Building and Ornamental Stone Inventory Kenora and Rainy River Districts

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©OMNR-OGS 1983

Ministry of Hon- Alan w- PoPe kl . Minister Natural W. T. Foster ReSOUrCeS Deputy Minister Ontario

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open File Report 5446

Preliminary Report of the Building and Ornamental Stone Inventory Kenora and Rainy River Districts

C.C. Storey

1983

THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED EQUALLY BY THE GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA AND ONTARIO UNDER THE NORTHERN ONTARIO RURAL DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT (NORDA) .

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form:

Storey, C.C. 1983: Preliminary Report of the Building and Ornamental Stone Inventory, Kenora and Rainy River Districts, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5446, 143p., 20 tables and 37 figures.

Ontario Geological Survey

OPEN FILE REPORT

Open file reports are made available to the public subject to the following conditions:

This report is unedited. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Geological Survey does not assume liability. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statements of government policy.

Open file copies may be read at the following locations:

Mines Library Ontario Ministy of Natural Resources 8th Floor, 77 Grenville Street, Toronto

The office of the Regional or Resident Geologist in whose district the area covered by this report is located.

Handwritten notes and sketches may be made from this report. Check with the Library or Region al or Resident Geologist's office as to whether there is a copy of this report that may be borrowed. The Library or Regional or Resident Geologist's office will also give you information on copying ar rangements. A copy of this report is available for Inter-Library Loan.

This report is on file in the Regional or Resident Geologists' office(s) located at:

8Or*Ho 808 Kotertson Street P.O. Box 1089 435 Jarnes Street South POV ?MO ' Kenora, Ontario sioux Lookout, Ontario Thunder Bay, Ontario POV 2MO P9N 3X7 POV 2TO P7C 5G6

The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Permission for other reproductions must be obtained in writing from the Director, Ontario Geological Survey.

E.G. Pye, Director Ontario Geological Survey

ill

FOREWORD

Interest in building, monumental and decorative stone is currently undergoing a resurgence. Northwestern Ontario has a long history of production of both dimension and crushed stone. There are currently two monumental granite producers and one flagstone pro ducer in the Northwestern Region as well as several past producing quarries of monumental and building granite, flagstone and soapstone,

The Ministry of Natural Resources Northwestern Region is currently carrying out a two year project to evaluate these deposits and to determine the potential for further development of stone resources in the area. This program is being funded under the Resource Diver sification Subprogram of the Northern Ontario Rural Development Agreement (NORDA).

Dimension stone used by the building and monument industries has a unit value comparable to many metallic mineral producers, and the production from these deposits can be economically shipped long distances. Northwestern Ontario is situated adjacent to established stone producing areas in Manitoba and Minesota and is ideally located with respect to the North American Market.

The information contained in this preliminary report is the result of the first year of field work. Subsequent field work and research in 1983/84 will add to and perhaps modify these findings.

E.G. Pye Director, Ontario Geological Survey.

TABLE OP CONTENTS

Abstract Table of contents ...... List of tables List of Figures Introduction ...... l Methodology ...... l Previous Geological Work ...... 2 Geological Setting ...... 2 History of Stone Quarrying ...... 4 Commodities ...... 8 Laboratory Work ...... 12 Sample Preparation ...... 12 Crystaline Igneous Rocks ...... 13 Introduction ...... 13 Granite Classification ...... ; . .. . . 15 Granite Quarries ...... 17 Granite Study Areas ...... 39 Soapstone ...... ,...... 75 Flagstone and Slate ...... 103 Other rock types ..,...... ,...... 113 References ...... 116 Appendix - sample description ...... 118

Vll

LIST OP TABLES

1 Dimension granite quarries and prospects ...... 6 2 Stone quarries other than granite ...... 7 3 Criteria for commercial granite deposits ...... 14 4 Building and monumental granite deposits 4 granite study areas ...... 16 5 Soapstone Deposits ...... 75 6 SI Mineralogy ...... 76 7 S3 Mineralogy ...... 80 8 S4 Mineralogy .©...... 83 9 S5 Mineralogy ...... 86 10 S6 Mineralogy ...... 88 11 S8 Mineralogy ...... ,...... , ...... 91 12 S9 Mineralogy ...... 93 13 S10 Mineralogy ...... 95 14 Sil Mineralogy ...... 98 15 S12 Mineralogy ...... 101 16 F2 Mineralogy ...... 107 17 F3 Mineralogy ...... -...... 109 18 F3 Analytical results ...... 110 19 Gaherty Island Mineralogy ...... 114 20 Gaherty Island Analytical Results ...... 114

LIST OF FIGURES

1 Location Map ...... 3 2 Classification for granitoid rocks ...... 15 3 CNR White Ballast Quarry ...... 21 4 CPR Ballast Quarry Bonheur Station ...... 23 5 CPR Quarry Island Dimension Stone Quarry ...... 26 6 Gummeson Granite Prospect ...... 29 7 Location Map Nelson Granite and Universal Granite Quarries31 8 Location Map Ontario Granite Company Farlane Quarry .... 34 9 Wm Horne Granite Company Butler Station Quarry ...... 36 10 Austin Lake Area ...... 41 11 Blindfold Lake Granite Area ...... 43 12 Forgotten Lake Area ...... 45 13 404 Road Area ...... 48 14 Junction Granite ...... 49 15 Granite Lake Area ...... 51 16 Marchington River Area ...... 53 17 Mulcahy Lake Area ...... 55 18 Nabish Lake Area ...... 57 19 Perrault Falls Area ...... 58 20 Pine Road Area ...... 61 21 Revell Batholith ...... 64 22 Roughrock Lake/Cygnet Lake Area ...... 66 2 3 Sand Lake Area ...... 68 24 Vermilion Bay Gneiss ...... 70 25 Whitedog Granite Area ...... 72 26 Keys Lake Area ...... 74 27 Claxton Township Talc Occurrence ...... 77 28 Eagle Lake Soapstone Deposit (a)Location(b)Geology ..... 82 29 Labyrinth Bay, Location Map ...... 84 30 Little Turtle Lake (a) Location Map(b) Geology ...... 87 31 Mile Lake Soapstone Location Map ...... 90 32 Pipestone Peninsula ...... 96 33 Trap Lake (a)Location(b)Geology ...... 99 34 Wabigoon Soapstone deposit Location Map ...... 102 35 Rainbow Quarry Location Map ...... 108 36 Rush Bay Quarry Location Map ...... 111 37 Rush Bay Quarry Schematic Section ...... 112

ABSTRACT

This is a preliminary report of results of field examinations of granite, flagstone, soapstone and decorative stone deposits. Known producers, past producers and occurrences are included as well as several areas of rock that look to have some characteristics of economic stone deposits. A large number of rocks were examined and sampled that have little or no potential, brief descriptions of these are appended. UTM Grid co-ordinates are given for all deposits and samples to enable location of them on 1:50,000 NTS maps. The deposits are described in a manner compatable with the established stone industry terminology and the conventional geological literature.

Kill

Preliminary Report of the Building and Ornamental Stone Inventory Kenora and Rainy River Districts

C. C. Storey

Geologist, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Kenora District.

Manuscript aproved by Regional Liason Geologist, C.R. Kustra, April 20, 1983. This report is published by permission of E.G. Pye, Director, Ontario Geological Survey.

INTRODUCTION

This report presents the progress of the building and monumental stone inventory to March 1983. The work presented herein took place during the summer and fall of 1982 and analysis of the data is still underway. The area examined extends from the International boundary northward to the end of the usable road system and eastward from the Manitoba border to the 90 0 00© 00" west Longitude. Road access is very important to the stone industry for both development of a deposit and continued production. Areas were selected for study on the basis of having both desireable rock types and reasonable access. Field work was carried out by the writer assisted by A. Kolisnik until the end of August and M. O©Flaherty until the end of October.

METHODOLOGY

The project commenced with a review of the literature to find all references to building and ornamental stone deposits and any descriptions of rock types which may have potential as building or ornamental stone. There are very few references to granite and similar rock deposits other than brief descriptions of most of the existing quarries. The description of granitoid rocks in published and unpublished geological reports are often highly generalized and do not give sufficient detail to determine whether or not a particular granitoid body has potential as building stone. Many parts of the area that contain graintoid rocks have only been mapped at a reconnaissance scale. Much of the field work involved reconnaissance examination of areas of granitoid and other rock types that appeared to have some potential from the literature. Personnel employ ed under the joint federal provincial funded Mining Sector Work Program became available at the end of August to carry out some of this work.

The reconnaissance showed up several areas granitoid gabbroic and slaty rocks that warrent further detailed mapping and sampling. All areas were examined and at least one sample representative of the most uni form fracture free material was taken. These samples were sawed to 10 by 15 cm slabs, l to 2 cm in thickness and polished. Petrographic descriptions are being made from the polished surface. There are comparatively few publications dealing with building and ornamental stone. Reports by Hewitt (1964) and Carr (1955) describe the granite producers and past producers. Report by Wilson (1926) and Spence (1922), (1940) describe the major soapstone occurrences. In addition to these, the Ontario Bureau of Mines and Ontario Depart ment of Mines Annual Reports contain some references to periods of production and quantities and types of stone produced. The yearly production statistics of dimension stone tend to be lumped with crushed stone particularly in recent years.

The general geology of Northwestern Ontario has been described by many authors starting in the first half of the Nineteenth Century by Bigsby (1852), Owen (1852) and continuing in the later half of the nineteenth century by Bell (1873,1883), Dawson (1875)and Lawson (1886). Geological mapping has continued to the present by staff of the Geological Survey of Canada, Ontario Bureau of Mines, Ontario Geological Survey and numerous university researchers. In spite of a large volume of mapping and economic geological literature, many of the areas of predominantly granitoid rocks are poorly known.

GEOLOGICAL SETTING

The area is underlain by rocks of the Superior Province of the Cana dian Shield. This has been subdivided into the Uchi, English River, Wabigoon and Quetico Subprovinces. The Uchi and Wabigoon Subprovinces are characterized by metavolcanic and metasedimentary belts intruded by numerous granitoid bodies and several gabbroic and ultramafic bodies. The Quetico subprovince is similar in form but is primarily composed of metasediments and is at somewhat higher metamorphic grade. The English River Subprovince is composed of highly metamorphosed metasedi ments and minor metavolcanics. These rocks have been intruded by several suites of grantoid rocks. The metamorphic grade of the Uchi and Wabigoon Subprovinces varies from greenschist facies to amphibolite- facies near some of the granitoid bodies. The lower grade metavolcanics and metasediments frequently contain preserved primary textures. All these rocks are Early Precambrian (Archean) in age. The granitoid rocks are younger than the metavolcanics and metasediments. The divisions between the Subprovinces are primarily stratigraphic (representing a facies change from a predominantly volcanic to a predominantly epic lastic region) although 3

Figure l Location Map Project Area is stippled they are now in part fault bounded due to tectonic overprinting (MacKasey et al 1974). The youngest rocks in the area Middle Precambrian diabase dikes which intrude all the older rock types. This area is close to the western edge of the Precambrian Shield outcrop area.

HISTORY OF STONE QUARRYING

The earliest known commodity quarried in northwestern Ontario is soap stone and similar carvable rocks quarried in very small amounts by the Indians for carving ornamental and ceremonial items. The modern period of stone quarrying began with the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway when large amounts of rock were quarried for fill and ballast and more significantly several granite deposits were quarried for the construction of bridge piers and building foundations. Granite has been produced from one deposit or another almost continuously to the present. The first granite quarries for other than railway use were at Ignace where Wm. Horne and R. Bannerman commenced producing granite paving blocks from a former CPR quarry in 1912. This operation con tinued at Butler, west of Ignace until 1952 with paving stones and rough blocks of building and monumental granite being the major product. A small operation by the Ontario Granite Company at Farlane Station on the Canadian National Railway produced granite monuments during the 1920©s. The stone was finished into monument dies on the property. Current granite production is located west of Vermilion Bay where two companies (Nelson Granite and Universal Granite Centre(1976) Ltd.) produce pink granite in rough blocks to be shipped to Quebec, New Brunswick and Vermont for finishing as monuments.

Slate and flagstone have been quarried sporadically since 1884. In that year, a Mr. Gibbons produced a small amount of roofing slate from a. quarry on Slate Island Lake of the Woods. This rock has been removed from many of the islands in the Lake for local construction use. Mariposite was quarried briefly on the Northern Peninsula of the Lake of the Woods and from a small deposit west of Hudson in 1972. Rush Bay Quarries has produced flagstone from a sheared rhyolite tuff in Forgie Township since 1978. This material is sold for building facing, patio and fireplace construction. Soapstone deposits were extensively prospected and three were put into production from 1915 to 1927. The material was used for refract ory purposes (gasburner tips and furnace linings) but often proved unsatisfactory. Interest in soapstone since 1927 has been directed at material for carving decorative and ceremonial objects.

Large amounts of granite and similar rocks have been quarried and crushed for use as railway ballast (Bonheur, Hawk Lake and White) and for construction of roads, dams, bridges and rock filled causeways. Meta- sediments and Metavolcanics have also been quarried for crushed stone. One large quarry (Watcomb) was developed in metabasalt by the Canadian National Railway for ballast in 1972 and operated until 1982. 0 a o n o w T3 z z o ffi o cc a n n z H 3 3 C O 3 rt H, O ffi C O C O C ^ tl PJ ^ H- pJSrtOOH MP)HPJH 3 JO JO 3 CO if ffi 11 fl) K, ffi *O H- OflffiHffi ffi O W W 3"rt ^3 H- ffiO 3^ ^ W C ffi CO KOtr©o^ pJ>cn co PJ ffi ffi PJ pJrtpJOSHOHS: .j M IfDJS© H pjtUPJ 3 li P) O H. ffi S PJ C3 K rt d O ^ PJ ^ CD H- 3 03 rt H- ^ H- H H PJ3 H3 H- pJMrt H H 3 H H. p- H- ffi rt 3ffiffi O CO ffi 3 Mrt 3h ffi 3M to HI 3 H- pi ffi QJ PJ ffi *O PI rt rt 3 1 M H ffi 3 ffi ffi CO g O DJ O PJ rt 3 H1 Pi O G o z z sins: ipjonjono o CO ffi 3 3 O ffi 3O© .pipjp)p)T3 H rt 3 H- rt li M ©3 H©3H-3fD2 rt < PJ H CO t3O OI-©PJI-©PIII W j^* K. ffi H H- O ffipj* C C &I C DJ &I Z 3 ffi H H- O 3 O3 3P)H-pJH-rtCn Q CO O ?^ 1 ^ EC 3^pJ^piO H 51 H PJ pJO30ffi33H.O 3 vo H-1 O H ffi H. co Z ^j 1 S PJ 3 CO *0 ©fl O -©H.a\ o PJ H-3(ffDOPJpJ CD 3 3 H- 3 O O JO ffi cr* PJ H- ffi rt JO (D H- H- Jj* H rt 3 rt H. ffi - ii HI HI Z PI O, H- ffi PI P) H- H- H rt - rt h-1 O W 3 O O H O ffi O CO O P) H- W t-( O 3 3 rt f T3 3 ffi O H- rt PJ ffi C CO D. 3 H p . m g JO I-1 PJ JO H- 3 H CO W rt •—^ i ' O M *O M I 1 M l 1 O O^OCfl ffi O vo H- vo (1 VO vo vo vo H- H- ffi a C *- H. OtOOO l 1 l 1 CJ H Hllf H 00 O oo DJ o ro en ui o O H- Z H PI C PJ PJ 0 D H\ ffi rt O ©-N rt rt rt a o 3 0 M ffiOOOOMI-© ^0 H rt VO 11 C (30 00 0 JO TJ NJ *" n M M H* CO 00 Hi O 3 "T3 1 O H.VOVOVONJNJ CO 0 M ffi 1 ffi M en w O *d H 0 W H1 3cnt\j-j rttJW ffi a ffi vo rt O ffi O C 3 NJ H 1-3 a O rt en M PJ W ffi ffi vo rt rt H, o H- PJ *~* o O H- 3 M CO o Hi rt s 2 O SCTDvTD©OStOcD©Ocn©x) E* O O H- O H H- M H- H. O 1 M H- 1 H ffi 3 3 3 3O3O303H-pJffipiO 3* q C ffi COffiOffiCOCQ.3n3a g y g X*3 ^"3133uQH-co(-i-c H- S ffi co ffi coco toco ffiffi ffi rt ^ rt o CO 3 3 H- 3 H- - H- O 3 ffi ffi rt rt rt rt O rt O Octets pi O PI PJ 3 PI 333 PIH-IT3CT H M M l-1 O M ffi M d M W CO 3 CO 11 O O CO co rt co rtcrt cocooHiO CO rt rt O rt O3O rt X*OJV ffi O O 3 O 3ffi3 O ween ffi 3 3 ffi3ffi3ffi3 3 ffi ffi ffi^rt 1* ffi HiDjHi rt TJ PI 0 PJ 0 3" l t3 t-"O 1 rt H ffi O PJ pj H- CO < co < 0 CD ©O "0 H- rt H- 3 H H ffi 3 O 3 CO H- O O (Q 3 vQ Qi *O rt ffi vQ ffi O ffi H rt ^ ©^ ^ ro jo 4-3 H ©"^tD ""^S tr1 O Os! t"1 ffi OO QJ VJ1 (j) (J) iQ 1 © r^ 1 © nj PJ C Hi H© O UJ li DJ H 3 ^rt ©^S ^* PJ 3D t 1 5" Oi 3 PI ..-t-1 . ffi ffi H W 3 PJ ffi H- ^ PI 3 H- H- O Sfffi ^H- H ffi H- rt CO M 33 rt M ffi 3il 3uDO l^ffi13i-©- 0 H- ^ffi 3 rt H- w M * Mi CffiO O 3 O Q ^ OT -3 ffi ^-~ PI ifl 3 H- 3 o w ^ 3 OrtS^rtcnrt V ^ rt ^ \ipi2.C03*CI-©-JO rt V rfpj 3^ tO ^rt^ ffiH3H- H- P) 3*ft pi 3V 3/cri 1 < 0 l(-i- O k^ ^O*PJ21ffi ffi 3 3Q *~^ ^3^X"O l©©i H 0 J3 CQ W (p Q ~ 4 W ^ ^ a H 3 ct ffi JO CO CQ O 3* 3 O O Q M h( CD O ^ ©"©ip) p) r-f- CQ 4 Qj 3 3" rf P M M*^ Q, m era O 33 Mj P3 P3 O O SK; fD 0) (D v^ v^ 3 0 50 o Z Quarry O o fi) to x CO W 3" ffi SoapstoneQuarry rt B H ro W TrapPidgeonLakeE.G. m to WabigoonSoapstone GibbonsSlateMr. M MiningEagleGraceLakeCo. H to WabigoonSoapstoneMileLake o fi) to QuarryQuarriesRainbowLtd. DrydenPulpPipestonePenin-and o 3 P- QuarryRlwyWatcombCanadianNational o Di D- ft) Onlyoperatorthecurrentlastknownis1or c 3

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COMMODITIES

The commodities studied comprise: Black Granite, Decorative Stone, Flagstone (Freestone, Fieldstone) and Slate, Granite, Gneiss, Landscape Material, Marble, Limestone, and Soapstone. The names of rocks used in the stone industry bear little or no relation to the currently accepted petrological nomenclature. These terms are used more or less consistently within the stone industry. Of these commodities only granite, flagstone, landscape material, trap rock and soapstone have been produced in North Western Ontario. Granite has been the major stone produced with the first quarrying taking place during construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The other commodities have been produced from time to time but granite and flagstone are the only ones currently produced. 9

COMMODITY DEFINITIONS:

Black ©Granite©: Any crystalline igneous rock of dark grey, dark green, dark brown, dark blue or black colour. Typically these are gabbro, norite, diabase and similar mafic intrusive rock.

Decorative Aggregate: This material covers a wide variety of rock types used to make the face mix for precast concrete panels. These are usually crystal line igneous rocks but some other types are used. They must be resistant to weathering or discolouration.

