001). Phreatophytic Vegetation and Groundwater Study: Phase 1. (A Report to the Water and Rivers Commission and the Water Corporation of Western Australia.). Joondalup: Centre for Ecosystem Management. Hart, B. T. (1980). Environmental Surveys. In W. D. Williams (Ed.), An Ecological Basis for Water Resource Management. (pp. 205-211). Canberra: Australian National University Press. Horwitz, P., & Rogan, R. (2003). Aquatic Macroinvertebrates and on-flowing Wetland Values of the Yarragadee (outcropping and sub-cropping) Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems of South-western Australia. . Joondalup: Centre for Ecosystem Management. Jamieson, G., & O'Boyle, R. (2001). Proceedings of the National Workshop on Objectives and Indicators for Ecosystem-based Management., Sidney, British

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Columbia, Fisheries and Oceans Science and Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat. . Kent, M., & Coker, P. (1992). Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. London: Belhaven Press. Ladd, P. G. (1996). Ecology/ Ecological Principles - Unit Manual. : Murdoch University. Loomes, R. C. (2000). Identification of Wetland Plant Hydrotypes on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia. Unpublished Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. McComb, A. J. (1987). Biological Research Needs for Management of Perth Metropolitan Waters. Paper presented at the Proceedings of a workshop held at John Tonkin Water Centre. , Perth. Pettit, N. (1997). Vegetation. In D. Morgan (Ed.), Wetland Monitoring Series: A Review of Wetland Monitoring with Particular Reference to the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia. . Perth: Edith Cowan University.

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