Oceania Species ID Sheets

Species Identification Sheets for Protected Wildlife in Trade - Oceania -

Mark O’Shea

1 Mike McCoy ©

Phil Bender

Tony Whitaker ©

2 4 Tony Whitaker © 6 WILDLIFE ENFORCEMENT GROUP (AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY · CONSERVATION · N. Z. CUSTOMS SERVICE)

Numbered images above Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. Photographers:1) Dick Veitch 1981, 2) Rod Morris 1984, 3) Gareth Rapley 2009, 4) Andrew Townsend 2000, 5) Paul Schilov 2001, 6) Dick Veitch 1979 Introduction

Purpose of this resource: - Additional species that should be included in this booklet Wildlife trafficking is a large-scale multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. The illegal trade of - Sources of information, such as identification guides or reports, related to these wildlife has reached such prominence that it has the potential to devastate source populations species of wildlife, impacting on the integrity and productivity of ecosystems in providing food and - Domestic legislation regarding the regulation of trade in wildlife resources to the local economy. In order to protect these resources, legislation has been put in - Sources of photographs for identification purposes place to control the trade of wildlife in almost every country worldwide. Those assigned with - Details of wildlife seizures, including the smuggling methods enforcing these laws have the monumental task of identifying the exact species that are being traded, either as whole living plants or animals, as parts that are dried, fried or preserved, or as Any feedback can be provided directly to the Wildlife Enforcement Group: derivatives contained within commercial products. Stuart Williamson Senior Investigator, Wildlife Enforcement Group This booklet “Species Identification Sheets for Protected Species in Trade – Oceania” has been Customhouse, Level 6, 50 Anzac Avenue, Auckland, New Zealand developed to address the lack of resources, identified by customs agencies within Oceania, for Ph: +64 9 3596676, Fax: +64 9 3772534 identification of wildlife species in trade. While focusing primarily on wildlife that is exported E-mail: [email protected] from, and traded with, Oceania countries, the booklet also covers some species that are commonly traded into the region from international sources. Supporting agencies:

Species covered include both: Wildlife Enforcement Group (WEG) a) Species protected under the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species The WEG is an amalgamation of three New Zealand Government Departments, tasked with the of wild fauna and flora (CITES); and job of monitoring and investigating the illegal organised trade in wildlife both into and out of New b) Species protected under domestic legislation Zealand. There is equal participation by the New Zealand Customs Service, (NZCS) Ministry of

Agriculture & Forestry (MAF) and Department of Conservation (DoC). Each department has its This booklet is intended to be distributed to border officers across the region in order to improve own role to play in the overall control of import, export or internal wildlife management but the identification of wildlife species and ensure effective enforcement of both domestic and collectively the WEG works for all three departments. international laws that control wildlife trade.

TRAFFIC How to make this resource work for you: TRAFFIC is an international wildlife trade monitoring network that works to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. It has offices covering most This booklet has been produced by the Wildlife Enforcement Group of New Zealand, with the parts of the world and works in close co-operation with the Secretariat of CITES. support of TRAFFIC, the Oceania Customs Organization and numerous other contributors. The value of this resource is entirely dependent on the information that is available, such as known Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO) species in trade and domestic legislation designed to protect those species. This booklet is a The OCO brings together twenty-three Customs administrations of Oceania (Australasia, living document and as such can be added to at any time. Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia). The mission of the OCO is to promote efficiency and effectiveness in all aspects of Customs administration in the region. Meetings between the In order to improve and add to this booklet to assist all enforcement agencies in the region, the customs agencies across Oceania are held each year by the OCO to provide a forum for Wildlife Enforcement Group request that where possible, agencies provide feedback and promoting harmonised and simplified customs procedures, introducing new methods, suggestions regarding: exchanging information and for generally improved communication between member administrations.

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org April 2010 Enforcement Group Contents p1 Contents valid as of 6 April 2010

Resources ......

CITES and the IUCN Red List

CITES Management & Scientific Authorities

Guide to Verification of CITES Permits

Traditional Asian Medicines ......

Introduction to TAMs

Interpreting information on medicine packages

Animals and plants: English, Chinese characters, pinyin and roman descriptions

Packaged / patented medicines

Widlife Trade and Smuggling Techniques ......

Birds: traded specimens and smuggling techniques

Geckos and small lizards: traded specimens and smuggling techniques

______* Codes for source countries in Oceania are as follows: AUS - Australia, FIJ - Fiji, NZD - New Zealand, PAL - Palau, PNG - Papua New Guinea, SAM - Samoa, SOL - Solomon Islands, VAN - Vanuatu, CKI - Cook Islands, KIR - Kiribati, MAR - Marshall Islands, FSM - Federated States of Micronesia, NAU - Nauru, NIU - Niue, TOK - Tokelau, TGA - Tonga, TUV - Tuvalu, NCA - New Caledonia, FRP - French Polynesia, WAF - Wallis and Futuna, AMS - American Samoa, GUA - Guam, NMI - Northern Mariana Islands, PIT - Pitcairn Island Contents p2 Contents valid as of 6 April 2010

Birds ......

Common Name Scientific Name Source Countries *

Lorikeets

Ultramarine Lorikeet Vini ultramarina FRP Blue Lorikeet Vini peruviana FRP, CKI Cardinal Lory Chalcopsitta cardinalis PNG, SOL Violet-necked Lory Eos squamata PNG Red Lory Eos bornea Indonesia Collared Lory Phigys solitarius FIJ Purple-bellied Lory Lorius hypoinochrous PNG Duchess Lorikeet Charmosyna margarethae SOL, PNG Yellow-bibbed Lory Lorius chlorocerus PNG Palm Lorikeet Charmosyna palmarum VAN, SOL Red-chinned Lorikeet Charmosyna rubrigularis PNG Meek’s Lorikeet Charmosyna meekii SOL Red-throated Lorikeet Charmosyna amabilis FIJ Rimatara (Kuhl’s) Lorikeet Vini kuhlii FRP, CKI, KIR Stephen’s Lorikeet Vini stephensi PIT

Common Name Scientific Name Source Countries *

Parrots and Parakeets

Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus PNG, AUS, PAL, SOL Horned Parakeet Eunymphicus cornutus NCA Kaka Nestor meridionalis NZD Kakapo Strigops habrotilus NZD Kakariki Cyanoramphus species NZD, AUS, NCA Kea Nestor notabilis NZD Masked Shining Parrot Prosopeia personata FIJ Crimson Shining Parrot Prosopeia splendens FIJ Red Shining Parrot Prosopeia tabuensis FIJ Australian King Parrot Alisterus scapularis AUS Singing Parrot Geoffroyus heteroclitus SOL Blue-collared Parrot Geoffroyus simplex PNG

Cockatoos

Ducorp’s Cockatoo Cacatua ducorpsii SOL, PNG Goffin’s (Tanimbar) Corella Cacatua goffini Indonesia Red-vented (Philippine) Corella Cactua haemateropygia Philippines

Birds of Prey

NZ Falcon Falco novaeselandiae NZD

Reptiles ......

Common Name Scientific Name Source Countries *

Iguanas

South Pacific Banded Iguana Brachylophus fasciatus FIJ, TGA, VAN Fiji Crested Iguana Brachylophus vitiensis FIJ

Geckos

Bavay’s Giant Gecko Racodactylus chahoua NCA N.C. Bumpy Gecko Racodactylus auriculatus NCA N.C. Giant Geckos Racodactylus leachinus NCA Guichenot’s Giant Gecko Racodactylus ciliatus NCA Rough-snouted Giant Geckos Racodactylus trachyrhynchus NCA Roux’s Giant Gecko Racodactylus sarasinorum NCA N.Z. Brown Geckos Hoplodactylus spp. NZD N.Z. Green Geckos Naultinus spp. NZD

Snakes

Pacific Tree Boa Candoia bibroni VAN, SOL, FIJ

CITES IUCN Red List

CITES (the Convention on International Trade A specimen of a CITES-listed species can only For over 40 years the (International Union for the in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and be imported into or exported (or re-exported) Conservation of Nature) has, through its Species Survival Flora) is an international agreement between out of a member State if the appropriate Commission, been assessing the conservation status of governments (member States). It aims to documents have been obtained in advance and species, subspecies, varieties and even selected ensure that international trade in specimens of are presented for clearance at the port of entry subpopulations on a global scale to highlight those which wild animals and plants (or their parts and or exit. These are as follows: are threatened with extinction. derivatives, i.e. anything made from parts of Appendix I species: them) does not threaten their survival in the - An export permit from the country of origin, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides wild. taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information or re-export certificate from the exporting for animals and plants that have been evaluated. The CITES works by subjecting the international country trade in specimens of selected species to - An import permit from the importing country assigned Categories and Criteria are designed to determine certain controls. All import, export, re-export Appendix II species: the relative risk of extinction. and introduction from the sea of any of the - An export permit from the country of origin, 34,000 species covered by the Convention has or re-export certificate from the exporting Species listed CR (Critically Endangered), EN to be authorized through a licensing system. country (Endangered) and VU (Vulnerable) have a higher risk of Animals and plants listed under CITES appear Appendix III species: global extinction than those listed as NT (Near Threatened) within one of the three Appendices, meaning - An export permit from the country of origin, or LC (Least Concern). that their trade is tightly regulated through a or certificate of origin from the exporting standardised permit system: country More information is available at www.redlist.org Appendix I includes species threatened with In some cases your national law may be stricter extinction. Trade in these is allowed only in and it is this which should be applied in such exceptional circumstances. cases.