Decorative Stone: This term covers any rock with an attrative colour and/or texture that lends itself to the manufacture of small objects (bookends, ash-trays, etc.) or decorative accent pieces for fireplaces or similar. The rock types considered are all types of intrusives, vein deposits,some metasediments and metavolcanics.

Flagstone (Freestone, These are rocks with a well developed cleav Fieldstone) and Slate; age that can be easily spit into thin sheets. They are either fine grained metavolcanics or metasediments that have been sheared or tightly folded. The term slate should be restricted to fine grained metasediments with a slaty cleavage.

Granite: Any light coloured crystalline igneous rock This term includes granite, syenite, quartz monzonite, granodiorite,etc. In general these are intermediate to felsic intrusive rocks that are commonly mapped as granitoid. 10 Gniess: These rocks are usually lumped with granite, by industry. They have been used as monu ments in some case but have a good potential as building facing used in a similar manner as marble.

Landscape Material Any decorative rock used primarily as part of a landscape design. Includes crushed coloured stone for walks, driveways and and around planting, boulders used for borders, rock gardens and accent points in a garden. The most common form of this is marble chips sold in bags at garden centres but boulders, granite chips and large rough blocks are also used.

Marble and Limestone; The commercial distinction between these is: Marble is any carbonate rock that can be polished; Limestone is any carbonate rock that cannot be polished well. The terra marble is restricted to crystalline (i.e. metamorphosed) carbonate rocks. Industry includes as marble dark green serpentinites marketed under the name Verde Antique, travertine and onyx.

Soapstone: This is a soft talcy rock of no fixed comp osition; the primary criteria are that it is soft and has an unctuous feel. Most soap- stones are composed essentially of talc with varying amounts of other minerals (carbonate, micas, amphibole, etc.) Some sericite schists are soft and slippery feeling enough to be called soapstone, but these should be kept separate from the true soapstone.

Traprock: This is a non-specific term covering dark a coloured igneous rocks such as diabse, basalt, A gabbro, diorite often crushed for aggregate use. 11

Traprock cont©d The coarser grained varieties of intrusive rock (gabbro, diorite, diabase) are more often classified as black ©granite© with the term trap reserved for fine grained intrusive and extrusive rocks. 12

LABORATORY WORK

Laboratory work was done by the Geoscience Laboratories, Ontario Geological Survey, 77 Greville St., Toronto, Ontario. Most of this consisted of X-ray difraction mineralogy of various rocks and identification of minerals and thirty element spectrographic analysis of selected samples. Explanations of the presentation of these results are shown below:

X-Ray Diffraction Mineralogy The letters indicate an estimate of quantity present A- major, B - moderate, C - minor, + more, - less, - not detected by x-ray, ? - uncertainty of identification.

Qualitative spectrographic analysis (30 elements) Element Key to Symbols: Antimony sZ ^ arsenic H - 10 to lOOt ^Deryj.-Lium j ^ i 1*1MH ri cj -*-^u o -LT c#o TO Bismuth M - l to 10* LM - 0.5 to 5.05S Chromium TLL - - 0.10.05 to to1.0* 0.505K ^ oDalt T - 0.01 to 0.10* copper - - None detected Germanium (or less than Lithium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Niobium - Silver Tantalum Tellurium Thorium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Iron

SAMPLE PREPARATION Representative samples of each granite area and quarry and the reconnaissance samples were cut into 10 by 15cm (4 inches by 6 inches) slabs of varying thickness. ©These samples were ground, polished on a Highland Park Vi-8ro-Lap polisher. The polished surface was used to describe the colour of the sample unless otherwise stated. 13

CRYSTALINE IGNEOUS ROCKS INTRODUCTION These include rock types that could be quarried as black-granite, granite and gneiss dimension stone for monumental or building stone use, in crushed products for concrete aggregate, decorative aggregate or rock fill and small blocks for decorative objects. The major criteria for an acceptable ©granite 1 deposit are listed in Table 3 -

The first two criteria are the most important in the preliminary investigation of a deposit. The mineralogy and degree of alteration of a granite are best determined by petrological examination of representative samples. After the above criteria are met the deposit should be mapped at a more detailed scale and sampled to get subsurface material for strength and abrasion resistance testing and large pieces to polish and test various surface treatments.

The granite deposit description that follow are of two types: descriptions of producers, past producers and prospects that have been operated at various times and descriptions of areas of crystaline rock that were identified during the 1982 field season. This latter inform ation is currently being evaluated. 11

TABLE S CRITERIA FOR COMMERCIAL GRANITE DEPOSITS 1. EVEN COLOUR AND TEXTURE Variations in colour, grain size and texture are undesirable in both monuments and buildings. Knots and lines are two common textural flaws. Knots are masses of dark minerals, and lines are any planar feature which appears on the polished surface. The granite produced for a large building must hot vary in colour significantly during the production of the panels used. 2. PRESENCE OF DELETERIOUS MINERALS Sulphides in visible quantities usually render a deposit useless. Highly altered feldspar, soft ferro-magnesian minerals and olivine are undesirable because they are not resistant to weathering and will often not polish. 3. FRACTURING AND JOINTING For dimension and monumental stone deposits the rock must be as free from jointing and sheeting as possible to allow large pieces to be quarried. Modern quarrying methods make the presence of joints or sheets unnecessary for the removal of blocks, but sheeting at a reasonable thickness (2 metres or more) is desirable. The presence of joints is more harmful to building stone than monumental stone because larger fault free blocks are required. 4. ATTRACTIVE COLOUR AND TEXTURE The colours must be commercially desirable. This varies with changes in taste in both buildings and monuments. A colour which is an exact duplicate of a granite already in production near by is not as desirable as a different one. There are many shades of pink, grey, brown, green and blue granites marketed for various uses. The decision on colour is largely and asthetic one on the part of the final user. 5. SIZE OF DEPOSIT Sufficient uniform granite must be present to quarry for many years (approx. 50) allowing for at least 50# waste. Current producers in the region work on properties of two claims in size. 15

GRANITE CLASSIFICATION

The industrial term granite includes many lithologies in addition to those formally called granite and granitoid. The rocks have been examined and named according to the scheme devised by Streckeisen (1976). Figure is based o ri Strec KeiSen figure 1. This classi fication is used for igneous rocks only. The industrial term granite also includes gneissic rocks which my be foliated granites, migmatites or metasediments. These later two lithologies do not fit into the igneous classification scheme. They have been given a colour index and a name based on their mineralogy.

Q quartz, besides tridymite and cristobalite in volcanic rocks. A alkali feldspars (orthoclase, microcline, perthite, anorthoclase, albite An 00 05, besides sanidine in volcanic rocks). P plagioclase An 05 100, scapolite. Q -t- A + P- 100 la, quartzolite (silexite); Ib, quartz-rich granitoids; 2, alkali-feldspar granite; 3, granite; 4, granodiorite; 5, tonalite, 6*, quartz alkali-feldspar syenite; 7*, quartz syenite; 8*, quartz monzonite; 9*, quartz monzodiorite/quartz monzogabbro; 10*, quartz diorite/quartz gabbro/quartz anorthosite; 6, alkali-feldspar syenite; 7, syenite; 8, monzonite; 9, monzodiorite/monzogabbro; 10, diorite/gabbro/anorthosite- 2. Classification for granitoid rocks 16

The deposits are listed in Table f

In addition to these deposits, there are many small quarries opened for crushed stone along the highways and railways that have not been described. TABLE H- BUILDING AND MONUMENTAL GRANITE DEPOSITS GQ1 Bannerman and Horne Quarry GQ2 CNR White Quarry GQ3 CPR Bonheur Quarry GQ4 CPR Hawk Lake Quarry GQ5 CPR Quarry Island GQ6 Grindstone Lake GQ7 Gummeson Prospect GQ8 Nelson Granite GQ9 Norlicka Minerals GQ10 Ontario Granite Company - Parlane Quarry GQ11 Win. Horne Granite Company - Butler Station Quarry GQ12 Universal Granite Centre (1976) Ltd.

Granite Study Areas GA l Austin Lake (Gneiss) GA 2 Blindfold Lake GA 3 Forgotton Lake GA 4 HoH Road GA 5 Junction Granite GA 6 Granite Lake GA 7 Marchington River GA 8 Mulcahy Lake Stock GA 9 Nabish Lake GA 10 Perrault Falls GA 11 Pine Road GA 12 Revell Batholith GA 13 Roughrock Lake/Cygnet Lake GA 14 Sand Lake Road GA 15 Vermilion Bay Gneiss GA 16 Whitedog GA 17 Keys Lake 17 GRANITE QUARRIES Twelve granite quarries or prospects have been described. These include all the dimension stone quarries plus three crushed stone quarries. Numerous other crushed stone quarries exist but there are no records of these and they have not been included. 18

GQl BANNERMAN AND HORNE QUARRIES COMMODITY Granite STATUS Past Producer LOCATION NTS 52G5/NE The deposit is found in Ignace Township, District of Kenora. 49 0 26©11" North latitude, 91 0 41"02" West Longitude UTM Grid 595400mE 5476600 mN Zone 15 ACCESS The quarries are located between the CPR right of way and the Trans Canada Pipeline. They are best reached from the Pipeline road. DESCRIPTION Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks of the Indian Lake Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Tanton (1938). The quarries are described by Carr (1955) and Hewitt(1964), a description has also been included in Vos et al (1982). The description below is from Hewitt (1964) . Canadian Pacific Railway Company Quarry^ - Ignace The quarry lies 100 yards north of the Canadian Pacific Railway line, 1.6 miles northwest of Ignace station. It was worked by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company for bridge foundations during construction of the railroad. The face is 200 feet long with a maximum height of 16 feet. It is cut into the east side of a low granite outcrop. The rock is a faintly gneissic, medium-grained pale pink and grey biotite granite striking N.70 0 E. and dipping 45 0 S. Both colour and texture are locally variable and streaks of a dark rock are sometimes included. Six sheets from 18 inches to 8 feet thick are present in the face. The sheeting dips 10 0 N. Jointing is well developed at N.70 0W. at intervals of 6 inches to 20 feet, commonly 4 to 6 feet. Jointing at N.40 0 E. is widely spaced. Quarrying of the large blocks appears to have been accomplished with black powder in widely spaced drill holes the full depth of the sheet. Physical properties of the Ignace grey granite are as follows: maximum compressive strenght, 26375 p.s.i.; minimum compressive strenght, 15375 p.s.i.; average compressive strength, 20875 p.s.i.; absorption, 0.20 percent; bulk specific gravity, 2.62; weight per cubic foot, 163 pounds; abrasive hardness, 66.8. Quarry No. 2 - Ignace

The quarry is about 200 yards north of the railway 1.8 miles northwest of Ignace station. It was served by a railway spur of which only the bed remains. A great many paving blocks and curb stones were apparently produced in addition to larger blocks. A number of shallow cuts have been made over an area of several acres in a low outcrop of the white granite. The rock is massive and medium- grained with rare diffuse patches of coarser texture up to several feet in diameter. The sheeting is massive and horizontal at the east end of the work ings and large blocks were taken from an 8-foot working face. At the west end, sheets 6 to 24 inches thick are common. Scattered workings in the area were largely for paving and curb stones. Jointing is widely spaced in the same two direct ions, N.70 0W. and N.30 0E. Plug and feather quarrying was used. 19 Geology: The rock exposed in the quarry openings is massive to weakly gneissic light grey to pale pink biotite granite. Joints spaced 0.6 to 2 m apart are oriented 030 0 and 120 0 . The colour variations are primarily due to hematite. Biotite content is approximately

HISTORY: This quarry was opened by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1888 for bridge piers and foundation stone (Barr and Dyck 1979) The deposit was legged by Wm. Horne in 1912 for the production of paving blocks and building stone. Operations were term inated in 1915.

REFERENCES NTS map 52G5 Barr, E and Oyck, B 1979: Ignace - a saga of the Shield; The Prairie Publishing Company, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Carr, G. F. 1955: The Granite Industry of Canada; Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Mines Branch NO. 846. Hewitt, D. F. 1964: Building stones of Ontario. Part V Granite and Gneiss; Ontario Department of Mines Industrial Mineral Report 19. Tantan, T. L. 1938: Preliminary Report, Ignace Sheet Southwest Quarter Kenora District, Ontario; Canada Department of Mines and Resources Mines and Geology Branch, Geological Survey Paper 38-13. Vos, M. A. Abolins, T and Smith V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey Open file Report 5388, 3441, 3 figures and l table 20

GQ2 CNR WHITE QUARRY COMMODITY: Granite - crushed for track ballast STATUS: Producer 52E/14 NE LOCATION: The quarry is north central Rice Township, adjacent to the CNR f.3km east of the Manitoba border. 490 5y, 02- North latitude 95O 05© 35" West longitude UTM Grid 349650 mE 5529400mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The deposit is only accessable by rail. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The deposit is in diorite to granodiorite rocks near the north contact of the Pelicanpouch Lake Stock. Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Break^ et al (1975). A brief description appears in the Kenora Resident Geologists Files and is reproduced in Vos et al (1982) : Rock is granitic and is highly variable throughout the pit area. Most common is a grey to pink, medium grained granodiorite with varying amounts of biotite. Some areas have a very clotty appearance due to coarse biotite. Coarse grained pink pegmatite is also common. Geology: The rock is light grey to pink horn blende biotite granitoid intruded by numerous pink pegmatite and aplite kikes. Xenoliths are common often showing agmatite development. The mafic content of the granitoid is highly variable up to 30**, biotite is predominant. Gneissosity is developed as swirly segregations of mafic minerals rather than even layering. The peg matites have variable orientation but most seem to dip moderately north eastward. The dikes show evidence of assimilation of the host rock. Hematite staining is common. Pegmatite makes up about 151 of the rock. The rock is extensively fractured due to blasting. A major joint set is oriented about 135V90 with another set perpendicular to this. Sheeting varies from 0.3 to 2m with most 0.3 to 0.6m. HISTORY: The quarry was opened about 1974 to obtain crushed stone for track ballast. The quarry is operated for short periods and the crushed stone is stock piled for use as needed.

REFERENCES NTS52E /14 Breaks, F.W.: Bond, W. D., Mcwilliams, G. H., Gower, C.F., and Stone, Denver. 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Kenora- Minaki Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.i030 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology 1974. Resident Geologist©s Files OMNR Kenora Vos, M.A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario- Supplement 1; Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5388, 344 p., 3 figures and l table, SCALE O 2 Km

Fig. 3: CNR VHITE Ballast Quarry GQ3 BONHEUR QUARRY COMMODITY: Crushed granite

STATUS: Past Producer 52G/6 SW LOCATION: The deposit is in lot 10 Concession III Burk Township, District of Kenora 49 18© 58" North Latitude 91 19© 54" west Longitude UTM grid 621300 mE, 5463700 mU Zone 15

ACCESS The workings are on top of a hill reached by a road extending 1.5 km North from Highway 17 at a point 1.9 km east of the West bound ary of Burk Township.

DESCRIPTION; Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Tanton (1938). The quarry has been described by Tanton (1938) and is ment ioned by Carr (1955) and Vos et al (1982) The following is from Tanton (1938) Bonheur Quarry The Bonheur quarry is on the southern side of a hill one-quarter mile north west of Bonheur Station. Prior to 1932 the quarry was owned and operated by the Canadian Pacific Rail way for the production of rock ballast. Excavations were made at three adjacent localities at different elevations; the lowest of these measures approximately 100 feet long, 66 feet wide, and 30 feet deep; adjoining it at a somewhat higher elevation on the northwest is an excava tion 130 feet square and 30 feet deep; and above and west of this is one 200 feet long, 160 feet wide, and 15 feet deep. After 1932 the operation ceased; the railway siding, power house, and two rotary rock crushers were dismantled; in 1937 there were no buildings on the property. This property is underlain by granite in which there are inclusions of Keewatin schists. The hill on which the quarry was opened is for the most part covered with a thin deposit of till which, adja cent to the workings, is about 2 feet thick. The rock in the quarry consists for the most part of grey, hornblende granite- gneiss; irregularly distributed through it and prominently exposed in the northern part of the workings are platy inclusions of hornblende schist, which locally contain zones rich in garnet. The foliation of these rocks strikes east-northeast and dips 75 degrees south. This assemblage is cut by red pegmatite dykes up to a \few inches in width; some of the dykes are parallel to the foliation and others horizontal. Geology: The rock is medium grained gneissic grey granite cut by numerous pink granitic pegmatite dikes. The foliation varies from weak to strong gneissic layering over short distances. It is variable in trend but is predominantly 095 /75 S. The overgown condi tion of the workings and fractures due to blasting obscure jointing patterns, but they appear to be wide spaced. Overburden is less than 1m in thickness but obscures the rock close to the quarry openings. HISTORY: The quarry was operated prior to 1932 by the Canadian Pacific Railway for ballast.

REFERENCES: MTS Map 52G/6 Tanton, T. L. 1938: Preliminary Report Ignace Sheet Southwest Quarter, Kenora District Ontario; Canada. Department of Mines and Resources Mines and Geology Branch Geological Survey Paper 38-13. Carr, G.F. 1955: The granite industry of Canada, Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Mines Branch, Pub. No. 846. Vos, M.A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario, Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5388, 344p., 3 figures and l table.

SCALE O 2 Km

Fig. 4: CPR Ballast Quarry Bonheur Station. GQ4 CPR HAWK LAKE QUARRY COMMODITY: Granite - crushed for track ballast STATUS: Producer

LOCATION: 52F/13SW The quarry is in south west MacNicol Township District of Kenora, 40km east of Kenora. The centre of the quarry is used as a location point. 49 0 48©35" North Latitude, 93 0 59©32" West Longitude UTM Grid 428600mE, 5517700mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The quarry is serviced by a siding from the CPR Station at Hawk Lake and a road that extends south from Highway 17. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The quarry is developed in quartz momzonite and granodiorite of the Feist Lake Pluton which is part of the Dryberry Batholith Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Pryslak (1968, 1974). The quarry has been briefly mentioned by Lawson et al (1897) , Pryslak (1976) and Vos et al (1982). There is no description of the deposit. The following is from Lawson et al, NOTE 6. A little to the east of Hawk Lake station, a quarry has been opened in a grey gneiss for building stone, and the material obtained there is said by practical men to be the best working and quarrying stone along the line of the railway. It has been used chiefly for foundation purposes, but would make a very serviceable stone for the walls of ordinary buildings. Geology: The rock is light grey to pinkish grey biotite granite. It has a gneissosity due to biotite alignment but this varies about the quarry. There are numerous pink pegmatite dikes of variable orientation. The rock is extensively fractured due to blasting. Sheeting is about 0.5m and is consistant the entire depth of the quarry. HISTORY: The quarry was originally opened for dimension stone prior to 1897. In 1929 it was reopened for crushed stone for use as track ballast by the Canadian Pacific Railway. It has operated intermittantly to 1982. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/13 Lawson, A.C. 1897: Lake of the Woods; Geological Survey of Canada Map 227 inch to 2 mi. Pryslak A.P. 1968: Tustin-Bridges area, MacNicol Township District of Kenora, Ontario Department of Mines, Preliminary Map P471 1:15840 Pryslak, A. P. 1976: Geology of the Bruin Lake-Edison Lake Area. District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines GR130,61p. Accompanied by Maps 2302 and 2303, scale l inch to 1/2 mile (1:31,680). and chart. Vos, M.A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario- Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5388, 344 p., 3 figures and l table. 25

GQ5 CPR QUARRY ISLAND

COMMODITY Granite STATUS: Past Producer 52E/9 NW LOCATION: Quarry. (Surrey) Island, Lake of the Woods 49 0 42© 14" North Latitude 94 O 2H © 16"West longitude. UTM Grid 398750 mE 5506350 mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The deposit is reached by boat from Kenora. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The are is underlain by a small granitoid body intruding metavolcanics. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Lawson 1885 and Suffel (1930). The are has been illustrated by Bruce (1925) in conjunction with nearby gold deposits. The only mention of the quarry is Lawson et al 1897 : A boss of coarse-grained, grey, granitoid gneiss, considerably crushed and altered, projects through the schists on Quarry Island and on the opposite shore. The vein on which the Sultana Mine is situated, occurs in this rock, and a number of other gold locations have been taken up in its neighbourhood. Small veins of quartz carrying molybdenite traverse the gneiss in places, and larger veins of molybdenite have been found in the country between Quarry Island and Ross- land. A quarry has been opened on the is land for material for bridge piers, and the gneiss or "granite," as it is called, is found to furnish excellent blocks for heavy masonry. Geology: The rock is grey medium grained biotite granite. The rock is massive in the vicinity of the workings. Predominant joint sets occur 000 to 020/85 W and 100/85 N. The joints are spaced approximately l to 1.5 metres apart. Sheeting varies from 1.3 m at the West end of the workings to 3 metres at the east end of the workings. The quarry was developed along a south facing ridge for a distance of approximately 30 m. The rock was removed often using the joints to outline the blocks. HISTORY: The quarry was opened during construction of the CPR to obtain granite for bridge piers. REFERENCES: Bruce, E. L. 1925: Gold deposits of Kenora and Rainy River District; Ontario Department of Mines Amnual Report Volume 3^ part 6 p 1-42 Lawson A. C., Barlow A. E., Wilson W. J. 1897: Geological and topographical Map of the Northern part of the Lake of the Woods and Adjacent country; Geological Survey of Canada Sheet No. l scale 1:126720 edition printed for 6th report of the Ontario Bureau of Mines 1897 Lawson, A. f loop: oLo'Cai. Survey of C*na.ofA A n n u a l Report part GC Vol l (New Series) Suffel, G. G. 1930: Geology of the Bigstone Bay Area, Lake of the Woods, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Volume 39 part 3 p. 57-78 SCALE 2 Km J l Ml

Figure 5. CPR Quarry Island Dimension stone quarry The island nas been renamed Surrey Island, 27

GQ6 GRINDSTONE LAKE COMMODITY: Granite (as fill and track ballast) STATUS: Past Producer

LOCATION: NTS 52E/16 NW Lot 3 Concession VI Redditt Township District of Kenora 49 O 59© 18" North latitude 94 O 21©56" west longitude UTM Grid 402100 mE 5538000 mN zone 15 ACCESS: The quarry is on the north side is the CNR right of way 2240metres east of Redditt. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by massive to. porphyritic granodiorite of the English River Gneiss Belt. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Breaks et al (1975, 1978) at a recon naissance scale. There is no description of the deposit. Geology: This deposit is very similar to Uorlicka Minerals (GQ90 Major joint directions are OSO 0 / 60 0 s (the predominant set) and 170V90 0 . They are spaced approximately 1m. apart or more. The granite is cut by numerous pegmatite dikes. Sheeting of irregular thickness dips 10 to 15 0 to the north east. HISTORY: The rock was quarried for railway construction probably rock fill.

