DOCSLIB.ORG

The Age and Sex Gradation of Population Siberian Roe Deer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Age and Sex Gradation of Population Siberian Roe Deer International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 1592–1602, Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_155 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=11 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed THE AGE AND SEX GRADATION OF POPULATION SIBERIAN ROE DEER (CAPREOLUS PUGARGUS PALL), THE RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS XANTROPYGUS) AND THE ELK (ALCES ALCES CAMELOIDES) IN THE AMUR REGION AND THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA A.V. Senchik and Y.S. Guretskaya, FGBOU VO Far-Eastern State Agrarian University, Blagoveshchenskб Russia *M.A. Bormotov and A.V. Ryabchenko Management on protection, control and regulation of use of objects of fauna and their habitat of the Amur region, Blagoveshchensk, Russia *Corresponding author Igota Hiromasa Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan *coressponding author ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the sex and age gradation of wild ungulate populations in the Amur Region and the Republic of Buryatia. It is shown that each species of ungulates has its own characteristics of changing the composition during the year. Roe deer has a large offspring, but a high percentage of the deaths of the young, resulting in large number of young deer’s deaths. The main cause of death is susceptibility to climatic conditions during first month of life and the influence of predators. It has been established that the ratio of males to females in adult roe deer is relatively constant and changes mainly as a result of human exposure through selective shooting, and to a small extent from the natural characteristics of male’s roe deer (mating duels, upholding individual sites). The red deer, like the elk, has 1-2 calf litter, but the main reason for the death of the young in the first months is the influence of predators, especially the bear. The ratio of males to females in a deer population varies within 1: 1.3, and hereafter/later it changes cause of hunting grounds, and the higher it is, the greater number of males being shot. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 1592 [email protected] The Age And Sex Gradation Of Population Siberian Roe Deer (Capreolus Pugargus Pall), The Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus Xantropygus) And The Elk (Alces Alces Cameloides) In The Amur Region And The Republic Of Buryatia Keywords: Siberian roe deer, red deer, red deer, elk, population. Cite this Article: A.V. Senchik, Y.S. Guretskaya, M.A. Bormotov, A.V. Ryabchenko and Igota Hiromasa, The Age And Sex Gradation Of Population Siberian Roe Deer (Capreolus Pugargus Pall), The Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus Xantropygus) And The Elk (Alces Alces Cameloides) In The Amur Region And The Republic Of Buryatia, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 1592–1602. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=11 1. INTRODUCTION It is impossible to imagine big cities without public transport system. The main role of public rational use of hunting resources is the basis of modern hunting management. The study of wild ungulates has environmental, economic and social value. The solution of such problems as wild animal’s number preservation and its accruement, conducting high-quality protective, reproduction and biotechnical activities. The authors aim to establish the age and sex composition of ungulates, as well as factors that have a direct impact on its formation. However, studying the modern hunting economy, we conclude that at present it is based on obtaining material benefits. Having studied the activities of hunting farms in the Amur Region and the Republic of Buryatia, we concluded that hunting activities are minimal, and in farms that have very large areas (in most cases it’s promhozes and their followers, still preserved from the USSR times) are completely absent. Due to anthropogenic and technogenic factors, the efficiency and productivity of hunting lands decrease every year. This is facilitate, firstly, by forest felling, resulting in “real” forest vanishing, secondly by forest fires, which annually cover up to 50-60% of afforested land. An important factor is poaching, which, in combination with the above, does not improve the condition of ungulates populations. At the same time, the food resources abundance that grows in sufficient amount on the territory of the studied regions, allows to multiply the livestock of animals. But in winter, the harsh climatic conditions create great difficulties for animals, especially those who are living (inhabit) in the territories of the northern regions. It is necessary to take measures to reduce the burned areas, and even this will allow such species as elk stop the population regression, and together with environmental and biotechnical measures to preserve and increase the optimal number of animals. The authors conducted a study of the age and sex structure of the wild ungulates populations (elk, red deer, roe) in Eastern Siberia and the Amur region. The sex ratio was established, as well as the ratio of young animals to adults. The causes of changes in the age and gender species structures are identified, and the impact of anthropogenic factors and predators on the number of wild ungulates in two regions of the Russian Federation is assessed. Studies of mineral dressing in the ungulates life have been conducted. