Management Plans (Concept Adapted from Rate Et Al
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2009 OPPORTUNITIES FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF LONGBUSH RESERVE AND THE WAIKERERU HILLS Prepared by: Ecoworks NZ Ltd. 369 Wharerata Road RD1 Gisborne Ph: 06 867-2888 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ecoworks.co.nz SUMMARY OF MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES The following priorities have been ranked with reference to the long-term objectives of the Longbush/Waikereru restoration project. When resources are tight, higher priority management actions should take precedence over lower priority management activities. However, when funding does become available it is important to incorporate lower priority activities into current management plans (concept adapted from Rate et al. 2008). Very high priority: Pest control in Longbush Reserve - Continue to control vertebrate predators to near nil densities. - Continue to exclude vertebrate grazers from entering the reserve. Very high priority: Weed control within Longbush Reserve - Continue systematic surveillance and control of weeds within Longbush Reserve. High priority: Project funding - Prepare an initial budget for the proposed restoration activities. - Begin applying to appropriate funding organisations. High priority: Additional pest control - Extend current pest control to include the 113 ha Waikereru Reserve. Pest control should target rats, mustelids, feral cats, possums and feral goats. High priority: Cessation of livestock grazing - Remove domestic livestock from the Waikereru Reserve. Ensure the fence is maintained to prevent livestock from re-entering the reserve. - Cull feral goats from within the reserve. High priority: Additional weed control - Extend current regime of surveillance and control to include the Waikereru Reserve. - Systematically monitor the Waikereru Reserve for weed invasion following the removing of livestock. Medium priority: Kiwi/weka proof fence - Construct a kiwi/weka proof fence around the perimeter of the Waikereru hills. 1 Management Plan | 2009 Medium priority: Species translocations - Set goals and time lines for potential re-introduction of each species. - The order of specific translocations will depend on the ecology and life history traits of each species. - Habitat features within Longbush/Waikereru will need to be appropriate for each species before translocation is considered. - Species such as weka, North Island robin and kiwi would provide ideal advocacy species for the project. Medium priority: Monitoring - Record the location and condition of threatened plant species present within Longbush/Waikereru. - Undertake annual surveys of threatened birds, lizards, invertebrates and bats within Longbush/Waikereru. - Monitor the establishment rate of plantings and the success rate of previously controlled weed infestations. - Maintain permanent photo points. Medium priority-Low priority: Additional planting - Maintain current efforts of planting at the base of the Waikereru reserve. - Additional planting up the Waikereru gully systems could be considered once the project progresses. Low priority: Tracks - Extend and maintain the current Longbush Reserve track. - Construct a network of tracks in the Waikereru hills. This could include a lookout on the ridgeline. Low priority: Signage and interpretation material - Provide appropriate signage both informative and regulatory (e.g. ‘No dogs permitted within the reserve’). Regulatory signage will be particularly important once rare species such as kiwi and weka are re-introduced. Informative signage will help raise public awareness and support for the project. Low priority: Visitor infrastructure - As the project progresses and visitor numbers increase, suitable infrastructure, such as toilets and areas for rubbish disposal may need to be provided to ensure the ecological values of the site are not compromised. 2 Management Plan | 2009 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Overview map of the location of Longbush/Waikereru in relation to Gisborne city. ............... 9 Figure 2: Composite aerial photograph of the project area. Longbush Reserve (c. 15 ha) is illustrated in the yellow dashed line while the Waikereru hills (c. 115 ha) are illustrated in the green dashed line. The solid blue line shows the path of the Waimata River. The scale bar equals approximately 200 m. ...................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3: An aerial photograph taken in 1988 of the Longbush/Waikereru area. ................................... 13 Figure 4: Composite aerial photograph showing the approximate distribution of different habitat types within Longbush/Waikereru. Green outline = Longbush Reserve; yellow outlines = Waikereru gully remnants; white outlines = pasture; and blue outlines = plantings. The scale bar equals approximately 200 m. ...................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 5: View from Pa hill of the southern end of Longbush Reserve. ................................................. 16 Figure 6: Dense stands of kanuka are present at the top of the Waikereru gully systems. ..................... 17 Figure 7: Plantings at the northern end of the arboretum opposite Longbush Reserve. ......................... 18 Figure 8: ‘Released’ native trees in a clearing at Longbush Reserve (left). Students from Tai Rawhiti Polytechnic planting kahikatea at the base of the Waikereru hills (right). ..................................... 18 Figure 9: Plantings on the Longbush Reserve forest margins. ................................................................ 18 Figure 10: Native trees planted as part of the arboretum at the base of the Waikereru hills. ................. 19 Figure 11: Black orchid (left) and green hooded orchid (right) which are now abundant within Longbush Reserve. ........................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 12: East Coast kakabeak (left) and William’s broom (right) both in flower on the gastropod free island below Pa hill. ......................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 13: A forest gecko. ........................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 14: ‘Weta housing’ drilled log (left) and weta condo (middle). A large male Auckland tree weta (right). ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 15: A possum caught in a Timm’s kill trap. ................................................................................. 29 Figure 16: A feral cat caught in a conibear box trap (left). A feral cat caught in a raised conibear trap (right). ............................................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 17: A ship rat caught in a tree set Victor snap trap (left). A Diphacinone [0.05g/kg] bait block used to control rodents. .................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 18: A mustelid tunnel set with no. 6 Fenn traps (left). Patsy Matthews from Ecoworks NZ re- baits a mustelid tunnel (right). ......................................................................................................... 31 Figure 19: A dense indigenous under-storey dominated by kawakawa has re-generated in Longbush Reserve since the cessation of livestock grazing (left). Feral goat are still common in the Waikereru hills (right). ..................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 20: A photo taken in 2006 immediately following the planting of Pa hill (top); a photo taken in June 2009 of Pa hill plantings (lower). ............................................................................................ 35 Figure 21: A dense mat of Mexican daisy prevents indigenous re-generation on the pasture forest verge of the Waikereru Reserve. ................................................................................................................ 37 Figure 22: The gastropod-free island next to Pa hill. ............................................................................... 38 Figure 23: Potential route for a kiwi/weka proof fence. .......................................................................... 42 Figure 24: A Young Nicks Head grey-faced petrel (left). Cole Sawyer next to a grey-faced petrel on Young Nicks Head (right). ............................................................................................................... 43 Figure 25: A North Island weka. .............................................................................................................. 45 Figure 26: A green tree gecko. ................................................................................................................. 47 Figure 27: Kissing gates at the entrance of Longbush Reserve. .............................................................. 51 Figure 28: Panoramic view of the Waimata Valley from the top ridgeline of the Waikereru hills. ....... 51 Figure 29: Panoramic view of Poverty Bay flats from the top ridgeline of the Waikereru hills. ........... 52 Figure 30: Proposed trap lines for the control of mammalian pests on the Waikereru Reserve. Rodent baits spaced at 100 m intervals,