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52E/16

Breaks, F.W., Bond, W.D., Mcwilliams, G.H., Gower, C.F., and Stone, Denver 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Kenora- Kinaki Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.1030 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology B 74. Breals, F.W., Bond, W.D., and Stone, Denver 1378: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, Northwestern Ontario and its Bearing Upon Mineral Exploration; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP 72, 55p. Accompanied by Map P.B 71, Scale 1:253 440 OHNR Surveys and Mapping Branch Plan No. ^2026 Area of Deacon Lake and Redditt Township. 28

GQ7 GUMMESON PROSPECT

COMMODITY: Granite STATUS: Prospect/Past Producer

LOCATION: NTS 52G/5 NW The deposit is located in Bradshaw Township, District of Kenora NTS 52G/5NW 49 0 28©45" North Latitude 91 0 48©49" West Longitude UTM Grid 585950 mE, 5481200 mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The quarry workings are adjacent to the Mameigwess Lake Roadz.o|km north of Highway 17. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks of the Indian Lake Bathelith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Tanton (1938) The quarry is described by Tanton as follows: On mining claim K3702, one mile north of Butler Station, development work has been carried on since 1935 by the owner, A. Gummeson of Butler, with a view to opening a quarry. On a hill that rises about 40 feet above the adjacent lowland a considerable amount of stripping has been done and te-st pits have been done--and test pits have been sunk at two places. Fifty cubic feet of stone valued at $50 was sold in 1937. The property is underlain by massive, medium- grained biotite granite, exhibiting pale grey and pink varieties that merge into one another. At test pits the rock consists chiefly of pale grey granite that is traversed by a system of joints dipping at very low angles toward the north. Geology: The rock is exposed in a southwest trending ridge with two small quarry openings in it. The granite is fine to medium grained massive light grey biotite granite. Vertical joints oriented 060 0 and 180 0 to 200 0 are spaced 2 to 6 m apart. Sheeting varies from 1m at the east pit to 3 m at the west pit. The colour is light grey becoming pale pink to the north. The granite exposed in the workings is all light grey. There are no obvious knots or inclusions although minor quartz veins occur in a few places. HISTORY: The deposit was opened by A. Gummeson in 1935 and developed until 1937. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52G/5 Tanton, T.L. 1938: Preliminary Report Ignace Sheet South- west Quarter, Kenora District Ontario; Canada Department of Mines and Resources, Mines and Geology Branch, Geological Survey Paper 38-13/ 29

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Figure 6. Gumnresom granitie prospect. 30

GQ8 NELSON GRANITE COMMODITY: Granite STATUS: Producer

LOCATION NTS 52F/14SW Docker Township, District of Kenora 49 0 29©26" North Latitude 93 0 29©52" West Longitude UTM Grid 465150mE, 5519000mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The quarry is located on the south side of Highway 17 *? km West of the town of Vermilion Bay. A short road connects with the highway. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The quarry was opened in a small late granitoid plug in the border area of the Dryberry Dome. Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Pryslak (1969,1976) and included in a reconaissance scale map by Breaks et al (197^,1978). There is no description of the quarry although it was included in Vos et al (1982) Geology: The rock is homogeneous massive medium grained pink granite. The body is eggshaped in plan 2.8 by 1.8 km. This is the same deposit that the Universal Granite Centre Quarry is loc ated in. The quarry is located near the centre of the body. The rock is very uniform in colour. A few minor quartz veins up to 2:m wide are present. The rock has very few fractures vertical joints are oriented 050/90 and 155/90; these are widely spaced and in many parts of the outcrop are not evident. Sheeting is thick. Initial drilling indicated horizontal fractures at approximately 7.6 m to 13.7m (Kenora Res. Geol. Files) Quarrying operations exposed a first sheet at ^ to 2.5m. The rock is identical to the Universal Granite Centre deposit. The same sheeting and layering is present although the sheets are horizontal. HISTORY: The quarry was opened by Nelson Granite Ltd. in 1981 and currently produces granite for monumental use.

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/14 Breaks, F.W. Bond. W. D. Westerman C. J. and Harris, N. 1976: Operation Kenora-Ear Falls, Dryden- Vermilion Bay Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines. Prelim. Map P.12O3 Geol. Ser. scale 1:63,360 or l inch to l mile. Geology 1975. Breaks, F.W. Bond, W.D., and Denver Stone 1978: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, North western Ontario and Its Bearing Upon Mineral Exploration; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP 72,55p. Accompanied by Map P. 1971, Scale 1:253440. Pryslak, A. P. 1969: Docker Township, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Preliminary Map P 544 1:15840 Pryslak, A.P. 1976: Geology of the Bruin Lake-Edison Lake Area. District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines GR130, 6Ip. Accompanied by Maps 2302 and 2303, scale l inch to 1/2 mile (1:31.680). and chart. 31

Vos, M. A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario- Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5388, 344 p., 3 figures and l table, MNR Resident Geologist©s files, Kenora.

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Figure 7* Location1 map for Nelson Granite and Universal Granite Centre (1976) quarries. GQ9 NORLICKA MINERALS COMMODITY: Granite STATUS: Prospect LOCATION: NTS 52E/16NW Lot 2 Concession VI Redditt Township, District of Kenora 49 0 59©25" North Latitude, 94 0 21©33" West Longitude UTM Grid 402550 mE, 5538200 mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The workings are located 200m North of the CNR Right of way 2.8 km east of Redditt Station. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by porphyritic granodiorite of the English River Subprovince. Previous Geological Work: The area has been map ped by Breaks et al (1975, 1916) at a reconnaissance scale. There is no description of the deposit. Geology: The rock is a massive to nebulitic gneissic pink coloured biotite gramite exposed in a large hillside north of the CNR. There are numerous pegmatite patches up to several metres long. The colour is variable from light to deep pink, grainsize varies from medium to fine grained. Major joint sets are oriented 045/SOs, 095/90, 125/90, 160/90. The joint spacing varies from 2m at the base of the hill near the workings to 6m on top of the hill. The workings consist of a small prospect pit in the south west side of the outcrop area several small blocks have been removed by plug and feather. The granite bears some resemblance to the Rainbow granite quarried in Minnesota. HISTORY: Nothing is recorded about the history of operator of this deposit. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52 E/16 Breaks, F.W., Bond, W.D., Mcwilliams, G.H., Gower, C.F., and Stone, Denver 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Kenora- Kinaki Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.1030 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology D 74. Breals, F.W., Bond, W.D., and Stone, Denver B 78: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, Northwestern Ontario and its Bearing Upon Mineral Exploration; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP 72, 55p. Accompanied by Map P.B 71, Scale 1:253 440 OMNR Surveys and Mapping Branch Plan No. 1*2026 Area of Deacon Lake and Redditt Township. 33

GQ10 ONTARIO GRANITE COMPANY - FARLANE QUARRY COMMODITY: Granite STATUS: Past Producer

LOCATION: NTS52L/I SW The quarry is adjacent to the CNR Mainlin 800 m west of Farlane Station 50 0 00©39" North Latitude, 94 0 12©47" West Longitude UTM Grid 413100mE, 5540400mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The quarry is accessable by rail. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The quarry was developed in granitoid rocks mapped as biotite granodiorite by Breaks et al 1975. Previous Geological Work: The quarry has been described by Carr (1955)(reproduced in Hewitt (1964)). and Cole (1938). The following is reproduced from Carr: A number of years ago quarrying operations were carried on adjacent to the Canadian National railway a mile west of Farlane, a station 10 miles east of Redditt and 139 miles by rail east of Winnipeg. The stone, a red granite of Archaean (early Precambrian) age, was produced by the Ontario Granite Company, Limited. The bluff in which the opening was made rises about 55 to 60 feet above the level of the railway; the stone was taken out in benches. The sheeting is fairly massive, but varies in places, and has a general dip of 10 degrees to the west. The rift follows the sheeting and the grain is vertical, paralleling the main joints which strike N13 0W. Medium sized blocks can be obtained (4). The stone is a fine grained, even-textured, light pink biotite granite with only a faint gneissoid structure. The colour of the stone is due to the red feldspars, but with the large proportion of quartz, and the biotite present only sparingly, the general colour of the stone is quite light. The rock takes a beautiful polish but there is not much contrast between the different finishes. It was used for monu mental dies and should be suitable for building stone (4) . Geology: The locations of the various quarry openings are shown on the map . Of the four openings, #1 and #2 were quarried for monumental and/or build ing stone and #3 and #4 for rock fill for railway construction. The remains of a plant and several polished granite blocks exist at quarry one. The description in Carr (1955) applies to Quarry #1 only. Three types of granitoid rock are present in the area: a fine to medium grained pink material produced as monuments, a coarse grained pink mat erial with lath shaped feldspar crystals to two cm long and amedium grained purple-brown coloured rock produced in Quarries 3 and 4. Quarry #1: The rock is fine to medium grained massive to very weakly foliated. The colour is uniform pink, sheeting from .3 to 3 metres thickness is developed in the deposit and is particularly evident in the railway cut adjacent to the quarry. The blocks were cut by plug and feather. The over grown state of the working abscures most of the details of the rock. Quarry #2: The upper part of the hill comprises coarse pink granite with large feldspar laths . intruded by a few narrow pegmatites. The fine granite of the Quarry #1 is present along the 34 north edge of the hill. It appears to be a slightly later phase than the coarse granite. Verticle joints oriented 000 i 10 0 and 090 0 to 125 0 occur at wide intervals (4,15 to 6m) . Several pegmatite veins and quartz veins have developed approximately parallel to the jointing. Gneissic schlerein occur near the west limit of the rock exposure. In these schlerein a weak gneissosity trends 105 0 . The coarse material was quarried as a large number of waste blocks are present but the actual opening was not located. The coarse granite has a distinct brown tint. Quarry #3 and 4; These quarries were probably developed for rock fill and were not part of the Ontario Granite company operations. The rock is fine to medium grained, massive biotite granite with a distinct brown-purple colour. Blue quartz accounts for some of this. Sheeting similar to that of the other quarries is evident. Joints 160V90 are developed here. The quarry openings are in the hillside and are quite shallow. Quarries #1 and #2 were opened by the Ontario Granite HISTORY: Company during the 1920©s for the production of monu ments. A plant was operated on the site. Quarries #3 and #4 were probably opened for rock fill during railway construction. NTS Map 52L/1 REFERENCES : Breaks F. W., Bond, W. D. , Mcwilliams, G.H., Gower,C.F., and Findlay, D. 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Gordon-Big Canyon Lakes Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.1031 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology 1974.

Carr, G. F. e 1955: The Granite Industry of Canada; Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys Mines Branch Pub. No. 846

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Figure d. Location map Ontario Granite Company Pariane Quarry. 35

GQ11 WM. HORNE GRANITE COMPANY - BUTLER STATION QUARRY COMMODITY: Granite STATUS: Past Producer

LOCATION: NTS 52G/5NW The deposit is found in Bradshqw Township, District of Kenora, 49 0 27©40" West Longitude 91 0 48©59" North Latitude UTM Grid 585800mE, 5479200mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The Quarries are adjacent to the CPR right of way, they can be reached by a short road estending north from Highway 17 at a point 7.7 km west of Ignace. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by Granitoid rocks of the Indian Lake Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Tanton (1938) . The quarry is described by Tanton (1938) Carr (1955), Hewitt (1964) and is listed in the National Mineral Inventory and is included in Vos et al (1982) . The following description is taken from Hewitt (1964) : Four quarries were observed on a low wooded ridge over a distance of 1/2 mile, all between 100 and 300 yards south of the railway. The most westerly quarry lies 200 yards north of the highway and can be seen from the road across a shallow sandpit. The quarry measures 60 feet by 150 feet and has a maximum depth of 4 feet. The rock is white, massive and medium-grained. Rare small patch pegmatites were noticed beyond the quarry area. Sheeting is horizontal, some what tapering, and thin. Thicknesses of the two sheets being worked varies from 15 to 40 inches. Jointing at N.40 0 E. is spaced at 4 to 8 feet. Jointing at N.70 0W is widely spaced. The planes are commonly marked by a mottled brown and white alteration. Two small timber derricks and a number of freshly cut blocks attest to quarrying activity within the last 10 years. Older quarries to the east worked sheets from l to 4 feet thick to depths of 8 to 12 feet. Blocks were shipped by rail from the nearby Butler siding. Physical properties of the Butler grey granite are :as~ follows: compressive strenght, 26125 p.s.i.; absorption, 0.28 percent; bulk specific gravity, 2.61; weight per cubic foot, 163 pounds; abrasive hardness, 58.0. Geology: The rock is massive light grey to white biotite granite (approximately 5% biotite) There are local variations in grainsize and resultant colour variations. There are a few minor patch pegmatites. A very weak foliation trends north northwest. The predominant joint set in the granite is oriented 110 0 with lessor sets 045 0 and 070 0 . The former are wide spaced (5m or more) while the latter are l to 2 m apart. There are no obvious knots or inclusions in the granite but there are occasional rusty weathering spots on the weathered surface. Some of the waste blocks have a 2 to 5 mm rind of slightly rusty coloured material. The rusty colour is associated with the biotite. 36 The Quarry was opened in 1915 and was operated by HISTORY: Se Wm Horne Granite Company until 1952 with a break from 1943 to 1946. Granite was produced as paving stones and rough blocks for monuments and building stonl The stlps for the Manitoba Legislature build ing were produced from this quarry. Barr and Dyck (1979) briefly describe the operations of the quarry.

REFERENCES NTS Map 52G5 Barr, E., and Dyck, B. ov^-i/i. 1979: Ignace - asaga of the shield, The Prairie Publishing Company, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

i95:e Granite Industry of Canada; Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Mines Branch No. 846.

HeWi 1964?© FBuilding stones of Ontario Part V Granite and Gneiss; Ontario Department of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report 19

Preliminary Report Ignace Sheet southwest Quarter, Kenora District, Ontario, Canada Depart ment of Mines and Resources Mines and Geology Branch, Geological Survey Paper 38-13

^2t© Srial JS^Sfo? Northern Ontario Supplement 1; Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5385, 344p, 3 figures and l table.

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Figure 9. Wm. Hbrne Granite Company Butler Station Quarry, 37

GQ12 UNIVERSAL GRANITE COMPANY LTD. (Vermilion Bay Quarry) COMMODITY: Granite STATUS: Producer LOCATION: NTS 52F/13SE Docker Township, District of Kenora Latitude 49 49©58"N., Longitude 93 30©16"W UTM Grid 463750mE 5519350mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The quarry is located on the northside of Highway 17 between the TransCanada Pipeline and Aaron Lake. A short road connects the quarry with the highway. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The Quarry was opened in a small late granitoid plug in the border area of the Dryberry Dome. Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Pryslak (1969, 1976) and included in reconnaissance scale mapping by Breaks, et al (1975* 1978). The quarry was described by Carr (1955) Guillet , (1964) Pryslak (1976) repeated Quillet©s descrip tion. The deposit is mentioned in Vos et al (1982) Samples from this deposit were examined by Martinson (1952). Excerpts from Guillet follow: The rock is a uniform moderate orange-pink, medium-grained, biotite granite. It is typic ally granitic in texture and is composed of orange-pink feldspar and white to colour less quartz speckled with black mica. A faint gneissosity is apparent in the quarry face but is not readily seen in the hanct specimen. It is due to slight relative enrichments of the three minerals in diffuse alternating bands an inch or so thick striking eastivest and dipping about 12 N. Sheeting in the granite is parallel to the gneissosity and is frequently marked by a pegmatitic layer, l to 2 inches thick, of quartz and feldspar. Small pegmatitic patches within the mass of the rock are not sufficiently frequeent to be deleterious. Staining was not observed on any of the rock surfaces and quartz segregations are absent. The thickness of sheets in the quarry area measured from top to bottom are 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 12, 10 and 4 feet. The two thick sheets form the major producing zone. Jointing is poorly developed in one direction -N. 45 E., and the interval is wide. The joint ing is usually tight, almost healed, and is often marked by a ^-inch bleached zone. The rock breaks well in directions parallel to the jointing and sheeting, and "plug and feather", and black power blasting techniques, are used in these directions. The third direction is difficult and requires channel ling methods to insure a square cut. Geology: The rock is classified as a quartz Monzonite by Mattinson (1952) and granite by Pryslak (1976). The rock is pink, fine to medium grained massive biotite granite. There is a slight layering parallel to the sheeting. This is evidenced by a slight lightening of the pink colour of the feldspar. Biotite is roughly aligned parallel to these layers. This effect .is present in several places in the deposit. When present the layering forms lines 2 cm apart on the surface. 38 Microcline crystals up to l cm form dark pink phenocryst like forms. A Modal analysis from Mattinson (1952) plots as granite in the Streckiesen classification.

HISTORY: The quarry was opened in 1948 by the Vermilion Pink Granite Company. It was reopened in 1954 by the Scotstown Granite Company and operated to I960. It was purchased by the Universal Granite Company in 1971; major production began in 1976, the company is now known as Universal Granite Centre(1976) Ltd.