Appendix II includes species in which uncontrolled trade could threaten their survival. There is no formal link between CITES and the IUCN Red Further information is available at These species are not necessarily threatened List. www.cities.org at the current time. CITES: determines which procedures are followed with Appendix III contains species that are respect to international trade in listed animals and plants. protected in at least one country that has requested other member States for help in IUCN Red List: determines biological status of animals controlling the trade. and plants.

Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group CITES Management & Scientific Authorities

CITES

CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export and introduction from the sea of species covered by the Convention has to be authorized through a licensing system. Each Party to the Convention must designate one or more Management Authorities and one or more Scientific Authorities.

Management Authority…………………………………………. Scientific Authority......

Administers the licensing system for species listed on CITES. Advises the Management Authority on the effects of trade on the status of species in the wild. Enforcement of CITES regulations may be carried out by the Management Authority, or assigned to specified Enforcement Authorities who are responsible for carrying out investigations and prosecuting traders who do not hold valid permits.

It is the Management Authority who should be contacted when live specimens are seized.

Contact details for the CITES Management, Scientific, and related authorities are given on the following pages. Further contact details or updates can be obtained from the CITES website.

Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group CITES Scientific & Management Authorities

American Samoa, Commonwealth Australia Cook Islands Fiji of the Northern Mariana Islands & Management Authority (Non-Party to CITES) Management Authorities Guam International Wildlife Trade Ministry of Lands, Mineral Resources and Authority competent to issue comparable Department of the Environment, Environment Management Authority documentation Water, Heritage and the Arts (EWHA) Department of Environment

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Canberra, Australia Suva, Fiji Division of Management Authority National Environment Service Arlington, Virginia, USA General: +61 (2) 6274 1900 Director Director of Environment: Director: +61 (2) 6274 2270 Avarua, Rarotonga Tel: +67 (9) 331 16 99 Office of the Chief: +1 (703) 358 2093 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Branch of CITES Operations: +1 (703) 358 2095 Tel: +68 (2) 21 256 Email: [email protected] Branch of Permits: +1 (703) 358 2104 Scientific Authority Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Senior Environment Officer: Department of the EWHA Ms Elizabeth Munro Email: [email protected] Scientific Authority Wildlife Trade Assessments Section Senior Environment officer Email: [email protected]

Canberra, Australia Biodiversity Unit - Island Futures Division U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marine species Appendix II: Division of Scientific Authority General: +61 (2) 6274 1900 National Environment Service Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Arlington, Virginia, USA Director: +61 (2) 62 74 2880 Avarua, Rarotonga Suva, Fiji Email: [email protected] Tel: +1 (703) 358 1708 Director: [email protected] Tel: +68 (2) 21 256 Director of Fisheries: Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +67 (9) 330 10 11 Marine: Email: [email protected] Enforcement Authorities Department of the EWHA Scientific institution capable of advising Marine Biodiversity Policy Branch that an export is not detrimental to the Scientific Authority Animals: Marine Policy Development Section survival of the species concerned Department of Environment U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Canberra, Australia Biodiversity Conservation Committee Suva, Fiji Special Agent in Charge of Investigations Asst. Secretary: +61 (2) 6274 2531 Biodiversity Unit Office of Law Enforcement Contact Director of Environment Asst. Secretary: Island Futures Division Arlington, Virginia, USA (Tel and Email as above) [email protected] National Environment Service

Tel: +1 (703) 358 1949 Avarua, Rarotonga Email: [email protected] Enforcement Authority Tel: +68 (2) 21 256 Plants: Environment Investigations Unit Email: [email protected] Department of the EWHA

CITES Program Coordinator Director, Assistant Director or Principal U.S. Department of Agriculture Investigator Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Canberra, Australia Plant Protection and Quarantine Riverdale, Maryland, USA Director: +61 (2) 6274 2786 Principal Investigator: +61 (2) 6274 9305 Tel: +1 (301) 734 8891 Email: [email protected]

Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group CITES Scientific & Management Authorities

Federated States of Micronesia French Polynesia, New French Polynesia, New Kiribati Caledonia & Wallis and Futuna Caledonia & Wallis and Futuna (Non-Party to CITES) (Non-Party to CITES) Islands Islands continued... Authority competent to issue comparable Authorities competent to issue comparable Management Authority Scientific Authorities documentation documentation

Department of Resources and Development Office of international trade in endangered National Museum of Natural History Marine species: species Paris, France Palikir, Pohnpei Directorate for Water and Biodiversity Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Tel: +33 (1) 40 79 48 11 Tel: +69 (1) 320 26 20/46 Sub-Directorate for the protection and recovery Development Email: [email protected] Tel: +69 (1) 320 51 33 of species and their environments Bairiki, Tarawa, Kiribati

Email: [email protected] Ministry of ecology, energy, sustainable Fauna: Tel: +68 (6) 2 10 99 development and the sea, in charge of green Scientific institution capable of advising that Tel: +33 (1) 40 79 31 62 Email: [email protected] technologies and climate negotiations an export is not detrimental to the survival of Email: [email protected] France Other species: the species concerned Flora: Tel: +33 (1) 4081 3168 Ministry of Environment, Lands and Department of Resources and Development Email: [email protected] Tel: +33 (1) 40 79 33 67 Agricultural Development Palikir, Pohnpei Email: [email protected] Bikenibeu, Tarawa, Kiribati - This Ministry does not issue permits or Tel: +68 (6) 2 82 11 Tel: +69 (1) 320 26 20/46 certificates Institute of Development Research Email: [email protected] Tel: +69 (1) 320 51 33 Noumea, New Caledonia

Email: [email protected] Management Authorities competent to Tel: +68 (7) 26 10 00 Scientific institutions capable of advising grant permits and certificates Email: [email protected] that an export is not detrimental to the

survival of the species concerned French Polynesia Enforcement Authority

Marine species: Office of the Republic in French Polynesia Central Office for the environmental and public Regional Delegation for Research and health (OCLAESP) Fisheries Division Technology Quartier du Fort, Arcueil, France Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources

Development Tel: +33 (689) 50 6043 Tel: +33 (1) 56 28 71 75 Bairiki, Tarawa, Kiribati Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +68 (6) 2 10 99 New Caledonia Email: [email protected]

Office of the Republic in New Caledonia Other species: Secretary General Agriculture Division Tel: +33 (687) 23 2430 Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Email: [email protected] Development Bikenibeu, Tarawa, Kiribati

Tel: +686 2 82 11 Email: matiota [email protected]

Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group CITES Scientific & Management Authorities

Marshall Islands New Zealand & Tokelau Nauru Niue

(Non-Party to CITES) Management Authority (Non-Party to CITES) (Non-Party to CITES)

Department of Conservation (DOC) Authority competent to issue comparable Authority competent to issue comparable Authority competent to issue comparable Conservation House documentation documentation documentation Wellington, New Zealand

Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority Tel: +64 (4) 471 07 26 None communicated to the CITES Secretariat None communicated to the CITES Secretariat Majuro, Marshall Islands Email: [email protected] within the previous two years within the previous two years

Tel: +69 (2) 625 82 62 Other Management Authorities competent Scientific institution capable of advising Scientific institution capable of advising that Tel: +69 (2) 625 56 32 to grant permits that an export is not detrimental to the an export is not detrimental to the survival of Fax: +692 625 54 47 survival of the species concerned the species concerned DOC, Auckland, New Zealand Email: [email protected] Tel: +64 (9) 307 92 79 None communicated to the CITES Secretariat None communicated to the CITES Secretariat Scientific institution capable of advising Email: [email protected] within the previous two years within the previous two years that an export is not detrimental to the survival of the species concerned DOC, Poneke Area Office Wellington, New Zealand

Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority Tel: +64 (4) 472 58 21 Majuro, Marshall Islands Email: [email protected]

Tel and Email same as above DOC, Christchurch, New Zealand

Tel: +64 (3) 379 97 58 Email: [email protected]

