DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impact of Specialist and Generalist Pre-Dispersal Seed Predators on the Reproductive Output of a Common and a Rare Euphorbia Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Impact of Specialist and Generalist Pre-Dispersal Seed Predators on the Reproductive Output of a Common and a Rare Euphorbia Species Acta Oecologica 36 (2010) 227e233 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Oecologica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actoec Original article The impact of specialist and generalist pre-dispersal seed predators on the reproductive output of a common and a rare Euphorbia species Mário Boieiro a,*, Carla Rego b, Artur R.M. Serrano a, Xavier Espadaler c a Centro de Biologia Ambiental/Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal b Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain c CREAF and Unitat d'Ecología, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain article info abstract Article history: Pre-dispersal seed predators can have a severe impact on the reproductive output of their hosts, which Received 31 August 2009 can translate into negative effects on population dynamics. Here we compared the losses due to specialist Accepted 8 January 2010 and generalist insect seed predators in two Euphorbia species, a rare (Euphorbia welwitschii) and Published online 4 February 2010 a common one (Euphorbia characias). Pre-dispersal losses to specialist seed-wasps (Eurytoma jaltica) and generalist hemipterans (Cydnus aterrimus and Dicranocephalus agilis) were on average higher for the rare Keywords: E. welwitschii than for its widespread congener. In both Euphorbia species, the variation in losses to Seed predation specialist and generalist seed predators was not related with traits indicative of plant size, fecundity, or Seed-feeding insects Congeneric species isolation. Nevertheless, the temporal variation in losses to seed-wasps seemed to be intimately associ- Plant rarity ated with the magnitude of yearly variation in fruit production. The impact of seed-wasps and hemip- terans on the reproductive output of both Euphorbia species was additive, though there was evidence for infochemical-mediated interference at the fruit level. The moderate levels of seed predation in E. welwitschii, together with the results from the comparative analysis with its widespread congener, suggest that insect seed predation is not a causal effect of plant rarity. Ó 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction usually feed directly upon the seeds or use them as oviposition sites, ensuring a rich food resource for the development of their From anthesis until seed germination the reproductive potential progeny. Many studies have reported that pre-dispersal seed of a plant species diminishes progressively as a consequence of the predation by insects could be extremely severe, frequently leading losses imposed by a variety of factors acting in conjunction or to losses greater than 50% of the total seed crop (Crawley, 2000; sequentially. Despite the plurality of causes governing the repro- Fenner and Thompson, 2005; Kolb et al., 2007). Even so, several ductive success of plant species, seed predation has frequently been authors (e.g., Janzen, 1971; Andersen, 1988) claim that estimations reported as a major form of seed mortality (Janzen, 1971; Crawley, of insect pre-dispersal seed predation are still conservative or even 2000) with seeds being consumed both before and after the misleading due to the inadequacy of the sampling methodology. dispersal phase. Although either form of seed predation may Therefore, the loss of seeds as a result of predation may be impose considerable reproductive losses (Hulme, 2002), pre- a potential threat for plant population growth or maintenance. dispersal seed predation has also the potential to negatively Various examples have highlighted how insect seed predation has influence seed dispersal mechanisms. For example, by damaging clearly the potential to affect the population dynamics of its host fruits pre-dispersal seed predators may render them unattractive to species by limiting plant recruitment (Louda, 1982a,b; Louda and frugivorous dispersers and even contribute to a lower number of Potvin, 1995; Kelly and Dyer, 2002; Münzbergová, 2005), which plantedisperser interactions (e.g., Jordano, 1987; Sallabanks and may ultimately lead to population decline. This was the case stated Courtney, 1992; Izhaki, 1998; Bas et al., 2005). Pre-dispersal seed by Hegazy and Eesa (1991) where extraordinarily heavy seed predators belong to a variety of animal groups, but many of them predation by bruchid beetles was considered a major threat to the are inconspicuous specialized insects that attack a particular plant existence of the narrow endemic Ebenus armitagei. According to species or a few closely related species (Hulme, 2002). These insects some authors, the impact of seed predators on the reproductive output of endemic plants may represent a mechanism that might help explain plant rarity (e.g., Lavergne et al., 2005; Münzbergová, fi * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ351 21 750 0000; fax: þ351 21 750 0028. 