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First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones. -
Paper 2: Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain C1000-2014
Paper 2: Power: Monarchy and democracy in Britain c1000-2014. 1. Describe the Anglo-Saxon system of government. [4] • Witan –The relatives of the King, the important nobles (Earls) and churchmen (Bishops) made up the Kings council which was known as the WITAN. These men led the armies and ruled the shires on behalf of the king. In return, they received wealth, status and land. • At local level the lesser nobles (THEGNS) carried out the roles of bailiffs and estate management. Each shire was divided into HUNDREDS. These districts had their own law courts and army. • The Church handled many administrative roles for the King because many churchmen could read and write. The Church taught the ordinary people about why they should support the king and influence his reputation. They also wrote down the history of the period. 2. Explain why the Church was important in Anglo-Saxon England. [8] • The church was flourishing in Aethelred’s time (c.1000). Kings and noblemen gave the church gifts of land and money. The great MINSTERS were in Rochester, York, London, Canterbury and Winchester. These Churches were built with donations by the King. • Nobles provided money for churches to be built on their land as a great show of status and power. This reminded the local population of who was in charge. It hosted community events as well as religious services, and new laws or taxes would be announced there. Building a church was the first step in building a community in the area. • As churchmen were literate some of the great works of learning, art and culture. -
Anna of Cleves Birth and Death 1515 – July 16, 1557
Catherine of Aragon Birth and death December 15, 1485 – January 7, 1536 Marriage One: to Arthur (Henry’s older brother), November 14, 1501 (aged 15) Two: to Henry VIII, June 11, 1509 (aged 23) Children Mary, born February 18, 1516 (later Queen Mary I). Catherine also had two other children who died as infants, three stillborn children, and several miscarriages. Interests Religion, sewing, dancing, a bit more religion. Cause of death Probably a type of cancer. Remembered for… Her refusal to accept that her marriage was invalid; her faith; her dramatic speech to Henry when he had her brought to court to seek the annulment of their marriage. Did you know? While Henry fought in France in 1513, Catherine was regent during the Battle of Flodden; when James IV of Scotland was killed in the battle, Catherine wanted to send his body to Henry as a present. Anne Boleyn Birth and death c. 1501 – May 19, 1536 Marriage January 25, 1533 (aged 31) Children Elizabeth, born September 7, 1533 (later Queen Elizabeth I). Anne also had at least two miscarriages. Interests Fashion, dancing, flirtation, collecting evangelical works. Queen Links Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon. Cause of death Executed on Tower Green, London. Remembered for… Headlessness; bringing about England’s break with the Pope; having a sixth fingernail. Did you know? Because she was fluent in French, Anne would have acted as a translator during the visit of Emperor Charles V to court in 1522. Jane Seymour Birth and death 1507 or 1508 – October 24, 1537 Marriage May 30, 1536 (aged 28 or 29) Children Edward, born October 12, 1537 (later King Edward VI). -
S. N. S. College, Jehanabad
S. N. S. COLLEGE, JEHANABAD (A Constituent unit of Magadh University, Bodh Gaya) DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY KEY-NOTES JAMES-I (1603-1625) FOR B.A. PART – I BY KRITI SINGH ANAND, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPTT. OF HISTORY, S.N. SINHA COLLEGE, JEHANABAD 1 James I (1603 - 1625) James VI King of Scotland was the great grandson of Margaret, the daughter of HenryVIII of England. The accession of James Stuart to the English throne as James I, on the death of Elizabeth in 1603, brought about the peaceful union of the rival monarchies of England and Scotland. He tried to make the union of two very different lands complete by assuming the title of King of Great Britain. There was peace in England and people did not fear any danger from a disputed succession inside the country or from external aggression. So strong monarchy was not considered essential for the welfare of the people. Even towards the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Parliament began to oppose the royal will. The attempts of the new king to make the two lands to have one parliament, one church and one law failed miserably, because the Scots were not interested in the union and the English Parliament did not co- operate with him for it did not trust him. James I had experience as the King of Scotland and he knew very well the history of the absolute rule of the Tudor monarchs in England. So he was determined to rule with absolute powers. He believed in the theory of Divine Right Kingship and his own accession to the English throne was sanctioned by this theory. -
