Zoological Studies 56: 8 (2017) doi:10.6620/ZS.2017.56-08 A New Species of Microphysogobio (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Guangxi Province, Southern China Shih-Pin Huang1, Yahui Zhao2, I-Shiung Chen3, 4 and Kwang-Tsao Shao5,* 1Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. E-mail:
[email protected] 2Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail:
[email protected] 3Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Jhongjheng, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. E-mail:
[email protected] 4National Museum of Marine Science and Technology, Jhongjheng, Keelung 20248, Taiwan 5National Taiwan Ocean University, Jhongjheng, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. E-mail:
[email protected] (Received 6 January 2017; Accepted 29 March 2017; Published 21 April 2017; Communicated by Benny K.K. Chan) Shih-Pin Huang, Yahui Zhao, I-Shiung Chen, and Kwang-Tsao Shao (2017) Microphysogobio zhangi n. sp., a new cyprinid species is described from Guangxi Province, China. Morphological and molecular evidence based on mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b (Cyt b) sequence were used for comparing this new species and other related species. The phylogenetic tree topology revealed that this new species is closely related to M. elongatus and M. fukiensis. We also observed the existence of a peculiar trans-river gene flow in the Pearl River and the Yangtze River populations, and speculated that it was caused by an ancient artificial canal, the Lingqu Canal, which forming a pathway directly connecting these two rivers. Key words: Taxonomy, Gudgeon, Cytochrome b, Freshwater Fish, Pearl River.