Scientific Authority

DOC, Attn: Dr Hugh Robertson Wellington, New Zealand

Tel: +64 (4) 471 07 26 Email: [email protected]

Enforcement Authority

Wildlife Enforcement Group c/o New Zealand Customs Auckland, New Zealand

Tel: +64 (9) 359 66 07 Email: [email protected]

Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group CITES Scientific & Management Authorities

Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Islands Samoa

Management Authority Management Authority Management Authorities Management Authority

National Environment Planner Department of Environment and Conservation Department for Environment, Food and Rural The Chief Executive Office of Environmental Response and Boroko, NDC, Papua New Guinea Affairs (Defra) Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Coordination Wildlife Species Conservation Division Tel: +67 (5) 325 01 80/95 Apia, Samoa Office of the President Temple Quay, Bristol, UK Email: [email protected] Koror, Palau Tel: +44 (117) 372 87 49 Tel: +68 (5) 211 71 Tel: +68 (0) 767 86 81 Scientific Authorities Email: [email protected] Tel: +68 (0) 488 44 11 Scientific Authority Terrestrial fauna, and marine mammals and Deputy Director: Email: [email protected] reptiles: Tel: +44 (207) 238 56 32 Email: [email protected] The Chief Executive Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Biodiversity Branch Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Department of Environment and Conservation Head of CITES Policy Unit: Apia, Samoa Scientific Authorities Boroko, NDC, Papua New Guinea Tel: +44 (117) 372 83 84 Email: [email protected] Plant and terrestrial animals: Tel: +67 (5) 325 01 95

Director of the Bureau of Agriculture Aquatic species: Competent to grant permits Ministry of Resources and Development Animal Health Koror, Palau National Fisheries Authority Port Moresby, NCD, Papua New Guinea Wildlife Licensing and Registration Service Tel: +68 (0) 488 81 71 (WLRS) Tel: +67 (5) 320 31 33 Email: [email protected] Temple Quay, Bristol, UK

Flora: Fisheries: Tel: +44 (117) 372 87 74 Tel: +44 (117) 372 88 31 Director of the Bureau of Marine Resources PNG Forests Authority Email: [email protected] Ministry of Resources and Development Boroko, NDC, Papua New Guinea [email protected] Koror, Palau Tel: +67 (5) 327 78 00

Tel: +68 (0) 488 57 22 Other Management Authorities competent Tel: +68 (0) 488 31 25 to grant permits Email: [email protected] Pitcairn Islands

The Governor, Pitcairn Island c/o British High Commission Auckland, New Zealand

Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group CITES Scientific & Management Authorities

Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu

Management Authority (Non-Party to CITES) (Non-Party to CITES) Management Authority

Environment Unit Permanent Secretary Authority competent to issue comparable Authority competent to issue comparable Port Vila, Vanuatu Ministry of Environment, Conservation and documentation documentation Meteorology Tel: +67 (8) 2 53 02 Fisheries Division Honiara, Solomon Islands None communicated to the CITES Secretariat Telex: 1040 vangov nh Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Forestry and within the previous two years Email: [email protected] Director, Environment and Conservation Fisheries (MAFFF)

Division: Nuku’alofa, Tonga Scientific institution capable of advising Scientific Authority Tel: +67(7) 2 30 31/32 Tel: +67 (6) 2 13 99 that an export is not detrimental to the Email: [email protected] Environment Unit survival of the species concerned Port Vila, Vanuatu Chief Environment Officer: Scientific institution capable of advising Tel: +67(7) 2 30 31/32 that an export is not detrimental to the None communicated to the CITES Secretariat Contact details same as above Email: [email protected] survival of the species concerned within the previous two years

Chief Conservation Officer Research and Aquaculture Centre Tel: +67(7) 2 30 31/32 Fisheries Division Email: [email protected] Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFFF) Scientific Authorities Nuku’alofa, Tonga

Director, Environment and Conservation Tel: +67 (6) 2 13 99 Division: Tel: +67(7) 2 30 31/32 Email: [email protected]

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Honiara, Solomon Islands

Permanent Secretary: Tel: +67 (7) 2 86 15 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Honiara, Solomon Islands

Permanent Secretary: Tel: +67(7) 2 86 04 Email: [email protected]

Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group Guide to Verification of CITES permits

CITES permits accompanying shipment

Appendix I: Export permit or re-export certificate and import permit Appendix II: Export permit or re-export certificate Appendix III: Export permit or certificate of origin

Appropriate permits produced Failure to produce appropriate permits DENY ENTRY

Original copies of permits are supplied Photocopy or counterfeit permits are supplied DENY ENTRY

Permits were NOT modified after issue Permits were modified after issue DENY ENTRY

Permits HAVE NOT expired Permits have expired DENY ENTRY

Permits contain NO errors or omissions Permits contain errors or omissions DENY ENTRY

Permits are signed by the official CITES authority Permits are NOT signed by the official CITES authority DENY ENTRY

Permits have a validated CITES stamp* Permits have NO CITES stamp* or stamp* is not validated DENY ENTRY

Content of shipment is in compliance (number and species) Content of shipment is NOT in compliance (number and species) DENY ENTRY

ALLOW ENTRY** * When applicable (not all countries use CITES stamps) ** Check to see if species is subject to any other form of control (such as under national legislation)

Adapted from Environment Canada Wildlife March 2010 Enforcement Group Traditional Asian Medicines

Traditional Asian Medicines

Traditional Asian Medicines have been in existence for more than 5,000 years. They rely on using animals and plant substances, which form the basis of raw ingredients for prescription medicine and manufactured patent medicines. The raw ingredients may be used directly after some preparation (grinding, washing, boiling, drying etc.) or may be made into factory-processed forms such as plasters, pills or tablets and packaged in mass quantities for national or worldwide distribution.

Some species used in Traditional Asian medicines are listed on the CITES appendices and therefore require import and/or export permits when traded internationally.

These identification sheets provide just a few examples of the forms in which Traditional Asian medicines are traded, species that they may contain and how to identify them.

For further information and identification guides, please to the CD included with this resource titled Traditional Asian Medicine Identification Guide for Law Enforcers, Version II. This includes extensive information and images to assist with identifying: - Plant and animal raw ingredients traded for medicinal purposes - Ingredients in patent medicines based on their Chinese or English names - Packaging of patent medicines that contain CITES listed species - Fakes and counterfeits

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Traditional Asian Medicines

Interpreting information on medicine packages

Parts of plants and animals are often ground down and included in Traditional Asian Medicines in the form of plasters, capsules/pills, medicine balls, resin blocks, powders or liquids. Plants and animal products included in packaged medicines can be identified from the ingredients listed and may be printed in English, Chinese characters, Pinyin or Roman descriptions. Pinyin is the phonetic sound of the Chinese words, and Roman is the pharmaceutical name given to the ingredients.

Example: front cover of medicine package Example: ingredients list of medicine package

Chinese characters for musk Chinese characters for tiger bone Chinese Chinese Chinese characters characters characters Roman Roman for for for for for ingredients musk tiger bone musk tiger bone

Chinese pinyin Name and country Chinese pinyin for musk of manufacturer for tiger bone

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Traditional Asian Medicines

This and the following sheet lists some of the most commonly found species in Traditional Asian Medicines and the forms in which they appear in medicinal products. The names are given in English, Chinese characters, Pinyin and Roman descriptions. The CITES appendix listing is also given.

Animals

Common Name Scientific Name Simple Chinese Complex Chinese Pinyin Roman CITES Character Character Bear bile Ursidae spp. Xiong Dan Fel Ursi I or II

Cobra, Asiatic Naja naja Yan Jing She Naja II

Deer musk Moschus spp. She Xiang Moschus I or II

Leopard bone Panthera pardus Bao Gu Os Pardi I

Pangolin scale Manis spp. Chua Shan Jia Lin Squama Manitis II

Rhinoceros horn Rhinocerotidae spp. Xi Niu Jiao Cornu Rhinoceri I

Saiga Antelope horn Saiga tatarica Ling Yang Jiao Cornu Saigae Tataricae II

Saiga Antelope horn Saiga tatarica Ling Yang Fen Pulvis Saigae Tataricae II powder

Seahorse Hippocampus spp. Hai Ma Hippocampus II

Tiger bone Panthera tigris Hu Gu Os Tigris I

Turtle / Tortoise shell Testudinidae spp. Gui Ban Plastrum Testudinis I, II or NC*

Tortoise Testudinidae spp. Daimoke / Wu Gai I, II or NC*

Turtle shell Testudinidae spp. Gui Jia / Bie Jia / I, II or NC* or Hai Gui

* Not Controlled: some species or distributions of this group are not protected under CITES