Contextual Information Timelines and Family Trees Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits 16 March – 14 July 2019
16 March — 14 July 2019 British Royal Portraits Exhibition organised by the National Portrait Gallery, London Contextual Information Timelines and Family Trees Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits 16 March – 14 July 2019 Tudors to Windsors traces the history of the British monarchy through the outstanding collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London. This exhibition highlights major events in British (and world) history from the sixteenth century to the present, examining the ways in which royal portraits were impacted by both the personalities of individual monarchs and wider historical change. Presenting some of the most significant royal portraits, the exhibition will explore five royal dynasties: the Tudors, the Stuarts, the Georgians, the Victorians and the Windsors shedding light on key figures and important historical moments. This exhibition also offers insight into the development of British art including works by the most important artists to have worked in Britain, from Sir Peter Lely and Sir Godfrey Kneller to Cecil Beaton and Annie Leibovitz. 2 UK WORLDWIDE 1485 Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, becoming King Henry VII The Tudors and founding the Tudor dynasty 1492 An expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus encounters the Americas 1509 while searching for a Western passage to Asia Henry VII dies and is succeeded Introduction by King Henry VIII 1510 The Inca abandon the settlement of Machu Picchu in modern day Peru Between 1485 and 1603, England was ruled by 1517 Martin Luther nails his 95 theses to the five Tudor monarchs. From King Henry VII who won the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, crown in battle, to King Henry VIII with his six wives and a catalyst for the Protestant Reformation 1519 Elizabeth I, England’s ‘Virgin Queen’, the Tudors are some Hernando Cortes lands on of the most familiar figures in British history. -
Mytil Nndhlstory
212 / Robert E. Bjork I chayter tt and Herebeald, the earlier swedish wars, and Daeghrefn, 242g-250ga; (26) weohstan,s slaying Eanmund in the second Swedish-wars-,2611-25a; of (27-29)Hygelac's fall, and the battle at Ravenswood in the earlier Swedish war, 2910b-98. 8. For a full discussion, see chapter I l. 9. The emendation was first suggested by Max Rieger (lg7l,4l4). MytIL nndHlstory D. Niles W loh, SU*Uryt Nineteenth-century interpret ations of B eowutf , puticululy mythology that was then in vogue' in Germany, fell underthe influence of the nature or Indo- More recently, some critics have related the poem to ancient Germanic feature b*op"un rnyih -O cult or to archetypes that are thought to be a universal of nu-un clnsciousness. Alternatively, the poem has been used as a source of the poem' knowledge concerning history. The search for either myth or history in useful however,-is attended by severe and perhaps insurmountable difficulties' More may be attempts to identify the poem as a "mythistory" that confirmed a set of fabulous values amongthe Anglo-saxons by connecting their current world to a ancesfral past. /.1 Lhronology 1833: Iohn Mitchell Kemble, offering a historical preface to his edition of the poem' locates the Geats in Schleswig. 1837: Kemble corrects his preface to reflect the influence of Jakob Grimm; he identifies the first "Beowulf" who figures in the poem as "Beaw," the agricultural deity. Karl Miillenhoff (1849b), also inspired by Grimm, identifies the poem as a Germanic meteorological myth that became garbled into a hero tale on being transplanted to England. -
BUTLER FAMILY HISTORY the Butler Family
