Breeding of new fungus resistant vines for cool and cold climate Ernst Weinmann Temporary head department of viticulture State Institute of Viticulture an Oenology Freiburg Germany Topics of the lecture • Previous work • Breeding techniques in Freiburg • Family tree • Fungus resistant varieties for cool and cold climates • Genotypic screening (short statement) • Conclusion

07.09.2018 Basis of resistance breeding since 1934 since 1975 since 2004 American Asian Muscadinia Euvitis gene-pool Euvitis gene-pool gene-pool 2 n = 38 2 n = 38 2 n = 40 Resistance Resistance Resistance to - Oidium to - Oidium to - Oidium - Peronospora - Peronospora - Peronospora - Frost hardness - Nematodes on the root (e.g. rupestris, (e.g. ) (e.g. Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis cinerea) Vitis munsoniana)

Vitis vinifera (European und Near Eastern wild vine ( ssp. silvestris) and European cultivated , 7 000 - 10 000 varieties) (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa)

Folie 3 07.09.2018 Production of pollen

07.09.2018 Castration process

07.09.2018 Castrated flower cluster

07.09.2018 Pollinated flower cluster

07.09.2018 Cultivation and resistance verification

Seedlings cultivation

3-6% Survivors after 12 weeks infection test Peronospora infection in the greenhouse period 6 weeks Oidium infection resistance period 6 weeks

Folie 8 07.09.2018 Greenhouse after the infection with Peronospora

07.09.2018 Cultivation and resistance verification

Seedlings cultivation

3-6% Survivors after 12 weeks infection test Peronospora infection in the greenhouse period 6 weeks Downy mildew Oidium infection resistance period 6 weeks

Folie 10 07.09.2018 Family tree of the fungus-resistant vine

07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant white varieties (FR 240-75)

Crossing: x Gm 6493; Merzling = Seyve-Villard 5-276 x ( x ) Gm 6493 = Severnyi x Budding: some days before standard varities Pero.-Resistance: very high, no treatment

Flowering time: ca. 1 week before standard varities Oidium-Resistance: very high, usualy no treatment

Development / Irrigation: very low Limpness of stalks: very low grape closing: ca. 2 weeks before standard varities

Size of grapes: medium size, slackly Colouring/Softening:ca. 10 days before standard varities Berry size/-thickness: small-medium / low-medium

Harvest ripeness: very early, as of 10.09. over 100° Oechsle

Type of wine: good body, very strong, rich in content, fruity, integrated acid, distinct fruitiness due to maceration and cool fermentation

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Folie 12 07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant white wine varieties Muscaris (FR 493-87)

Solaris X Muskateller

Budding: Pinot-varities Pero.-Resistance : very high, only by a high likelihood of infection partly leaf infestation, normally no treatment necessary Flowering time: with Riesling/Pinot-varities Oidium-Resistance: relatively high, if necessary one treatment Developement grapes/ Irrigation: very low grape closing: with Riesling/Pinot-varities Limpness of stalks: low to partly occurring Softening: with Size of grapes: medium to big, few compact max. Pinot Gris-size Harvest ripeness: with Pinot Blanc Berry size/-thickness: medium size/ medium

Harvest result (temporary!) Muscaris 110 kg/a 90-105° Oe 6,8-7,5 g/l must acid

Type of wine: intensive bouquet, nutmeg, a little smokey touch, tastes strong-meaty, with intensive acid, ca. 15-20° Oe over Muskateller-must weight

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Folie 13 07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant white wine varieties Helios (FR 242-73)

Crossing: Merzling X (Seyve-Villard 12-481 X Müller-Thurgau)

Budding: with Müller-Thurgau and Pinot gris Pero.-Resistance: good

Flowering time: with Pinot gris Oidium-Resistance: good

Development grapes/ Irrigation: very low grape closing: with Pinot gris Limpness of stalks: very low Softening: some days before Pinot gris Size of grapes: medium/big Harvest maturity: with Pinot gris Berry size: small/low

Harvest result: 85 - 95 kg/a Must weight: like Pinot blanc Part of Rot: low

Type of wine: fruity, juicy, with a seperate pleasant bouquet, lively acid

www.wbi-bw.de/PIWI-Keltertraubensorten 07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant red wine varieties Monarch (FR 487-88r)

Crossing: (Merzling X (Zarya Severa X Muscat Ottonel)) X

Budding: some days before Pinot Noir Pero.-Resistance: good

Flowering time: with Pinot Noir Oidium-Resistance: good/medium

Development grapes/ Irrigation: very low/medium grape closing: with Pinot Noir Limpness of stalks: low Softening: some days before Pinot Noir Size of grapes: big Harvest maturity: shortly before / with Pinot Noir Berry size: medium/low

Harvest result: 100 - 110 kg/a Must weight: like Pinot Noir Part of Rot: very low

Type of wine: fruity, intensive in colour, rich on extract and phenol

www.wbi-bw.de/PIWI-Keltertraubensorten 07.09.2018 Cabernet Cantor Cabernet Carbon Baron Johanniter Helios Solaris Bronner Fungus-resistant wine grape varieties

Cabernet Carol Monarch Prior Muscaris Merzling

Folie 16 07.09.2018 Genotypic screening for R-loci at FEM

- Screened 11 loci associated to resistance traits: 5 Rpv to DM, 6 Run/Ren to PM and 1 Rdv to phylloxera

- Out of 740 selected resistant genotypes, 32% presents 2 Rpv + 2 Run/Ren loci and 6% carries 3 Rpv + 3 Run/Ren loci . Folie 18, 17. Februar 2004 Stacking of Rpv10 and Rpv3 using markers GF09-46 (Rpv10) and UDV-737 (Rpv3)

9 resistant

8

7

6

esistance

r

of

5

level

4 viticola

P. P. 3

2 susceptible Slide from JKI Siebeldingen 1 Rpv10 - - + + Rpv3 - + - + Wettability of the underside of Solaris sheets

Schwander, 2011

07.09.2018 Conclusion

• Vitis amurensis crossings promise better frost hardiness • Marker assisted selection facilitates the choosing of potentially new resistant varieties • Muscaris, Solaris and other early ripening Freiburger varieties are ideal for the cultivation in cool and cold climate • Helios, Muscaris, Johanniter and Monarch are available in the USA soon

07.09.2018 Thank you very much for your attention!

We take a closer look

07.09.2018