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Traditional Asian Medicines

Plants

Common Name Scientific Name Simple Chinese Complex Chinese Pinyin Roman CITES Character Character Agarwood Aquilaria spp. Chen Xiang Lignum Aquilaria II

Aucklandia lappa / Saussurea costus Mu Xiang Radix Suassureae I Costus plant Bletilia orchid Bletilla spp. Bai Ji Bletillae Rhizoma II

Cibotium tree fern Cibotium barometz Gaou Ji Cibotii Rhizoma II

Cistanche (stem) Cistanche deserticola Rou Cong Rong Herba Cistanches II

Dendrobium orchid Dendrobium spp. Shi Hu Dendrobii I or II

Gastrodia orchid Gastrodia elata Tian Ma Gastrodiae II

Ginseng (root), Panax quinquefolius Shi Yang Shen Radix Panax II American Quinquefolis Ginseng (root), Panax ginseng Ren Shen Radix Panax Ginseng II or NC* Asian or Russian Spikenard / musk root Nardostachys Gan Song Xiang Nardostac-Hyos II grandiflora Rhizoma

* Not Controlled: some species or distributions of this group are not protected under CITES

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Traditional Asian Medicines

Packaged / patented medicines

The following are some examples of packaged medicines that contain CITES listed species. For a comprehensive list of medicines and images of packaging (185 x plasters, 289 x capsules/pills, 67 x medicine balls, 9 x resins, 47 x powders, 47 x liquids, 80 x other products), refer to the Traditional Asian Medicine Identification Guide for Law Enforcers, Version II.

Plasters Capsules/pills Medicine Balls

May contain: CITES listing May contain: CITES listing May contain: CITES listing

- Bear gall/bile I or II - Alligator/crocodile penis I or II - Bear gall/bile I or II - Civet II or III - Bear gall/bile or penis I or II - Deer musk I or II - Deer musk I or II - Cobra, Asiatic II - Leopard bone I - Leopard bone I - Deer musk I or II - Rhinoceros horn or penis I - Pangolin scales II - Leopard bone I - Tiger bone or penis I - Rhinoceros horn I - Monkey bezoar I or II - Saiga Antelope horn II - Seahorse II - Pangolin scales II - Seahorse II - Tiger bone I - Rhinoceros horn I - Turtle / Tortoise shell I, II or NC - Tiger bone or penis I - Agarwood / Aquilaria II - Aucklandia / S. costus I - Saiga Antelope horn II - Aucklandia / S. costus I - Gastrodia orchid II - Seahorse II - Cibotium tree fern II - Turtle / Tortoise shell I, II or NC - Cistanche stem II - Wild Ass I or II - Dendrobium orchid I or II - Aloe II - Gastrodia orchid II - Agarwood / Aquilaria II - Aucklandia / S. costus I - Bletilia orchid II - Cibotium tree fern II - Cistanche stem II - Cyclamen II - Dendrobium orchid I or II - Gastrodia orchid II - Ginseng II or NC

NC = Not Controlled: some species or distributions of this group are not protected under CITES

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Traditional Asian Medicines

Packaged / patented medicines continued...

Resin blocks Liquids Other

May contain: CITES listing (includes ointments and dried plant products) May contain: CITES listing

- Monkey bone I or II May contain: CITES listing - Bear gall/bile I or II - Tiger bone I - Cobra, Asiatic II - Bear gall/bile I or II - Wild Ass I or II - Deer musk I or II - Cobra, Asiatic II - Pangolin scales II - Cibotium tree fern II - Crocodile I or II - Saiga Antelope horn II - Deer musk I or II - Seahorse II - Elephant extract I - Sperm whale extract I - Tiger bone I - Tiger bone I - Seahorse II Powders - Turtle / Tortoise I, II or NC - Agarwood / Aquilaria II May contain: CITES listing - Aucklandia / S. costus I - Aucklandia / S. costus I - Bletilia orchid II - Bletilia orchid II - Deer musk I or II - Cibotium tree fern II - Cibotium tree fern II - Bear gall/bile I or II - Cistanche stem II - Dendrobium orchid I or II - Gastrodia orchid II - Gastrodia orchid II - Gastrodia orchid II - Rhinoceros horn I - Ginseng root II or NC - Saiga Antelope horn II

- Elephant Ivory I

- Monkey bezoar/gallstone I or II - Turtle / Tortoise shell I, II or NC

- Aucklandia / S. costus I

NC = Not Controlled: some species or distributions of this group are not protected under CITES

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Traditional Asian Medicines

Raw ingredients

The following are some examples of commonly traded raw ingredients used in Traditional Asian Medicines that are sourced from contain CITES listed species. For a more comprehensive list and images of raw ingredients, refer to the Traditional Asian Medicine Identification Guide for Law Enforcers, Version II.

Animals Plants

Bear gall bladders Turtle shell pieces

Gastrodia elata – orchid root Aquilaria spp. – Agarwood wood chips or blocks App II App II

Deer musk glands Pangolin scales

Picrorhiza kurrooa – root Spikenard / musk root Dendrobium spp. – orchid root App II App II App II Tiger bones Rhinoceros horn

Saussurea costus – Aucklandia lappa root Panax quinquefolius – American ginseng root Saiga antelope horn Seahorses (dried) App II App II

NC = Not Controlled: some species or distributions of this group are not protected under CITES

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Vini ultramarina and Vini peruviana - Blue Lorikeet species

Ultramarine Lorikeet Blue Lorikeet (Vini ultramarina ) (Vini peruviana)

Other Names: Marquesas Lory; Goupil's Lory; Te Other Names: Blue Nun Lorikeet; Tahitian Lory; Pihiti Tahiti Lorikeet; Indigo Lory; Nunbird; Kurämo

Distribution: Marquesas Islands, French Distribution: Society Islands and western Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, and

Aitutaki, Cook Islands Physical Characteristics: - Small lorikeets about 18cm long International Legislation & Status: Physical Characteristics: - Distinctive turquoise-blue feathers - Small lorikeets about 14cm long CITES Appendix II - Mottled white/blue chest and belly - Distinctive dark blue feathers with white chest - Orange beak and orange legs - Orange beak and orange legs IUCN Red List – Vulnerable Photo credit: Peter Oderken International Legislation & Status: National Legislation: Cook Islands CITES Appendix I - Draft Environment (Aitutaki)

IUCN Red List – Endangered Regulation and Draft Environment (Biodiversity and Conservation) Regulation Distinguishing Features:

Body turquoise-blue with darker Distinguishing Features: blue feathers on the head Head, back, wings, belly and tail Adult dark blue Adult

Chest dark blue with white-tipped Lower half of the face and chest feathers (adult) white (adult)

Belly white, mottled with blue

Juvenile:

Back of the neck, the chest, wing tips and tail grey Juvenile: Juvenile Body two-tone turquoise blue Body has no white markings with no white markings Beak brown to black, legs Beak brown to black, legs Juvenile orange-brown orange-brown

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Chalcopsitta cardinalis - Cardinal Lory

Cardinal Lory International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: none CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands IUCN Red List – Least Concern

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Large with long-tail Solomon Islands - Entirely red body lacking blue or black markings found in similar species - Wildlife Protection and Management Act 1998 - Length 31 cm Papua New Guinea - International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Violet-necked Lory (Eos squamata) Eye orange-red with bare, black coloured eye-ring CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Least Concern Beak orange-yellow with Distribution: Eastern Indonesia and western Papua black at the base of the New Guinea islands upper bill • Eye yellow to orange-red, eye-ring grey-black Head bright red, back • Neck collar a variable purple, starting from the wings and tail a darker, head, and covering the breast and belly duller red • Upper side of the wings dull purple, tips of wings black

Tips of breast feathers and under side of the wings buff-yellow Red Lory (Eos bornea)

CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Least Concern Distribution: Endemic to eastern Indonesia

• Eye red, eye-ring blue (adult) or brown (juvenile) • Neck, head and body red with blue on wings and under the tail • Tips of wings black

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Phigys solitarius - Collared Lory

Collared Lory International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Solitary Lory; Ruffed Lory; Fiji Lory; Collared Lorikeet CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Islands of Fiji IUCN Red List – Least Concern

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Small red and green lorikeet with a rather short tail Fiji - Purple-black cap of feathers on the head - Endangered and Protected Species Act 2002 - Elongated green feathers at the back of the head extending onto the hind neck - Length 20cm.