REFERENCES NTS Map 52F13 Breaks, P. W., Bond, W. D., Mcwilliams, G. H. Gower, C. P., and Findlay, D. 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Gordon-Big Canyon Lakes Sheet, District of Kenora, Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P. 1031 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology 1974. Carr, G. P. 1955: The Granite Industry of Canada; Canada Department of Mines and Technical Sur veys, Mines Branch pub. no. 846. Guillet, G. R. p44-47in Hewitt, D. F. 1964: Building Stones of Ontario Part V Granite and Gneiss; Ontario Department of Mines Industrial Mineral Report No. 19- Mattinson, C. R. 1952: A Study of Certain Canadian Building and Monumental Stones of Igneous Origin Unpublished M Se Thesis McGill University Montreal, Quebec. Pryslak, A. P. 1969: Docker Township, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Preliminary Map P.544 1:15840 Pryslak, A. P. 1976: Geology of the Bruin Lake-edison Lake Area District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines GR130.6lp Accompanied by Maps2302 and 2303. Scale l inch to h mile (1:31.680). and chart. Vos, M. A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario-Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey Open Pile Report 5388, 344 p., 3 figures and l table. 39

GRANITE STUDY AREAS Seventeen areas of granitoid and gabbroic rocks have been isolated as worthy of follow up investigation. These are listed in Table These areas have been mapped and sampled at, at least,a reconnaissance scale; they are to be mapped and sampled in more detail. Further mapping may indicate a viable deposit or may eliminate it from further work. Areas were examined from road exposures and short traverses. All these areas are close to good all weather roads or roads which could be kept open. With the exception of GA7 and GA9 the areas are well exposed. 40

GA l AUSTIN LAKE COMMODITY: Gneissic Granite NTS 52E/16NW LOCATION: The deposit is in Melick Township, District of Kenora Lots 5 and 6 Concession V and Lot 5 concession VI (the location point is in Lot 7 concession V) The intersection between the Austin Lake Road and Highway 659 was taken as a location point. 49 52©46" North Latitude 94 0 24©36" West Longitude UTM Grid 398700mE 5525950mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is 14 km north northest of Kenora and is accessable from Highway 659. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by gneissic rocks intruded by quartz monzonite of English River Subprovince. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Breaks et al (1975) and Gower (1975, 1978) Gower named this area the Austin Granite. Geology: The rock examined is light pink medium to coarse grained biotite granite. It does not have a distinct gneissocity or foliation but there has been segregation of biotite to form nebulitic zones. Biotite composes 5 to 10# of the rock but this can increase to 20# in the nebulitic zones. The nebulitic zones are variable in size up to several metres and are gradational with the non-nebulitic granite. The colour is variable over relatively small distances. Gower (1978) states: "Biotite schlieren, areas of of quartz diorite, nebulitic, angular-to-lenticular patches of biotite-rich tonalite and amphibolite are common and oriented parallel to the long axis of the body." (north east). Two generations of two feldspar pegmatites of similar composition cut the granite. These form narrow dikes (less than 30 cm) of random orientation. The contacts of the pegmatites with the granite and each other are sharp. The predominant joint directions are 030 and 135 . The spacing of the joints is variable most are 3 ni apart but joints as close as 30 cm were seen. North of the sample location the rock becomes more gneissic and inclusion rich the gneissosity becomes more prevalent roughly east- north east (070 to 075 ) dipping moderately north ward (50 0 ). HISTORY: There has been no known quarrying in this area. Several small farms are located on pattented lots. REFERENCES NTS Map 52E/16 Gower, C.F. 1975: Geology and Tectonic Evolution of the English River Gneiss Belt in the Jaffray Melick Area near Kenora, North western Ontario; McMaster University Department of Geology Tech-Memo 75-8 1978: The tectonic and Petrogenetic History of Archean rocks from the Kenora Area, English River subprovince, Northwest Ontario; Unpublished Ph d Thesis, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario (copy on file in Kenora Resident Geologist Office) Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., McWilliam, G. H. Gower, and Stone, Denver. 1975; Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Kenora- Minaki Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Prelim. Map P.1030 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to mile or 1:63,360. Geology 197^. 41

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Figure 10. Austin Lake Area Map from Claim Map M2012 Melick Township 42

GA2 BLINDFOLD LAKE

COMMODITY: Pink Granite LOCATION: NTS 52F/5NE This deposit is located in LeMay Township 24km southeast of Kenora. Sample Location 82-56 is taken as the location point 49 39©4V North Latitude 94 12 f 15" West Longitude UTM Grid 4l3150mE 5501550mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is crossed by Highway 71 and several short dryweather roads leading to a microwave tower, a gravel pit and recent logging areas. DESCRIPTION; Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks of a marginal lobe on the west side of the Dryberry Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped in part by Suffel (193D and Trowell(1979) and Trowell et al (1980) Geology: The rock is massive pink biotite granite, medium to coarse in grainsize with occasional feld spar crystals to 2 cm. There are occasional black knots, and narrow irregular pegmatite and aplite dikes cutting the granite in several places. Jointing directions show considerable variation but the two major directions are east northeast and southeast. The colour varies medium pink to pale pink over a distance of half a km. The type locality for this granite is the vicinity of the hydroline where it crosses Highway 71 (see fig. ) Here the granite is deep rosy pink in colour with minorepidote in the joints. Petrology: The rock polishes well with a minimum differenticial abrasion or mineral plucking. The colour of the polished surface is rosey pink with a definite brown tone. The mafic min erals form a very weak sense of foliation. The quartz is clear and colourless. The feldspar is white to light brown somewhat cloudy in appearance. The colour is primarily due to hematite surround ing the grains and staining the feldspar. The mafic mineral is biotite. Epidote is found associ ated with the biotite. A few grains of magnetite are present. HISTORY: There is no record of any extraction of this stone. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/5 Suffel, G.G 1931: Geology of the Bigstone Bay Area, Lake of the Woods, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report vol. 39 part 3 for 1930 p 57 to 71 Trowell, N. F. 1979: Gibi Lake Area, District of Kenora; p.31 to 34 in Summary of Field work, 1979, by the Ontario Geological Survey, edited by V. G. Milne, O. L . White, R. B. Barlow, and C. R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 90, 245 p. Trowell, N. F. Logothetis, J and Caldwell, G. F. 1980: Gibi Lake Area, District of Kenora; p. 17-20 in Summary of Field Work, 1980 by the Ontario Geological Survey, edited by V. G. MilneO.L. White, R. B. Barlow, J. A. Robertson and A. C. Colvine, Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous Paper 96, 201 p. 43

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Figure II. Blindfold Lake Granite Area 41

GA 3 FORGOTTON LAKE

COMMODITY: Brown Granite LOCATION: NTS 52L/1SW The deposit is located 9 km north of Redditt The outlet of Forgotten Lake was taken as a location point 50 04©23" North Latitude 94 21©42" West Longitude UTM Grid 402^50mE 5547400mN Zone 15- ACCESS: The area is crossed by a good forest access road that extends north from the town of Redditt. (Redditt Road) DESCRIPTION Geological Setting: The area is underlain by a porphyritic quartz monzonite phase of the Lount Lake Batholith Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped at a reconaissance scale by Breaks et al (1975), Breaks et al (1978)and is included on a compliation map by Thurston and Bartlett(1981) Geology: The rock is exposed in a ridge which trends roughly eastwest. The area has not yet been completely evaluated. The rock is white weathering light brown biotite granitoid. It is porphyritic with brown feldspar phenocrysts to 2 cm inlength in a medium grained matrix. There are two predominant joint directions 030 and 130 both are verticle. The joints are spaced 2 to 3 metres. Sheeting was not exposed. HISTORY: The area has not been quarried. Recent logging operations have provided good road access from Redditt. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52L/1 Breaks, F.W. Bond, W. D.,McWilliam, G.H.,Gower, C.F., and Stone, Denver. 1975- Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Kenora- Minaki Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.1030 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360 Geology 1974. Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., and Denver Stone 1978: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, Northwestern Ontario and Its Bearing Upon Mineral Exploration; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP 72,55p. Accompanied by Map P.1971,Scale 1:253440. Thurston, P. C. and Bartlett, J.R. 1981: Lower English River Sheet, Kenora District, Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P. 2394, Compilation Series, Scale 1:126720 or l inch to 2 miles. Compilation 1978. 45

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Figure 12 Forgotten Lake Area 46 GA 4 404 ROAD COMMODITY: Pink Granite LOCATION: NTS 52C/13NW, 52D/16NE The deposit Is located in eastern Rowe Township, District of Rainy River. Samole 82-69 Is taken as a location point. 48 57*56" North Latitude, 93 59©13" West Longitude UTM Grid 427800mE 5423850mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is crossed by an unmaintained gravel road (404 Road) that extends west from highway 71 at a point 3-3 km south of the north boundary of Menary Township. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks of the Sabaskong Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Blackburn(1976) and Lawson(1888) Blackburn describes part of the batholith as follows: The central parts of the batholith are exposed in the extreme northwestern corner of the map- area, but a good portion of its margin is located in contact with the mafic rocks of the metavolcanic belt. Outcrop density is poor within the map-area , but from field evidence the batholith appears homogeneous at the periphery, dominantly trondhjemitic and only weakly foliated, but near its centre It is gneissic, with mafic schlieren and rather chaotic folding. Biotite is the dominant and usually the only mafic mineral, and in the peri pheral zone biotite occurs in "books" of up to lcm size. In hand speciment the rock has a greyish appearance on the weathered surface. On fresh surfaces, biotite, quartz, plagioclase, and minor amounts of epidote are easily seen. In thin-section, the typical granitic texture is seen. Plagioclase Is usually subhedral, and twinned according to carlsbad, albite, and pericline laws. Zoning, usually weak, is com mon in both twinned and untwinned individuals, and occasionally is of oscillatory type; the range seems to confined within the limits of oligoclase. Quartz occurs in discrete areas of sutured, strained grains, and also inter- stitially. Biotite occurs usually as ragged anhedral to subhedral laths, commonly bent and strained, and varies from brown to olive green in colour. Epidote is often present, both as a secondary product, associated with sericite, ft f alteration of plagioclase,and in euhedral grains of probable primary origin. Microcline, though always minor is invariably present, interstitial to the plagioclase, and associated with myrmekite. Geology: The area examined comprised light pinkish grey medium grained biotite ©granite©. There are three predominant joint sets 120*to 145/85 E, 3 m or more apart 030 /85 E 1.5 m or more apart and 080 to 090 /85 S. The outcrop surface is lichen covered but does not appear to have great textural variations. There is no obvious foliation and only a few small knots in evidence. Outcrops of similar granite farther west have occasional quartz veins and narrow aplite dikes.

HISTORY: There is no recorded bedrock extraction but several small gravel pits are present. The area was logged several years ago and the road system dates from this. 47 REFERENCES: NTS Maps 52C/13, 52D/16 Blackburn, C. E. 1976: Geology of the Off Lake-Burditt Lake Area, District of Rainy River, Ontario Div. Mines, GR140, 62p. Accompanied by Map 2325, scale l inch to l mile (1:63,360). Lawson, A. C. 1888: Report on the Geology of the Rainy Lake Region; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report Vol. 3 part l p IF to 182F. 48

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COMMODITY: Pink Granite LOCATION: NTS 52E/9NE The deposit is located in northeastern Kirkup Township, District of Kenora. The intersection of Highways 17 and 71 was taken as a location point 49 43©32"North Latitude 94 0 l4©53" West Longitude UTM Grid 4lOOOOmE 5508650 mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The deposit is crossed by Highway 71. DESCRIPTION; Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks on the margin of the Dryberry Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has not been mapped but is included in a compilation by Blackburn et al (1981). Geology: The deposit is a small probably lensoid body of medium to coarse grained pink quartz and feldspar porphyritic granite. Each type of phenocryst makes up 3 to 5# of the rock with local increases in quartz phenocrysts up to 25/5. The rock is massive but has joints at 1m or less spacing. Major Joint sets are 000 /65 0E, 065 0/ subvertical, 160 735 S. There are occasional quartz veins. The grainsize and phenocryst content increases to the south. The south contact of the body is well exposed. Here the host rock is a gneissic migmatite. Several narrow dikes of the porphyry intrude the gneiss parallel to the contact. Where it is exposed on the highway the contact trends 075 790 . Petrology: The rock is salmon pink in colour and polishes well. The ground mass is l to 2mm pink feldspar and quartz with minor epidote. Most of the colour is due to pink feldspar with only a small amount of it due to hematite stain. The quartz phenocrysts are clear, colourless and up to lcm in diameter, although most are up to 5 to 8mm. The feldspar phencrysts are zoned and are similar in size to the quartz phenocrysts. HISTORY: There is no record of rock being quarried in this area. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52E/9 Blackburn, E. E., Beard, R. C. and Rivett, S. 1981: Kenora-Fort Frances Geological Compilation Series; Ontario Geological Survey Map 2443 Scale 1:253,440.

Figure 14- Junction Granite

Shape of body is inferred. North and South boundaries are confirmed but east and west are not.

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l Ml 50 GA 6 GRANITE LAKE AREA

COMMODITY: Granite LOCATION: NTS 52E/10NW The deposit is found in the northwest part of Boys Township, District of Kenora. The north east bay of Granite Lake was taken as a location point 49 42©43" North Latitude, 94 O 51©32" West Longitude UTM Grid 366000mE, 5508lOOmN Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is 28 km west of Kenora and is crossed by Highway 17. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped in part by Greer (1930), Thomson (1936) and as part of a larger study by Vagt (1968). who called these rocks the Granite Lake porphyry. Geology: The Granite Lake Porphyry is an oval shaped body 4.5 km long and 3 km wide. The rock is pink to greyish pink in colour with pink feldspar phenocrysts up to 2 cm. There are black well rounded inclusions of amphibolite. Inclusions make up 1# of the granite (Vagt 1968) There is a weak but persistant foliation 070 to 080 evidenced by allignment of biotite flakes. This foliation varies in intensity but can be found in many parts of the granite. Mapping by Vagt (1968) indicates a northeast trending fault cutting the central part of the body; in addition to this he shows other lineaments also interpreted as faults. Vagt shows several north - northeast foliations paralleling the northeast lineaments. There are several major steeply dipping to vertical joint sets oriented north west and norths-north west Vagt indicates the dominant sets are 048 and 122 . The spacing of the joints varies from 0.5 to 3 m, but l to 1.5 m is common. Sheeting varies from 0.3 to l m. The west end of the body shows thin sheeting particularly well. There are widely spaced zones of very close sheeting about 0.3 thick spaced 3 to 6 m apart. Petrology: The rock is a hornblende biotite grandiorite (Vagt 1968) with microcline pheno crysts. Phenocrysts make up 5# of the rock; these have numerous biotite inclusions. The pink colour is due primarily to fine hematite surround ing and staining the feldspar. Most of the felspar is very pale pink in colour. Epidote is evident associated with the mafic minerals. Hematite forms discrete dark pink spots on the feldspar. HISTORY: There has been no recorded rock quarrying in this area. Numerous cottages are found on Lake of the Woods and near the communities ofClearwater Bay and Granite Lake. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/10 Greer,L. 1931: Geology of the Shoal Lake (West) Area District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 39 pt 3 F or 1930 p42-56. 51

Thomson, J. E. 1937: Geology of the North Central Part of the Lake of the Woods; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Volume 45 pt 3 for 1936 p l to 43- Vagt, G. O. 1968: The Tectonic Significance of some intru sive rocks in the Kenora-Westhawk Lake Area, Ontario; unpublished M Se Thesis University of Manitoba.

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Figure 15 Granite Lake Area Map from Vagt (1968) Legend 9c Gneissic Granodiorite Gp Granite Lake Porphyry l Metavolcanics GA 7 MARCHINGTON RIVER AREA

COMMODITY: Granite LOCATION: NTS 52J/6SW The area is located east of the Marchington River. District of Kenora. The north tip of Yet Lake was taken as a location point. 50 18©43" North Latitude 91 19©3^" West Longitude. UTM Grid 6l9100mE 557ff-00mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The area is 40 km northeast of Sioux Lookout and is crossed by the Marchington Lake Access Road. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks of the Yett Lake stock. Previous Geological Work: The area has received no detailed geological mapping. Moore (1910) outlined the granitoid and metavolcanic areas, Hudec (1965) mapped granitoid rocks north of the Yett Lake stock. Trussler (1982) has mapped the east part of the Yett Lake stock. The area is included in a compilation by Breaks (1980). Geology: The rock is pink to pinkish grey biotite granite with blue quartz. The granite is exposed in a few low outcrops,, most of the area covered by extensive sandy overburden deposits. Mafic inclusions up to 10cm long are common. The biotite content tends to form small clots. A weak foliation 040 0 to 060 780 S is the result of biotite align ment. Jointing is extensive usually spaced about l m with some joint sets very closely spaced. The predominant directions are north east and east- south east. Minor pyrite can be found in some of the joint. HISTORY: There has been no quarrying in this area. Recent logging operations have provided road access. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52J/6 Breaks, P.W. 1980: Sioux Lookout - Armstrong sheet, Geo logical compilation series; Ontario Geological Survey Map 2442 scale 1:253440 Hudec, P.P. 1965: Geology of Highstone Lake-Miniss Lake Area, Districts of Kenora and Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines Geological Report GR32. Moore, E.S. 1910: Lake Savant Iron Range Area; Ontario Bureau of Mines Annual Report Vol. 19 part l p 173-192. Trussler, J.R. 1982: Farrington Lake Area; Ontario GEological Survey Preliminary Map P 996 (refc.). 53

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GA 8 MULCAHY LAKE STOCK

COMMODITY: Black Granite LOCATION: NTS 52F/11SW The area is southwest of Dryden in the District of Kenora. The southwest end of Mulcahy Lake was taken as a location point. 49 35 ©39" North Latitude 93 22©15" West Longitude UTM Grid 473150 mE 5^93350mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The area is accessable by road as shown on Fig. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The Mulcahy Lake stock is a pear shaped body of anorthositic gabbro surrounded by granitoid rocks. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Moorhouse (19^1) and Davies and Watowich (1958). The Mulcahy Lake Stock in particular has been described by Blackburn (1978), Brown (1980) and Davies (1966) Geology: The intrusive body has a maximum width of 7 km and a overall length of 17km, the main part of the body is 7 km wide and 9 km long. Bedrock exposure is good over much of the main part of the body. The body trends northeast and has definate layering present in many parts of it. These layers range from l to 10cm and occasionally up to 20 cm. They show sharp contacts with the adjacent layers and internal mineralogiccal grading with mafic minerals on the south (bottom) of the layer and plagioclase towards the north (top) of the layer. The layering is present in many parts of the body (Davies 1966) Blackburn (1978) but two sites sampled (82-179, 82-180) are apparently massive, and may be large enough to produce ©black granite©. The presence of sul phide mineralization in many parts of the body is detrimental to its use. Mapping by Nahrain (Assess ment files A-l) indicates that sulphides are found in zones conformable with the layering of the body. Alteration in the body is minor (Davfesl9oo; but tends to be strongest close to the margins. Jointing in the gabbro is variable in spacing from less than 1m to between l and 2m in the parts of the body examined. Predominant joint directions are north northeast and east southest to southeast. HISTORY: There has been no quarrying activity in this area but parts of the body have been investigated for base metal potential. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/11 Black burn, C.E. 1978: Populus Lake-Mulcahy Lake Area, District of Kenora; p. 36-39 in Summary of Field Work 1978, by the Ontario Geological Survey, edited by V. G. Milne, 0. L. White, R. B. Barlow and J. A.Robertson, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 82. Davies, J.C. 1966: The Petrology and Geochemistry of Basic Intrusive Rocks Kakagi Lake- Wabigoon Lake Area District of Kenora, Ontario; unpublished Ph d Thesis, Univerisity of Man. Davies, J. C. and Watowich, S. N. 1958: Geology of the Populus Lake Area, Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Volume 55 pt 4 for 1956 accompanied by Map 1956-3. 55 Moorhouse, W. W. 1941: Geology of the Eagle Lake Area; Ont ario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol. 48 part 4 for 1939. Brown, P. A. 1980: Research Potential of the Mulcahy Lake Gabbro near Dryden in Northwestern Ontario; Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Tech nical Record TR-93- Assessment Files MNR Resident Geologist©s Office Kenora: Falconbridge Nickel Mines Line Lake D-3; Canadian Pacific Railway Co. Beaverhouse Lake Area B-l; M.J. Boylen Line Lake A-l