2005). Other studies, however, identi ed other factors that corre- E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Boieiro). late with commonerare differences and found no evidence for 1146-609X/$ e see front matter Ó 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2010.01.001 228 M. Boieiro et al. / Acta Oecologica 36 (2010) 227e233 a key role of seed predation in determining plant rarity (Fiedler, number of individuals (less than 20 individuals) and the observa- 1987; Simon and Hay, 2003; Lavergne et al., 2004). tion of recruitment failure during consecutive years in several of Insect seed predators, particularly the host-specific ones, can them may be indicative of their susceptibility to the negative effects also act as important selective forces by exerting consistent selec- of small population size (M. Boieiro, unpubl. data). During the last tion on particular plant traits (Zimmerman, 1980; Brody and century, E. welwitschii suffered a considerable decline as a result of Mitchell, 1997; Caruso, 2001; Cariveau et al., 2004). Pre-dispersal habitat destruction, which is still considered the major threat to its seed predators may, together with pollinators and other flower existence. visitors, drive flowering synchrony, flowering phenology and In both Euphorbia species, the fruit is a trilocular green capsule influence inflorescence characteristics, flower size and flower enclosing one smooth carunculate seed per loculum. The fruits longevity (Brody, 1997; Fenner et al., 2002; Wright and Meagher, differ in external morphology since the capsules of E. characias are 2003; Strauss and Whittall, 2006). pubescent while those of E. welwitschii are glabrous and somewhat Some of the few studies comparing pre-dispersal seed predation thicker. During fruit maturation seed predators are regularly in co-occurring closely related plant species revealed how partic- observed puncturing or ovipositing in full-sized fruits. Two kinds of ular plant traits may correlate with levels of insect damage. Green insect predators are responsible for reproductive losses in both and Palmbad (1975) stated that differential predation on two Euphorbia species: a specialist seed-wasp, Eurytoma jaltica Zerova Astragalus species may be due to differences in fruit morphology (Eurytomidae) and generalist hemipterans, Cydnus aterrimus and biochemistry, fruit internal temperature, and seed energy (Forster) (Cydnidae) and Dicranocephalus agilis (Scopoli) (Sten- contents. They found that lower levels of seed predation were ocephalidae). The seed-wasp E. jaltica can be found mating and correlated with fruit and seed characteristics that impose severe ovipositing in the fruits of Euphorbia species in April and May. The constraints on insect oviposition and larvae development. In larvae of this species develop inside the seeds feeding on their another study, Greig (1993) evaluated the impact of pre-dispersal contents. They overwinter inside the seeds and the adults emerge seed predators in a set of Piper species that exhibited alternative in the following spring, when fruits are again available for ovipo- reproductive strategies (partitioning between seed size and seed sition. In Iberia, E. characias and E. welwitschii are the only known number). She recorded the highest levels of insect damage in the hosts of E. jaltica (M. Boieiro, unpubl. data). The hemipterans less fecund species, which were also the ones that produced the C. aterrimus and D. agilis are generalist species that feed upon larger seeds. These species are attractive to a wider array of pred- a variety of plant species from different genera (Stichel, 1955/1962; ators, particularly weevils that can develop on large-sized seeds, Moulet, 1995). These insects are frequently seen on the fruits of but are unable to do so in the small-sized seeds of their congeners. Euphorbia species puncturing the seeds during the fruiting period. This kind of comparison among groups of congeneric co-occurring They inject saliva into the seed where extra-oral digestion takes species is considered a powerful method for studying patterns and place and then suck back the resulting liquids leaving the seed processes in evolutionary ecology. This procedure is now being deprived of its contents. increasingly applied in plant conservation biology since the anal- ysis of the main causes of mortality in pairs of common-rare species 2.2. Study sites may lead to a clearer understanding of the underlying causes of rarity and provide valuable information for the management of The study was carried out from 2002 to 2004 at five sites