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Forehead and top of head dark Purple-bellied Lory purple-blue (Lorius hypoinochrous)

CITES Appendix II Elongated feathers of the back of IUCN Red List – Least Concern the neck yellowish-green, Distribution: East New Guinea and Bismarck becoming red along the lower Archipelago edge • Cap black

Cheeks, throat and chest red • Nostrils white • Tail tip and undersides dark purple, in Wings and back green, becoming addition to the thighs and lower abdomen • Neck red Photo credit: Peter Oderken yellowish-green on the rump

Thighs and lower abdomen deep Rimatara (Kuhl’s) Lorikeet purple (Vini kuhlii)

CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Endangered Rimatara (Tahiti), Cook Islands, Kiribati and Christmas Island groups

• Top of the head green with elongated blue feathers at the back of the neck • Back and wings green with lower back, rump and upper tail bright yellowish-green • Tail red Photo credit: Phil Bender

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org April 2010 Enforcement Group Charmosyna margarethae - Duchess Lorikeet

Duchess Lorikeet International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Margaret’s Lorikeet; Princess Margaret’s Lorikeet CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Solomon Islands and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea IUCN Red List – Near Threatened

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Red body, yellow breast band, olive-green upper wings and rump Solomon Islands - Red tail with a yellow tip - Wildlife Protection and Management Act 1998 - Length 20cm Papua New Guinea - International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Patch of the rear of the Yellow-bibbed Lory head purple-black (dusky- (Lorius chlorocerus) black in the juvenile) CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Least Concern Distribution: Irian Jaya (Indonesia) and Breast-band broad yellow Papua New Guinea continuing to a narrow collar around the back of • Larger lorikeet at 28cm the neck • Cap and neck patch black • Breast band yellow with no black border, Breast band bordered and not continuous around the back of above and below with a the neck purple-black line • Short tail • Blue thighs

Image credit: AC Black, publishers, Helms Guide to “Birds of the Solomons, Vanuatu and New Rump and upper tail olive-green (female has Caledonia”. yellow patches on the sides of the rump)

Tail long, red in colour and tipped with yellow

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Charmosyna palmarum - Palm Lorikeet

Palm Lorikeet International Legislation & Status: Other Names: Vanuatu Lorikeet CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Vanuatu, Duff and Santa Cruz Islands (Solomon Islands) IUCN Red List – Vulnerable

Physical Characteristics: - Small, bright green lorikeet with long, yellow tipped tail and red chin National Legislation: - Length 17cm Vanuatu - International Trade (Fauna and Flora) [Cap 210]

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Small red patch on the chin and base of the beak Red-chinned Lorikeet (Charmosyna rubrigularis) Eye yellow CITES Appendix II Beak orange IUCN Red List – Least Concern Distribution: Papua New Guinea Tail green, broadly tipped with yellow • Longer red chin patch • Eye orange, beak orange-red Plain under the wings • Red at base of tail (underside)

No red on the tail • Defined yellow underwing band

Meek’s Lorikeet (Charmosyna meekii)

CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Near Threatened Distribution: Solomon Islands

• No red marking on the face • Cap dull greyish-blue • Brown markings on shoulders

Photo credit: Auckland Museum

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Charmosyna amabilis - Red-throated Lorikeet

Red-throated Lorikeet International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Also identified as Charmosyna aureicincta CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Endemic to Fiji. Rare (last seen in the wild in 2001) IUCN Red List – Near Threatened

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Green lorikeet with a red throat bordered with yellow and red thighs Fiji - Long tail tipped with yellow - Endangered and Protected Species Act 2002 - Length 17cm

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Red-chinned Lorikeet (Charmosyna rubrigularis)

CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Least Concern Chin, throat and cheeks Distribution: Endemic to Papua red around to the eyes New Guinea

Lower edge of the red • No red throat or yellow band

throat marking bordered with a thin yellow band

Thighs dark red • Tail feathers red at the base (not sides)

• Underwing band defined

yellow colour

• Tail fused with yellow, but Sides of the tail base red without any pattern

Tail green, tipped with

patterned yellow markings

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Vini kuhlii - Rimatara Lorikeet

Rimatara Lorikeet International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Kura; Kuhl’s Lorikeet CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Rimatara, Society Islands, Tahiti and small islands in the Cook IUCN Red List – Endangered Islands, Kiribati and Christmas Island groups National Legislation: Physical Characteristics: Cook Islands - Medium-small, brightly coloured and patterned lorikeet - Environment (Atiu and Takutea) Regulation 2008 - Stout appearance due to short, rounded tail - Draft Environment (Biodiversity and Conservation) Regulation - Length 19cm Tahiti, French Polynesia

- Order (December 21, 2000) of the French Ministère de Photo credit: Phil Bender l'aménagement du territoire et de l'environnement

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Blue-violet feathers at the Stephen’s Lorikeet back of the neck (Vini stepheni)

Bright green cap CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Vulnerable Pale yellow-green back Distribution: Pitcairn Islands

with brighter green wings • Cap and back of the neck green • Green strip separating the red marking of the face/breast and underbelly Scarlet red face, breast • Blue thighs and belly

Yellow at the back of the thighs Collared Lory (Phigys solitarius)

Tail short and red, black CITES Appendix II and green in colour IUCN Red List – Least Concern Photo credit: Phil Bender Distribution: Fiji and outer islands

• Dark blue cap • Green at the back of the neck • Red collar continuous with red face, breast and belly • Dark blue thighs

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Eclectus roratus - Eclectus Parrot

Eclectus Parrot International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Kalanga, Grand Eclectus Parrot, King Parrot; Red-sided Eclectus CITES Appendix II Parrot IUCN Red List – Least Concern Distribution: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Palau, Solomon Islands

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Large stocky parrot with short tail and long, round tipped wings Solomon Islands - Hair-like feathers produce sleek, glossy appearance - Wildlife Protection and Management Act 1998 - Colouration varies slightly in subspecies Papua New Guinea - Length 32-35cm - International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979

Distinguishing Features: (males and females differ in colouration)

Female: Male: E.r. solomensis subspecies: Eye-ring blue Beak orange (not present in the E.r. solomensis subspecies) Body primarily green

Beak large and black with notch in upper bill

Body primarily red Flanks and underwings red

Shoulder band broad and deep Outer primary wing feathers blue in colour light blue, becoming deeper blue towards tips Underwing to lower breast and abdomen deep blue or mauve Legs grey

Tail feathers red, tipped with Under-tail blackish-blue orange with yellowish tip

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Eunymphicus cornutus - Horned Parakeet

Horned Parakeet International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Crested Parakeet, Ouvéa Parakeet (subspecies) CITES Appendix I

Distribution: New Caledonia IUCN Red List – Endangered

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Mid-sized green parrot with elongated feathers on crown forming crest New Caledonia - Length 32cm - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord - Order (December 21, 2000) of the French Ministère de l'aménagement du territoire et de l'environnement

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species: Eunymphicus conutus:

Adult • Crown red Kakariki • Crest feathers black with red tips (Cyanoramphus species) Forehead red • Ear patches and hind neck CITES Appendix I & II IUCN Red List – Varies Crest of two elongated feathers yellow Distribution: New Zealand extending from the crown Eunymphicus conutus

Facial mask around beak and E.c. uvaeensis subspecies • Smaller parakeet, up to 27cm eyes black (Ouvéa Parakeet): • No black mask on face • No crest Body green • Crown black, red only on • Beak silvery grey, tipped dark grey forehead Rump, greenish-yellow • Red patch on each side of rump • Crest feathers forward curling, • Green tail Tail green, suffused with blue lacking red tips • Face dark green to black Eunymphicus conutus uvaeensis E.c. uvaeensis • Ear patches and hind neck green Photo credit: Phil Gregory Sicklebill Safaris Photo credit: Ludovic Verfaille Juvenile

Crest may be absent or developing

Mask green, developing black colour

Beak orange Photo credit: Department of Conservation, NZ

Photo credit: Ludovic Verfaille

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Nestor meridionalis - Kaka

Kaka International Legislation & Status: Other Names: None CITES Appendix II

Distribution: New Zealand IUCN Red List – Endangered

Physical Characteristics: - Large brown parrot National Legislation: - Medium length tail New Zealand - Large hooked beak - Trade in Endangered Species Act 1989 - Length 45cm, weight up to 500g

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Kea Crown paler olive-brown to silver (Nestor notabilis) grey and white CITES Appendix II

IUCN Red List – Vulnerable Eye ring grey (adult) and ear patch Distribution: South Island, New Zealand behind the eyes yellow • Body olive-green to dark green, no Juvenile has yellow eye ring silver crown

• Under-wing patches bright orange-red Beak large, strong and curved, • Beak dark grey silver-grey in colour

Body dark brown, underparts, underwing and rump red to crimson

Crown Copyright: Department of ConservationTe Papa Atawhai, Photographer: Tom Marshall

Photo credit: Suzi Phillips © Photo credit: Suzi Phillips ©

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Strigops habrotilus - Kakapo