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Ungulates species diversity study (L.P. Sabbaneev (1988), S.A. Buturlin (1934)), summary materials by N.V. Turkin, K. Ya. Saturin (1902), A.A. Silantieva (1897) laid the groundwork for the study of deers in Russia. The subsequent invaluable contribution of VG Geptner, V.I. Tsalkin, A.A. Nasimovich, A.G. Bannikov (Geptner and Tsalkin, 1947; Geptner et al., 1961), KK Flerov (1952), served as the basis for future research. And now the collected, summarized and updated material by modern authors (S.P. Kucherenko, A.A. Danilkin (Kucherenko 1980; 1981; 1982; Danilkin et al. 1995; Danilkin 1999; 2009) and others) http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 1593 [email protected] A.V. Senchik, Y.S. Guretskaya, M.A. Bormotov, A.V. Ryabchenko and Igota Hiromasa allows us to go further and study previously unexplored aspects of animal life, as well as having a large sample to conduct a deep analysis of certain phenomena. Roe deer occupies most of the Amur area, avoiding only the most mountainous regions of the Selemdzhi and Zeya river basins, as well as the foothills of the Stanovoi Range. In the late XIX - early XX century there were hundreds of thousands roe deer population in the Amur Region (Kucherenko 1982). Until 1984, there were no roe deer hunting restrictions, that’s why were shot a lot of animals (Sandakova et al. 2015). According to our data (Sandakova et al. 2017), which in many respects corresponding to the data of KA Morozov (1975) over the past three decades, roe deer prey exceeds the established limits by 5-6 times. According to the data available in the literature, the average litter of roe deer is 1.98 (from 1 to 3 deer). At the same time, there are fewer males among newborns. By the fall the young stock is about 35-40%, and by the spring - about 25%. The spring livestock from the autumn abundance is reduced by 1/3, and with intensive hunting - 1/2 (Kucherenko 1982). According to the data of Yu.A. Darman (1986), the sex ratio of roe deer on the territory of the Khingan Reserve per one male is 1.2-1.3 females. According to Danilkin (Danilkin et al. 1995), out of counted 7108 individuals of roe deer, 27.4% were males, 35.6% females, 37% leverets. These data (per male to 1.3 females) are quite consistent with the data of Yu.A. Darman. It is also worth noting that according to A. Danilkin’s data in the Amur region during the observations from 1987 to 1994, the proportion of calves ranged from 34.7% to 40.6%, females older than a year from 31.4% to 38 3%, adult males from 17.4% to 18.8%, one-year-old males - from 7.6% to 11.4%. At this ratio, the adult males and females ranged from 1: 1.12 to 1: 1.41, and in general the population was 1: 1.27 (Danilkin 1999). The red deer (red deer) inhabits a significant part of the region, excluding the territory of the Zeya-Bureya plain, as well as the over-wetted low-snow plains of such rivers as Burma, Tom, Argi, etc., which are unsuitable for him. And if we take into account the barley of a part of the womiscus (15–20%), then 1.06 calf (Kucherenko 1982b). On average, about 94 calves are born from one hundred females (here embryonic mortality of 10% is also taken into account), which in spring constitute 43% of the number of the livestock. But given the high mortality of calves, only half of them will survive to fall. In the winter period, the percentage of adult bulls in the deer population is 24–26%, adult females — about 45%, last year’s — 6– 8%, and juveniles –– 22–24% (Kucherenko 1981). The ratio of males to females in the deer population on the territory of Arkharinsky district is 1: 1.85 (Darman 1990), while he notes that the population of red deer was as follows: out of 124 recorded animals, adult males were 34-40%, adult females - 26- 35% last year - 5-13%, leverets - 20-26%. At the same time, Yu.A. Darman also notes that the share of leverets by the spring is halved. The elk inhabits practically the same territory of the region as red deer. However, from the adjacent territory outside the Zeya-Bureya plain, he was driven out by man.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anaplasma Phagocytophilum in the Highly Endangered Père David's