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Die Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae) Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungstabellen Und Angaben Zur Verbreitung Und Ökologie Der Einzelnen Arten
    5 download Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) Herausgeber: 4fr für Naturkunde, RosensteinV 70 19 l; , Staatliches Museum 1, D- r Stuttgart Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A Nr. 506 170 S ,4. 9. 19.94 Professor Dr. Bernhard Ziegler zum 65. Geburtstag Die Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae) Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungstabellen und Angaben zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der einzelnen Arten The Tachinids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Central Europe: Identification Keys for the Species and Data on Distribution and Ecology Von Hans-Peter Tschorsnig und Benno Herting, Stuttgart Mit 291 Abbildungen Summary Keys are given for all central and northern European species of Tachinidae (Diptera). The most important data on distribution and ecology (mainly habitat, phenology, and host-range) are listed for the central European species. Zuammenfassung Es werden Bestimmungsschlüssel für alle in Mittel- und Nordeuropa vorkommenden Arten der Tachinidae (Diptera) gegeben. Für jede mitteleuropäische Art werden die wichtigsten Kenndaten zur Verbreitung und Ökologie (vor allem Habitat, Flugzeit und Wirtskreis) aufge- listet. Inhalt 1. Einleitung 2 2. Beg'iff.c erklärungen 4 2.1. Allgemeines 4 2.2. Kopf 5 2.3. Thorax 7 2.4. Flügel 8 2.5. Beine 9 2.6. Abdomen 10 2.7. Bereifung 11 2.8. Färbung . 11 download Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ 2 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 506 2.9. Körpergröße 11 2.10. Abkürzungen 11 3. Schlüssel für die Gattungen 12 4. Schlüssel für die Arten . 42 4.1. Subfamilie Exoristinae 42 4.2. Subfamilie Tachininae 63 4.3. Subfamilie Dexiinae 79 4.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ana Kurbalija PREGLED ENTOMOFAUNE MOČVARNIH
    SVEUČILIŠTE JOSIPA JURJA STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU I INSTITUT RUĐER BOŠKOVI Ć, ZAGREB Poslijediplomski sveučilišni interdisciplinarni specijalisti čki studij ZAŠTITA PRIRODE I OKOLIŠA Ana Kurbalija PREGLED ENTOMOFAUNE MOČVARNIH STANIŠTA OD MEĐUNARODNOG ZNAČENJA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ Specijalistički rad Osijek, 2012. TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Specijalistički rad Institit Ruđer Boškovi ć, Zagreb Poslijediplomski sveučilišni interdisciplinarni specijalisti čki studij zaštita prirode i okoliša Znanstveno područje: Prirodne znanosti Znanstveno polje: Biologija PREGLED ENTOMOFAUNE MOČVARNIH STANIŠTA OD ME ĐUNARODNOG ZNAČENJA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ Ana Kurbalija Rad je izrađen na Odjelu za biologiju, Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Mentor: izv.prof. dr. sc. Stjepan Krčmar U ovom radu je istražen kvalitativni sastav entomof aune na četiri močvarna staništa od me đunarodnog značenja u Republici Hrvatskoj. To su Park prirode Kopački rit, Park prirode Lonjsko polje, Delta rijeke Neretve i Crna Mlaka. Glavni cilj specijalističkog rada je objediniti sve objavljene i neobjavljene podatke o nalazima vrsta kukaca na ova četiri močvarna staništa te kvalitativno usporediti entomofau nu pomoću Sörensonovog indexa faunističke sličnosti. Na području Parka prirode Kopački rit utvrđeno je ukupno 866 vrsta kukaca razvrstanih u 84 porodice i 513 rodova. Na području Parka prirode Lonjsko polje utvrđeno je 513 vrsta kukaca razvrstanih u 24 porodice i 89 rodova. Na području delte rijeke Neretve utvrđeno je ukupno 348 vrsta kukaca razvrstanih u 89 porodica i 227 rodova. Za područje Crne Mlake nije bilo dostupne literature o nalazima kukaca. Velika vrijednost Sörensonovog indexa od 80,85% ukazuje na veliku faunističku sličnost između faune obada Kopačkoga rita i Lonjskoga polja. Najmanja sličnost u fauni obada utvrđena je između močvarnih staništa Lonjskog polja i delte rijeke Neretve, a iznosi 41,37%.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History Regarding the Taxonomy and Systematic Researches of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera)
