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UNIVERSITY of WEST FLORIDA Introduction Edmund P. Gaines and Duncan Clinch The First Seminole War Jackson's invasion Since Thomas Jefferson's presidency, Americans were Jackson appointed General Edmund P. Gaines to observe Negro Fort In May After the Batlle ol Negro Fort. the Seminoles began to retaliate After the Scott Massacre ol 1817, Jackson and Secretary interested in acquiring East and West Florida. However. of 1816. Gaines carried out Jackson's order, and he went to Negro Fort on against many Americans on the southern frontier. By late of War John C. Calhoun discussed a new route to defeat the Jellerson administration and the Madison the Apalachicola River. GalmlS wtote baek U> Jaekso,; and claimed that 1816. the Seminoles killed an American women, scalped her the Seminoles. In December or 1817. Calhoun asked administration were unsuccessful in taking over Spain's Negro Fort was heavily armed. So, Gaines and Jackson decided to destroy child, and set their house on r.re. Due to Gaines fighting Jackson to join the war against the Seminoles. So, Florida territories. President James Monroe was the first Negro Fort. Jackson reared the British would use Negro Fort as a base in a alongside Jackson in the War ol 1812, Jackson trusted Jackson began preparations for his Florida invasion. He American President who authori zed a full.scale seizure of future war. Gaines appointed Duncan Clinch to lead a naval offensive General Gaines to fight the Seminoles. By early 1817, argued that East and West Florida would be in American Florida from Spain. Monroe sought Florida due to against the fugitive slaves. whom the British supplied with weapons. Jackson's role was to supply General Gaines while he fought possession after two months. Before Jackson left the Florida's numerous economic benefits. such as the the Seminoles. By February ol 1817, Gaines began to f,ghl the Hermitage in 1817. he recruited ma_ny Americans to join him in his Invasion. As Jackson departed Tennessee. he Mississippi River. the Apalachicola River. access to the Seminoles with his American forces.. The Seminoles also stopped in Alabama and Georgia and recruited more Gull ol Mexlco. Due to Jackson's triumphant victory over continued their aggressive conduct along the southern frontier. the British in the Ballle of New Orleans. Monroe For example. stealing cattle from American civilians in Spanish soldiers. When Jackson deemed his army sufficient enough to fight, he invaded Spanish Florida on March 10, appointed Jackson commander in chief of the southern Florida. Gaines saw the Seminole's hostility, and he asked 1818. By March 18, Jaci<son and his army reached the U.S. forces. Jackson had a successful military strategy by Jackson for military supplies. By the Autumn of 1817, the appointing Edmund P. Gaines to command the Batlle of ruins ol Negro Fort, which they rebuilt and renamed Fort Americans and Seminoles engaged In the Battle ol Fowltown. Negro Fort and Jackson invading Florida in January Gadsden. One of Jackson's first connicts in the First Before this battle, General Gaines attempted to negotiate 1818. Seminole War was the Battle of Mlccosukee Towns, near peace with the Seminole Chief. These negotiations failed. and the Seminole capital of Tallahassee. In this battle, the Batlle of Fow1town began on November 21 . 1817. This battle Americans killed fourteen Seminoles. In Mayol 1818, was an American victory. as the Americans killed around rour Jackson heard a false rumor that the Spanish supplied Seminoles. After this battle. the Seminoles retaliated for their thousands ol Seminoles in Pensacola, so Jackson losses. By late November or 1817, the Scott Massacre or 1817 marched west. Jackson's army invaded Pensacola and From July 17 to July 27, 1816, Clinch and his navy launched naval occurred. Gaines instructed Lieutenant Robert Scott lo search took the city without firing a shot. As the Americans were offensives against Negro Fort. With their Creek allies, the Indians led a lor supplies on the Apalachicola River. As the Americans advancing, the Spanish retreated to Fort Barrancas. The ground offensive and stormed Negro ForL They scalped many ol the searched for supplies, the Seminoles launched an offensive Americans advanced to Fort Barrancas with artillery and fugitive staves and pushed them back deeper into the fort. During the against the Americans. and they killed over thirty Americans. around nine-hundred men. As the Americans began firing ten day siege, the American's howitzers and artillery were Ineffective at the Spanish, they surrendered. Jackson's Invasion of against the fort, due to its derenses. Florida was complete. Selected Bibliography Deutsch. Oianoe Kal'ls.te,n........ "ArtdtM Jadtaon's llW8SiC1nS ol Spanish Fklrida . ""'"ter'• Unl~ ofMlairw. 1971. Negro Fort's ttowt. O&nielW...er. 'MMitHathGodWrwgllt: 11')e TnwtSlormationofAmenca. 1815- Destruction 1848, New YM. Oxford Urwerslty Press.. 2007. Jack5on. Andrew. Hardd D. Moser. David R. Hotl'I. and George H. Moem.im ed. The Pape,$ of .AndtewJadc&on, J816,,r820 Knoxville, TN: Unt\t't!f"YOI Ttm858 PTeff. 994~ Jodt$0n.Aftd,ew, M(I.J3!'rlffMOl"lf'Ot. JNnttMcwoolOAndltWJKkWl JUiy 18, 1818 July 27. 1816 was a Manu&c:ripV Mxed Material l'ttlpsJAt.wwJoc.p lktwnfmaiOOS 153. bloody day for the fugitive Jadtson. Altdrew. 1W\d Edn'lnl ~lelOl'I Gaines. Etlmvnd P&~ Games toAndf&w slaves al Negro Fort. JltCk$0tl, Ocrotier 1. 1817. M.inuscnpt/Mll(Od M.ltori.nJ h.,,.:/IW.w,,loe.gcwf-J007483 At five in the morning. Colonel Clinch and his navy led an offensive against Negro Fort. As the American's Inferior weapons were highly McGoYen,,, Jatnet R.. ed. AndfewJ.tc/Uoll llftd PMUHX>I•: Aeonm,montNf ~ CMbmhnglht ,soa~oltllfl~rol~ M\tslAondtJ Ineffective against the fort. the Americans sought a different route. to the UNled StMH. Pens8cola: Jaoksoc\ Dey ~eMlai Andrew Jackson around the One ol his men used a hotshot cannon from one ol the boats and Commlttff,.1971. time of his Florida Invasion rired it at the fort, causing a massive explosion because 11 landed on the enemies· gunpowder supply. Due to this explosion, more than two-hundred and seventy fugitive slaves died instandy. - --- - - - ,---, ~ UNIVERSITY of WEST FLORIDA .
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