    Yang et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:25 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2599-1 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Open Access Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the highly endangered Père David’s deer Elaphurus davidianus Yi Yang1,3, Zhangping Yang2,3*, Patrick Kelly4, Jing Li1, Yijun Ren5 and Chengming Wang1,6* Abstract Eighteen of 43 (41.8%) Père David’s deer from Dafeng Elk National Natural Reserve, China, were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum based on real-time FRET-PCR and species-specific PCRs targeting the 16S rRNA or msp4. To our knowledge this is the first report of A. phagocytophilum in this endangered animal. Keywords: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Père David’s deer, Elaphurus davidianus, China Letter to the Editor GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). The fluorescence reson- Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) are now found ance energy transfer (FRET) quantitative PCR targeting only in captivity although they occurred widely in north- the 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma spp. [5] gave positive eastern and east-central China until they became extinct reactions for 18 deer (41.8%), including 8 females in the wild in the late nineteenth century [1]. In the (34.8%) and 10 males (50.0%). To investigate the species 1980s, 77 Père David’s deer were reintroduced back into of Anaplasma present, the positive samples were further China from Europe. Currently the estimated total popu- analyzed with species-specific primers targeting the 16S lation of Père David’s deer in the world is approximately rRNA gene of A. centrale, A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum 5000 animals, the majority living in England and China.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Fallow Deer (Dama Dama Dama)
    Heredity (2017) 119, 16–26 OPEN Official journal of the Genetics Society www.nature.com/hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE Strong population structure in a species manipulated by humans since the Neolithic: the European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) KH Baker1, HWI Gray1, V Ramovs1, D Mertzanidou2,ÇAkın Pekşen3,4, CC Bilgin3, N Sykes5 and AR Hoelzel1 Species that have been translocated and otherwise manipulated by humans may show patterns of population structure that reflect those interactions. At the same time, natural processes shape populations, including behavioural characteristics like dispersal potential and breeding system. In Europe, a key factor is the geography and history of climate change through the Pleistocene. During glacial maxima throughout that period, species in Europe with temperate distributions were forced south, becoming distributed among the isolated peninsulas represented by Anatolia, Italy and Iberia. Understanding modern patterns of diversity depends on understanding these historical population dynamics. Traditionally, European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) are thought to have been restricted to refugia in Anatolia and possibly Sicily and the Balkans. However, the distribution of this species was also greatly influenced by human-mediated translocations. We focus on fallow deer to better understand the relative influence of these natural and anthropogenic processes. We compared modern fallow deer putative populations across a broad geographic range using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA loci. The results revealed highly insular populations, depauperate of genetic variation and significantly differentiated from each other. This is consistent with the expectations of drift acting on populations founded by small numbers of individuals, and reflects known founder populations in the north.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Selection and Extinction in Deer Saloume Bazyan
    Sexual selection and extinction in deer Saloume Bazyan Degree project in biology, Master of science (2 years), 2013 Examensarbete i biologi 30 hp till masterexamen, 2013 Biology Education Centre and Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University Supervisor: Jacob Höglund External opponent: Masahito Tsuboi Content Abstract..............................................................................................................................................II Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 Sexual selection........................................................................................................................1 − Male-male competition...................................................................................................2 − Female choice.................................................................................................................2 − Sexual conflict.................................................................................................................3 Secondary sexual trait and mating system. .............................................................................3 Intensity of sexual selection......................................................................................................5 Goal and scope.....................................................................................................................................6 Methods................................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Cervid Mixed-Species Table That Was Included in the 2014 Cervid RC
