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Breeding of New Fungus-Resistant Vines for Cool and Cold Climate

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Breeding of New Fungus-Resistant Vines for Cool and Cold Climate Breeding of new fungus resistant vines for cool and cold climate Ernst Weinmann Temporary head department of viticulture State Institute of Viticulture an Oenology Freiburg Germany Topics of the lecture • Previous work • Breeding techniques in Freiburg • Family tree • Fungus resistant varieties for cool and cold climates • Genotypic screening (short statement) • Conclusion 07.09.2018 Basis of resistance breeding since 1934 since 1975 since 2004 American Asian Muscadinia Euvitis gene-pool Euvitis gene-pool gene-pool 2 n = 38 2 n = 38 2 n = 40 Resistance Resistance Resistance to - Oidium to - Oidium to - Oidium - Peronospora - Peronospora - Peronospora - Frost hardness - Nematodes on the root (e.g. Vitis rupestris, (e.g. Vitis amurensis) (e.g. Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis cinerea) Vitis munsoniana) Vitis vinifera (European und Near Eastern wild vine (Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris) and European cultivated grape, 7 000 - 10 000 varieties) (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) Folie 3 07.09.2018 Production of pollen 07.09.2018 Castration process 07.09.2018 Castrated flower cluster 07.09.2018 Pollinated flower cluster 07.09.2018 Cultivation and resistance verification Seedlings cultivation 3-6% Survivors after 12 weeks infection test Peronospora infection in the greenhouse period 6 weeks Downy mildew Oidium infection resistance period 6 weeks Folie 8 07.09.2018 Greenhouse after the infection with Peronospora 07.09.2018 Cultivation and resistance verification Seedlings cultivation 3-6% Survivors after 12 weeks infection test Peronospora infection in the greenhouse period 6 weeks Downy mildew Oidium infection resistance period 6 weeks Folie 10 07.09.2018 Family tree of the fungus-resistant vine Bronner 07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant white wine varieties Solaris (FR 240-75) Crossing: Merzling x Gm 6493; Merzling = Seyve-Villard 5-276 x (Riesling x Pinot gris) Gm 6493 = Severnyi x Muscat Ottonel Budding: some days before standard varities Pero.-Resistance: very high, no treatment Flowering time: ca. 1 week before standard varities Oidium-Resistance: very high, usualy no treatment Development grapes/ Irrigation: very low Limpness of stalks: very low grape closing: ca. 2 weeks before standard varities Size of grapes: medium size, slackly Colouring/Softening:ca. 10 days before standard varities Berry size/-thickness: small-medium / low-medium Harvest ripeness: very early, as of 10.09. over 100° Oechsle Type of wine: good body, very strong, rich in content, fruity, integrated acid, distinct fruitiness due to maceration and cool fermentation www.wbi-bw.de/PIWI-Keltertraubensorten Folie 12 07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant white wine varieties Muscaris (FR 493-87) Solaris X Muskateller Budding: Pinot-varities Pero.-Resistance : very high, only by a high likelihood of infection partly leaf infestation, normally no treatment necessary Flowering time: with Riesling/Pinot-varities Oidium-Resistance: relatively high, if necessary one treatment Developement grapes/ Irrigation: very low grape closing: with Riesling/Pinot-varities Limpness of stalks: low to partly occurring Softening: with Pinot Blanc Size of grapes: medium to big, few compact max. Pinot Gris-size Harvest ripeness: with Pinot Blanc Berry size/-thickness: medium size/ medium Harvest result (temporary!) Muscaris 110 kg/a 90-105° Oe 6,8-7,5 g/l must acid Type of wine: intensive bouquet, nutmeg, a little smokey touch, tastes strong-meaty, with intensive acid, ca. 15-20° Oe over Muskateller-must weight www.wbi-bw.de/PIWI-Keltertraubensorten Folie 13 07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant white wine varieties Helios (FR 242-73) Crossing: Merzling X (Seyve-Villard 12-481 X Müller-Thurgau) Budding: with Müller-Thurgau and Pinot gris Pero.-Resistance: good Flowering time: with Pinot gris Oidium-Resistance: good Development grapes/ Irrigation: very low grape closing: with Pinot gris Limpness of stalks: very low Softening: some days before Pinot gris Size of grapes: medium/big Harvest maturity: with Pinot gris Berry size: small/low Harvest result: 85 - 95 kg/a Must weight: like Pinot blanc Part of Rot: low Type of wine: fruity, juicy, with a seperate pleasant bouquet, lively acid www.wbi-bw.de/PIWI-Keltertraubensorten 07.09.2018 Fungus-resistant red wine varieties Monarch (FR 487-88r) Crossing: (Merzling X (Zarya Severa X Muscat Ottonel)) X Dornfelder Budding: some days before Pinot Noir Pero.-Resistance: good Flowering time: with Pinot Noir Oidium-Resistance: good/medium Development grapes/ Irrigation: very low/medium grape closing: with Pinot Noir Limpness of stalks: low Softening: some days before Pinot Noir Size of grapes: big Harvest maturity: shortly before / with Pinot Noir Berry size: medium/low Harvest result: 100 - 110 kg/a Must weight: like Pinot Noir Part of Rot: very low Type of wine: fruity, intensive in colour, rich on extract and phenol www.wbi-bw.de/PIWI-Keltertraubensorten 07.09.2018 Cabernet Cantor Cabernet Carbon Baron Johanniter Helios Solaris Bronner Fungus-resistant wine grape varieties Cabernet Carol Monarch Cabernet Cortis Prior Souvignier gris Muscaris Merzling Folie 16 07.09.2018 Genotypic screening for R-loci at FEM - Screened 11 loci associated to resistance traits: 5 Rpv to DM, 6 Run/Ren to PM and 1 Rdv to phylloxera - Out of 740 selected resistant genotypes, 32% presents 2 Rpv + 2 Run/Ren loci and 6% carries 3 Rpv + 3 Run/Ren loci . Folie 18, 17. Februar 2004 Stacking of Rpv10 and Rpv3 using markers GF09-46 (Rpv10) and UDV-737 (Rpv3) 9 resistant 8 7 6 esistance r of 5 level 4 viticola P. P. 3 2 susceptible Slide from JKI Siebeldingen 1 Rpv10 - - + + Rpv3 - + - + Wettability of the underside of Solaris sheets Schwander, 2011 07.09.2018 Conclusion • Vitis amurensis crossings promise better frost hardiness • Marker assisted selection facilitates the choosing of potentially new resistant varieties • Muscaris, Solaris and other early ripening Freiburger varieties are ideal for the cultivation in cool and cold climate • Helios, Muscaris, Johanniter and Monarch are available in the USA soon 07.09.2018 Thank you very much for your attention! We take a closer look 07.09.2018 .
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