    Memoirs of the Scientific Sections of the Romanian Academy Tome XXXIV, 2011 BIOLOGY A SHORT HISTORY REGARDING THE TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES OF PLATYGASTROIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) O.A. POPOVICI1 and P.N. BUHL2 1 “Al.I.Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania. 2 Troldhøjvej 3, DK-3310 Ølsted, Denmark, e-mail: [email protected],dk Corresponding author: [email protected] This paper presents an overview of the most important and best-known works that were the subject of taxonomy or systematics Platygastroidea superfamily. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part of the research surprised the early period can be placed throughout the XIXth century between Latreille and Dalla Torre. Before this period, references about platygastrids and scelionids were made by Linnaeus and Schrank, they are the ones who described the first platygastrid and scelionid respectively. In this the first period work entomologists as: Haliday, Westwood, Walker, Forster, Ashmead, Thomson, Howard, etc., the result of their work being the description of 699 scelionids species which are found quoted in Dalla Torre's catalogue. The second part of the paper is devoted to early 20th century. This vibrant work is marked by the work of two great entomologists: Kieffer and Dodd. In this period one publish the first and only global monograph of platygastrids and scelionids until now. In this monograph are twice the number of species than in Dalla Torre's catalogue which shows the magnitude of the systematic research of those moments. The third part of the paper refers to the late 20th and early 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management
    Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management Edited by J. E. McPherson Front Cover photographs, clockwise from the top left: Adult of Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), Photograph by Ted C. MacRae; Adult of Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), Photograph by C. Scott Bundy; Adult of Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Photograph by George C. Hamilton; Adult of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), Photograph by C. Scott Bundy; Adult of Megacopta cribraria (F.), Photograph by J. E. Eger; Mating pair of Nezara viridula (L.), Photograph by Jesus F. Esquivel. Used with permission. All rights reserved. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-1508-9 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materi- als or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, micro- filming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Food Plants of Some 'Primitive' Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn ANSC Articles Department of Animal Science 1988 The food plants of some 'primitive' Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Carl W. Schaefer University of Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/ansc_articles Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Schaefer, Carl W., "The food lp ants of some 'primitive' Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)." (1988). ANSC Articles. 9. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/ansc_articles/9 9!E THE FOOD PLANTS OF SOME "PRIWtrTTIVE" PENTATOMOIDEA(HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) CARL W. SCHAEFER Department of Ecotogy and Evolutionar.t Biolog.r, Unit,ersity of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268 U.S.A. ,ABSTR.ACT The iood plants of the Cydnidae (Cydninae,Sehirinae, Scaptocorinae, Amnestinae, Garsauriinae, Thau- mastellinae,Parastrachiinae, Corimelaeninae), Plataspidae, Megarididae, Cyrtocoridae, and Lestoniidae, compiled {iom the literature, are discussed.So too are the habitats ofthese insects,most ofwhich live on or are associatedwith the ground. This associationsupports an earlier assertionihat life on the ground was the way of lile o{ the early hemipterans. Most of these groups are polyphagous. However, the Plataspidae feed largely upon legumes, the Scaptocorinaeupon the roots ol Gramineae,some Cydninae also upon legumes,and many Sehirinaeupon members of the advanced dicot subclassAsteridae. Fallen seedsand roots are the preferred plant parts. A group ol mostly small drab shieldbugsappears to be primitive
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Family Groups in Pentatomoidea Based on Morphology and DNA Sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)