BUTLER FAMILY HISTORY The Butler Family,(de Butler in Gaelic and French), whose name comes from the French word "bouteleur" or "butler" is a noble family of Anglo-Norman origin, famous in the history of Ireland, where she was established in 1206. It is the only one comparable to the Geraldine, who was its neighbor and her worst rival. The Butler family is the 20th oldest subsisting aristocratic family in France,and one of the oldest in England and Ireland,dating back to the Norman conquest by William the Conqueror. She has many existing branches, not only in the UK but also in France, Spain,Germany and America. Origin and history The Butler family, which is believed to be of the family of the Counts of Brionnel arrived in England with William the Conqueror in 1066 during the Norman conquest,and received many lands and titles after participating in the Battle of Hastings. It has a proven lineage that begins with Hervey Gaultier, who owned the manor of Newton in Suffolk at the time of King Henry II (1154-1189). From the large survey of 1212, he had married in 1160 his son Walteri or Galtier Matilda or Maud, daughter of Thibaud de Valognes, who became lord of Parham to Plomesgate in Suffolk County and whose sister had married Berthe Ranulf Glanville, chief justice of the king. There are three known sons, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1193, Rotgier, Hamo and Theobald (1206). The latter became Grand Bouteiller (or "boteleur"),an hereditary office which will give the family name "Butler". -
Beowulf Thesis Final Draft
“WHAT KINSHIP SHOULD MEAN:” AN EXAMINATION OF THE ETHNIC AND NATIONALIST THEMES WITHIN BEOWULF ADAPTATIONS An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by CLAIRE NOWKA Submitted to the Undergraduate Research Scholars program at Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as an UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Research Advisor: Dr. Britt Mize May 2017 Major: History TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................1 Thesis Statement ...............................................................................................................1 Theoretical Framework .....................................................................................................1 Project Description ...........................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................5 A Question of Kinship .......................................................................................................4 Why Study Adaptations? ...................................................................................................6 Methodology ......................................................................................................................7 -
Heineman Royal Ancestors Medieval Europe
HERALDRYand BIOGRAPHIES of the HEINEMAN ROYAL ANCESTORS of MEDIEVAL EUROPE HERALDRY and BIOGRAPHIES of the HEINEMAN ROYAL ANCESTORS of MEDIEVAL EUROPE INTRODUCTION After producing numerous editions and revisions of the Another way in which the royal house of a given country familiy genealogy report and subsequent support may change is when a foreign prince is invited to fill a documents the lineage to numerous royal ancestors of vacant throne or a next-of-kin from a foreign house Europe although evident to me as the author was not clear succeeds. This occurred with the death of childless Queen to the readers. The family journal format used in the Anne of the House of Stuart: she was succeeded by a reports, while comprehensive and the most popular form prince of the House of Hanover who was her nearest for publishing genealogy can be confusing to individuals Protestant relative. wishing to trace a direct ancestral line of descent. Not everyone wants a report encumbered with the names of Unlike all Europeans, most of the world's Royal Families every child born to the most distant of family lines. do not really have family names and those that have adopted them rarely use them. They are referred to A Royal House or Dynasty is a sort of family name used instead by their titles, often related to an area ruled or by royalty. It generally represents the members of a family once ruled by that family. The name of a Royal House is in various senior and junior or cadet branches, who are not a surname; it just a convenient way of dynastic loosely related but not necessarily of the same immediate identification of individuals. -
Anglo-Saxons and English Identity