O -J

Figure 17. Mulcahy Lake a -ea VCTT 56

GA 9 NABISH LAKE

COMMODITY: Black Granite LOCATION: NTS 52F/10NW The deposit is located 17 km southwest of Dryden District of Kenora. Sample 82-186 was taken as a location point. 49 38©58" North Latitiude Q2 o c;fi © 12"i 3 " WestWOC-H Longituder./ UTM Grid 504500mE 5499400mN, Zone 15. ACCESS: The area is crossed by logging roads. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by gabbro©"rocks which have intruded metavolcanics to the west and have been intruded by granitoid rocks on the east. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Moorhouse (19*fl) and Satterly (1943). The gabbro has been studied by Davies(1966) and has been explored for base metal mineralization (Assessment Files MNR Resident GEologist©s office Kenora) Geology: The Nabish Lake gabbro is a poorly exposed altered gabbro body surrounding Nabish Lake. The southern extention of the gabbro has been intimately injected by granodorite and is devoid of primary structure (Davies 1966). The gabbro has a weak layering similar to that found in the Mulcahy Lake area. The trend of this layering varies as shown by Davies (1966) The gabbro varies in grainsize from medium (2mm) to coarse (10mm). Minor felsite and mafic dikes were seen cutting the gabbro. One exposure of the gabbro is feldspar porphyritic. Davies(1966) describes the texture and alteration in detail. In summary he found two types of gabbro based on texture. One has plagioclase in a parallel arrangement of subhedral crystals.,the other has diversly oriented plagioclase. All pyroxenes have been altered to amphibole some of which is fibrous. The plagioclase is altered to sericite and epidote to varying degrees. HISTORY: The rock has not been quarried but extensive exploration for copper and nickel mineralization has taken place. The present road access is due to logging operations. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/10 Assessment Files MNR Resident Geologist©s Office Kenora. Davies, J. C. 1966: Petrology and Chemistry of Basic Intrusives Kakagi Lake-Wabigoon; unpublished Ph d Thesis University of Manitoba. Moorhouse, W. W. 19*11: Geology of the Eagle Lake Area, Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Volume 48 part 4 for 1939. Satterly, J. 1943: Geology of the Dryden-Wabigoon Area; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Volume 50 part 2 for 1941. 57

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Figure 13, Nabish Lake Area,geology after Davies (1966) Legend: 3 Gabbroic rocks 2 Granitoid rocks l Metavolcanics 58

GA 10 PERRAULT PALLS

COMMODITY: Granite LOCATION: NTS 52K/6SE Perrault Palls, District of Kenora. The Highway bridge at Perrault Palls was taken as a location point. 50 20 T 36"North Latitude, 93 08©56" West Longitude. UTM Grid 489^00mE, 5576600mN Zone 15

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1 0 1 Ml

Figure Perrault Falls Area ACCESS: The granite body is crossed by Highway 105 and Wabaskang Lake . DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by migmatitic metasediment s of the English River Subprovince . Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Breaks et al (1976) and the granite body has been studied by Morin (1970) and Morin and Turnock (1975) Geology: The granite has a pink medium grained ground mass with biotite rich clots. The ground mass is uniform pink in colour with occasional megacryst^ to 2cm. The colour is due to pale pink feldspar and minor hematite. The quartz is clear, colourless to grey; the felspars are clear pale pink in colour. The clots are l to 15 cm with 2 to 4 cm as a common size. The mineralogy of the ground mass is microcline- perthite 7558, quartz 15# plagioclase 5*fc, biotite 3*fc, garnet 35?, muscovite 2# and minor silli manite zircon, myrmekite and hematite (Morin 1970). Modes published by Morin and Trunock (1975) for the ground mass indicate that it is a granite in composition. The average composition by Morin (1970) plots as a quartz alkali feldspar St venite. (field 3 on the sStreckeisen classification) The clots are composed of biotite muscovite, quartz, sillimanite, garnet minor hematite, microcline, 1 rutile and zircon (Morin 1970) The granite contains inclusions of the country rock and minor pegmatite veins and dikes. Joints and fractures are 0.5 to 1.5m appart in the outcrops adjacent to the road. The material sampled was badly fractured due to blasting.

HISTORY: The rock h.as not been quarried. 59

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52K/6 Breaks, F .W., Bond, WJD.,, Westerman, C.J. and Desnoyers,, D-W.. 1976: Operation: Kenora-Ear Falls, Perrault Lake Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines Prelim. Map P.1201, Geol. Ser., scale 1:63 360 or l inch to l mile. Geology 1975. Morin, J. A. 1970: Fetology of the Cloty Granite, Perrault Palls, Ontario; Unpublished M Se Thesis University of Manitoba. Morin, J. A. and Turnock A. C. 1975: The Clotty Granite at Perrault Palls, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 13 P 352-357- 60

GA 11 PINE ROAD COMMODITY: Pink Granite NTS 52F/13SW, 52F/12NW LOCATION: The area is south of Pine Station on the CPR west of Vermilion Bay District of Kenora. Sample 82-161 was taken as a location point 940 47©15" West Longitude, 49 45©04" North Latitude UTM Grid 443300mE 5511000mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is crossed by the Winnange Lake Forest Management Area road (Pine Road). This road extends south from Highway 17 at a point 1.6 km west of the east boundary of Tustin Township. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: This area is underlain by granitoid rocks of the Dryberry Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has not been mapped. Geology: There are two zones of massive pink granite in this area. The first occurs in the vicinity of Sample 82-158. This rock is pink medium grained biotite granite with abundant homogeneous pink to red biotite quartz microcline pegmatite patches. There are large schlerein and mafic inclusions. There is no obvious foliation and no joints. Overburden is thin and patchy. The second area is the vicinity of samples 82-161 and 82-163. The rock is deep pink biotite granite. Large amounts of it are massive and free of joints. There are a few schlerein and small patch pegmatites. The few joints that are present are oriented 000 , 050 and 100 all are vertical. They are widely spaced, only one of each of the 000 and 100 joints was noted in the sample area (82-163). Petrology: Sample 82-158 is pink fine grained biotite granite with pegmatitic patches. The rock has a weak foliation due to allignment of biotite flakes. Biotite makes up 3 to 555 of the rock but occasionally occurs in small knots. The pegmatite is composed primarily of pink feld spar with 5 to 105? quartz, and accessory biotite, magnetite and apatite. Sample 82-162 is massive fine to medium grained (2-5mm) deep pink granite. It polishes well. It contains 3 to 5/5 biotite, clear colourless quartz and white to clear feld spar (microcline). Much of the colour is due to fine disseminated hematite. HISTORY: The granite has not been quarried. The area has been logged recently and large outcrop areas are exposed from this work.

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/13 52F/12 Blackburn, C. EJ. , Beard, R. C.; and Rivett S. 1981: Kenora-Fort Frances Geological Compil ation Series; Ontario Geological Survey Map 2443 Scale 1:253440. 61

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Figure 20 Pine Road Area Stipple indicates areas of massive granite. GA 12 REVELL BATHOLITH

COMMODITY: Grey Granite LOCATION: NTS 52P/9SW, SE The deposit is located in the southern part of Revell Township, District of Kenora. An old pit in Lot 8 Concession II was taken as the location point. 49 0 33©55" North Latitude 92 0 13 T 55" West Longitude. UTM Grid 555550mE, 5^90400mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The north part of the Revell Batholith is crossed by Highway 17 and the Revell River. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The Revell Batholith is an elongate granitoid body emplaced in predominantly mafic metavolcanics. Previous Geological Work: The north part of the batholith has been mapped by Satterly (I960) and Mcinnes (1906), the west part by Kresz et al (1982) Thomson (1934) and Guindon (1979). Satterly describes the deposit as follows: In the Dyment area the granodiorite mass is remarkably uniform in composition. The rock is quite massive, and foliation was only observed near the margins of the batholith. The granodiorite is a pink and white to grey, medium-to almost coarse-grained rock composed essentially of oligoclase, microcline, quartz biotite (see Table IV, specimens Nos. l, 122) Muscovite may be present, associated with biotite. Parts of the oligoclase are replaced by clusters of white mica and clinozoisite. The biotite forms large flakes or cluster of flakes usually accompanied by the accessory minerals epidote, apatite, sphene, and rarely zircon. A few flakes of molydenite were seen in the granodiorite on the Dryden Paper Company©s road in lot 6,concession III, Revell township. Geology: The Revell Batholith is a north north west trending elongate granitoid body. It is apparently contiguous with a large area of granitoid plutons extending from Highway 502 in the west to the Keweenawan diabase sills near Lake Nipigon. The rock is fine to medium grained, white biotite granodiorite. The rock is massive with an equigro- mular texture. Joints are for the most part wide spaced (3m or more). Predominant directions are north and south east with a lessor direction east northeast. There are no obvious inclusion in the outcrop examined although mapping by Satterly (I960) indicates a large roof pendant in south central Revell Township. Foliation in absent except in a narrow zone along the contact. The biotite content is 5 to 10/S. Petrology: The rock polishes well. The quartz is clear, colourless; the feldspars are colourless to white, some show distinct zoning on the polished specimen. Surface samples show a small amount of orange-brown stain associated with biotite and one outcrop near the north contact of the body showed a lcm weathered rind under thick moss and vegetation cover. Modal analyses published by Satterly (I960) are found in Table 63 TABLE IV MODAL ANALYSES

Locality Quartz Plagioclase Microcline Biotite Accessories

percent percent percent percent percent Revell tp. con II, lot 8(hwy. No. 17) 27.7 49.7 12.0 8. 2 2. 4 Ftevell tp. con. III , lot 12 32.8 51.9 8.7 5- 6 1. 0

HISTORY: A very small quarry 4.5 by 12 m. by 1m deep was found in a large outcrop on the south side of Highway 17 at the intersection with the Basket Lake Road. The history of this quarry is unknown. Several small pits have been sunk for gold explor ation and molybdenum exploration near the margins of the batholith. REFERENCES NTS Map 52F/8 and 52F/9 Guindon, D. L. 1979: Petrology and Geochemistry of the Church Lake Area, Northwestern Ontario; Unpublished BSc Thesis Queen©s University. Kresz D. U. Blackburn C. E., and Fraser F. G. 1982: Precabrian Geology of the Kawashegamuk Lake Area, Eastern Part Kenora District Ont ario Geological Survey, Map P 2570,Geological Series-Preliminary Map scale l: 15840 or l inch to \ mile Geology 1980,1981. Mcinnes, W. 1906: Districts of Rainy River and Thunder Bay (Ignace Sheet); Geological Survey of Canada Map 663 scale 4 mi to l inch. Satterly, J. I960: Geology of the Dyment Area, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report vol 69 part 6 I960 accompanied by Map 1960H Thomson, J. E. 1934: Geology of the Manitou-Stormy Lakes area; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol XLII pt 4 for 1933 pi to 40. 64

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Figure 21. Revell Batholith, geology from OGS map 24/^3. Legend 10 Diabase 9 Granitoid B Monzonite-diorite /JMafic intrusive rocks PJMetasediments 7) 2VMetavolcanics l) 65 GA 13 ROUGHROCK LAKE/CYNET LAKE AREA COMMODITY: Pink/red Granite LOCATION: NTS 52L/2SW The area Is approximately 13 km by road north of Minaki, District of Kenora. The location point for this area is taken as the intersection between Highway 525 and the Cygnet Lake Road 50 02©41" North Latitude, 94 47*01" West Longitude UTM Grid 372300mE, 5544850mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The area is reached by Highway 525 which extends north from Minaki to Caribou Palls. The location point is 10.8 km from the south end of Highway 525. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by Granitoid rocks of the Lount Lake Batholith comples. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Breaks et al (1975), (1978) at a reconnaisance scale and included in a compilation by Thurston and Bartlett (1981) Geology: The area is in two parts. The south part is around Cygnet Lake Road, the north part is l km north of the Cygnet Lake road. The granite exposed in the south part of the area is deep pink to red medium grained. There are occasional small pegmatitic patches. Joints are spaced 4.5 m and greater, often occuring in pairs spaced a few centimetres apart, sheeting Is 1m thick In the exposed outcrops and probably thickens with depth. The dominant joint directions are 125 and 050 with a lessor direction 000 all are vertical. The massive granitoid area is approximately l km in width centred on sample site 82M11. The granite at the extremeties of this area begomes paler in colour and weakly foliated 060 to 070 . There are numerous biotite schlerein in the bound ary areas. The north granitoid area is exposed in a high ridge north of the highway. The rock is a deep pink biotite granite somewhat lighter in colour than the south granite. Jointing is closer (2 to 3m) sheeting is about 1m. The major joint direct ions are 125*to 130 , 040 and 020. The contact between this granitoid body and the gneissic mignatite rocks occurs 200m west of the quarry site. There are more patch pegmatites and schlerein close to the contact. This granite Is more vari able in grainsize from 4 m up to l or 2m than the south granite. Petrology: Both granites polish well. The biotite content is 3 to 5# on average. In both granites the quartz is clear and colourless, much of the feldspar is clear colourless, white or pale pink. The deeper pink is due to hematite both dis seminated and surrounding the grains. The south granite sample contain up to 1# disseminated interstitial magnetite. The deep colour is due to extensive hematite surrounding the grains. HISTORY: The north granite was quarried for rock fill during highway construction. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52L/2 Breaks, P.W., Bond, W. E., Mcwilliams, G.H., Gower, C.P., and Stone, Denver. 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Kenora- Minaki Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.1030 Qeol. Ser., Scale l in. to l mi. or 1:63,360. Geology 1974. 66

Thurston, P.O., and Barlett, J.R. 1981: Lower English River Sheet, Kenora District: Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P. 2394, Compilation Series, Scale 1:126720 or l inch to 2 miles. Compilation 1978.

Boulet, R. 1983: Building and Ornamental Stone Field Reconnaissance Program; Tri-Municipal Economic Development Commission, Ke-nora, Ontario. Breaks, F. r.7^, Bond, "rf.D.,, and Denver Stone 197S: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, Northwestern Ontario and its Bearing Upon Mineral Exploration; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP?2, 55p. Accompanied by Map P.1971, scale 1:253 440.

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1 Ml

Figure 22. Roughrock Lake/Cygnet Lake Area. Stipple indicates approximate areas of uniform granite sanple 82 Mil is described in Boulet(1983) 67

GA 14 SAND LAKE ROAD COMMODITY: Granite LOCATION: NTS 52L/2NW The area is north of Sand Lake District of Kenora Sample site 82-M-41 was used as a location point 50 09©25" North Latitude 940 44©48" West Longitude UTM Grid 375200mE, 5557400mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is crossed by the Sand Lake road which leaves Highway 525 35-3 km from the intersection with Highway 596 at Minaki. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks of the Lount Lake Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Breaks et al (1975, 1978) at a reconaissance scale and included in a compilation by Thurston and Bartlett (1981). Boulet (1983) examined parts of the are.; . Geology: The granite exposed in this area has been examined at a reconaissance level only. The rock is pink to brown biotite ©granite©. The granite is massive in areas up to l km wide. There are a few fractures but these are very widely spaced and do not appear to have a regular pat tern. There are a few small patches of pegmatites. The colour remains uniform over the areas of exposure. The granite polished well, sample 82M41 is brown in colour. The quartz is clear, colourless; the -feldspar is clear to creamy white and a few crystals are zoned. There is 3 to 5% biotite and accessory magnatite. The colour is due to hematite. 82-M samples have been described in Boulet (1983) HISTORY: The area around sample 82 M 41 has not been quarried but a small quarry for crushed stone was operated 5 km to the west of this area. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52L/2 Boulet, R. 1983: Building and Ornamental Stone Field Reconnaisance Program; Tri-Municipal Economic Development Commission, Kenora, Ontario. Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., Mcwilliams, G. H. Gower, C. F,, and Stone, Denver. 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Kenora Minaki Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.1030 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology 197^. Breaks, F. W., Bond. W. D., and Denver Stone. 1978: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, Northwestern Ontario and its Bearing Upon Mineral Exploration; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP72,55p. Accompanied by Map P.1971, Scale 1:253440. Thurston, P.C. and Bartlett, J. R. 1981: Lower English River Sheet, Kenora District; Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P.2394. Compilation Series, Scale 1: 126720 or l inch to 2 miles. Compilation 1978. 68

Figure 23. Location Map Sand Lake Area 69

GA 15 VERMILION BAY GNEISS COMMODITY: Gneiss (Granite) LOCATION: 52F/13SW The area is in the south part of Docker Town ship. 10 km west of Vermilion Bay. Sample location 82-110 was taken as a location point 49 49©12" North Latitude, 93 30 f 21" West Longitude. UTM Grid 463600mE, 55l8500mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The area is crossed by Highway 17- DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by migmatitic rocks enclosed in the Dryberry Batholith, Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Pryslak (1976). Geology: The rocks are gneissic with a well developed Gneissosity. The gneissosity is shallow dipping toward the east (Pryslak indicate dips of 15/6); it often undulates. There are melanocratic biotite rich layers 2mm to 1.5Cm. with up to 6011, biotite alternating with pink leucocratic layers often appear pegmatitic. Lit par lit pegmatite has intruded in many places. Parts of the outcrop with many lit par lit pegmatites do not show as even and regular layering as those parts that do not have lit par lit pegmatites. The gneissosity carries through some of these pegmatites as ghosts, The rock splits along the biotite layers. There is a good colour contrast between the layers. The shallow dip makes the leucocratic and pegmatite layers seem to be predominant when the area is examined on the surface. The true nature of the rock is only evident in road cuts, and verticle outcrop surfaces. Joints are not evident in much of the outcrop, those that are present are spaced 2m apart. The predominant direction is 125 . Sheeting is 1m thick and is parallel to the gneissosity. HISTORY: The area has not been quarried for gneiss but the Vermilion Bay Granite is 0.5 km east of this rock. REFERENCES NTS Map 52F/13 Pryslak, A.P. 1976: Geology of the Bruin Lakes- Edison Lake Area, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines Geological Report GR130. 70

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Figure 24. Location Map Vermilion Bay Gneiss, area of gneissic rock is shown by stipple. 71 GA16 WHITEDOG

COMMODITY: Pink Granite LOCATION: NTS 52L/2SW The area is located at Whitedog Palls on highway 525. The old crushed stone quarry is used as a location point. 50 06©30" North Latitude 94 52©06" West Longitude UTM 366300mE, 5552100m|/ Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is crossed by Highway 525 and is 31 km from Minaki.

DESCRIPTION; Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks partly of the northern extension of the Dalles Batholith and partly of the Tetu Lake Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Breaks et al (1975, 1978) and included in a compilation by Thurston and Bartlett (1981) Geology: The granite of interest is a tongue 800 m wide and 4 km long that trends west southwest just south of Whitedog Palls hydro elect ric dam. The granite is predominantly red in colour. There are numerous inclusions and schlerein near the edges of the body. Jointing in the granite is wide spaced (3m and greater). The major directions are north east, east southeast and southeast with the east southeast direction pre dominant. The granite is well exposed in strip ping and a large quarry (for crushed stone). The granite in the quarry shows colour variation from red to grey-red minor patch pegmatites. The quarry and stripings are near the edge of the body and the granite seems to improve toward the centre. Sheeting where exposed in the quarry is 0.3 to 0.6 m at the top of the opening. The adjacent granite is part of the Tetu Lake Batholith and is pink to brown-red in colour often with abundant nebulitic schlerein. A sample of typical red material from the quarry was examined. It polishes well. The quartz is clear and colourless, the feldspar is pink-red due to hematite. There is about 2# biotite in this piece. The colour is from the red feldspar, disseminated hematite is not present in this sample. HISTORY: The granite was quarried for concrete agregate during the construction of the Whitedog Falls Dam but has not been quarried for dimension stone. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52L/2 Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., Mcwilliams, G. H., Gower, C. F., Findlay, D., and Stone, Denver. 1975© Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Umfre- ville-Separation Lakes Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. of Mines, Prelim. Map P.1028 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology 1974. Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., Mcwilliams, G. H., Gower, C. P., and Stone, Denver. 1975: Operation Kenora-Minaki Sheet, Dist rict of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.1030 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63,360. Geology 1974. Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., and Denver STone 1978: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, North-western Ontario and Its Bearing Upon Mineral Explora tion; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP72,55P Accompanied by Map P.1971 Scale 1:253440 i ©4.