    Cladistics Cladistics 24 (2008) 1–45 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera) Jocelia Graziaa,*, Randall T. Schuhb and Ward C. Wheelerb aCNPq Researcher, Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; bDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA Accepted 18 March 2008 Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within the Pentatomoidea are investigated through the coding and analysis of character data derived from morphology and DNA sequences. In total, 135 terminal taxa were investigated, representing most of the major family groups; 84 ingroup taxa are coded for 57 characters in a morphological matrix. As many as 3500 bp of DNA data are adduced for each of 52 terminal taxa, including 44 ingroup taxa, comprising the 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and COI gene regions. Character data are analysed separately and in the form of a total evidence analysis. Major conclusions of the phylogenetic analysis include: the concept of Urostylididae is restricted to that of earlier authors; the Saileriolinae is raised to family rank and treated as the sister group of all Pentatomoidea exclusive of Urostylididae sensu stricto; a broadly conceived Cydnidae, as recognized by Dolling, 1981, is not supported; the placement of Thaumastellidae within the Pentatomoidea is affirmed and the taxon is recognized at family rank rather than as a subfamily
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Revealed by Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear Rdna Sequences 481-496 75 (3): 481– 496 20.12.2017
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 75 Autor(en)/Author(s): Lis Jerzy A., Ziaja Dariusz J., Lis Barbara, Gradowska Paulina Artikel/Article: Non-monophyly of the “cydnoid” complex within Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA sequences 481-496 75 (3): 481– 496 20.12.2017 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2017. Non-monophyly of the “cydnoid” complex within Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA sequences Jerzy A. Lis *, Dariusz J. Ziaja, Barbara Lis & Paulina Gradowska Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland; Jerzy A. Lis * [[email protected]]; Dariusz J. Ziaja [[email protected]]; Barbara Lis [[email protected]]; Paulina Gradowska [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted 02.x.2017. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 11.xii.2017. Editors in charge: Christiane Weirauch & Klaus-Dieter Klass Abstract The “cydnoid” complex of pentatomoid families, including Cydnidae, Parastrachiidae, Thaumastellidae, and Thyreocoridae, is morphologi- cally defined by the presence of an array of more or less flattened stout setae (called coxal combs), situated on the distal margin of coxae. These structures, suggested to prevent the coxal-trochanteral articulation from injuries caused by particles of soil, sand or dust, by their nature and function are unknown elsewhere in the Heteroptera. As such, coxal combs were regarded as a synapomorphy of this group of families, and enabled the definition of it as a monophylum.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Catalogue of Iranian Burrower Bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea, Cydnidae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 26:Annotated 1–31 (200 9)catalogue of Iranian burrower bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea, Cydnidae) 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.26.214 CATALOGUE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Annotated catalogue of Iranian burrower bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea, Cydnidae) Hassan Ghahari1, Frédéric Chérot2,5, Rauno E. Linnavuori3, Hadi Ostovan4 1 Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Share Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran 2 Laboratoire de Systé- matique et d’Ecologie animales, CP 160/13, Av F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgique 3 Saukkokuja 10, FIN-21220 Raisio, Finland 4 Department of Entomology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran 5 Service Public de Wallonie, DG03, DEMNA, av. Maréchal Juin, 23, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgique Corresponding author: Frédéric Chérot ([email protected]) Academic editor: Th omas Henry | Received 21 June 2009 | Accepted 26 October 2009 | Published 30 October 2009 Citation: Ghahari H, Chérot F, Linnavuori RE, Ostovan H (2009) Annotated catalogue of Iranian burrower bugs (He- teroptera, Pentatomoidea, Cydnidae). ZooKeys 26: 1–31. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.26.214 Abstract A catalogue of burrower bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea, Cydnidae) of Iran is provided. A total of 58 species from 5 subfamilies, 6 tribes and 22 genera is listed in this paper. Of these, 14 species are newly recorded from Iran: Byrsinus fossor (Mulsant & Rey, 1866), Byrsinus nigroscutellatus (Montandon, 1900), Byrsinus penicillatus Wagner, 1964, Canthophorus wagneri Asanova, 1964, Crocistethus waltlianus (Fieber, 1837), Geotomus antennatus Signoret, 1883, Sehirus cypriacus Dohrn, 1860, Sehirus dissimilis Horváth, 1919, Sehirus luctuosus Mulsant & Rey, 1866, Sehirus ovatus (Herrich-Schaeff er, 1840), Sehirus parens Mulsant & Rey, 1866, Sehirus planiceps Horváth, 1895, Stibaropus henkei (Jakovlev, 1874) and Tritome- gas delagrangei (Puton, 1888).