    Appendix III. Cervid Mixed Species Attempts (Successful) Species Birds Ungulates Small Mammals Alces alces Trumpeter Swans Moose Axis axis Saurus Crane, Stanley Crane, Turkey, Sandhill Crane Sambar, Nilgai, Mouflon, Indian Rhino, Przewalski Horse, Sable, Gemsbok, Addax, Fallow Deer, Waterbuck, Persian Spotted Deer Goitered Gazelle, Reeves Muntjac, Blackbuck, Whitetailed deer Axis calamianensis Pronghorn, Bighorned Sheep Calamian Deer Axis kuhili Kuhl’s or Bawean Deer Axis porcinus Saurus Crane Sika, Sambar, Pere David's Deer, Wisent, Waterbuffalo, Muntjac Hog Deer Capreolus capreolus Western Roe Deer Cervus albirostris Urial, Markhor, Fallow Deer, MacNeil's Deer, Barbary Deer, Bactrian Wapiti, Wisent, Banteng, Sambar, Pere White-lipped Deer David's Deer, Sika Cervus alfredi Philipine Spotted Deer Cervus duvauceli Saurus Crane Mouflon, Goitered Gazelle, Axis Deer, Indian Rhino, Indian Muntjac, Sika, Nilgai, Sambar Barasingha Cervus elaphus Turkey, Roadrunner Sand Gazelle, Fallow Deer, White-lipped Deer, Axis Deer, Sika, Scimitar-horned Oryx, Addra Gazelle, Ankole, Red Deer or Elk Dromedary Camel, Bison, Pronghorn, Giraffe, Grant's Zebra, Wildebeest, Addax, Blesbok, Bontebok Cervus eldii Urial, Markhor, Sambar, Sika, Wisent, Waterbuffalo Burmese Brow-antlered Deer Cervus nippon Saurus Crane, Pheasant Mouflon, Urial, Markhor, Hog Deer, Sambar, Barasingha, Nilgai, Wisent, Pere David's Deer Sika 52 Cervus unicolor Mouflon, Urial, Markhor, Barasingha, Nilgai, Rusa, Sika, Indian Rhino Sambar Dama dama Rhea Llama, Tapirs European Fallow Deer
    [Show full text]
  • American Elk (Cervus Elaphus)
    American Elk (Cervus elaphus) November 1999 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Management Leaflet Number 11 General Information Before European settlement, an estimated ten million elk roamed the North American continent. The American elk (Cervus elaphus), or wapiti, a Native American word meaning “white rump,” once had the largest range of any deer species in North America. For centuries, the elk has been a picturesque icon of the American west and has pro- vided recreational opportunities for hunters, photographers, artists, and other wildlife enthusiasts. Unregulated hunting, grazing compe- tition from domestic livestock, and habitat destruction from unre- strained timber harvesting, urbanization, and westward expansion throughout the nineteenth century reduced American elk populations to less than 100,000 individuals continent-wide by the early 1900s. Fortunately, the elk’s ability to use a variety of habitats, its opportun- istic feeding habits, and positive response to management efforts has Bull elk enabled the species to survive natural and human-induced pressures over time. These factors, coupled with concentrated wildlife management efforts, have returned the American elk to stable, and in some areas increasing, populations in the United States and Canada. This pamphlet is designed to serve as an introduction to elk habitat requirements and to assist private landowners and managers in developing elk management plans. Success of any individual species management plan depends on targeting the specific needs of the desired species, analyzing the desig- nated habitat area as a whole to ensure that all required habitat elements are present, and determining what management techniques will best improve the land as elk habitat. Range Four subspecies of American elk live in North America today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Persian Fallow Deer by Hubert J
    291 The Persian Fallow Deer By Hubert J. Pepper Discovered less than a hundred years ago, the Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica is in serious danger of becoming extinct. Mr. Pepper describes this large deer and the little that is known of its history, and urges the need for establishing a captive herd based on the two females in a German zoo, the only ones in captivity. HE Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica, which was first described as recently as 1875, is in imminent danger of extinction without ever Thaving been properly studied scientifically. There may be no more than 50 to 60 left in the world, and only two in captivity. This giant among fallow deer, standing at the shoulder about one-third as high again as the European fallow deer Dama dama, was presumably known to the ancient Egyptians (Dawson, 1934), but little written evidence remains. Fallow deer are mentioned in the Bible among the clean animals and in the list of game animals furnished for Solomon's daily table, and Tristram (1866) mentioned representatives of a fallow deer species on Mount Tabor and on the Litani River. The real discovery of the Persian fallow deer came, however, when Sir Victor Brooke was offered the skin and horns of a spotted deer from south-west Persia, which, he said, " appertained to a new and very interesting species " (1875). A drawing by J. Wolf, published at the same time, does full justice to the animal. Brooke wrote : " Hair of moderate length, stiff, close-set. General colour of neck, body and limbs bright fawn.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Consumption and Weight Response of Elk (Cervus Canadensis Nelsoni) Under Winter Conditions