Thurston, P. C., and Bartlett. J. R. 1981: Lower English River Sheet, Kenora District; Ontario Geological Survey Prelin- ary Map P. 239^. Compilation Series, Scale 1:126720 or l inch to 2 miles. Compilation 1978,

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Figure 25. Whitedog Granite Area. 73

GA 17 KEYS LAKE AREA COMMODITY: Granite LOCATION: NTS52K4/SW The south tip of a small unnamed Lake east of Ben Lake was taken as a location point 94 03©48" North Latitude, 93 57©53" West Longitude UTM Grid 430950mE, 5545950mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The area is crossed by the access road to Grassy Narrows. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by granitoid rocks of the Lount Lake Batholith. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped at a reconnaisance scale by Breaks et al (1975, 1978) and included in a compilation by Thurston and Bartlett (1981) The area was examined by Boulet (1983). Geology: The granite in this area is coarse grained porphyritic grey to pinkish grey biotite granite. There are several locations near this sample site where similar granite has been found. The rock commonly has a grey fine to medium grained biotite granite matrix with pink feldspar phenocrysts up to 2 cm. The phenocrysts (or metacrysts) are aligned east north east to east west. There are widespaced joints usually 3 m or greater, the trend of these in the sample area is 095 but north east and south east directions are common in similar outcrops to the south, schlerein and small knots are found in a few places. Patch peg matites are not common but do occur. Samples indic ated on the map are described by Boulet (1983) HISTORY: There has been no recorded bedrock extraction in this area. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52K/4 Boulet, R. 1983: Building and Ornamental Stone Field Reconnaissance Program; Tri-Municipal Economic Development Commission, Kenora, Ontario. Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., Mcwilliams, G. H., Gower, C.F., and Findlay,. 1975: Operation Kenora-Sydney Lake, Gordon- Big Canyon Lakes Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P. 1031 Geol. Ser., scale l inch to l mile or 1:63-360. Geology 1974. Breaks, F. W. Bond, W. D., and Denver Stone 1978: Preliminary Geological Synthesis of the English River Subprovince, North western Ontario and Its Bearing Upon Mineral Exploration; Ontario Geological Survey Misc. Paper MP 72,55p. Accompanied by Map P.1971, Scale 1:253^40 Thurston, P.C., and Barlett, J. R. 1981: Lower English River Sheet, Kenora District; Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P.2394, Compilation Series, Scale 1:126 720 or l inch to 2 miles, Compilation 1978 74

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Figure26. Keys Lake Area 75 SOAPSTONE Soapstone deposits in North Western Ontario are found in altered mafic to ultra mafic intrusive rocks. These are found in several places, frequently with gold mineralization nearby. One deposit in particular (Little Turtle Lake) was dev eloped as a direct result of gold exploration. Soapstone deposits were initially investigated as a source of refractory material for furnace linings and similar uses during the 1920©s. Many of the deposits proved unsatisfactory because the material cracked or crumbled due to variable refractory properties. More recently small amounts of material have been removed from several of the deposits for carving. Modern uses of soapstone include carving material, novelty items and soapstone panels for use in woodstoves. This later use requires refractory material but the temperatures involved are not as high as those developed in pulpmill furnaces and boiler settings. The rock is altered more or less from an initial gabbroic to peridotite composition to talc, amphibole, carbonates and chlorite. The colour is blue grey to grey- green and most are fine grained. The presence of large amounts of carbonate or chlorite are deleterious because carbonates are not resistant to heat and since they are present in varying amounts throughout the rock the hardness of the rock is variable making carving with simple tools more difficult. Chlorite tends to give the soapstone a foliation making carving difficult. In addition to true soapstone the native peoples have reportedly carved any rock soft enough to be worked with the tools available at the time j these were altered metavolcanics (chloritic or sericitic). The soapstone deposits examined are listed in Table

Table JT SOAPSTONE DEPOSITS S l Claxton Township - occurrence * S 2 Coste Island - prospect S 3 Eagle Lake Soapstone Quarry - past producer S 4 Labyrinth Bay - occurrence S 5 Little Turtle Lake - past producer * S 6 Madsen - occurrence S 7 Mile Lake #1 - prospect S 8 Mile Lake #2 - occurrence S 9 Pipestone Lake - occurrence S 10 Pipestone Peninsula - past producer S 11 Trap Lake - prospect S 12 Wabigoon - prospect * These deposits were not examined. All of these are altered mafic to ultramafic rocks; no soft chloritic rocks were designated as deposits. 76

si CLAXTON TOWNSHIP COMMODITY: Soap st one/t ale STATUS: Occurrence LOCATION: NTS 52F/4SW The deposit is exposed in a rock cut on Highway 71 in Claxton Township District of Rainy River 49 02©30" North Latitude, 93O54©07" West Longitude UTM Grid 434050mE, 5432200mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The talcose material is exposed on the east side of the highway. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The talcose rock is part of a large mafic inclusion in migmatitic granitoid rocks. Previous Geological Work: The area has not been mapped but has been studied by Edwards (1982). It is illustrated on OGS Map 2443. The deposit is included in the Kenora Resident Geologist©s files. The only published description is found in Edwards (1982)p.95 and 101. Geology: The area examined is the same as that described in Edwards (1982). The talcose material is found in rounded blobs 0.3 to 0.6 m long often surrounded by a rim of chlorite rich material l to 2cm thick. The talc bearring rocks show a wavy foliation trending northward and roughly vertical. The talc/soapstone is developed in amphibolitized peridotite (Edwards 1982). The material is exposed in varying amounts for 100 m along the highway. The surrounding rocks show agmatitic dikes of granitoid and more mafic intrusive rock. The soapstone is light grey-green in colour becoming darker green in the more chloritic parts. Rusty brown weathering carbonate is irregularly distributed in it. The foliation is emphasized by chlorite. The softest material is found in an area a few metres wide. There is little exposure or" rocks other than the amphibolite and granitoid rocks. A sample of the soapstone was submitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy, the results are shown below.

Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua. Peld- Mica ______spar^^^^ 82-129 AB BC

The predominant minerals are talc and chlorite with lesser calcite and quartz and small amounts of feld spar and mica. The latter are likely due to metasomatis as a result of the close proximity of granitoid rocks.

HISTORY: There has been no recorded production from this occurrence although it has likely been investigated by soapstone carvers and prospectors (OMNR resident geologist files) REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/4 Blackburn, C.E., Beard, R.C. and Rivett, S. 1981: Kenora-Port Prances Geological Compilation series; Ontario Geological Survey Map 2443 scale 1:253440 Edwards, G. 1982: The Sabaskong Batholith: Roots of a bimodal volcanic system; in Blackburn C.E. et al Field Trip Guidebook 3 stratigraphy and structure of the Western Wabigoon Subprovince and its Margins, North Western Ontario, Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting Winnipeg, Manitoba May 17-19, 1982. 77

C a ! i p c r L d l: e N 328±

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Figure 27 Location Map Claxton Township Talc Occurrence 78

S2 COSTE ISLAND COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Prospect

LOCATION: NTS 52E/7NE The deposit is located between Coste Island and the Aulneau Peninsula District of Kenora, ACCESS: The deposit is accessable by boat. EESCRIPTTON: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by mafic metavolcanics. Previous Geological Work: The deposit is mentioned by Bell(l886) Lawson (1886), Spence (1940), Wilson (1926) and Vos et al (1982). A brief description is on file in the Resident Geologists's office in Kenora. The deposit was not examined in the field. The description below is taken from Resident Geologist's files: Rock used as soapstone consists of a very talcy, altered mafic or ultramafic unit contained within fresher, amphibolitic basalt, possibly with some mafic tuffs. The talc-carbonate rock appears more maffic than the adjacent basalts. Vague question able pillows were observed in several places but were not common. It is suggested that this unit represents altered ultramafic or high magnesium basalt flow. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52 E/7 Bell R. 1886: Mineral Resources of the Hudon's Bay Territories; Transactions American Institute of Mining Engineers Feb. 1886 Lawson, A.C. 1886: Geology of the Lake of the Woods Region; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report New Series Volume l part cc Spence H.S. 1940: Talc, Steatite and Soapstone, Pyrophyllite Can. Dept. Mines 4 Resources Mines Branch Pub. 803 Vos, M.A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5388, 344 p., 3 figures and l table. Wilson M.E. 1926: Talc Deposits of Canada Geol. Surv. Can. Economic Geology Series no. 2. Resident Geologist's Piles, OMNR, Kenora: 52E/7NE c-1 S3 EAGLE LAKE SOAPSTONE QUARRY (Grace Mine)

COMMODITY Soapstone

STATUS Past Producer

LOCATION NTS 52F/11 NW 49"490 40© 08" North Latitude 930 19© 14" West Longitude NTM Grid 476900 mE 5501650 mN Zone 15

ACCESS The deposit is reached by boat from Eagle Lake

DESCRIPTION Geological Setting: The deposit occurs in a narrow septa of metavolcanics surrounded by granitoid rocks. Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Moorhouse (1944). The deposit and plant were described by Sutherland et al (1925, 1926, 1927, 1928) Moorhouse (1941) Spence (1928, 1940) Hewitt (1972) Vos et al (1982) and is mentioned by Sabina (1963) The description below is from Spence (1940): A band of soapstone, reported to be about 100 feet wide, occurs enclosed in talc- chlorite schist on the southwest shore ofEagle Lake. The location: is 21 miles by water from either .Eagle River or Vermilion Bay station on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, to which water shipment can be made. In 1924, theft-race Mining Company commenced development of the deposit, erected a camp, and installed a large sawing plant. Work was continued for a few years, and several carloads of cut furnace stone were shipped to nearby pulp mills at Dryden and Fort Frances, Ont. The stone is stated to have proved satisfactory for such use, but pos sibly for lack of a sufficient market, work was discontinued about 1927-28 and has not been resumed. A small quarry was opened close to the edge of the lake, and the stone was cut out in 3-foot benches by means of a Sulli van channeller, working at right angles to the strike of the deposit. Quarry blocks were lifted by derrick and dropped onto small flat-cars, which ran directly to the sawing shed. This was a large, substantial building equipped with three 15-foot gang saws. Sand, obtained locally, was used to feed the saws. The output consisted entirely of furnace blocks and bricks, the former chiefly of 12 by 12 by 12 inches and 12 by 12 by 18 inches dimensions. The stone is light green in colour, of medium grain, and inclined to schistose in structure. An analysis of a representa tive sample, made in the Bureau of Mines laboratory, showed: Silica Ferrous oxide Ferrie oxide Alumina Lime Magnesia ...... ,.. 27 Caron dioxide ...... Water above 105 C ...... 80

Geology: The deposit is hosted in intermediate massive and fragmental metavolcanics. The soap stone is a (ensoid (?) mass 30 m wide and np to 180 m long (Sutherland et al 1925). The soap stone unit trends 055 and is verticle. The rocks on either side of the unit are metavol canics; those on the northside are dark grey Loppilli tuft, those on the the south are chlorite schist with a well developed schist osity 055 /85 0s to 90 . The fragmental rocks are either felsic in composition or have been silicitied. The contacts between the soapstone body and the metavolcanics are ob scured by overburden. The soapstone is grey to grey green in colour, fine grained and is cut by narrow (lcm or less) carbonate veins. These veins weather rusty and are probably dolomite and ankerite. A thin (l-2mm) layer of chlorite rich material has formed along the vein contacts. There is a joint or fracture pattern in the soapstone well exposed on the lakeshore. The predominant dir ection is 185 with lesser directions 090 and 130 . These fractures are less than a metre apart in most cases. Fracturing did not appear in the quarry to any great extent. Samples of soapstone from the dump were submitted for X-ray difraction mineralogy. The results are shown TABLE 7 below: Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua.Feld-Mica qtz spar

82-23 B -23A AB These results are similar to those too obtained by Moorhouse (1941) from thin sections. A chemical analysis published by Spence (1940) indicates very little carbonate in the material he analysed. HISTORY The deposit was examined and several test blocks were quarried by the Grace Mining Col. Ltd. in 1923. 174 tons of soapstone were produced in 1925 and 1926. Operations ceased in the spring of 1927. The soapstone was sawed into blocks for use as Draft pulp mill furnace liners. (Information from Ontario Department of Mines Annual Reports Vol. 33, 34,35,36.

REFERENCES NTS map 52F/11 Hewitt, D. F. 1972: Talc in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs Indust rial Mineral Report 40 Moorhouse, W. W. 1941: Geology of the Eagle Lake Area: Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol. 48 pt. 4, 1939

Sabina, A. P. 1963: Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg; Geological Survey of Canada paper 63-18 Spence, H. S. 1928: The Canadian Soapstone Industry; Canada Department of Mines, Mines 81

Branch pub. 687 Investigations of Mineral Resources and the Mining Industry, 1926 p. 19-24 1940: Talc, Steatite and Soapstone; Pyrophylite; Canada Department of Mines and Resources, Mines and Geology Branch, pub. 803 Sutherland, T. F. et al 1925: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report, Vol. 33 pt 7, 1924, p 6-98 1926: Mines of Ontario in 1924; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol. 34 pt. l, 1925, p. 66-169 1927: Mines of Ontario in 1925, Ontario Department of Mines, Vol. 35 pt. l, 1926. p. 73-168 1928: Mines of Ontario in 1926, Ontario Department of Mines, Vol. 36 pt. l, 1927. p. 75-178. S2

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Figure 28a 5 3 location map

O IOO ZOO 3OO C-sJUGronitoid essa Felsic Metovolcanics F7^! Mafic to irtermtdnt* metavolcanics Figure 28b Geology after moorhouse (1941) 83

LABYRINTH BAY COMMODITY: Serpentine/Soapstone STATUS: Occurrence LOCATION: NTS 52E/10SW The occurrence is on the north side of an island in the north west part of Labyrinth Bay District of Kenora 49 36 ©29" North Latitude 94 4 9©52" West Longitude UTM Grid 367700mE, 5496450 mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The deposit is accessable by boat from Kenora. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by mafic to intermediate metavolcanics intruded by numerous small sills of altered peridotite. Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Davies (1970,1978 )and also by Lawson (1886) and Greer(193D Davies (1978) p.32 describes the altered peridotite as follows: The peridotite weathers dark brown and is greenish black on the weathered surface. It consisted of equidimensional olivine grains 0.1 to 1.0 mm across which were surrounded by pyroxene and primary amphibole. The olivine has been completely serpentinized and the pyroxene has been chloritized. Magnetite, released during the alteration, is disseminated throughout the rock. Incipient fibrous amphibole is present in the chloritized interstitial material and has also dev- loped in some of the serpentinized olivine. Geology: The ultramafic rock unit is a thin sill 75m thick and of undetermined strike length. The sill trends 075 - The sill is hosted by mafic metavolcanic flows. The rock Is dark green to black on the fresh surface and weathers brown. It is cut by numerous veins of white weathering asbestform material. These veins are well developed near the north contact of the sill. The sill examined conprises a lower unit of serpentinized peridotite and an upper unit of massive gabbro. Mapping by Davies (1970) indicates that there are several of these sills in the labyrinth Bay area many of which have ultramafic phaces. Mineralogy: Three sanples from this deposit were sub mitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy.

Sample No. Talc Serpentine Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua Feld- Mica spar

82-42 D BC A 82-43 B A - - — - - - - - 82-44 C A C - - - - - 82-42 Altered ultramafic rock 82-43 dark green serpentinite 82-44 white weathering veins that cut the serpentinite. HISTORY: The occurrence has been investigated recently as an asbestos deposit. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52E./1Q Davies J. C. 1970: Western Peninsula Area (West Sheet); Ontario Department of Mines Preliminary Map P.594 scale 1: 15840 84

Davies J. C. 1978: Geology of the Shoal Lake - Western Peninsula Area, District of Kenora; Ontario GEological Survey Open File Report 5242. Greer L. 1931: Geology of the Shoal Lake (West) Area, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol. 39 part 3 p.42-56 Lawson A. C. 1886: Geology of the Lake of the Woods Region; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report (new Series) Vol. l part cc.

WESTERN PENINSULA

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Figure 2.9 Location Map Labyrinth Bay Occurrence 85

LITTLE TURTLE LAKE (H.H. WOOD TALC CO.) COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Past Producer LOCATION: NTS 52C/15SE The deposit is found on the south shore of Little Turtle Lake approximately l km northwest of Mine Centre. Rainy River District 4846©28" North Latitude, 92 38©02" West Longitude. UTM Grid 527000mE, 5^02200mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The workings can be reached by boat from Little Turtle Lake or by walking through the bush from the CNR right of way. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by intermediate metavolcanic flows and felsic pyroclastic rocks which have been intruded by thin gabbroic sills. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Wood et al (1980), Tanton (1936) and Lawson (1913). The deposit has been described by Sutherland et al (1923,1925) and was mentioned by Eardley-Wilmot (1922). The description below is from Sutherland et al (1923): H.H. Wood Talc Company. The H. H. Wood Talc Company owns two 40-acre mining claims, H. P. 140 and H.P. l4l on the south shore of Turtle Lake, and about three- quarters of a mile northwest of Mine Centre station on the Canadian National Railways. These claims were staked for gold during one of the early "booms." In June, 1922, the company began to work a soapstone deposit on H. P. 141. When inspected in August, a pit, 5 feet by 6 feet, had been sunk near the shore of the lake and was 12 feet deep. In addition to the soapstone obtained during the sinking of the pit, between two and three cubic yards had been channelled with a plugger drill from the deposit nearby. The portion of the soapstone deposit being worked was a band, two feet six inches wide, have a strike of 105 degrees magnetic. The soapstone is sawed at the property into steel- worker©s crayons, *s-inch to 3/8-inch by 4 and 5 inches. Power for the plugger drill and the saw is supplied by a 15-horse-power Clayton air compressor, driven by gasoline. Four men were employed under the supervision of H. H. Wood, 120 Howland Avenue, Toronto. In 1900 and 1901 Mr. Wood was manager of the Golden Star mine near Mine Centre. Geology: The deposit is exposed in three small pits along the shore of Little Turtle Lake. The workings are overgrown and little can be seen of the geology. The third pit contains the most talcy material and was taken as the location point. The rocks exposed are dark green well foliated mafic to intermediate matavolcanics and dark grey fine to medium grained gabbroic textured rocks. The metavolcanlcs show extensive development of chlorite and often split into thin slabs. Openings l and 2 were sunk in metavolcanics. Number l is completely overgrown and little can be seen of the rock. Opening 2 is a pit 3 by 3 by 1m deep on the lakeshore. The rock is layered with softer material forming thin layers parallel to the foliation. There is a trace of disseminated pyrite in the rock and minor seams of pyrite parallel to the foliation. The foliation in the metavolcanics is oriented 070 /85 N. Opening number 3 is in gabbroic rock. The foliation is much weaker than in the metavolcanics and soft lensoid masses of talcy material are present. The weathered overgrown,state of the workings obscures the details of these lenges. Narrow quartz veins are associated with the talcy rock in all of the workings. Often the softest material is intemately associated with the veins. Mineralogy: Three samples were submitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy two from the altered metavolcanics TABLE 9 and one from the talcv n^terial developed in the gabbro. Quartz Flag Muscovite Amphibole Chlorite Talc Serpen- Dolo- Cal- Magne- tine mite cite site

82-139 B B A C"1" e>C_ - 82-140 B B C~ A C - ?C- C 82-141 ?CC- B A--7C -- 82-139 soft material from pit in metavolcanics 82-140 softest material available from pit in metagabbro 82-141 chloritic intermediate metavolcanic Talc is only a minor consituent of these rocks. The dominant material is chlorite and hornblende with plagioclase and quartz as the next most common minerals. None of these samples have a composition corresponding to the other soapstone deposits of the area. The origin al rocks were mafic to intermediate metavolcanics and metagabbro rather than ultramafic rocks. HISTORY: The deposit was discovered during gold exploration and was worked in 1922 and 1923. A total of 17 tons of soapstone was re moved for the production of metal workers crayons , gasburner tips and ornamental goods. REFERENCES: NTS Map 52C/15 Eardley-Wilmot, V. L. 1922: Talc and Soapstone in Canada; Canada Depart ment of Mines, Mines Branch Summary Report for 1922 pub. 605. Sutherland T. P. e t al 1923: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report vol.32 part 6 p. 6-92 1923 1925: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol. 33 pt 7 p. 6-98 1924. Lawson, A. C; 1913: The Archean Geology of Rainy Lake Re-Studied; Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 40 Tanton, T. L. 1934: Mine Centre Area; Geological Survey of Canada Map 33^A 1:31680 Wood, John, Dekker, John, Jansen, J. G. Keay, J. P., and Panagapko, Douglas. 1980: Mine Centre Area (Eastern Half), District of Rainy River, Ontario Geological Survey Pre liminary Map P. 2202, Geological Series, Scale 1:15 840 or l inch to \ mile. Geology 1976, 1977. 87

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Figure 30a Location Map H. H. Wood Talc Co.