    [Show full text]
  • Historia Naturalis Bulgarica
    QH178 .9 58 V. 10 1999 HISTORIA NATURALIS BULGARICA & 10 fflSTORIA NATURALIS BULGARICA Volume 10, Sofia, 1999 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - National Museum of Natural History cm.H.c. ) (cm.H.c. () cm.H.c. cm.H.c. cm.H.c. - . ^1 1000 © - ,^1999 EDITORIAL BOARD U Petar BERON (Editor-in-CMef) cm.H.c. : Alexi POPOV (Secretary) Krassimir KUMANSKI Stoitse ANDREEV 31.12.1999 Zlatozar BOEV 70x100/16 350 Address 10.25 National Museum of Natureil History 6 „" 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1000 Sofia ISSN 0205-3640 Historia naturalis bulgarica 10, , 1999 - 60 (.) 6 - 6 (., . .) 13 - (Insecta: Heteroptera) 6 (., pes. .) 35 - - (Coleoptera: Carabidae) .-HI (., . .) 67 - Egira tibori Hreblay, 1994 - (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae) (., . .) 77 - Tetrao partium (Kretzoi, 1962) (Aves: Tetraonidae) (., . .) 85 - (Aves: Otitidae) (., . .) 97 - Regulus bulgaricus sp. - (Aves: Sylviidae) (., . .) 109 , - ,Pogonu (., . .) 117 , - „ - " (., pes. .) 125 , , , - 1 6 pes. (., .) 133 - (., pes. .) 147 - gecem (.) ^ 34 - (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (.) 84 - 60 - , 116 (.) , - ,- 124 (1967 1994) (.) - (.) 132 CONTENTS Alexi POPOV - KraSsimir Kumanski at sixty years of age (In Bulgarian) Scientific publications Petar BERON - Biodiversity of the high mountain terrestrial fauna in Bxilgaria (In English, summary in Bulgarian) 13 Michail JOSIFOV - Heteropterous insects in the SandansM-Petrich Kettle, Southwestern Bulgaria (In English, simimary in Bulgeirian) 35 Borislav GUEORGUIEV - Contribution to the study of the ground-beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Osogovo
    [Show full text]
  • Download (20MB)
    Tájökológiai Lapok 7 (1): 1–8 (2009) 1 NAPJAINK KÖRNYEZETSZENNYEZŐJE, A POLÁROS FÉNYSZENNYEZÉS FALUSI Eszter, TóTh Andrea Szent István Egyetem, Környezet és Tájgazdálkodási Intézet, Természetvédelmi és Tájökológiai Tanszék Gödöllő 2103, Páter Károly u. 1., e-mail: [email protected] Kulcsszavak: poláros fényszennyezés, poláros fény, polarizáció-érzékelés, ökológiai csapda Összefoglalás: A városokban és azok közelében az éjszakai égbolt csillagainak láthatósága jelentősen lecsök- ken, ami lényegében lehetetlenné teszi a tudományos csillagászati megfigyeléseket. Ezt a jelenséget csillagá- szati fényszennyezésnek nevezzük. Az ökológiai fényszennyezés alatt az élőhelyek mesterséges fények miatti degradációját értjük. Ebben az áttekintő cikkben megismerjük a poláros fényszennyezés (PF) fogalmát, ami a mesterséges poláros fénynek a polarizációérzékeny állatokra gyakorolt káros hatásait jelenti. Ezen belül is csak a sima és sötét mesterséges felületekről visszaverődő erősen és vízszintesen poláros fénynek a polaro-taktikus vízirovarokra kifejtett káros hatásai kerülnek összefoglalásra. A PF a környezeti hatásoknak egy teljesen új formáját jelenti, ami globális és evolúciós értelemben egészen újkeletű. Példákon keresztül kerülnek ismerte- tésre a PF eddig megismert kísérleti bizonyítékait. Az erősen és vízszintesen polarizáló mesterséges felületek poláros ökológiai csapdaként működhetnek, mivel az e felületekhez vonzódó polarotaktikus rovarok gyakran elpusztulnak és az általuk lerakott peték kiszáradva megsemmisülnek. Ezáltal a PF közvetlen veszélyt
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology of the Spermatheca in the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Bearing of Its Diversity on Classification and Phylogeny