Kakapo International Legislation & Status: Other Names: None CITES Appendix I

Distribution: New Zealand offshore islands IUCN Red List – Critically Endangered

Physical Characteristics: - Large, plump moss-green flightless parrot National Legislation: - Length 63cm, weight 2-3kg New Zealand - Trade in Endangered Species Act 1989

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Kaka (Nestor meridionalis) CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Endangered

Distribution: New Zealand Ear patch brown • Smaller size (weight up to 500g) Owl-like facial disc • Body olive-brown • Ear patch yellow Beak short and wide, light grey- • Beak long and hooked brown in colour

Crown Copyright: Department of ConservationTe Papa Atawhai, 2009, Photographer: Sam O’Leary Kea

(Nestor notabilis) Photo credit: Suzi Phillips ©

CITES Appendix II

IUCN Red List – Vulnerable

Distribution: South Island,

New Zealand Body covered in soft, barred moss-green to yellow-green feathers • Smaller size (weight up to 500g) • Body olive-green to dark green, feathers not barred • Under-wing patches bright orange-red • Beak long and hooked, Crown Copyright: Department of ConservationTe Papa Atawhai, dark grey in colour Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation 2008, Photographer: Tama Pugsley Te Papa Atawhai, Photographer: Andrew Walmsey

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Cyanoramphus species - Kakariki

Kakariki International Legislation & Status:

CITES Appendix I & II Other Names: Green Parakeets IUCN Red List – varies Distribution: Species mostly found in New Zealand and its offshore islands, along with species in Norfolk Island and New Caledonia National Legislation: New Zealand Physical Characteristics: - Trade in Endangered Species Act 1989 - Small to medium sized parakeets with long tails and predominantly green body Australia - Red spot present on either side of the lower body below the wings (with the - Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 exception of C. unicolor) New Caledonia - Length 20-31 cm - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud Chatham Parakeet (C. forbesi) - Red and yellow colour variants have also been produced through captive breeding. Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord Te Papa Atawhai, 1981, Photographer: Dave Crouchley

Distinguishing Features: Species:

Red-fronted Parakeet Chatham Parakeet Antipodes Green Parakeet: (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) (Cyanoramphus forbesi) CITES Appendix I CITES Appendix I • No prominent markings aside from IUCN Red List - Vulnerable IUCN Red List - Endangered some blue on the wing edges (as Distribution: New Zealand mainland Distribution: Chatham Islands, NZ

with other Cyanoramphus species) and offshore islands Antipodes Green Parakeet

Yellow-fronted Parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor)

(Cyanoramphus auriceps) CITES Appendix II

CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List - Vulnerable

IUCN Red List - Near Threatened Distribution: Antipodes Islands, NZ Antipodes Green Parakeet (C. unicolor) Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Distribution: New Zealand mainland

Te Papa Atawhai, 2005, Photographer: Tui de Roy and some offshore islands Norfolk Island Parakeet All other Cyanoramphus species: (Cyanoramphus cookii) Orange-fronted Parakeet CITES Appendix I • Red, orange or yellow markings (Cyanoramphus malherbi) IUCN Red List - Endangered above the beak, in some species CITES Appendix II Distribution: Norfolk Island, Australia extending across the eyes IUCN Red List - Critically Endangered • Wing edges blue Distribution: South Island, New New Caledonian Parakeet • Red/orange spot on either side of Zealand (Cyanoramphus saisseti) the lower body below the wings CITES Appendix I IUCN Red List - Vulnerable Distribution: New Caledonia

Yellow and Orange-fronted Parakeets Kermadec Red-fronted Parakeet (C.auriceps and C. malherbi) (C.novaezelandiae cyanurusi) Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai, 1983, Photographer: Paul Jansen Te Papa Atawhai, 1994, Photographer: Dick Veitch

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org April 2010 Enforcement Group Nestor notabilis - Kea

Kea International Legislation & Status: Other Names: None CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Alpine areas, South Island, New Zealand IUCN Red List – Endangered

Physical Characteristics: - Large green parrot with medium length tail and large hooked beak National Legislation: - Length 45cm, weight up to 500g New Zealand - Trade in Endangered Species Act 1989

Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai, Photographer: Andrew Walmsley

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Beak long and hooked, dark grey Kaka in colour (Nestor meridionalis) CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Endangered Distribution: New Zealand Body olive-green to dark green with dark edged feathers • Body dark brown to crimson-brown • Crown silver Wing tips iridescent green • Ear patch yellow • Upper beak light grey

Photo credit: Briony Senior

Photo credit: Suzi Phillips © Kakapo (Strigops habrotilus) CITES Appendix I Bright orange-red patches under IUCN Red List – Critically Endangered the wings Distribution: New Zealand

Juvenile paler around the eyes, • Larger in size (weight up to 2-3kg) crown of the head and lower bill • Body barred moss-green to yellow- green • Owl-like facial disc • Beak smaller and light grey-brown

Photo credit: Suzi Phillips © Photo credit: Suzi Phillips ©

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Prosopeia personata - Masked Shining Parrot

Masked Shining Parrot International Legislation & Status: Other Names: Yellow-breasted Musk Parrot CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Vitu Levu, Fiji IUCN Red List – Vulnerable

Physical Characteristics: - Large slim parrot with green body, yellow and orange chest, blue on the wings National Legislation: - Black mask from the beak across the eyes Fiji - Rounded tail and short, rounded wings - Endangered and Protected Species Act 2002 - Length 47cm.

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Eye red Horned Parakeet (Eunymphycus cornutus) Face mask black, extending from CITES Appendix I below the beak to the forehead IUCN Red List – Endangered Eunymphicus and across the eyes Distribution: New Caledonia conutus

Body green • Elongated crest feathers on the top of the head Centre of breast yellow, becoming • Ear patch and hind-neck yellow orange at the abdomen (with the exception of the E.c.

E.c. uvaeensis subspecies) uvaeensis • Crown red

• Chest and abdomen green

Legs dark grey

Outer wing feathers blue

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Prosopeia species - Red and Crimson Shining Parrots

Shining Parrots International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Red-breasted Musk Parakeet, Marron Musk Parakeet, Marron CITES Appendix II Parakeet, Tabuan Parakeet IUCN Red List – Varies Distribution: Viti Levu, Kadavu and Ono, Fiji (P splendens); Viti Levu, Fiji (P. tabuensis) National Legislation:

Physical Characteristics: Fiji - Dark maroon, scarlet or crimson-red parrot with green wings, blue wing tips and tail - Endangered and Protected Species Act 2002 and blue collar - Length 45cm Photo credit: Phil Gregory Sicklebill Safaris

Distinguishing Features: Species: Similar Species:

Crimson Shining Parrot Australian King Parrot Head, neck and breast red (Prosopeia splendens) (Alisterus scapularis)

CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II Beak large, black in colour IUCN Red List – Vulnerable IUCN Red List – Least Concern Distribution: Fiji Distribution: Australia Collar above the wings dark blue, varying in size • Head and underparts bright • Beak orange red • Lower back and rump blue (male) Wings green with blue • Wide blue collar • Females lack red on face, neck and feathers at the tips and breast edges • Tail broad and dark in colour

Legs dark grey Red Shining Parrot

(Prosopeia tabuensis) Male Lower back and rump green CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Least Concern

Tail long and rounded, Distribution: Fiji green in colour and tipped • Head dark brownish-red, with blue, darker under-tail darker on the forehead, face and chin • Collar narrower than in P. slendens, or absent Female altogether

Photo credits: Phil Gregory Sicklebill Safaris

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Geoffroyus heteroclitus - Singing Parrot

Singing Parrot International Legislation & Status: Other Names: Song Parrot CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Solomon Islands IUCN Red List – Least Concern

Physical Characteristics: - Mid-sized stocky green parrot with short, squarish tail and pointed wings National Legislation: - Length 25cm Solomon Islands - Wildlife Protection and Management Act 1998

Distinguishing Features: Subspecies:

Female: Rennell Singing Parrot (Geoffroyus heteroclitus hyacinthinus) Head olive-grey Beak grey CITES Appendix II Female IUCN Red List – Endangered Male: Distribution: Rennell Island, Solomon Islands

Head yellow • Adult male with pale blue collar extending Beak yellow down to the lower breast, sometimes to Collar grey-mauve, the flanks and abdomen encircling the neck (female and juvenile have no collar)

Both sexes:

Eye yellow Similar Species:

Eye ring blue Blue-collared Parrot Body green Male (Geoffroyus simplex)

Tail green, pale yellow CITES Appendix II underneath, short and IUCN Red List – Least Concern squarish in shape Distribution: Papua New Guinea

• Green head and black beak in both male and female • Black beak • Slightly smaller size (22cm)