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1952 Food consumption and weight response of elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) under winter conditions C. Roger Hungerford The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hungerford, C. Roger, "Food consumption and weight response of elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) under winter conditions" (1952). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6484. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6484 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FOOD CONSUMPTION AliD WEIGHT RK£PO::£E OF ELK (C erv as c a n a d e n sis^ n e ls o n l) UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS Cid/iRLES ROGER HUNGERFORD B*S#, U niversity of IdarxOj 19^8 Presented in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in W ildlife Management MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1952 UMI Number; EP37285 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Milk and the Antibacterial Activity of Deer Lactoferrin and Its Hydrolysates
    foods Article Lactoferrin Isolation and Hydrolysis from Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Milk and the Antibacterial Activity of Deer Lactoferrin and Its Hydrolysates Ye Wang 1,*, Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit 2 , Susan L. Mason 1 and James D. Morton 1 1 Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7674, New Zealand; [email protected] (S.L.M.); [email protected] (J.D.M.) 2 Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-2102566552 Received: 11 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 21 November 2020 Abstract: Lactoferrin (Lf) and other whey proteins have been isolated from red deer milk for the first time using a three-step anion and cation exchange chromatography protocol. The separated deer Lf was subject to in vitro gastric and duodenal digestions to generate peptides. The purity of the deer Lf and its hydrolysis products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The antibacterial activity of the deer Lf and its hydrolysates were investigated and was compared to cow counterpart. Gastric and duodenal digested deer Lf had strong bactericidal activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 280 µM and 402 µM, respectively. These results suggest that deer milk contains bioactive whey proteins and can generate bioactive peptides, which can benefit human health by inhibiting food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: deer milk; whey proteins; alpha-lactalbumin; beta-lactoglobulin; lactoferrin fractionation; lactoferrin hydrolysis; antibacterial activity; E. coli inhibition 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Population of Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea County (Romania)
    Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle © Décembre Vol. LIII pp. 351–356 «Grigore Antipa» 2010 DOI: 10.2478/v10191-010-0026-3 THE POPULATION OF RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS L., 1758) IN TULCEA COUNTY (ROMANIA) SORIN GEACU Abstract. The presence of the Red Deer in the North-western parts of Tulcea County is an example of the natural expansion of a species spreading area. In North Dobrogea, this mammal first occurred only forty years ago. The first specimens were spotted on Cocoºul Hill (on the territory of Niculiþel area) in 1970. Peak numbers (68 individuals) were registered in the spring of 1987. The deer population (67 specimens in 2007) of this county extended along 10 km from West to East and 20 km from North to South over a total of 23,000 ha (55% of which was forest land) in the East of the Mãcin Mountains and in the West of the Niculiþel Plateau. Résumé. La présence du cerf rouge (Cervus elaphus) dans le nord-ouest du département Tulcea constitue un exemple d’extension naturelle de l’aire de distribution d’une espèce. Ce mammifère n’est apparu dans le nord de la Dobrogea que depuis 40 années. Les premiers exemplaires ont été observés en 1970 à Dealul Cocoºului situé sur le territoire de la commune Niculiþel. Le plus grand nombre en a été enregistré au cours du printemps de l’année 1987, quand on y a observé 68 exemplaires. En 2007 l’aire de la population de cerfs (67 exemplaires) du département de Tulcea s’étendait sur environ 10 km de l’ouest vers l’est et 20 km du nord vers le sud, en tout environ 23 000 ha (dont 55% de terrain forestier) à l’est des Monts Mãcin et à l’ouest du Plateau Niculiþel.