    Eur. J. Entomol. 105: 279–312, 2008 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1332 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Morphology of the spermatheca in the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Bearing of its diversity on classification and phylogeny DOMINIQUE PLUOT-SIGWALT1 and JERZY A. LIS2 1Biologie et Évolution des Insectes, École Pratique des Hautes Études et Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biosystematics, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Opole, Oleska 22, PL-45-052 Opole, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Heteroptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea, Cydnidae, Amaurocorinae stat. n., vaginal structures, spermatheca, parietovaginal gland, ring sclerite, fecundation canal, morphology, classification, phylogeny Abstract. Cuticular parts of the spermatheca and associated vaginal structures (chiefly the ring sclerites of the parietovaginal glands) have been examined and compared in 190 cydnid species representing 65 genera and all five subfamilies currently recognized in the family (Amnestinae, Cephalocteinae, Cydninae, Garsauriinae, Sehirinae). Four species belonging to genera formerly included within the Cydnidae (Dismegistus, Parastrachia, Thaumastella, Thyreocoris) were also examined. Morphology of the three main parts of the spermatheca [seminal receptacle (distal bulb), intermediate part (pump apparatus), spermathecal duct] is described. Four main types of spermathecae can be recognized from the distal receptacle and the intermediate part: the amaurocorine type (in Sehirinae: Amaurocorini), amnestine type (in Amnestinae), garsauriine type (in Garsauriinae), and “cydnoid” type (in Cephalocteinae + Cydni- nae: Cydnini, Geotomini + Sehirinae: Sehirini). No synapomorphy of these types was found which suggests that the currently con- ceived Cydnidae are not monophyletic.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteroptera) Fauna of Azerbaijan Province, Iran
    Turk J Zool 33 (2009) 421-431 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-0804-3 Notes on the true bug (Heteroptera) fauna of Azerbaijan province, Iran Mohammad Ali GHARAAT1,*, Mohammad HASSANZADEH1, Mohammad Hasan SAFARALIZADEH1, Majid FALLAHZADEH2 1Department of Entomology, Agricultural Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia - IRAN 2Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom - IRAN Received: 07.04.2008 Abstract: The Heteroptera fauna in east Azerbaijan and west Azerbaijan provinces in northwestern Iran was surveyed during 2005-2006. In all, 73 species from 18 families were collected and identified, of which 1 species, Mozena lunata (Burmeister, 1835) (Coreidae), is a new record for the Palearctic ecozone and 6 species are newly recorded from Iran. Key words: Fauna, Heteroptera, Iran, Palearctic ecozone Introduction present study were to provide detailed information on The Heteroptera are very important in agriculture the distribution of Heteroptera in east Azerbaijan and (Linnavuori and Hosseini, 2000). In this suborder west Azerbaijan provinces, and to contribute to the there are aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial species, knowledge of the Iranian Heteroptera fauna. some of which are important agricultural and silvicultural pests (Kerzhner and Yachevski, 1964). On Materials and methods the other hand, predacious bugs reduce the number The study was conducted during 2005-2006, and of agricultural pests and may be used for biological nymph and adult specimens in the regions were control (Linnavuori and Hosseini, 2000); therefore, collected from different locations using different identification of Heteroptera is important (Linnavuori methods (Figure, and Tables 1 and 2). Most of the and Hosseini, 2000). specimens were collected by sweep net, light trap, or The Iranian Heteroptera fauna is rather well rectangular frame tray net.
    [Show full text]