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Cacatua ducorpsii - Ducorp’s Cockatoo

Ducorp’s Cockatoo International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Solomon Islands Corella or Cockatoo; Solomons Corella or CITES Appendix II Cockatoo; Ducorp's Cockatoo; White Cockatoo IUCN Red List – Least Concern Distribution: Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea (Bougainville and Buka Islands) National Legislation: Solomon Islands Physical Characteristics: - Wildlife Protection and Management Act 1998 - White parrot with short tail, blue eye ring and white crest - Length 31-35cm, weight up to 220g - The only white parrot found in the Solomon Islands

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Goffin’s Corella (Tanimbar Cockatoo) Crest long and triangular (Cacatua goffini) shaped, white colour CITES Appendix I Base of the crest fused IUCN Red List – Near Threatened with salmon pink Distribution: Endemic to Tanimbar Island, Indonesia

• Crest shorter Body primarily white • Feathers above the beak salmon-pink • Eye-ring whitish-blue • Wings and tail lack yellow markings Eye-ring bare and blue in colour

Underside of wings and Red-Vented Corella (Philippine Cockatoo) tail pale yellow (Cactua haemateropygia)

CITES Appendix II IUCN Red List – Critically Endangered Distribution: Philippines

• Crest short with yellow to pink colouring in the base feathers • Eye-ring circled with white, bare skin • Under side of tail pale yellow leading to bright red closer to the body

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Falco novaeselandiae - New Zealand Falcon

New Zealand Falcon International Legislation & Status:

Other Names: Karearea CITES Appendix II

Distribution: New Zealand IUCN Red List – Near Threatened

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Small bird of prey with pointed wings, fanned tail and short, hooked bill New Zealand - Length to 47cm - Wildlife Act 1953

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Australasian Harrier Hawk (Circus approximans) One species with three forms (Bush, Southern

and Eastern), that differ in size and colour CITES Appendix II

IUCN Red List – Near Threatened Head, face and vertical patch from eyes to lower NZ: Partial Protection cheeks dark brown

Eye dark brown • Larger than the NZ Falcon at 55- 60cm Underparts dark brown, narrowly barred white • Head and upperparts dark brown, face paler • Eye yellow

Base of beak and chin white with throat and neck • Underparts reddish brown, buff, streaked with dark brown streaked dark brown with rounded

brown to barred dark brown tail Back of neck, back, wings and tail bluish-black, barred with buff colour • Adults become paler with age to Thigh and undertail orange-red silver grey. Juveniles very dark brown with a white patch at the back of the head

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Brachylophus fasciatus - South Pacific Banded Iguana

International Legislation & Status: South Pacific Banded Iguana CITES Appendix I Other Names: Fiji Banded iguana, Iguane À Bandes De Fidji, Vokai (iguana). IUCN Red List – Endangered Distribution: Native to Fiji, introduced to Tonga (~ 300 years ago) and Vanuatu. National Legislation: Physical Characteristics: Fiji - Green lizard with two or three bluish-white pale bands (male) or spotting and - Endangered Species Protection Act 2002 and partial bands (female), with yellow undersides Vanuatu - Total length up to 600mm, weight up to 200g - International Trade (Fauna and Flora) [Cap210]

Distinguishing Features: Similar Species:

Fiji Crested Iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis) 2-3 bands on body (male), broad and bluish- CITES Appendix I white in colour IUCN Red List – Critically Endangered Distribution: Fiji Crest very short, up to 5mm • Three bands coloured cream to white, often bordered with black scales Nostril scale yellow • Taller crest, up to 15mm • Larger in size (760mm, 300g) Chin and throat white

Skin sensitive to light and can change colour to match background or turn black when threatened

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Brachylophus vitiensis - Fiji Crested Iguana

Fiji Crested Iguana International Legislation & Status:

CITES Appendix I Other Names: Fiji Banded iguana, Iguane à Crête des Fidji, Vokai (iguana) IUCN Red List – Critically Endangered Distribution: Native to Fiji, most commonly found on Yadua Tabu Island

Physical Characteristics: National Legislation: - Large stocky lizard with three narrow cream to white bands on the body, often Fiji bordered with a thin line of black scales - Endangered Species Protection Act 2002 - Tall, spiny crest along the back of the neck to the base of the tail - Length up to 760mm, weight up to 300g

Prominent spiny crest up South Pacific Banded Iguana to 15mm in height (Brachylophus fasciatus)

Green body marked with CITES Appendix I three white bands, often IUCN Red List – Endangered bordered with a thin line Distribution: Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu of black scales • Bands coloured bluish-white with no black

border Eyes reddish-orange or pinkish-gold • Shorter crest, up to 5mm • Smaller in size (600mm, 200g)

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Rhacodactylus chahoua - Bavay’s Giant Gecko

Bavay’s Giant Gecko National Legislation: Other Names: Mossy New Caledonian Gecko; Chahoua New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud Distribution: New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord Physical Characteristics: - Blotchy moss or lichen-like patterning, colours vary from mottled rusty reds and browns to green or grey - Length 150mm (snout to anus), total length about 250mm

Distinguishing Features:

Eye large and reticulated (patterned)

Snout short

Tongue pink

Tail prehensile (grasping)

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Rhacodactylus auriculatus - New Caledonian Bumpy Gecko

N.C. Bumpy Gecko National Legislation: Other Names: Gargoyle Gecko New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud Distribution: Grande Terre, New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord Physical Characteristics: - Individuals occur in varying shades of gr ey, brown, white and orange with spotted or striped patterning - Length 115mm to 125mm (snout to anus), total length about 200mm - Weight 40-50g

Distinguishing Features:

Cranial bumps that give the appearance of horns or ears

Tail thin and prehensile (grasping)

Small folds of skin (mite pockets) found on the rear legs

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Rhacodactylus leachinus leachinus - New Caledonian Giant Gecko

N.C. Giant Gecko National Legislation: Other Names: Giant Gecko; Grande Terre Giant Gecko New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud Distribution: Southern region, Grande Terre and Isle de Pins, New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord Physical Characteristics: - Large, heavy bodied gecko (largest gecko in the world) - Varied shades of brown and grey with mottled patterns - Short, stumpy tail - Length 330mm (snout to anus), total length about 430mm

Distinguishing Features: Subspecies:

Henkel’s Giant Gecko (R. leachinus henkeli)

• Smaller sub-sub-species of • Body colour lighter with

R. leachianus, 190mm many yellow or white Snout flattened snout to anus markings along the back

Heavy body with skin that appears loose

Often developing yellow spotting that increases with age from five years on

Tail small and stumpy (typical of R. leachinus species)

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Rhacodactylus ciliatus - Guichenot’s Giant Gecko

Guichenot’s Giant Gecko National Legislation: Other Names: New Caledonian Crested Gecko; Crested Gecko; Eyelash Gecko New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud Distribution: Southern region, New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord Physical Characteristics: - Many natural shades from grey and brown to red, orange and yellow - Variable markings in spots and stripes - Length 100-130mm (snout to anus), total length about 270mm

Distinguishing Features:

Head wedge-shaped with long snout

Defined crests from each eye continue along the ridge of the back to the tail

Hair-like projections above the eyes resemble eyelashes

Individuals vary in head size and crest coverage

[These photos show individuals that have lost their tails which are in the process of re-growing]

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - Rough-snouted Giant Geckos

Rough-snouted Giant Geckos National Legislation: Other Names: Tough-snouted Giant Geckos New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud Distribution: Grande Terre and islands near Isle de Pins, New Caledonia - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord Physical Characteristics: - Mottled colour pattern, generally greyish-green to brown mixed with white - Males tend to be dark brown to greyish brown with large contrasting white spots - Females yellowish brown with smaller, less contrasting yellowish spots - The Lesser Rough-snouted sub-species has a more greenish colouring

Distinguishing Features:

Subspecies: Subspecies: Rough-snouted Giant Gecko Lesser Rough-snouted Giant Gecko (R. trachyrhynchus trachyrhynchus) (R. trachyrhynchus trachycephalus) 190mm snout to anus 140mm snout to anus

Enlarged scales cover the snout

Tail prehensile (grasping)

Toes broad

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Rhacodactylus sarasinorum - Roux’s Giant Gecko

Roux’s Giant Gecko National Legislation: Other Names: Slender Prehensile Tailed Gecko; Sarasin’s Giant Gecko; Suras New Caledonia Gecko - Code de l’environnement de la province Sud - Code de l’environnement de la province Nord Distribution: Southern region, Grande Terre, New Caledonia

Physical Characteristics: - Slender, pale, brown to grey gecko with dark brown finely speckled colouring and paler underparts - Length 130mm (snout to anus), total length about 270mm