-i - - - - -4-li-?-UfL .^r -

9 100 390

Figure 30b Geology from Wood (1880) 4 Gabbro 4 Mstavolcanics 88

S6 MADSEN COMMODITY: Talc/Soapstone STATUS: Occurrence LOCATION: NTS 52K/13NW The deposit is at the madsen gold mine in Baird Township, District of Kenora. ACCESS: The area is accessable by road. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The talcose rocks are developed in ultramafic intrusive rocks assoc iated with the Madsen gold deposit. Previous Geological Work: The deposit has been described by Ferguson (1965). The talcose rocks do no outcrop in many places. They are found mainly in the underground workings The following description is taken from Ferguson (1965): An altered peridotite, called locally the South Austin "footwall talc", is generally about 50 feet wide, but ranges from 30 to 200 feet. It cuts across the Austin tuff and divides the tuff in the South Austin and Main Austin sections. Farther northeast the same band of talc is at the base of the Austin tuff and then progresses stratigraphically lower across a basalt flow to the base of that flow. Microscopic work has indicated that this dike is altered peridotite. A sample obtained from the Madsen dump was sub mitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy. The TABLE 10 results are tabulated below: Sample no. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magne- Qua Feld-Mica site spar

82-119 AB C?

History: The deposit was a gold producer from 1938^01976. REFERENCES: NTS©Map 52K/13 Ferguson S.A. 1965: Geology of the Eastern part of Baird Township; Ontario Department of Mines Geological Report 39. 89 S7 MILE LAKE #1 COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Prospect LOCATION: NTS 52F/10NW The deposit is on the south east shore of Mile ke District of Kenora 49 40©36" North Latitude 92 46©18" West longitude UTM Grid 516450 mE 5503700mN Zone 15- ACCESS: The deposit is reached by boat from Dryden. DESCRIPTION Geological Setting: The soapstone is developed in an altered gabbro. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Satterly (19^3). The deposit was described by Wright (1926), Satterly (1943) and is mentioned by Hewitt 1972 Sabina (1963) and Vos et al (1982). Setterly describes the deposit as follows: One of these is on the southeast shore of the Lake, where the rock is an altered gabbro capped by clay in which there are a number of caved in trenches. One chain in from the shore is an outcrop of soapstone, which has been blasted, and blocks have been sawn, presumably for test purposes. The soap stone is medium grained and blotchy green and grey, and is probably a highly altered, ultra basic lens in the gabbro. Geology: ©mere is very little exposure of this deposit. The only outcrop is about 10 m in dia meter. The soapstone is dark grey and similar in appearance and texture to that of Trap Lake but does not appear to contain biotite. Joints 115/80 s and 355/sub vertical are present. These are spaced 0.6m and greater seven joints were noted in the outcrop. Gabbro outcrops can be found near this occurrence. No carbonate veins were noted in this deposit. Workings consist of a small test pit 0.5 m deep and several ca.-ved trenches in overburden. HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT The deposit was examined circa 1924 by the Wabigoon Soapstone Company. NTS Map 52F/10 REFERENCE: Hewitt D.F. 1972: Talc in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs Industrial Min eral Report 40. Sabina A.P. 1963: Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg; Department of Mines and Technical Surveys Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 63-18. Satterly, J. 19^3: Geology of the Dryden-Wabigoon Area, Kenora District; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 50 pt 2 for 1941 accompanied by Map 50e. Vos, M.A. Abolins, T"., and Smith,V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario Supplementl, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5388,344p.,3 figures and l table 90

Wright in Wilson, M. E. 1926: Talc Deposits of Canada; Geological Survey Canada Economic Geology Series NO. 2 Wright J. F. 1924: Wabigoon and Trap Lake Soapstone Deposits; Canadian Mining Journal Sept 5, 192M- p. 871-72.

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Figure 31. Mile Lake soapstone deposit map. 91

S8 MILE LAKE #2 COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Occurrence LOCATION: NTS 52F/10NW

UTM Grid 515700mE, 5503700mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The deposit is reached by boat from Dryden. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The soapstone is developed in an altered gabbroic intrusive body. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Satterly (1943). The deposit was briefly described by Wright (1926) and Satterly (19^3) and mentioned by Hewitt (1972) Sabina (1963) and Vos et al (1982). Satterly describes the deposit as follows: The other occurrence is on the northwest shore of the lake near the west contact of the gabbro mass and is a greenish, coarse-grained rock with aggregates of biotite, probably metamorphic in origin. This rock does not appear to be of same type as that on the southeast shore. Geology: The rock exposed in the area is a massive dark grey-green gabbro similar in texture and grainsize to the rocks at Trap Lake and Mile Lake #1. The soapstone is developed near the contact between the gabbro and maffic metavolcanics. There are several small pits in the gabbro exposing, minor sulphide mineralization. Talcy material is present in the rock of the occurrence but similar appearing rock in outcrops immediately to the east do no appear to contain talc. Mineralogy: A sample of the material from the showing was submitted for X-ray diffraction. The results are tabulated below: TABLE 11 Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magne Qua.Feld- Mica site spar

-34 D?

HISTORY: The deposit was discovered circa 1924 by the Wabigoon Soapstone Company; no further work was performed. Recent (1970) test pits were sunk during copper nickle exploration. NTS M tp fi F/fO REFERENCES: Hewitt D.F. 1972: Talc in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs Industrial Min eral Report 40. Sabina A.P. 1963: Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg; Department of Mines and Technical Surveys Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 63-18. Satterly, J. 1943: Geology of the Dryden-Wabigoon Area, Kenora District; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 50 pt 2 for 1941 accompanied by Map 50e. Vos, M.A. Abolins, T., and Smith,V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ontario Supplementl, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5388,344p.,3 figures and l table Wright in Wilson, M. E. 1926: Talc Deposits of Canada; Geological Survey Canada Economic Geology Series NO. 2 Wright J. F. 1924: Wabigoon and Trap Lake Soapstone Deposits; Canadian Mining Journal Sept 5, 1924- p. 871-72. 93

PIPESTONE LAKE SOUTH

COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Occurrence LOCATION: NTS52F/4SE Sample site 82-76 is taken as a location point on Ross Island Pipestone Lake, Dist rict of Rainy River; 49 04©53" North Lat itude, 93 33 r 23" West Longitude UTM Grid 459300mE, 543600mN Zone 15- ACCESS: The deposit is accessable by boat from Pipestone Lake. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by mafic metavolcanics intruded by mafic to ultramafic sills. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Edwards (1981,1983) Edwards and Lorsong (1976) and Thomson (1936) Geology: The deposit is formed as an alteration zone in a peridotite sill. The rock called soapstone is a fine grained rusty weathering zone about 3 m wide and of undetermined strike lenght due to overburden and water cover. The rock is foliated 080V85 S. The original rock is a dark green to black fine grained peridotite, The contact with the soapstone is gradational over l m. Foliation in the peridotite is the same as that of the soapstone. A sample was submitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy. TABLE IX The results are tabulated below: Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua- Feld-Mica spar

82-76 D?

No fibrous asbestiform material was seen in the exposure. Similar rocks have been mapped along the strike of this unit by Edwards, and Lorsong (1976). Several exposures of ultra mafic rocks showing varying degrees of alter ation can be found in this part of Pipestone Lake. Jointing was not evident in this out crop but other exposures show fractures often with talcy,serpentine like material in them . HISTORY: There is no known soapstone production from this part of the lake.

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F4 Edwards G. R. 1981: Bethune Lake, District of Kenora and Rainy River; Ontario Geological Survey Map 2430 Scale 1:31680 1983: Geology of the Bethune Lake Area, District of Kenora and Rainy River; Ontario Geological Survey Report 201 Edwards, G. R., and Lorsong, J. 1976: Pipestone Lake Area (Southern Half). Districts of Rainy River and Kenora, Ontario Div. Mines. Prelim. Map. P. 1103, Geol. Ser. scale 1:15,840 or l inch to \ mile. Geology 1975- Thomson, J.E. 1936: Geology of the Rowan - Straw Lake Area; Ont. Depart, of Mine Annual Report Vol44 p4 1935, 91

S10 PIPESTONE PENINSULA

COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Past Producer LOCATION: NTS 52E/9NW The deposit is located on the north shore of Pipestone Peninsula. Manross Township, Dist rict of Kenora as shown on the location map. 94 0 20©08" West Longitude 49 37©27" North Latitude UTM Grid 403400mE 5497500 mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The deposit is reached by boat DESCRIPTION Geological Setting: The deposit is found in a fine grained mafic sill hosted in mafic metavolcanics. Previous Geological Work: The are r©has been mapped by Lawson (1886) and Suffel(1931) Davies (1967) mapped the area immediately south of the deposit. The deposit has been described by Wilson 1926, Spence (1922,1940) The following description is taken from Spence (1940): Initial work was done at this locality in 1915 by Messrs. Mather and Beveridge, and about twenty years ago, the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company, Dryden, Ont., took out some stone from a small quarry in the face of a low bluff fronting on Moore Bay, at the point where the short Pipestone portage crosses to Andrew Bay. Four carloads of stone were shipped by scow to Kenora, and sent to Dryden for trial as furnace stone, but the material was reported too seamy for the purpose and to be of inferior quality. The stone occurs as a band about 75 feet wide, enclosed in grey slate. It is not a true soapstone, but a soft, chloritic slate. It is rather harsh-textured, with a slaty cleavage, and yields a dirty grey powder having a little or no slip. An analysis, made in the Bureau of Mines laboratory, showed: Silica ...... 39-14 Ferrous oxide ...... 8.79 Ferrie oxide ...... 3-48 Alumina ...... 7-32 Lime ...... 5-92 Magnesia ...... 21.31 Carbon dioxide ... 7-31 Water above 105 C 6.68

Total ...... 99.95 Geology: The Soapstone is exposed in two workings one the quarry on the shore described by Spence and the other a small pit about 30 m south of the quarry. The soapstone unit is poorly exposed other than in these workings. The soapstone is developed in narrow (1m) lenses in altered mafic rock. The mafic rocks are foliated varying from 095/85N to 90 in the quarry to 075/90 to 065/75N in the pit. Both the soapstone in the quarry and the less altered rocks are but by narrow dolomite-ankerite veins although these are not evident in the south pit. The talcose part of the mafic unit is approximately 30m wide but probably varies along strike. 95

Mapping of the area a few hundred metres south of the workings by Davies (1967) indicates that Pipestone Peninsula is the north limb of a synformal fold. Talcy altered rock is reported to occur farther west near the end of Pipestone Peninsula (Lawson 1886) Petrology: The soapstone is dark bluegrey to grey green in colour with a brown tint on the more weathered surface. The rock has a dist inct foliation emphasized by chlorite. It parts along the foliation to form an irregular surface. Two samples of talcose material from the two workings were submitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy; the results are shown in the table below. TABLE 13 Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua Feld-Mica spar

82-167 A AB A - 82-164 A A B

HISTORY: A small production of soapstone blocks for paper mill furnace linings was made in 1915- Small amounts of material.have been, removed for carving and by mineral collectors.

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52E/9 Davies, J. C. 1967: French Narrows Area; Ontario Depart ment of Mines Preliminary map P401 1:15840 Lawson, A.C. 1886: Geology of the LAKE OF THE Woods Region; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report (new series) Vol l part GC for 1885. Spence, H.S. 1^22: Talc and Soapstone in Canada; Can ada Department of Mines Mines Branch pub.583 1940: Talc, Steatite and Soapstone; Pyro- phylite; Canada Department of Mines and Resources Mines and Geology Branch pub.803 Suffel, G.G. 1931: Geology of the Bigstone Bay are, Lake of the Woods, Kenora District; Ont ario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 39 pt. 3 P57-78 for 1930. Wilson, M.E. 1926: Talc Deposits of Canada; Geological Survey of Canada Economic Geology Series No. 2. SCALE O Z Km

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Figure 32. Location map Pipestone Peninsula Soapstone Deposit. 97

Sil TRAP LAKE COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Prospect LOCATION: NTS 52P/10NW Islands 246 and 249 in Trap Lake. The cen^e of Island 246was taken as a location point 49 U 40©01" North Latitude, 92 46© 45" West Longitude UTM Grid 515850 mE 5501350 mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The deposit is reached by boat from Dryden. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The soapstone is developed in an altered gabbro body. Previous Geological Work: The area has been map ped by Satterly(1943) The deposit was described by Satterly (1943) Spence (1923) and (1940) and Wright(1924, 1926) and has been mentioned by Sabina (1963) Hewitt(1972) Vos et al 1982. Satterly (1943) p"ke 54 describes the deposit as follows: * The soapstone is fairly massive but has widely spaced fractures, is medium grained and grey and green in colour, the two colours representing pseudomorphs after two minerals. In thin section under the microscope the aggregate consists of talc, carbonate, and antigorite, with a minor amount of penninite and iron ores. The original two minerals were probably olivine and apyroxene. The olivine is represented by an aggregate of talc, carbonate, with grains of iron ore, and some antigorite. The pyroxene pseudo morph shows strips of antigorite at right angles to each other, presumably paralleling two sets of dleavages, with a talc aggregate between these strips. The original rock was, therefore, a variety of peridotite, as harzburgite occurs on a nearby island, the rock was most likely that species. On island no. 249 the soapstone is fairly massive, medium-grained, and greyish green in colour. The reef just southwest of the island is also a medium grained soap stone composed of a green mineral in a choco late brown groundmass. These occurrences are believed to be altered harzburgites. Geology: Soapstone makes up the entire area of island 246 and 249. The rock is dark grey in colour on both the weathered and fresh surfaces. The rock is massive medium grained (2-4mm) but is cut by dolomite-ankerite-tremolite veins. 0.5 to 1m wide trending approximately 190 * These are particularly evident on the south side of island 246. Jointing is developed as shown on figure . Joints are l to 2 metres apart. Similar jointing is developed in the gabbro. Subhorizontal to west dipping sheeting .5 to 1m in thickness is evident in both the soapstone and the gabbro. The actual relationship between the soapstone and the gabbro is obscured by Trap Lake. Both rock types have similar textures. Satterly ascribes the soapstone to hydrothermal alteration of harzburgite gabbro. Mineralogy: Three samples of soapstone and one sample (82-28) of a vein cutting the soapstone were submitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy 98

The results are tabulated below: TABLE m Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua Peld- Mica spar

82-27 A D B C C? 82-28 A C? A B C? - - - 82-29 A - A BC C? - 82-30 A C AB B C?

These indicate ahigh talc content in all parts of the body along with ahigh chlorite and a lessor dolomite content. This corresponds well with thin section mineralogy by Satterly (1943) HISTORY: The deposit was discovered in 1923 by E. G. Pidgeon of Wabigoon; Thermo-Stone Quarries Ltd. was formed the same year to develop the property. Work was restricted to stripping and test pitting in 1923- REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/10 Hewitt D. F. 1972: Talc in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mine and Northern Affairs Industrial Mineral Report 40. Sabina A.P. 1963: Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg; Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Canada. Geological Survey of Canada paper 63-18 Satterly, J. 1943: Geology of the Dryden-Wabigoon Area, Kenora District; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 50 pt. 2 for 1941 accompanied by Map 50e. l Spence H. S. 1922: Soapstone in CanadajCanada Department of Mines, Mines Branch publication 583. Spence. H. S. 1940: Talc, Steatite and soapstone pyrophyllite; Can. Dept. Mines 4 Resources Mines Branch Pub 803 Wright J. F. 1924: Wabigoon and Trap Lake Soapstone Deposits, Canadian Mining Journal Sept 5, 1924 p.871-72 Wright J. F. in Wilson M. E. 1926: Talc Deposits of Canada; Geol. Surv. Can. Economic Geology Series No. 2. Vos, M. A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ont ario Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5388; 344p., 3 figures and l table. 99

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Figure 33a. Location map

/?, f. U trmt j ^M^-, K ,. ^Uf.®^

Figure 33b. Geology after Satterly (1943). 100

S12 WABIGOON SOAPSTONE CO. COMMODITY: Soapstone STATUS: Prospect LOCATION: NTS52P/10NE Zealand Township, District of Kenora 49 O 43'27" North Latitude 92 38'05" West Longitude UTM Grid 526l50mE 5507750mN Zone 15 ACCESS: The deposit can be reached by boat from Wabigoon or by walking south from the CPR right of way. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by altered gabbro. Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Satterly (1943). The deposit was described by Spence (1923, 1940).,Wright (1924, 1926)and Satterly (1943). It was mentioned by Bartlett (1923) Hewitt (1972), Sabinafl963), and Vos et al (1982) Satterly (1943) P- 53 describes the deposit as follows: The soapstone deposits occur in a gabbro mass, which underlies most of the peninsula, and the island to the northwest on which the Indian cemetery is located. This mass presumably extends under much of Barritt bay, as it is found on islands and in the village of Wabigoon. The gabbro is, in places, fairly fresh but adjacent to the soapstone deposits it is hi ghly altered. Two specimens of it studied in thin section under the microscope are found to consist of plagioclase with clouds of clinozoisite, felted aggregates of an amphibole probably derived from a pyroxene, and in one section a minor amount of quartz. The rock is believed to have been originally a gabbro, as related masses are of this composition. The soapstone is a dark grey, soft rock containing in some samples rhombs of a brown carbonate. The soapstone has been trenched in two places, and Wright states that there are two bands. A thin section of grey soapstone with brown carbonate rhombs shows under the microscope, an aggregate of antigorite with bands of magnetite, talc, chlorite, and an iron carbonate. This mineral assem blage indicates that the original rock was ultrabasic in coup- Geology: The area is now completely overgrown. osition The rock exposed is predominantly massive fine to medium grained dark green to dark grey gabbro. The west part of the main outcrop area is softer deeply weathered material and is presumably part of the soapstone body. The gabbro and presumed soapstone are transected by several narrow shear zones trending east northeast to eastwest. The material in these zones is soft, talcy feel ing and contains considerable carbonate. Wright (1926) produced the following section across the deposit: The long axis of this intrusive mass is northwest-southeast, and the known length is approximately 2,000feet. The dip, as nearly as can be determined, is vertical. The following rock-types are exposed along a section at right angles to the strike and crossing the soapstone outcrop from the northeast: 101

0-150 feet. Slightly schistose, medium-grained, light grey, syenitic rock. 150-225 " Massive, slightly porphyritic, medium-grained, dark grey, dioritic rock. 225-275 " Massive, coarse-grained, light green, gabbroic rock. 275-310 " Massive, dark greenish grey soapstone exposed about 400 feet along the strike. 310-410 " Massive, medium to coarse-grained, light grey, syenitic rock. 410-485 " Mixed soapstone and gabbroic rock, with soapstone predominating, exposed about 300 feet along the strike. The talcy material examined is in gradational contact over a short distance with the gabbroic rocks. Mapping by Satterly (1943) indicates the gabbro mass containing the soapstone trends north west and is sill like body conformable with the metavolcanics on either side. Mineralogy and Petrology: Three samples of the soapstone were submitted for X-ray difraction mineralogy. The results are tabulated below: TABLE 15- Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua Feld-Mica spar

82-34A C A BC A AB C 82-35A A C C — A — — — 82-36 B A BC - BC - - - Sample 82-36 was also checked for serpentine and and did not contain any. HISTORY: The deposit was known for several years prior to 1920 but was first explored by L. Pidgeon of Wabigoon in 1921. Development work consisted of stripping, trenching and sampling. No work was done after 1922 until recently when several small pits were sunk on the soapstone. The area is patented and no record exists of the work.