    [Show full text]
  • Siberian Tiger Winter Tour
    XDEs Siberian Tiger Winter Tour th th Destination: Russia Duration: 14 Days Dates: 27 Nov – 10 Dec 2015 Getting a huge male Tiger climbing up a tree to scent mark on a camera trap Having the expert guidance of Alexander, a leading Russian tiger expert Seeing some winter resident birds including a breeding pair of Ural owls Being involved in a vital tiger census by counting tracks and setting camera traps Finding tracks of a mating pair of tigers along the road, following each other Exploring the immense Taiga forest that spans 2/3 of the northern hemisphere Finding a Mountain Hare recently killed by a Sable on the road – minutes old Learning about the indigenous Udeghe people from one of their elders in Gvasyugi Watching a seldom seen Siberian Weasel hunting alongside the road Meeting Zhorik the injured but playful Tiger; rescued from a circus & living in Utyos Tour Leader / Guides Overview Martin Royle (Royle Safaris Tour Leader) Alexander (Forest Reserve Director & Guide) Sergey (Base Camp Cook) Valeri (Forest Reserve Guide) Day 1: Khabarovsk Ivan (Base Camp Assistant & Fire Manager) Istmat (Base Camp Assistant & Cook) Days 2-12: Forest Reserve Arkady (Base Camp Assistant & Ski Guide) Viktor (Russian – English Translator) Eduard (Uytos Rehabilitation Centre Manager) Day 6: Utyos Centre Vaseli (Extra driver for Gvasyugi village visit) Participants Day 9: Udeghe Village Dr. Rob Voyle Dr. Kim Voyle Day 13: Khabarovsk Mr. Marc Begert Dr. Martin Daniel Mrs. Natascha Daniel Days 14: Home / Khabarovsk Days 15: Home Royle Safaris – 6 Greenhyth Rd, Heald Green, Cheshire, SK8 3NS – 0845 226 8259 – [email protected] Day by Day Breakdown Overview Tigers are most commonly associated with the tropical and subtropical forests and elephant grasslands of the Indian Subcontinent and South East Asia; however they used to range far and wide over the Asian continent.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Plasma and Plasma Evs of Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus)
    biology Article Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Plasma and Plasma EVs of Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Stefania D’Alessio 1, Stefanía Thorgeirsdóttir 2, Igor Kraev 3 , Karl Skírnisson 2 and Sigrun Lange 1,* 1 Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; [email protected] 2 Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (K.S.) 3 Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5000 (ext. 64832) Simple Summary: Reindeer are an important wild and domesticated species of the Arctic, Northern Europe, Siberia and North America. As reindeer have developed various strategies to adapt to extreme environments, this makes them an interesting species for studies into diversity of immune and metabolic functions in the animal kingdom. Importantly, while reindeer carry natural infections caused by viruses (including coronaviruses), bacteria and parasites, they can also act as carriers for transmitting such diseases to other animals and humans, so called zoonosis. Reindeer are also affected by chronic wasting disease, a neuronal disease caused by prions, similar to scrapie in sheep, mad cows disease in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. The current study assessed a specific protein modification called deimination/citrullination, which can change how proteins Citation: D’Alessio, S.; function and allow them to take on different roles in health and disease processes.
    [Show full text]
  • (Cervus Elaphus) and Siberian Roe Deer (Capreolus Pygargus) in China and a Brief Literature Review
    Parasite 24, 54 (2017) © W. Zhao et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017056 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE Dominance of the Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) in China and a brief literature review Wei Zhao, Jianguang Wang, Ziyin Yang, and Aiqin Liu* Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China Received 9 August 2017, Accepted 3 December 2017, Published online 21 December 2017 Abstract- -Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans and is also found in a wide range of animals. It is considered to be an important but neglected zoonotic pathogen. With the development of deer bred in captivity, the number of deer has been increasing in recent years in China and there are more people involved in this work. The aims of this study were to determine prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus), and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A total of 122 fecal specimens were collected from 104 red deer and 18 roe deer from three deer farms in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces, China. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected and genotyped by PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The average infection rate was 8.2% (10/122), with 7.7% (8/104) for red deer and 11.1% (2/18) for roe deer. Two genotypes were identified: a known genotype BEB6 (n = 9) and a novel genotype named HLJD-VI (n = 1).
    [Show full text]