Distinguishing Features:

Tail slender and prehensile (grasping)

Eye stripe dark brown, varying in intensity between individuals

Eyes large and dark with a paler eyelid

Lacks fleshy folds or webbing between the toes

Some individuals have white spots or blotches on the tail

Some individuals have white spots or a ‘V’ Photo credit: Tony Whitaker © Photo credit: Tony Whitaker © pattern on the back of the head and neck

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org February 2010 Enforcement Group Hoplodactylus species - New Zealand Brown Geckos

New Zealand Brown Geckos International Legislation & Status:

Distribution: New Zealand CITES Appendix III

Physical Characteristics: IUCN Red List – varies - Scales are granular and velvety-looking, not smooth or shiny - Colour usually dull browns and greys, sometimes with greenish or pinkish tinge National Legislation: - Usually blotched or striped in lighter and darker shades of the basic colour. May be blotched with yellow, orange or New Zealand brick-red patches; very rarely these predominate - Wildlife Act 1953 - Species vary considerably in size – largest is the Duvaucel’s gecko (up to 300 mm/150 g); smallest is the “pygmy” 11 gecko (less than 90 mm/2 g). Takitimu Gecko Species: Forest Gecko (H. granulatus), Stephen’s Island Gecko (H. stephensi), Duvaucel’s Gecko (H. duvaucelii), Common Gecko (H. maculatus), Harlequin Gecko (H. rakiurae), Gold-striped Gecko (H. chrysosireticus), Takitimu Gecko (H. Similar species: cryptozoicus ), Black-eyed Gecko (H. kahutarae), Cloudy Gecko (H. nebulosus), Pacific Gecko (H. pacificus), as well as about 22 known but undescribed species. There are many small, brown geckos found in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide.

Distinguishing Features: Individual green geckos may also tend towards a brown colour. Individual geckos in the New (See the following sheet for distinguishing features of some of the more distinctive and/or commonly collected species) Zealand Hoplodactylus group can vary

considerably in colour and patterning (see images

Head broad and flattened with large, lid- left). It can be extremely difficult, therefore, to tell less eyes some of these species apart.

If a brown gecko is identified in trade and cannot Pupil vertical slit in bright light (not rounded) 5 6 be easily identified, it is advised that a local reptile Forest Gecko Forest Gecko expert is contacted.

Foot pads allow reliable distinction from 1 If there is an indication that the gecko may be green geckos and overseas relatives – they have expanded pads with a gap Forest Gecko sourced from New Zealand, the following experts between the pad and the claw, and can be contacted: 2 without enlarged pads around the claw. Tony Whitaker No central split in pads. 7 8 [email protected] 3 (Note enlarged pads around claw in Common Geckos Marlborough Mini Gecko +64-3-5268703 New Caledonia giant gecko species) Rod Hitchmough

No spines or enlarged scales on body 4 [email protected] No pad under tail +64-4-4713249 or +64-27-2105298 Duvaucel’s Gecko Tails not prehensile Many Tocher Photos this page: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. 9 10 Photographers: 1) Bruce Thomas, 2) Gregory Sherley, 10) & 11) Tony Whitaker © [email protected] 5) PR Clerke, 6) unk 7) unk 8) GR Parrish 1983, 9) unk 10) Rod Morris 1984, 11) Rod Morris 2005 Pacific Gecko Southern Forest Gecko +64-3-4746949 or +64-27-2489363

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Hoplodactylus species - New Zealand Brown Geckos

New Zealand Brown Geckos

Common Gecko Forest Gecko Duvaucel’s Gecko Harlequin Gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus) (Hoplodactylus granulatus) (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) (Hoplodactylus rakiurae)

CITES Appendix lll CITES Appendix lll CITES Appendix lll CITES Appendix lll IUCN Red List - Least Concern IUCN Red List - Least Concern IUCN Red List - Lower Risk IUCN Red List - Lower Risk

• Distinctive brightly patterned gecko • Upper surface light to dark grey, with upper surfaces brown, olive or brown or deep olive-green with bright green in complex herringbone variable markings of bands, pattern that usually includes a network chevrons, botches or stripes 1 of fine, grey or white lines • Eye brown-greenish or yellow- • Often with orange brown or red brown shadings of top of head • Mouth and tongue pink with grey • Upper surfaces grey, brown, • Lower surfaces pale grey-brown with tip olive or greenish with markings brown or green speckles or mottling in a row of ‘w’ shaped patches 1 • Varying in size, length 5-82mm • Eye bright yellow along the back. Often markings (snout to anus) • Tongue dark grey to indigo blue, have white, yellow or cream inside of mouth dark grey or blue edging. Can have brown or • Upper surfaces grey, olive-grey or above to pink or grey below orange blotches on markings. dark-brown with bands, rows or • Sides of head and lips can blotches have prominent white markings • Lower surfaces uniform or lightly • Lower surfaces intensely speckled blotched with small pale-grey, • Individuals vary between being drab to dark edged markings having distinct patterning. • Eye grey, olive or brown • Eye yellow to brown 1 • Tongue pink with varying • Floor of mouth and tongue pink amounts of orange 1

2 2 3 2 2

Photos: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Photos: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Photos: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Photos: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. Photographers: 1) Rod Morris 1980s, Te Papa Atawhai. Photographers: 1) PR Clerke 1980s, Te Papa Atawhai. Photographers: 1) Don Merrton 1965, Te Papa Atawhai. Photographers: 1) Jo Haore 2008 2) Tui de Roy 2006 2) Astrid van Meeuwen-Dijkgraaf 2004, 3) JL Kendrick 1969 2) Chris Smuts-Kennedy 1972 2) Rod Morris 1980

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Naultinus species - New Zealand Green Geckos

New Zealand Green Geckos International Legislation & Status:

Distribution: New Zealand CITES Appendix III

Physical Characteristics: IUCN Red List – varies - Head, legs and body bright green with patterns of gold, yellow or white spots or stripes National Legislation: - Belly pale yellow, pink or white New Zealand - Mouth colour deep blue - Wildlife Act 1953 - Pupils a vertical slit 5 - Tail prehensile - Length 145mm - 200mm (snout to anus) West Coast Green Gecko (Naultinus tuberculatus)

Naultinus Species: Similar Species:

Day Geckos Rough Gecko West Coast Green Gecko (Phelsuma species) (Naultinus rudis) (Naultinus tuberculatus) NZ Status - Gradual Decline NZ Status - Sparse CITES Appendix II ICUN Red List - varies Jewelled Gecko Lewis Pass Green Gecko Distribution: Madagascar, Hawaii and other (Naultinus gemmeus) (Naultinus poecilochlorus) African Ocean islands 1 NZ Status - Gradual Decline • Varied in size (65-300mm) Auckland Green Gecko Northland Green Gecko • Body a distinctive glowing green or

(Naultinus elegans elegans) (Naultinus grayii) turquoise colour, with red spots or markings NZ Status - Gradual Decline NZ Status - Gradual Decline and a dusting of blue or gold

• Pupils rounded (not vertical) - with a few Wellington Green Gecko exceptions (Naultinus elegans punctatus) • Inner toe reduced NZ Status - Gradual Decline • Tail not prehensile

2 Nelson Green Gecko (Naultinus stellatus) NZ Status - Gradual Decline Vertical Rounded Marlborough Green Gecko (Naultinus manukanus)

NZ Status - Sparse Not reduced Reduced

3 4 NZ Gecko Day Gecko Photos: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. Photographers:1) unk, 2) Rod Morris 1984, 3) BW Thomas 1985, 4) unk, 5) Graeme Loh Naultinus spp. Phelsum spp.

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group Candoia bibroni - Pacific Tree Boa

Pacific Tree Boa International Legislation & Status:

CITES Appendix II Other Names: Bibroni’s Bevel-nosed Boa, Bibroni’s Keel-scaled Boa

Distribution: Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands; Fiji and parts of Western National Legislation: Polynesia Vanuatu Physical Characteristics: - International Trade (Fauna and Flora) [Cap 210] - Non-venomous tree dwelling boa constrictor Solomon Islands - Largest of the Candoia genus - Wildlife Protection and Management Act 1998 - Varied in colour pattern in pale brown, tan or reddish brown ground colour overlaid Fiji with stripes, blotches, spots, or not pattern at all - Endangered and Protected Species Act 2002 - Length up to 60-90cm (males), 120-150cm (females)

Distinguishing Features:

Large, flattened, triangular shaped head

Front of snout angled inwards (bevelled)

Scaled ridge (keel) along the back Photo credit: Mike McCoy © Occurs in a variety of colour Photo credit: Mike McCoy © patterns related to geographic distribution

Wildlife Check current legislation & status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org March 2010 Enforcement Group