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Anna Šerbaumová Anglo-Saxons and English Identity Master’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Dr., M.A. Stephen Paul Hardy, Ph. D. 2010 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. V Plzni dne 22.11.2010 …………………………………………… I would like to thank my supervisor Dr., M.A. Stephen Paul Hardy, Ph.D. for his advice and comments, and my family and boyfriend for their constant support. Table of Contents 0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1 Anglo-Saxon Period (410–1066) ........................................................................................... 4 1.1 Anglo-Saxon Settlement in Britain ................................................................................ 4 1.2 A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxon Period ................................................................... 5 1.3 ―Saxons‖,― English‖ or ―Anglo-Saxons‖? ..................................................................... 7 1.4 The Origins of English Identity and the Venerable Bede .............................................. 9 1.5 English Identity in the Ninth Century and Alfred the Great‘s Preface to the Pastoral Care ...................................................................................................... 15 1.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. -
The Early Stuarts and the English Civil War 1603-1660 Duration
Topic: The Early Stuarts and the English Civil War 1603-1660 Duration: 9 lessons Composite: Unit test Key vocabulary: Core knowledge Components Powerful knowledge components crucial to commit to long Links to previous and future topics term memory Catholic Who were the Stuarts? What were the causes of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605? Religious This topic shows how the political and Treason What were the causes of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605? tension between Catholics and Protestants grew as King James I religious changes of the Tudor period th Protestant Why do we still remember Guy Fawkes and the 5 of November? introduced more laws against Catholics. In 1605 a small group of culminated in growing tension and Divine right What were the reasons for disagreement between King Charles I and Catholics plotted to blow up both the King and Parliament as they conflict. Parliament? feared their religious freedom would soon end. Puritan What is the ‘divine right of kings’? These topics link with KS4 Crime and Cavalier What is a ‘civil war’? What were the reasons for disagreement between Charles I and Punishment in the Early Modern period Royalist What was the English Civil War about? Parliament? Parliament opposed the way King Charles I raised money Parliamentarians Who fought in the English Civil War? for war (ship money), the changes he made to religion in England, his It helps students to understand the Roundhead What were the Key Battles of the English Civil War? Catholic wife and his unpopular advisers such as the Duke of Developing of role of Parliament and Remonstrance Why was the development of New Model Army was important for the Buckingham and William Laud. -
Printed: 2020/05/13 16:49 Page 1 /Users/Giovanni/Documents/Gen/Hannah20120513.Rtf "Cenl Enda Two Distinct Territories Are Mentioned
/Users/giovanni/Documents/Gen/Hannah20120513.rtf Hanna, Hannah, Hannay, A'Hannay, aHannay, Hannagh, d'Annethe, O’Hannaidh, O'Hannaith, Ó hAnnaidh, O'hEighnigh, O'hEanaigh, O'hEanna [and connected families, Park/Parks/Parker, Patterson, Oulrey, Ford, McKinley, Scott, Vance, Davidson, Streeter, Lyle, Snodgrass, Boyd, Craighill/Craghill, Gill, Smith, Stewart, McKie] - - - - - - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans_in_Ulster#Cen.C3.A9l_Eanna http://www.enotes.com/topic/List_of_Irish_clans clan name (tuath): Cinel Eanna, progenitor: Eanna (Enda), the sixth son of Conall Gulban [there's some confusion because the 3rd son of Niall had the same name... or almost the same name], septs (finte): Hanna, Hainey, Haney, Heaney (O'hEighnigh) (Ó hAnnaidh), location: Kings of Magh Ith, Tir Eanna and Fanad in present day County Donegal. Cineal (kinship): Cenél Conaill - - clan name (tuath): Ui Meith Macha alias Ui-Meith Tire prognitor: Imar mac Muircertaich mac Duibdarac mac Scannlain mac Indrachtaich mac Gairbid mac Ainbeith mac Mailbrigti mac Duibinnracht mac Taidg mac Innreachtaich mac Muiredaich mac Mailimuchair mac Scannlain mac Fingin mac Aedha mac Fiachrach mac Fiachrach mac Eogain mac Briuin mac Muiredaic Meith (a quo H. Meith) mac Imcadha mac Colla Da Crich mac Eachach Doimlen hereditary chief: Ó hInnreachtaigh (O'Hanratty) septs (finte): Ó hAinfeith (HANVEY, HANNAY, HANNEY), Ó Mael Brigdhe (MULREADY, MULBREEDY, MULBRIDE, MULREEDY, MURREADY, MULREDDY), Ó Gairbith (GARVEY), Ó hUarghuis