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52F/10 Bartlett 1923 (in Sutherland Et al 1923) Mines of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 32 pt 6 for 1922 p 7-23. HewittD.F 1972: Talc in Ontario; Ontario Department of Mine and Northern Affairs Industrial Mineral Report 40. Sabina A.P. 1963: Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg; Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Canada. Geological Survey of Canada paper 63-18 Satterly, J. 1943: GEology of the Dryden-Wabigoon Area, Kenora District; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 50 pt. 2 for 1941 accompanied by Map 50e. Spence H. S. 1922: Soapstone in Canada, Canada Department of Mines, Mines Branch publication 583 Spence. H. S. 1940: Talc, Steatite and soapstone pyrophyllite; Can. Dept. Mines Se Resources Mines Branch Pub. 803 Wright J. F. 1924: Wabigoon and Trap Lake Soapstone Deposits, Canadian Mining Journal Sept. 5, 1924 p.871-72. 102 Wright J. P in Wilson M. E. 1926: Talc Deposits of Canada; Geol. Surv. Can. Economic Geology Series No. 2. Vos, M. A., Abolins, T., and Smith, V. 1982: Industrial Minerals of Northern Ont ario Supplement l, Ontario Geological Survey Open Pile Report 538*8, 3^4p., 3 figures and l table.

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Figure 34 Location map Wabigoon soapstone deposit, 103

FLAGSTONE AND SLATE

The northern part of Lake of the Woods has produced slaty rocks since 1884. Most of this has been at a very small scale for local construction only. Three deposits of slaty rock have been worked commercialy. These are Slate Island in 1884, the Northern Penin sula Area near Pox Island Circa 1970 and the Rush Bay Quarries deposit in Forgie Township which is currently producing. The definition of slate as published by the American Geological Institute is: Slate (a) A compact, fine grained, metamorphic rock formed from such rocks as shale and vol canic ash, which possess the property of fissilty along planes independent of the original bedding (slaty cleavage), whereby they can be parted into plates which are lithologically indistinguishable. However the term is usually restricted to initially fine grained metasediments such as mudstone or shale which have been metamorphosed and have developed a good slaty clearage. Many metasediments were initially fine grained rocks but unless they have a slaty cleavage they should not be called slate. Flagstone is simply a fine grained rock that splits into thin slabs (Currier I960) this may be true slate or any other fine grained thinly layered rocks. The Lake of the Woods deposits are more correctly classified as flagstone rather than slate. Other terms for this material are freestone and fieldstone. These are not as specific. Freestone is "a flat slab of flagstone used for paving" (AGI Glossary of Geology) or a rock (sandstone) that splits easily in any direction CCurrier I960). Field stone can be used to designate any loose rock available in the overburden (rocks found in fields) or the term is used in a smilar manner as freestone. The material obtained from the Rush Bay Quarries deposit is a fine grained felsic tuff which has been faulted resulting in a strong foliation over a narrow width. The other areas around the north part of Lake of the Woods are both metavolcanics and metasediments but all have been affected by faulting and to a lessor extent folding. The rocks that show the strongest foliation and the best cleavage were initially fine grained.

The material currently produced has a rusty brown colour developed in the foliation plane due to weathering of sulphide minerals. The colour of the rock is not as important as its ability to split into thin sheets. 104

Mariposite/fuchsite is a material that has been produced from Lake of the Woods and the Hudson area. Chromium bearing muscovite has a bright green colour. A small amount of this mineral gives a pale green shade to the rock when it is disseminated and a deep emerald green when it is concentrated in foliation planes. This material is popular for local use but the known deposits are small. 105

PI GIBBONS' SLATE QUARRY

COMMODITY: Slate/Flagstone STATUS: Past Producer LOCATION: NTS52E/9NW Slate Island Lake of the Woods District of Kenora. Sample Location 82-48 was taken as a location point. 49 38*26" North Latitude, 94 28'29" West Longitude UTM Grid 393500mE 5499400mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The deposit is accessable by boat from Kenora. DESCRIPTION Geological Setting: Intermediate to felsic metavolcanics with a well developed foliation. Previous Geolgocial Work: The are has been mapped by Lawson (1886) and Lawson et al (1897) and Thomson (1937). Lawson (1886) describes the deposit: In /*8f Hr. Gibbons opened a slate-quarry on an island lying to the west of Pipe-stone Point, and during the greater portion of the summer of that year had a gang of ten men engaged in taking out slate for the Winnipeg market. The work was not continued in 1885. The slate here quarried is not, however, the best that is to be found on the Lake. It is an evely cleaving, soft, dark to glossy hydromicaceous schist, which presents unusually good facilities for quarrying due to the jointing which cuts across the planes of cleavage at definite intervals. The slate is readily cut or pierced by the slate- axe, taking an even edge, and not shattering when struck. It makes a fairly good roofing slate. Geology: The rocks of this area are mapped as intermediate to felsic pyroclastic rocks; they have been folded into a series of synforms and antiforms (Blackburn 1981) resulting in develop ment of a strong axial plane cleavage. The rocks of Slate Island are strongly foliated 080/90. Joints cut the foliation at right angles often filed by quartz vein material. The rock is variable in colour from pale pinkish green to dark grey green. The lithology is fine felsic tuff with carbonate-chlorite-sericite alteration. The carbonate content results in the rock being soft and easily scratched. Fine fragments up to 2 mm long are visible on the broken surface. These are stretched parallel to the foliation. The material described above is from the south side Slate Island. Similar foliated tuffs can be found on several small islands in the vicinity. HISTORY: The deposit was first worked by a Mr. Gibbons in 1884. Slate was produced during the summer of that year only and sold in Winnipeg. There is no record of production since the initial; opening material has been removed at various times for local construction (patios, fireplaces, etc.) REFERENCES: NTS Map 52E/9 Blackburn, C. E.,Beard R. C. and Rivett-S. 1981: Kenora-Fort Frances Sheet; Geological Compilation Series, Ontario Geological Survey Map 2443 Scale 1:253440. 106

Lawson, A.C. 1886: Report on the Geology of the Lake of Woods Region; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report (New Series) Vol l part GC Lawson A.C., Barlow A. E., Wilson, W.J. 1897*- Geological and topographical map of theNorthern part of the Lake of the Woods and Adjacent Country; Geological Survey of Canada Sheet No. l Scale 1:126720 edition printed for 6th report of the Ontario Bureau of Mines 1897. Thomson J. E. 1937: Geology of the North Central part of the Lake of the Woods, Kenora District, Ontario, Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol. 45 part 3 P 1-43- 107

F2 RAINBOW QUARRY

COMMODITY: Decorative Stone STATUS: Past Producer LOCATION: NTS 52K/1SW The deposit is located 0.8 km west of the west boundary of Vermilion. Additional Township District of Kenora 50 l4 T 53" North Latitude 92 17'35" West Longitude UTM Grid 550500mE 5547700mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The workings are reached by gravel road from Hudson as shown in Fig. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The area is underlain by mafic to intermediate metavolcanics with inter calated metasediments. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Hurst (1933) and Johnston (1972) A description of the deposit is found in the Sioux Lookout Resident Geologist's files. Geology: The deposit comprises two quartzite units with fuchsite/mariposite andsericite developed in thin layers parallel to the strike of the units. Workings consist of a 46.5m long trench 3m wide at the east end and 1m wide at the west end oriented parallel to the strike of theunit. The rocks exposed on the property are mafic metavolcanics, some units showing highly deformed pillows with intercalated micaceous quartzite units. A well developed foliation trends 090 to 095 and dips 75 to 80 south. The green fuchsite/mariposite Is developed in l to 2 mm layers parallel to the foliation separated by 2 to 10mm. This mineral is also present In much smaller amounts throughout much of the quartzite giving most of it a bright green colour. White mica, probably sericite, is developed In the quartzite to the south of the trench.. This part of the deposite is Q folded into many anQechelon dragfolds plunging 83 in direct ion 050 . The rock breaks readily along the foliation. Veins of white to rusty quartz cut both the quartzite and adjacent metavolcanics. Small amounts of pyrite chalcopyrite and galena are present in these veins. The quartzite is exposed on the north limb of north eastward plung ing fold and similar units without the fuchsite/ mariposite can be found on the south limb at the same stratigraphic level. (R. Huggins, Resource Geologist OMNR Sioux Lookout, personal communication 1982) Two samples of material were submitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy. The results are TABLE 16 shown below: Quartz Plag Muscovite Amphibole Chlorite Talc Serpen-Dolo-Cal- Magne tine mite cite site

82-196 A B - - 82-224 A+ ?C C

82-196 is the white sericite material 82-224 is the green mariposite material. Both these samples are predominantly quartz. Sericite and mariposite/fuchisite appear as muscovite in the X-ray pattern. l US

HISTORY: The deposit was stripped and trenched circa 1972 by Rainbow Quarries Ltd. A small amount of material was removed for ornamental purposes. The material was marketed under the name Hudson Jade . REFERENCES NTS Map 52K/1 Hurst M. E. 1933: Geology of the Sioux Lookout Area; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol 41 pt 6 1932 p. 1-33- Johnston, P. J. 1972: Geology of the Vermilion- Abram Lakes Area, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines GEological Report 101. OMNR Resident Geologist's Piles Sioux Lookout,

SCALE 2 Km J l Ml 109

RUSH BAY QUARRY COMMODITY: Flagstone STATUS: Producer LOCATION: NTS 52E/10NW Forgie Townshlo District of Kenora 49 41'33" North Latitude 94 55'39" West Longitude UTM Grid 360000mE 5506000mN Zone 15. ACCESS: The quarry is located on theeastside of the Rush Bay Road 4.1 km south of Highway l?. DESCRIPTION: Geological Setting: The deposit is developed in an eastwest shear zone cutting felsic metavolcanics. Previous Geological Work: The area has been mapped by Davies (1965) and the deposit is described in the National Mineral Inventory. Geology: The rock extracted is a fine grained felsic tuff with varying amounts of pyrite and pyrrhotite disseminated throughout giving it a rusty weathered surface. The tuff has been affected by faulting giving a zone 12.5 m wide of fisille schistose rock. The predominant colour of the rock is light yellow-green stained rusty by hematite developed on the schistosity plane. The degree of fissility changes abruptly both along and across the shear zone. Material is extracted from an open cut roughly 100 m long and 10-12 m wideband up to 4m deep. The rock is broken into \ M blocks by wedges and occasional small blasts then it is split with wedges into thin (1-2cm) sheets. A section across the deposit and associated rocks is shown in figure . The predominant lithology is felsic lapilli tuff and ash tuff often showing gradded bedding fining to the south. Bedding in the fine tuff is 2-10 mm. Frag ments up to 10cm long and 4cm wide are found in the coarser tuff. All the units are matrix supported with a maximum of about 35# lappilli and larger fragments. Several thin(.3--6m. ) units of very fine grained graphitic cherty sedi ment are found separating the tuff units; occasional clasts of this material are found in the coarse tuff units. The rock type that makes the best flagstone is fine tuff, lappilli and larger fragments do not deform as readily and the resulting schisto- city is undulatory and difficult to split. A second shear zone in lappilli tuff demonstrates this. A sample of the rock was submitted for X-ray diffraction on mineralogy. The results are TABLE 17 shown below: Quartz Plag Muscovite Amphibole Chlorite Talc Serpen- Dolo- Cal- Magne- tine mite cite site

82-225 A

The dominant mineral is quartz with a lessor amount of muscovite. A sample of sulphide bearing rock was submitted for qualitative spectrogrphic analysis and assay. The results are shown below: 110

TABLE 1 Element 82-225 Sample No. 82-225 Antimony Gold (Au) 3ppb Arsenic Beryllium Silver (Ag) ^ppm Bismuth Cadmium Copper (Cu) 25ppm Cerium Chromium Lead (Pb) l8ppm Cobalt Copper Zinc (Zn) 73ppm Germanium Lead Lithium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Niobium Silver Tantalum Tellurium Thrium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium T Iron LM

HISTORY: The deposit was developed by Rush Bay Quarries Ltd. in 1978. REFERENCES NTS Map 52E/10 Beard R.C. and Rivett, S. 1979: 1978 Report of the Northwestern Regional Geologist and Kenora Resident Geologist; p.1-10 in Annual Report of the Regional and Resident Geologists, 1978, edited by C.R, Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, MP84, 135p- Beard R. C. and Rivett. S. 1980: 1979 Report of the Northwestern Regional Geologist and the Kenora Resident Geologist; pl-12 in Annual Report of the Regional and Resident Geologists, 1979, edited by C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, MP91,

Mineral Policy Sector, Department of Energy Mines and Resources, Ottawa. National Mineral Inventory document 52E/10 STN1 1981. Davies,. J*C* 1965: High Lake - Rush Bay Area, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines Geological Report GR 41 accompanied by Maps 2063 and 2069 scale 1:31 6SO. SCALE O l 2 Km

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OTHER ROCK TYPES Numerous examples of rocks that have some potential as decorative stone have been found in the literature and through field work. One deposit of this type has been described and several others can be found in the appendix. 114 GAHERTY ISLAND CARBONATE COMMODITY: "Marble" STATUS: Occurrence LOCATION: NTS 52E/9NW The deposit is located on the north side of Gaherty Island Lake of the Woods District of Kenora. 49 38' 20" north Latitude, 94 29'l6" West Longitude. UTM Grid 392550mE 5499250mN Zone 15 ACCESS The deposit is reached by boat from Kenora. DESCRIPTION:' Geological Setting: The deposit is a carbonate vein hosted in intermediate to felsic pyroclastic rocks. Previous Geological Work: The area was mapped by Lawson (L88g), Lawson et al (189?) and Thomson (1937). The deposit is mentioned by Lawson(18861 Geology: The trends 090o7900 and is at least 6m wide. Strike length is obscured by overburden and the lake. The vein material weathers rusty brown but is light grey on the fresh surface. There are frequent chlorite seams some of which resemble mariposite but this may be due to weathering. There is a weak foliation parallel to that of the host rock due to the chlorite seams. Vertical joints spaced l m apart are found perpendicular to the veins strike. The host rock is schistose altered tuff. Ghost like lapilli size fragments appear on the weathered surface. Quartz- carbonate veins appear in the foliation of the host rock in several places. The foliation surface is soft due to the presence of carbonate and chlorite. Chemistry: A sample of the vein material was sub mitted for X-ray diffraction mineralogy. The results are shown below. TABLE l q Sample No. Talc Amphibole Chlorite Dolomite Calcite Magnesite Qua. Feld- Mica spar

82 -46 A - -BC C? The carbonate material is probably predominantly Ankerite. Quartz makes up about 2 to 5? of the rock. A second sample of the same material contain ing traces of pyrite was submitted for a 30 element spectrographic analysis and Au Ag Geochemical analysis, these results are shown below: TABLE 20 Sample 82-46 Sample 82-46 Element Element

Antimony Niobium Arsenic Silver - Beryllium Tantalum - Bismuth Tellurium - Cadmium Thorium — Cerium — Chromium Tin Titanium T Cobalt Tungsten - Copper Uranium - Germanium Vanadium - Lead Yttrium - Lithium Zinc T Manganese Zirconium - Mercury Iron Molybdenum LM Nickel Gold (Au) iSOppb Silver(Ag) -C2ppm 115

REFERENCES: NTS Map 52E/9 Lawson, A.C. 1886: Report on the Geology of the Lake of the Woods Region; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report (New Series) Volume l part CC Lawson, A.C., Barlow A.E, Wilson, W.J. l897: Geological and topographical map of the Northern part of the Lake of the Woods and Adjacent Country; Geological Survey of Canada Sheet No. l Scale 1:126720 Addition printed for 6th report of the Ontario Bureau of Mines 1897. Thomson, J. E. 1937: Geology of the North Central part of the Lake of the Woods Kenora District Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report Vol. 45 part 3- p. 1-^3- 116

SELECTED REFERENCES

References for each property description are found with the appropriate description. The following list contains publications referred to in the introduction and several publications that are not referred to but contain useful information for the evaluation stone deposits and background information on stone commodities. Bell, R. 1873- Report on the country between Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg; Geological Survey of Canada Report of Progress for 1872-3. Bell, R. l88l: Lake of the Woods; Geological Survey of Canada Map l6l l inch to 4 miles. Bigsby, J. J. 1852: On the Geology of the Lake of the Woods, South Hudson's Bay; Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society Vol. 8. Bowles, O. and Williams, R. L. 1963: Traprockj United States Bureau of Mines Inform ation Circular 8l84. Brisbin, W. C. 1980: Fracturing within Granitic Intrusions; Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Technical Record TR-37- Carr, G.F. 1955: The Granite Industry of Canada; Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Mines Branch Pub. No. 846. Currier, L. W. I960: Geologic Appraisal of Dimension-Stone Deposits; U. S. Geol. Survey Bulletin 1109. Dawson, G. M. 1875: Geology and Resources of the Region in the Vicinity of the Forty-ninth Parallel; Geological Survey of Canada. Dickson, T. 1979: Slate, Rebuilding the Markets; Industrial Minerals, October 1979.p. 45-53. Gary, M., McAfee, R. and Wolf, C.L. 1972: Glossary of Geology, American Geological Institute Washington, D.C. Godfrey, J. D. 1979: Chipewyan Granite- a building stone pros pect in Alberta. CIM Bulletin May 1979 P105-109. Hewitt, D. F. 1964: Building Stones of Ontario Part V Granite and Gneiss; Ontario Department of Mines Industrial Mineral Report No. 19. Lawson, A. C. 1886: Geology of the Lake of the Woods Region; Geological Survey of Canada Annual Report New Series Vol. l Part CC. 117

Lawson, A. C. 1897: Lake of the Woods; Geological Survey of Canada Map 227 l inch to 2 mile. Mackasey W. O., Blackburn, C. E., and Trowell, N.F. : Regional Approach to the Wabigoon-Quetico Belts and its Bearing Upon Mineral Explora tion in Northwestern Ontario; Ont. Div. Mines, MP 58,30p. Mattinson, C. R. 1952: A Study of Certain Canadian Building and Monumental Stones of Igneous Origin. Unpublished M Se. Thesis McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. Mehnert, K. R. 1968: Migmatites and the Origin of Granitic Rocks. Elsevier Pub. Co. Owen, D.D. 1852: Report of a Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota; publication unknown. Power, W. R. 1975: Dimension and Cut Stone; in Industrial Minerals and Rocks, Fourth Edition American Institute of Mining, Metallurg ical and Petroleum Engineers New York P157-174. Reed, A. H. 1978: Stone; U. S. Bureau of Mines Mineral Commodity Profile MCP 17. Spence, H. S. 1922: Talc and Soapstone in Canada. Can. Dept. Mines, Mines Branch Pub.583. Spence, H. S. 19^0: Talc, Steatite and Soapstone Pyrophyllite; Can. Dept. Mines 4 Resources, Mines Branch Pub. 803. Streckeisen, A. 1976: To Each Plutonic Rock Its Proper Name; Earth Science Reviews Vol. 12 (1976)pl-33- Wilson, M. E. 1926: Talc Deposits of Canada; Geol. Surv. Can. Economic Geology Series No. 2. Winkler, E. M. 1978: Decay and Preservation of Stone; Eng. Geol. Case Histories No. 11 Geol. Soc. America. 118

SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS

The following are brief descriptions of the samples taken during the 1982 field season. The description is based on field exam ination only. The asterisk indicates samples from producers, past producers, prospects, or areas that warrent further invest igation. Samples taken from producers and past producers are given the same UTM coordinates as the quarry. The rock names are those used by the industry not precise geological terms. 119

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